Cocks & Valves For Marine Installation by - Md. Mazharul Anwar

COCKS & VALVES
FOR
MARINE INSTALLATION
[INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE]
MD. MAZAHARUL ANWAR

C.I. (DIESEL)
B.I.M.T. NARAYANGONJ
COCKS & VALVES FOR MARINE INSTALLATION
COCKS
What is Cock?
Cocks are used in small-bore pipework and are joined to adjacent pipework by a compression
coupling.
Fig. Cock
Cocks control or interrupt flow. Basically, they have bodies with screwed ends for connection
to the joining pipes and internal passages arranged so that they can be restricted or closed:
this is done by rotating a central plug in relation to a seating surface, usually by an external
lever or wheel.
A cock may be straight-through, right-angled or open-bottomed as required by its situation in
a pipe system, the plug may be tapered or parallel; tightness may be achieved by grinding the
plug to the body or resilient packing material packed tightly into suitably placed grooves in
the body for low or high pressures respectively. If under pressure the cock may be double-
glanded, so that the plug can not blow out, if important e.g. boiler blowdown cocks on ship’s
shell, so constructed that the handle can be removed only when the cock is closed.
Classification of Cocks
Cocks are also used in piping systems for small services in ships. They are classified as:
1. Stop cock
2. Angle cock
3. Ball cock
4. Plug cock
5. Vent cock or Bleed cock
6. Drain cock
7. Blow-down cock
8. Bib cock
9. Piller cock
10. Convert or mixing cock
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VALVES
What is Valve?
Valve is a mechanical device which controls the flow of fluids in any fluid handling system
(or piping system). The fluid controlled can be common liquids, gases and vapors; but they
also can be liquids carrying suspended particles. The control applied to these fluids can take
one or more of the following forms:
Starting or stopping flow
Regulating or throttling flow
Preventing back flow (or reverse flow)
Changing flow direction
Relieving or limiting fluid pressure
Regulating fluid pressure
Regulating fluid temperature
All kind of valves also bodies as cocks furnished with flanged or screwed ends or ends
prepared for clamping or welding for connection to the joining pipes and internal passages
arranged so that they can be restricted or closed, this is done by lowering, raising or rotating a
disk or diaphragm in relation to a seating surface or by controlling the movement of a ball or
plug.
Valve Chests
Valve chests are a series of valves all built into single block or manifold. Various
arrangements of suction and discharge connections are possible with this assembly.
Classification of Valves:
Valves are classified according to their application in the various types of piping circuits or
other services in marine installations.
1. Sea valves
(a) Sea chest valve or Sea suction valves (or Sea injection valves)
(b) Inboard sea valve
(c) Outboard discharge valve
(d) Overboard discharge valve
2. Bilge valves
(a) Bilge suction valve or Bilge injection valve
(b) Inboard bilge valve
(c) Outboard discharge valve
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3. Ballast valves
(a) Inboard ballast valve
(b) Outboard discharge valve
4. Fire valves
(Used in water/water sprinter type fixed installation fire extinguisher piping circuits)
(a) Inboard fire valve
(b) overboard discharge valve
(c) overboard discharge nozzle
5. cargo oil service valves
(a) Inboard cargo oil service valve
(b) Overboard inlet valve
(c) Overboard discharge valve
6. Bunker oil valves
(a) Inboard bunker oil valve
(b) Overboard inlet valve
(c) Overboard discharge valve
Valves are classified on design and construction:
1. Gate valves (or Sluice valves)
(a) Standard port (bore) gate valve
(b) Full port (bore) gate valve
(c) Conventional port (bore) gate valve
(d) Single disk gate valve
(i) Single disk wedge gate valve
(ii) Single disk parallel slide gate valve
(e) Twin or double disk gate valve
(i) Twin disk wedge gate valve
(ii) Twin disk parallel slide gate valve
(f) Soft seal gate valve
(g) Pressure seal gate valve
(h) Metal seated gate valve
(i) Flex gate valve
(j) Solid wedge gate valve
(k) Flexible wedge gate valve
(l) Inside screw type gate valve
(m) Outside screw yoke type gate valve
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(n) Thread end type gate valve

