Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

Basic Properties of Circles

11
Consolidation Exercise Solution

Consolidation Exercise 11A

1. ∵ ON ⊥ AB (given)
∴ AN = BN (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
x=4

2. ∵ OM ⊥ AB (given)
∴ AM = BM (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
AM = AB
2
1
a =  18
2
=9

3. ∵ OM ⊥ AB (given)
∴ AM = BM (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
BM = AB
2
1
=  16 cm
2
= 8 cm
In △OBM,
OB2 = OM2 + BM2 (Pyth. theorem)
OB = OM 2 + BM 2
m = 6 2 + 82
= 10

© Oxford University Press 2023 1 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

4. OC = ON + NC
= (3 + 2) cm
= 5 cm
∵ OA = OC (radii)
∴ x=5
In △OAN,
AN2 + ON2 = OA2 (Pyth. theorem)
AN = OA 2 − ON 2
= 5 2 − 32 cm
= 4 cm
∵ ON ⊥ AB (given)
∴ AN = BN (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
AB = 2AN
y=24
=8

5. ∵ AP = BP (given)
∴ OP ⊥ AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord ⊥ chord)
i.e. x = 90

6. ∵ AN = BN (given)
∴ ON ⊥ AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord ⊥ chord)
i.e. ONA = 90
In △OAN,
AON + OAN + ONA = 180 ( sum of △)
b + 30 + 90 = 180
b = 60

7. ∵ AB = CD (given)
∴ OM = ON (equal chords, equidistant from centre)
x=6

8. ∵ ON = OM (given)
∴ CD = AB (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
a = 32

© Oxford University Press 2023 2 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

9. ∵ OM ⊥ AB (given)
∴ AM = BM (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
AB = 2AM
= 2  4 cm
= 8 cm
∵ ON = OM (given)
∴ CD = AB (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
x=8

10. ∵ PQ is the perpendicular bisector of RS. (given)

∴ PQ passes through the centre. (⊥ bisector of chord passes through centre)
i.e. PQ is a diameter.
1
Radius = PQ
2
1
= (PT + TQ)
2
1
= (11 + 5) cm
2
= 8 cm

11. (a) ∵ OP ⊥ AB (given)

∴ AP = BP (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
BP = AB
2
1
=  16 cm
2
= 8 cm
In △OBP,
OB2 = OP2 + BP2 (Pyth. theorem)
OB = OP 2 + BP2
= 15 2 + 8 2 cm
= 17 cm
Radius = OB = 17 cm
(b) OQ = OB (radii)
= 17 cm
PQ = OQ − OP
= (17 − 15) cm
= 2 cm

© Oxford University Press 2023 3 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

12. ∵ OP ⊥ RS (given)
∴ RT = TS (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
RT = RS
2
1
=  6 cm
2
= 3 cm
In △ORT,
OT2 + RT2 = OR2 (Pyth. theorem)
OT = OR − RT 2 2

= 52 − 32 cm
= 4 cm
OP = OR = 5 cm (radii)
PT = OP – OT
= (5 – 4) cm
= 1 cm

13. (a) ∵ AC = BC (given)

∴ OC ⊥ AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord ⊥ chord)
∵ AC = BC and OC ⊥ AB
∴ OC is the perpendicular bisector of AB.
(b) In △BCO,
OB2 = OC2 + BC2 (Pyth. theorem)
OB = OC 2 + BC 2
= 9 2 + 12 2 cm
= 15 cm
OD = OB (radii)
= 15 cm
CD = OC + OD
= (9 + 15) cm
= 24 cm

14. (a) OE = OB (radii)

= 10 cm
ON = OE − NE
= (10 − 4) cm
= 6 cm
∵ AB = CD (given)
∴ OM = ON (equal chords, equidistant from centre)
= 6 cm

© Oxford University Press 2023 4 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

(b) In △BMO,
BM2 + OM2 = OB2 (Pyth. theorem)
BM = OB 2 − OM 2
= 10 2 − 6 2 cm
= 8 cm
∵ OM ⊥ AB (given)
∴ AM = BM (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
AB = 2BM
= 2  8 cm
= 16 cm

15. ∵ OP = OQ = OR (given)
∴ AB = BC = CA (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
∴ △ABC is an equilateral triangle.
∴ BAC = 60 (property of equil. △)

16. (a) ∵ ON = OM (given)

∴ AE = AB (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
= 12 cm
(b) BD = BC + CD
= (4 + 5) cm
= 9 cm
In △ABD,
AD2 = AB2 + BD2 (Pyth. theorem)
AD = AB 2 + BD2
= 12 2 + 9 2 cm
= 15 cm
DE = AD − AE
= (15 − 12) cm
= 3 cm

17. (a) ∵ AC = BC (given)

∴ OC ⊥ AB (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord ⊥ chord)
i.e. OCB = 90
In △OBC,
OBC + OCB + BOC = 180 ( sum of △)
28 + 90 + BOC = 180
BOC = 62

© Oxford University Press 2023 5 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

(b) ∵ OD = OB (radii)
∴ BDO = DBO (base s, isos. △)
In △OBD,
BDO + DB O = BOC (ext.  of △)
BDO + BDO = 62
BDO = 31

18. ∵ AB = CD (given)
∴ OM = ON (equal chords, equidistant from centre)
∴ NMO = MNO (base s, isos. △)
= 18
In △OMN,
MON + NMO + MNO = 180 ( sum of △)
MON + 18 + 18 = 180
MON = 144

19. (a) In △AOM,

OA2 = AM2 + OM2 (Pyth. theorem)
OA = AM 2 + OM 2
= 4 2 + 32 cm
= 5 cm
(b) ON = OA (radii)
= 5 cm
MN = OM + ON
= (3 + 5) cm
= 8 cm
∵ OM ⊥ AB (given)
∴ BM = AM (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
= 4 cm
In △BMN,
BN2 = MN2 + BM2 (Pyth. theorem)
BN = MN 2 + BM 2
= 82 + 4 2 cm
= 8.9 cm, cor. to 1 d.p.

© Oxford University Press 2023 6 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

20. (a) ∵ OC ⊥ AB (given)

∴ AC = BC (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
= AB
2
1
=  12 cm
2
= 6 cm
In △ACO,
OA2 = AC2 + OC2 (Pyth. theorem)
OA = AC + OC 2 2

= 6 2 + 8 2 cm
= 10 cm
(b) M
D

E O
8 cm
C
A B
N
12 cm
Let E be a point on AD such that OE ⊥ AD.
EAC = OCB (corr. s, AD // NM)
= 90
∵ EAC = OEA = OCA = 90
∴ AEOC is a rectangle.
∴ AE = CO (property of rectangle)
= 8 cm
∵ OE ⊥ AD (given)
∴ DE = AE (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
AD = 2AE
= 2  8 cm
= 16 cm

© Oxford University Press 2023 7 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

21. 24 cm B
A C
E
20 cm 14 cm
D
O

Let E be a point on AB such that OE ⊥ AB.

AE = BE (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
= AB
2
1
=  24 cm
2
= 12 cm
In △AEO,
OA2 = AE2 + EO2 (Pyth. theorem)
EO = OA2 − AE 2
= 20 2 − 12 2 cm
= 16 cm
OD = OA (radii)
= 20 cm
OC = OD + DC
= (20 + 14) cm
= 34 cm
In △CEO,
OC2 = CE2 + EO2 (Pyth. theorem)
CE = OC − EO 2 2

= 34 2 − 16 2 cm
= 30 cm
BC = CE − BE
= (30 − 12) cm
= 18 cm

© Oxford University Press 2023 8 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

22. (a) C
B
M
K A
O
H
N
D
E

Produce CA and EA to meet the larger circle at H and K respectively.