(o) Flange end type gate valve
(p) Weld end type gate valves
(i) But-weld end type gate valve
(ii) Slot-weld end type gate valve
(q) Cryogenic gate valve
(r) Knife gate valve
(i) Tappi metal seated knife gate valve
(ii) Tappi resilient seat knife gate valve
(iii) Through bolted flanged metal seated knife gate valve
(iv) Through bolted flanged resilient seat knife gate valve
(v) Port throttle knife gate valve
‘O’ port throttle knife gate valve
Diamond port throttle knife gate valve
2. Globe valves (or Mushroom valves)
(a) Standard port (bore) globe valve
(b) Full port (bore) globe valve
(c) Conventional port (bore) globe valve
(d) Plug-disk globe valve
(e) Spherical disk globe valve
(f) Ball disk globe valve
(g) Narrow seat disk globe valve
(h) Pressure seal globe valve
(i) High pressure globe valve
(Used in high pressure steam or other tough services)
(j) Cryogenic globe valve
(k) Thread end globe valve
(l) Flange end globe valve
(m) Weld end globe valves
(i) But-weld end globe valve
(ii) Slot-weld end globe valve
3. Angle globe valve
(a) Right angle globe valve
(i) Standard port (bore) right angle globe valve
(ii) Full port (bore) right angle globe valve
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(iii) Conventional port (bore) right angle globe valve

(iv) Thread end right angle globe valve
(v) Flange end right angle globe valve
(vi) Weld end right angle globe valves
But-weld end right angle globe valve
Slot-weld end right angle globe valve
(b) Inclined Y pattern or 45◦ inclined angle globe valve
(Fig. No. 216 B, VELAN VALVE)
4. Globe stop valves or stop valves
(a) Standard port (bore) stop valve
(b) Full port (bore) stop valve
(c) Conventional port (bore) stop valve
(d) Thread end stop valve
(e) Flange end stop valve
(f) Weld end stop valves
(i) But-weld end stop valve
(ii) Slot-weld end stop valve
5. Butterfly valves
(a) Cadet type butterfly valves
(i) Thread end cadet type butterfly valve
(ii) Flange end cadet type butterfly valve
(iii) Flangeless wafer cadet type butterfly valve
(iv) Weld end cadet type butterfly valves
But-weld end cadet type butterfly valve
Slot-weld end cadet type butterfly valve
(b) Gem type butterfly valves
(i) Thread end gem type butterfly valve
(ii) Flange end gem type butterfly valve
(iii) Flangeless wafer gem type butterfly valve
(iv) Weld end gem type butterfly valves
But-weld end gem type butterfly valve
Slot-weld end gem type butterfly valve
(c) Single-piece type butterfly valve
(d) 3-piece type butterfly valve
(e) 5-piece type butterfly valve
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6. Ball valves
(a) Standard port (bore) ball valve
(b) Full port (bore) ball valve
(c) Reduced port (bore) ball valve
(d) Simplon ball valve
(Fig. at page No. 9, BSS Special Purpose Valves)
(e) Comanche ball valve
(Fig. At page No. 9, BSS Special Purpose Valves)
(f) Free floating ball valve
(g) Trunnion mounted ball valve
(h) Memory seal ball valve
(Fig. At page No. 56  87, VELAN VALVES)
(i) Metal seated ball valve
(Fig. At page No. 68, VELAN VALVES)
(j) One piece ball valve
(Fig. At page No. 58, 62, VELAN VALVES)
(k) End entry ball valve
(Fig. At page No.56, VELAN VALVES)
(l) Top entry ball valve
(m) Split body ball valve
(Fig. At page No. 64, 68, VELAN VALVES)
(n) Thread end ball valve
(o) Flange end ball valve
(p) Weld end ball valves
(i) But-weld end ball valve
(ii) Slot-weld end ball valve
7. Plug valves
(a) Parallel plug valve
(b) Tapper plug valve
(c) Standard port plug valve
(d) Full flow port or full port plug valve
(e) Reduced port plug valve
(f) Non transflow port plug valve
(g) Rectangular port plug valve
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(h) Round port plug valve

(i) ‘L’ port plug valve
(j) ‘T’ port plug valve
(k) 3-way bodied plug valve
(l) Thread end plug valve plug valve
(m) Flange end plug valve
8. Equilibrium float valves
(a) Ball float type
(b) Cheese-shaped float type
(c) Spherical float type
9. Equilibrium ball valves
10. Claudo valves (or sleeve valves)
11. Pinch valve
12. Mucon valve (or Flexible sleeve valve)
13. Diaphragm valve
14. Flap valve
(Used as check valve)
15. Needle valve
16. Instrument valve
17. Nozzle valve
According to its Control Function that a valve takes, they are classified as:
1. Shut-off valves
(Designated as Check valves or Non-return valves)
(a) Norval cone type shut-off valve
(b) Swing disk type shut-off valve (Designated as hinged flap type shut-off valve)
(c) Tilting disk type shut-off valve
(d) Free-lifting type shut-off valves
(i) Diaphragm type free-lifting shut-off valve
(ii) Stop shut-off valve or piston type free-lifting shut-off valves
Spring less piston type free-lifting shut-off valve
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Spring piston type free-lifting shut-off valve

(iii) Ball type free-lifting shut-off valves
Spring less ball type free-lifting shut-off valve
Spring ball type free-lifting shut-off valve
(e) Screw-down shut-off valve or Screw-down non-return valve (or SDNR valve)
(f) Combination of a number of cone and diaphragm type shut-off valve
(g) Air shut-off valve (Generally used in air charging system of diesel engine)
2. Control valve
(a) Flow control valves
(i) Throttle valves
(Fig. At page No.78, VELAN VALVES)
‘O’ port throttle valve
Diamond port throttle valve
(ii) Expansion valve (Used in refrigeration systems)
(b) Pressure regulating valves or pressure regulators
(i) Piston operated pressure regulating valve
(ii) Diaphragm operated pressure regulating valve
(iii) Thread end type pressure regulating valve
(iv) Flange end type pressure regulating valve
(c) Pressure relief valves
(i) Safety valve
(ii) Relief valve
(d) Temperature control valves
(i) Direct-action type temperature control valves or thermostatic valves or
thermostats
Direct operated direct-action type temperature control
valve
Indirect operated direct-action type temperature control valve
(ii) Indirect-action type temperature control valve
(iii) 2-way bodied or straight-through temperature control valves
Cock type 2-way bodied temperature control valve
Globe valve or stop valve type 2-way bodied straight-through
temperature control valve
(iv) 3-way bodied temperature control valves
Mixing valves
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Sleeve type mixing valve

Spool type mixing valve
Hinge type mixing valve
Butterfly type mixing valve
Rotary type mixing valve
Diverting valves
Sleeve type diverting valve
Spool type diverting valve
Hinge type diverting valve
Butterfly type diverting valve
Rotary type diverting valve
(v) Evaporation transducer type temperature control valves
Corrugated metal pipe or belows evaporation transducer type
temperature control valve
Cylinder and piston evaporation transducer type temperature
control valve
(vi) Expansion transducer type temperature control valves
Bimetallic coil expansion transducer type temperature control
valve
Bimetallic tube and rod transducer type temperature control
valve
Wax pellet expansion transducer type temperature control valve
(e) Directional control valves
(Used in direct rotational diesel engines)
(i) Directional poppet valve
(Used in oil pump)
(ii) Directional spool valve
(Used in oil pump)
(iii) Directional flap valve
(Used in Air charging systems of 2-stroke supercharged diesel
engines)
(f) Bossmatic control valves
(i) Diaphragm operated, single seat on / off type bossmatic control valves
Tow-way bodied, Flange End, Air-fail Open type
Tow-way bodied, Flange End, Air-fail Close type
Three-way bodied, Flange End type
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Tow-way bodied, Screw End, Air-fail Open type

Two-way bodied, Screw End, Air-fail Close type
Three-way bodied, Screw End type
(ii) Diaphragm operated, single seat regulating type bossmatic control
valves
Three-way bodied, Flange End type
Tow-way bodied, Screw End, Air-fail Open type
Two-way bodied, Screw End, Air-fail Close type
Three-way bodied, Screw End type
(ii) Piston operated, single seat on/off type bossmatic control valves
Tow-way bodied, Flange End with Double Acting piston type
Three-way bodied, Flange End with spring return type
Three-way bodied, Flange End with Double Acting piston type
3. Solenoid valve
4. Fluid convert or mixing valves
(Used in foam type fire-extinguishing systems)
(a) 2-way bodied convert or mixing valve
(b) 3-way bodied convert or mixing valve
5. Fluid divert valves or change-over valves
(Used for diverting flow of fluid—fuel oil, lub-oil, air, steam or gas from one to
another way or ways)
(a) 2-way bodied divert valve
(b) 3-way bodied divert valve
(c) Divert or change-over valve chest
6. By-pass valve
(a) By-pass valve inlet
(b) By-pass valve outlet
7. Air valves
(Designated as Vent valves, bleed valves or purging valves; used in fluid handling
pumps, refrigeration systems, hydraulic steering gear, etc.)
(a) Single chamber air valve (SVA)
(b) Double chamber air valve (DAV)
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(c) High speed air valve (HSA)

8. Drain valves
(Used in fluid handling pumps or other services for cleaning or filtering)
(a) Tapper plug valve type drain valve
(b) Sluice or gate valve type drain valve
9. Snifting valve
10. Vacuum valve
11. Sampling valve
(Used for checking or testing. Fig. At page No. 70, 79, VELAN VALVES)
12. Suction valve
13. Foot valve
14. Blow-down valves
(a) Continuous blow-down valve with a venturi diffuser
(b) Boiler blow-down valve
15. Remote controlled quick closing valves (or q. c. valves)
(a) Single disk wedge gate type q. c. valve
(b) Twin disk parallel slide gate type q. c. valve
16. Fuel & oil fire valve
17. Emergency shut-down valve
(Used in air charging system for emergency shutting-down the diesel engine)
18. Post Indicator Valves (PlVs)
SEA VALVES
Fig. Sea valves
1. Sea chest
2. Main Sw CIRC p/ps (Main Sea water circulating pumps, port side)
3. REFRIG p/ps (Refrigeration pumps, port side)
4. GS/FIRE p/ps (General Service / Fire Fighting pumps, port side)
5. Ballast p/ps (Ballast pumps, port side)
6. Bilge p/ps (Bilge pumps, port side)
A. Sea chest valves
B. Inboard sea valves
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C. Outboard discharge valve