∵ OM = ON (given)
∴ AB = AD and CH = EK (chords equidistant from centre are equal)
∵ OM ⊥ AB
∴ AM = BM and CM = HM (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1 1
i.e. BM =AB and CM = CH
2 2
∵ ON ⊥ AD
∴ AN = DN and EN = KN (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1 1
i.e. DN = AD and EN = EK
2 2
DE = EN − DN
1 1
= EK − AD
2 2
1 1
= CH − AB
2 2
= CM − BM
= BC
AE = AD + DE
= AB + BC
= (8 + 3) cm
= 11 cm

© Oxford University Press 2023 9 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

(b) C
B
M
A O
N
D
E

Join OB and OC.

1
BM = AB
2
1
=  8 cm
2
= 4 cm
In △BMO,
OB2 = OM2 + BM2 (Pyth. theorem)
OM = OB − BM 2 2

= 52 − 4 2 cm
= 3 cm
MC = BM + BC
= (4 + 3) cm
= 7 cm
In △CMO,
OC2 = OM2 + MC2 (Pyth. theorem)
OC = OM 2 + MC 2
= 32 + 7 2 cm
= 7.6 cm, cor. to 1 d.p.
∴ The radius of the larger circle is 7.6 cm.

© Oxford University Press 2023 10 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

23. (a) D
M
A B
N

C
Join OB.
∵ OM ⊥ AB (given)
∴ BM = AM (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
= AB
2
1
=  8 cm
2
= 4 cm
In △BMO,
OB2 = OM2 + BM2 (Pyth. theorem)
OB = OM 2 + BM 2
= 32 + 4 2 cm
= 5 cm
∴ The radius of the circle is 5 cm.
(b) ∵ N is the mid-point of MB. (given)
∴ MN = NB
1
= MB
2
1
=  4 cm
2
= 2 cm
D
M
A B
N

P
O

C
Let P be a point on CD such that OP ⊥ CD. Join OD.
∵ OMN = MNP = NPO = 90
∴ OMNP is a rectangle.
OP = MN (property of rectangle)
= 2 cm
PN = OM (property of rectangle)
= 3 cm
OD = OB (radii)
= 5 cm

© Oxford University Press 2023 11 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

In △DPO,
OD2 = OP2 + DP2 (Pyth. theorem)
DP = OD 2 − OP 2
= 52 − 2 2 cm
= 21 cm
DN = DP − PN
= ( 21 − 3) cm
= 1.6 cm, cor. to 1 d.p.

24. 16 cm
C
4 cm
A B
M

Join OB.
Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
∵ OC ⊥ AB (given)
∴ BM = AM (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
= AB
2
1
=  16 cm
2
= 8 cm
OM = OC − CM
= (r − 4) cm
In △OBM,
OB2 = OM2 + BM2 (Pyth. theorem)
r2 = (r − 4)2 + 82
r2 = r2 − 8r + 16 + 64
8r = 80
r = 10
∴ The radius of the circle is 10 cm.

© Oxford University Press 2023 12 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

25. (a)

16 cm
A B
C E D
12 cm

Let E be a point on CD such that OE ⊥ CD. Join OD.

CE = DE (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
= CD
2
1
=  12 cm
2
= 6 cm
In △ODE,
OD2 = OE2 + DE2 (Pyth. theorem)
OD = OE 2 + DE 2
= 8 2 + 6 2 cm
= 10 cm
∴ The radius of the circle is 10 cm.
(b)

16 cm F
A B
C E D
12 cm
Suppose AB and OE intersect at F. Then OF ⊥ AB.
Join OB.
BF = AF (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
= AB
2
1
=  16 cm
2
= 8 cm
In △OBF,
OB2 = OF2 + BF2 (Pyth. theorem)
OF = OB 2 − BF 2
= 10 2 − 8 2 cm
= 6 cm
EF = OE − OF
= (8 − 6) cm
= 2 cm
∴ The distance between AB and CD is 2 cm.