D. Overboard discharge valve
The valves, dealt in the ship are those at interface between the sea and the following fluid
handling systems of the ship, namely, sea chest valves and overboard discharge valves are
known as sea valves:
(a) Raw water cooling of propulsion engines, auxiliary engines and refrigeration plant;
(b) Cargo / ballast handling system of the oil tanker;
(c) Fire extinguishing systems;
(d) Bilge and ballast handling systems; and
(e) General using — washing, sanitation system, e.t.c.
The arrangements for both sea chest valves and overboard discharge valves are thus very
similar, the term ‘sea valves’ will apply to both unless otherwise specified. For any pair of
sea valves, the terms ‘outboard discharge valve’ and ‘inboard valve’ will be used to specify
the valves respectively nearer to and farther from the sea.
Sea Chest Valves

The sea chest valves are normally situated in the engine room near the sea chest of the sea
water piping system. In tanker, sea chest valves are situated in cargo pump room and are used
to control the intake discharge of ballast water. Depending on the system design, the setting
of other valves in the ship’s cargo/ballast handling system may permit sea chest valves to
used for the purpose to ballasting or (if permitted) deballasting by gravity.
Without exception, sea chest valves are duplicated. The two valves are in series with a run of
pipe between them which can vary in length from ship to ship depending upon detailed
design. Full port gate valves are used as sea chest valve.
Inboard valves are situated on the suction and discharge side of the pumps. Inboard valves
also situated on the discharge side of the cargo pumps are subjected to fluctuating pressures
up to or in excess of 14 kg/cm2, whereas valves on the suction side undergo substantlly less
pressure if the inboard valves are leaking or are not properly closed, the higher pressures will
be applied to the outboard valves. Normally globe valves are used as inboard valves to
regulate partially open operation. Gate valves and butterfly valves are not used for the
purpose. If inboard valves are needed to operate fully open operation, butterfly valves or gate
valves may be used.
Outboard Discharge Valves

Outboard discharge valves are above of water line of the ship at port side. In some ships
outboard valves are situated below the water line. Gate valves are the most frequently fitted
outboard valves; butterfly valves are used to a lesser extent, mostly with large diameter
piping.
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Overboard Discharge Valves

Overboard discharge valves are at a higher level in the ship on the discharge side of the cargo
pump or ballast pump and are the route for pumping ballast water to the sea. Normally the
overboard discharge valve is also duplicated by placing another valve in series with it
between the valve and the cargo of ballast pump. Butterfly valves or Gate valves are also
used as overboard discharge valves.
Bilge suction valve or Bilge injection valve

……………………….⇒
GATE VALVES
Gate valves are also designated as sluice valves, broadly used as main suction valves or main
valves and discharge valves in maximum fluid handling systems in a ship.
Fig. Weld end type gate valve Fig. Flange end type gate valve
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Fig. Gate valve operating

A gate valve comprises a wedge shaped or parallel gate shaped section fitting in to mating
slot formed within the valve body. Larger valves have replaceable seat rings and gate facings.
The gate is raised or lowered in a direction at right angle to the flow by rotation of thread
spindle (designated as stem or shaft) which can be either fixed or rising. The mating faces can
be of flexible type material. When the valve is open, the gate is raised from the slot clear of
the bore (or port), allowing flow through the valve. All gate valves are closed in clockwise
direction, and are equipped the square cap. Only the bevel gear type is furnished with round
handle. Avoid sudden opening or closing otherwise pulsation and water hammer may occur.
The flow control element of a gate valve (designated as gate, wedge, slide, disk or blade)
enters the fluid path from the side and traverses it until the fluid path is completely closed off,
stopping the flow. When the valve is open, the gate is entirely out of the fluid path. Thus flow
is straight line, with very little resistance from the valve.
To ensure tightness, some parallel gates are fitted with twin gates, dimensioned similarly to
the chest seats, separated by a spring.
Gate valves are used with flow in either direction. Unlike the globe valve, gate valves give
full bore flow without change of operation. They are commonly used where a maximum of
pressure drop is important because they offer practically no resistance to flow when fully
opened. Throttling is not recommended because partially open gate valves exhibit flow
characteristics not conductive to accurate and consistent flow control. Also the valves may be
damaged by the high velocity across the seats. They function best fully open or fully closed.
15
Fig. Gate valve
16
Fig. Knife Gate Valve Fig. O’ Port Knife Gate Valve Fig. Diamond Port knife Gate Valve
Fig. The gate valve operates at right angles to a flow either to close
or open a passageway to liquids.
17
When using in a location where a great differential pressure occurs across the valve, the valve
may be opened and closed smoothly by assembling a by-pass valve in the line. It is desired to
combine into a valve of large operation in particular. The size of the by-pass valve should be
1/10 or more of the master valve main body. A large force is required to open and close a
large valve. In such a cause, gear-operated type is recommended.
All gate valves is should be preferably mounted vertically. For side mounting or oblique
mounting special design gate valves are required.
There is little evidence of serious failure occurring with gate valves. They appear to be more
robust than other types of valve and are less susceptible to damage. This is largely because
the valve gate or disk is restricted out of the flow of liquid passing through the valve when it
is in the open position. The valves prone, however, to build-up of sludge or scale in the valve
seat, which can prevent the valve from closing properly.
Tests:
Gate valves are hydraulically tested at least with respect to the following items:-
Shell test: Working pressure plus 50%
Seat test: Maximum working pressure
As required, the small aperture (bore) valves may be tested at working pressure plus 100%
(for shell test) and 40% (for seat test), and the medium aperture (bore) valves, at working
pressure plus 80% (for shell test) and 20% (for seat test).
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GLOBE VALVES
Globe valves are also known as mushroom valves. In marine applications globe valves are
selected as regulating valves for any piping circuit (or fluid handling systems).
Fig. Conventional type Globe Valve
Fig. Conventional type Thread end Globe Valve
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Fig. Conventional type Flange end Globe valve
Fig. Non-Conventional type Globe Valve
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Fig. Non-Conventional type Globe Valve

A globe valve consists of a roughly spherical shaped body with an internal partition
containing an annular opening which is the valve aperture (port) and seat. Screw down plug
or disk arranged at right angles to the axis of the pipe. Here both seat and disk faces are
stellited and almost indestructible; alternatively, the seat may be renewable and screwed into
the valve chest or given a light interference fit and secured by a grub screw. The seatings may
be flat or more commonly mitred. The spindle or stem may have a ‘V’ or above the gland
house (stuffing box); if the latter it will in a removable or an integral bridge (Also known as
cap or cover or bonnet); either may be bushed. The stem (or spindle) may be fitted to the
valve disk (or lid) by a lock nut and button; others will be found in which the button locates
in a simple horseshoe. Leakage along the valve stem (or spindle or shaft) in prevented by a
gland house (or stuffing box), packed with suitable packing material and a gland. When the
valve is opened, disk or lid mounted on a threaded spindle is raised from the seat to allow
flow through the valve aperture (port). The flow is from below the valve seat, so that the
gland is always on the low pressure side when the valve is closed. In some types of globe
valves the disk must guided by wings or a stem on the underside for location or by a piston.
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Fig. Forge Steel Globe Valve
Fig. The globe valve is used primarily to control the flow of fluids in one direction.
22
Fig. Pressure Drop in globe valves

These valves are ideal for throttling service. Their flow characteristics permit accurate and
repeatable flow control. However, caution must be exercised to avoid extremely close
throttling when pressure drop across the valve exceeds 20% of inlet pressure. Closer
throttling, creating higher pressure drops may cause cavitaion or excessive velocities which
could cause high noise levels vibration and possible damage to the valve or adjacent piping.
All types of globe valves work in a optimum pressure and velocity with the unidirectional
flow of any fluid. If it will be reversed, the flow of fluids will be intrupted with the valve disk
and however valve stem may be bent or broken at the disk end. Otherwise the change in
direction of flow may give rise to give high pressure drops. For these reasons, cautionally
attention should be taken with the flow direction marks (“Arrow marks”) which are shown on
the outer surface of the valve bodies when the valves are situated on the piping circuits.
Due to their size limitations, the use of globe valves is mainly restricted to smaller ships. On
occasions at high flow rates the internals may become misaligned to disconnect from the stem
(or spindle), causing the valve to jam.
Note: 1.
Note: 2.
Generally, Gate valves are constructed with non-rising stem (NRS) but Globe valves are
constructed with rising stem (RS)
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TESTS:
Globe valves are hydraulically tested at least with respect to the following items:-
Shell test: Working pressure + 50%
Seat test: Maximum working pressure
As requirements, the small aperture (bore) valves may be tested at working pressure plus
100% (for shell test) and 40% (for seat test), and the medium aperture (bore) valves, at
working pressure plus 80% (for shell test) and 20% (for seat test).
ANGLE GLOBE VAVE
Fig. 120◦ Angle Globe Valve
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RIGHT ANGLE VAVE