© Oxford University Press 2023 13 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

26.
A M B

C N D

Join OB and OD.

Let ON = x cm.
∵ OM ⊥ AB and ON ⊥ CD (given)
∴ AM = BM (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
= AB
2
1
=  32 cm
2
= 16 cm
CN = DN (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
= CD
2
1
=  24 cm
2
= 12 cm
In △OND,
OD2 = ON2 + DN2 (Pyth. theorem)
OD = ON 2 + DN 2
= x 2 + 12 2 cm
= x 2 + 144 cm
OM = MN − ON
= (28 − x) cm
In △OMB,
OB2 = OM2 + BM2 (Pyth. theorem)
OB = OM 2 + BM 2
= (28 − x) 2 + 162 cm
= (28 − x) 2 + 256 cm
∵ OD = OB (radii)
∴ x 2 + 144 = (28 − x) 2 + 256
x2 + 144 = (28 − x)2 + 256
x2 + 144 = 784 − 56x + x2 + 256
56x = 896
x = 16
∴ OD = 16 2 + 144 cm
= 20 cm
∴ The radius of the circle is 20 cm.

© Oxford University Press 2023 14 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

27. OT = OU = OS (equal chords, equidistant from centre)

∵ △POS  △POT (RHS)
∴ Let OPS = OPT = x. (corr. s,  △s)
∵ △ROS  △ROU (RHS)
∴ Let ORS = ORU = y . (corr. s,  △s)
In △PQR,
RPQ + PRQ + PQR = 180 ( sum of △)
2 x + 2 y + 52 = 180
2( x + y ) = 128
x + y = 64
In △POR,
OPR + PRO + POR = 180 ( sum of △)
x + y + POR = 180
 + POR = 180
POR = 116

28. O

U T
P S

V
Q
R
∵ OT ⊥ PS
∴ PT = ST (perpendicular from centre to chord bisects chord)
1
= PS
2
1
=  16 cm
2
= 8 cm
In △OPT,
OT 2 + PT 2 = OP 2 (Pyth. theorem)
OP = OT 2 + PT 2
= 62 + 82 cm
= 10 cm
OQ = OP = 10 cm (radii)
Let V be a point lying on OR such that QV ⊥ OR. Join QV.
Then QUTV is a rectangle.
VT = QU = 3 cm (property of rectangle)
OV = OT + VT = (6 + 3) cm = 9 cm

© Oxford University Press 2023 15 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

In △QOR,
OV
= cos QOR
OQ
9
= cos QOR
10
QOR = 25.842, cor. to 5 sig . fig.
QR
QOR
= 2π  OQ 
360
25.842
= 2π  10  cm
360
= 4.51 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

29. (a) Radius of the circle PQRS

18 + 2
= cm
2
= 10 cm
Let M be the centre of the circle PQRS. M lies on PR.
MT = PT – PM
= (18 − 10) cm
= 8 cm
∵ QS and UV are diameters of the circle QVSU.
∴ T is the centre of the circle QVSU.
∴ ST = TQ
∴ PV ⊥ SQ (line joining centre to mid-pt. of chord ⊥ chord)

P V
MU T R

Join MS.
Radius of circle QVSU
= ST
= MS 2 − MT 2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 10 − 8 cm
2 2

= 6 cm
Area of the circle QVSU
= π  62 cm2
= 113 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

© Oxford University Press 2023 16 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution

Senior Secondary Oxford Mathematics for the New Century 4B

(b) In △MST,
MT
cos TMS =
MS
8
=
10
TMS = 36.870, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
Area of the shaded region
 36.870 1 
=  π  102  −  8  6  cm2
 360 2 
2
= 8.18 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

© Oxford University Press 2023 17 4B11 Consolidation Exercise 11A Solution