When the body of globe valve is so formed as to change direction at 90° or right angle to the
axis of the pipe, the valve is referred as a right angle valve or angle valve. These valves are
normally used in bilge suction (as inboard bilge suction valve) or on the side of a pressure
vessel. The change in direction of flow may give rise to large pressure drops.
Fig. Right Angle valve
Fig. Full bore Right Angle valve
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BUTTERFLY VALVES
A butterfly valve consists basically of a disk pivoted across the bore of a ring body having the
same radial dimensions as the pipe in which it is fitted. The full-bore straight-through flow
arrangement of this type of valve, especially if combined with a carefully stream lined disk
profile, gives this type of valve excellent flow characteristics, minimal turbulence and low
pressure drop. All types of butterfly valves are easy to install in the pipe line at any altitude.
The three piece and five piece valves are ideal for applications where the medium is
aggressive and frequent maintenance is required as the design enables the body sections to be
removed without dismantling the surrounding pipework. The disk either presents its full face
to the direction of flow, in which case it is closed, or its end profile being rotated through 90◦,
in which case it is fully open. These works are done by quick-acting with low operating
torque, only a quarter turn is needed to fully open or close the valve. Butterfly valves are used
to lesser extent, mostly with large diameter piping. Sizes range from 6 mm to over 1000 mm
bore. These valves are not recommended where the flow velocity exceeds approximately
6m/sec. (20 ft/sec.). Butterfly valve is full-flow, bubble-tight shut-off in size. They are good
for on-off and throttling service and perform well when controlling large flow amounts of
liquids and gas. However, these valves do not normally create a tight seal and must be used in
low-pressure situation or where some leakage is permissible.
Flange end cadet type butterfly valve

1. Seat ring
2. Disc (as like a butterfly)
3. Operating hand wheel
4. Flange
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Butterfly valves are used with flow in either direction. Minimal flow loss when the valves are
fully opened. The valve step is fitted horizontally, in principle, but it may be also fitted
vertically. In larger valves, mounting legs can be attached. The valve disk should be closed
during valve piping work. All standard butterfly valves are closed in clockwise turning and
equipped with lever or round wheel. The fully open and fully closed positions are positively
stopped. Where square cap is provided or extension is needed, sudden opening or closing
should be avoided. Otherwise, pulsation and water hammer may occur. The drive unit for
opening and closing the valve is operated by cam. In large valves, bearings are used at both
sides of the stem and in the drive unit, and gears are coupled with the cam in order to
decrease the opening and closing torque. Because of good flow characteristics of butterfly
valves and the simplicity with which it can be opened or closed by remotely controlled
actuators.
Fig. Flangeless wafer gem type butterfly valve

1. Disc (as like a butterfly)
2. Operating handle
3. Valve casing or valve body
4. Seat ring
Provision for locking in various positions flow control butterfly valves are offered with many
advantages including full-flow, bubble-tight, shut-off, remote control on applications such as
water, air, gas, fuel and many chemical liquids. Typical applications in marine propulsion
plant are: ballast systems, bilge systems, cargo lines, cargo / ballast systems, sea chest
service, overboard and outboard discharge, sanitation line, air conditioning, air lines, brine
lines, compressors, condenser inlets, cooling tanks, discharge manifolds, evaporators,
filtrations, fire boats, heat exchangers, pump intake, raw water, storage tank, suction
manifold, water treatment e.t.c.
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Fig. Flangeless wafer gem type butterfly valve

Experimence with these valves is mixed. Failures have occurred due to the detachment and /
or scoring of the valve seats. Fractures of the valve stem is many of the transition from square
to round section have sometimes allowed the valve disk (or blade) to shut against the flow of
liquid. The bolts connecting the gear box to the main valve housing have also been known to
shear again causing the valve to shut against the flow of liquid. Such damage is more likely to
be happened a valve of very large diameter or on valves which are subjected to excessive
vibration. Instances have also been reported of pressure fluctuations causing the disk (or
blade) to move from its set position. Fig. No. …... Shows a butterfly valve
TESTS:
Butterfly valves are at least subjected to the following hydraulic tests in flow direction.
Shell test: Working pressure plus 50%
Disk test: Working pressure plus 50%
Seat test: Maximum working pressure.
As requirements, the small aperture (bore) valves may be tested at working pressure plus
100% (for shell test) and 40% (for seat test), and the medium aperture (bore) valves, at
working pressure plus 80% (for shell test) and 20% (for seat test).
28
Cadet Type Butterfly Valves: Have ‘Long’ face to face dimension.
Gem Type Butterfly Valves: Have ‘Short’ face to face dimension.
Flangeless Wafer Type Butterfly Valves:
For regulating or tight shut-off with flow in either direction. These valves sizes from 2″ to 8″.
Lever or gear box operated larger sizes up to 12″.
Maximum working pressure 150 lbf / Inch2 at 15◦ C to 70◦ C on air and gases.
FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
PRESSURE DROP-FLOWRATE
Cadet Butterfly Valves:
The graph below gives flow rates against pressure drop through a fully open valve for water
at 20◦ C (68◦ F).
…………………..Graph (page no. 12, CRANE BUTTERFLY VALVE)………………
Gem Butterfly Valves:

The graph below gives flow rates against pressure drop through a fully open valve for water
at 20◦ C (68◦ F).
…………………..Graph (page no. 13, CRANE BUTTERFLY VALVE)………………
TORQUE REQUIREMENTS
Torque plays an important part in the cost, operation and life span of butterfly valves. The
following explains why.
TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Bearing friction, seal or seating friction, and fluid dynamic effects on the disk are primary
factors in determining torque requirements for a butterfly valve. These are described below.
1. Bearing friction torque,
2. Seat friction torque,
3. Fluid dynamic torque and
4. Operating torques
29
Bearing friction torque:

Any unbalanced pressure across the butterfly valve disk places a direct load on the shaft
bearings. The projected area of the disk decreases with valve opening, thus bearing friction
varies from a maximum to a minimum as the disk rotates from the closed to the fully open
position.
Seat friction torque:
Seating friction is the maximum during the first few degrees of opening (or the last few
degrees of closing) and is the result of the valve disk edge action against the rubber seat. The
seating torque acts to oppose the rotation of the disk. The contact of the rubber seat around
the full periphery of the disk creates the bubble tight seal.
Fluid dynamic torque:
From the dynamic standpoint, a butterfly valve disk is torque balanced only when totally
closed or fully open. In all intermediate positions, a fluid dynamic torque is present because
the fluid velocity over the disk surface is always higher on the trailing edge of the disk than
on the leading edge. The torque acts in a valve “disk-closing” direction, tending to reach its
highest point at about 70◦ (degrees) open.
Operating torques:
Butterfly valves are designated to ensure operating torques is as low as possible thus
providing extended valve life.
Typical operating torques (lb-ft) at valve stem on liquid service at a pressure differential of
10 bar (150 lb / inch2) is given in the table below.
Size (mm) 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300
CADET FLAGELESS WAFER TYPE 7 10 12 24 43 60 120 210 310
GEM FLAGELESS WAFER TYPE 11 14 18 22 42 83 150 190 260
For torque figures in Nm (Newton meter) multiply by 1.36.
30
BALL VALVE
Ball valves are suitable for most manual on-off service (starting and stopping flow). A
comprehensive ball valve line to handle a wide variety of liquids and gases at low, medium
and high pressure they are not suitable for throttling because in the partially open position.
Sealing surfaces of the ball are exposed to abrasion by process fluids.
Fig. Hand wheel operated flange end ball valve
Fig. Hand wheel operated flange end ball valve

The flow control element of a ball valve is free floating or trunnion mounted ball with a
round hole through it. The ball is seated with a memory seal or metal seat. The ball rotates
about an axis that is perpendicular to the hole and to the fluid path. The ball is always in the
fluid path. However, when the valve is open the hole aligns with the fluid path, and the fluid
passes straight through it. Fig. No. .., shows a ball valve.
31
Fig. Duplex BaII

Small ball valves are operated with hand lever or hand wheel. For large valves manual gear
operators, electric or pneumatic operators are used. Manual gear operators are used on all
8″— 12″ valves which are not equipped with air or electric actuators (operators). They are
used on 3″ — 6″ valves where operating space is too small for lever handles. The actuators
are fully enclosed and a pointer indicates the position of the ball.
Hand lever Operated Manual Ball Valve

1. Body
2. Seat
3. Disc (Ball)
4. Handle (stem,
5. Stem
32
PLUG VALVE
The flow control element of a plug valve, the plug, is a cylinder or a truncated cone with a
hole through it. The plug rotates about an axis that is perpendicular to the hole and to the
fluid path. The plug is always in the fluid path. However, when the valve is open the hole
aligns with the fluid path, and the fluid passes straight through it. Because this valve is
symmetrical, either end can be the inlet, or thus flow can be from either direction through the
valve. The forms of control for which plug valve is suited for starting and stopping flow and
changing flow direction. Fig. No. … shows a plug valve.
Fig. Flange end plug valve

Plug valves have a wide variety of applications which include gas processing and
distribution, water supply and other central heating systems, sewage treatment; chemical
plant etc.
33
DIAPHRAM VALVE
Diaphragm valves are designed for application in the chemical, brewing or control
engineering fields. These valves are used in marine application primarily for low pressure
water (200 psi or less) services. They are especially suitable for systems containing
appreciable sand or other solids. The flow control element of a diaphragm valve is a flexible
membrane, called a diaphragm that is deformed to close the fluid path. The diaphragm lines
the side of the fluid path and is pushed across it until the diaphragm seats against the other
side of the fluid path, stopping the flow. The diaphragm isolates the operating mechanism in
the pipeline, ensuring purity of the line fluid and that the operating mechanism is not
corroded by the fluid. Fig. No. ..shows a diaphragm valve. (Fig. At page no. 14, BSS Special
purpose valves)
Fig. Diaphragm valve

flow suitable for working pressures up to 170 lbf /inch2 and temperatures from -30◦ C to
+120◦ C (20◦ F to 250◦ F). [Fig. At page no. 14, BSS Special purpose valves]
34
PINCH VALVE
These valves are particularly suitable for substances which are difficult for normal types of
valve such as food froducts, pastes, sludges, powders, liquid containing abrasives and
sewage. The standard ranges have diecast aluminium body with an integral cylindrical
moulded rubber sleeve, providing a straight full flow bore. In operation the sleeve is
flattened, on the center point by pinching between tube anvils, the sleeve is the only part of
the sleeve in contact with liquid or materials being dealt with. Maximum working pressure
100 lbf / inch2 for valves up to 4″ and 80 lbf / inch2 for 6″ size. Suitable for temperatures up
to 100◦ C when fitted with neoprene or nitrile sleeve and 60◦ C when fitted with natural
rubber. Not suitable for use on vacuum or partial vacuum service. (Fig. At page no. 14, BSS
Special purpose valves)
MUCON VALVE (OR FLEXIBLE SLEEVE VALVE)

The mucon valve will control free-floating materials and provide a seal around irregular
shaped objects. This type of valve has been extensively used by chemical trades and general
engineering.
The valve is made in sizes from 2″ to 2 4 ″ and consists of a flex ible sleeve attached to the
edge of a circular aperture through which the materials flows. This sleeve can be adjusted to
vary the orifice from full open to close by moving a lever which can be operated manually at
the valve or by remote control actuated manually, pneumatically or electrically. Constructed
in aluminium and bronze, but can be made in stainless steel or other materials. Sleeves are in
various materials to suit application and include Nylon, Linatex, Terylene, Rayon, and
Necprene.
SHUT-OFF VALVES
A shut-valve is another name for a check valve or non-return valve. It allows flow in one
direction only. Shut-off valves are automatically actuated. The check valve is a built-in
safeguard to prevent backflow. They are opened and sustained in the open position by the
force of velocity pressure, and closed by the force of gravity. Seating load and resultant
tightness is dependent upon back pressure. The disk and associated moving parts may be in a
constant state of movement if the velocity pressure is not sufficient to hold the valve in a
wide open and stable position. Premature wear and noisy operation or vibration of the
moving parts can be avoided by selecting the size of shut-off valve on the basis of flow
conditions.
Many kinds of shut-off valves are arranged in various pipe lines to prevent reverse flow (or
back flow).
Lifting Check Valves
Lifting check valves “check” flow. They let flow go one way and will not it reverse. The flow
control element of lifting check valve, which can be a disk, piston or ball, moves along the
axis of the fluid path. The force of the fluid causes the flow control element to unseat
automatically, opening and maintaining the fluid path the valve. If the flow stops, the weight
of the flow control element, an auxiliary spring, or both, causes the flow control element to
return to its seated, closed position. In the case of prevented reverse flow, the back-pressure
of the fluid assists in seating the flow control element and makes for a tighter seal.
35
Stop Check Valves

Stop check valves are either spring less or spring loaded piston type free-lifting check valve.
These valves are based on the globe valve. They are arranged without spindles, in which case
they are liquid operated and can not be shut off by hand. The valve disk in such a valve must
have some form of guide vane, wings, stem or a piston just above the disk end to keep it
concentric with the seat when open and to ensure it can reseat correctly when close.
Fig. Weld end Spring loaded lifting piston check valve
Fig. Y- type Spring loaded lifting piston check valve
36
Fig. Flange end Spring less free-lifting check valve (or Stop check valve)
Fig. Flange end Springless free-lifting check valve (port angle: 90°)
Stop check valves are fitted in the compartment sarved by a bilge suction line when the pipe
is nearer to the ship then 1/5 th (one fifth) of the ships breath. Such valves are intended to
prevent flooding of the compartment in the event of collision damage.
37
Norval Cone & Diaphragm Check Valves

The “Norval” cone and diaphragm check valve is silent in operation and with only minimal
pressure drop across the valve. Consisting basically of only two components, cone deflects
inwards when flow is in the right direction when there is a back pressure condition it assumes
its normal position covering the apertures in the cone and creating a dead-tight shut-off. (Fig.
At page no. 11, BSS Special purpose valves)
Screw-down Non-return Valve (or SDNR Valve)

These valves are also based on the globe and stop check valves. The type of valve having the
disk unattached to the screw lifting spindle is known as screw down non-return (SDNR)
valve. The disk also requires guide vanes or a stem or a piston as like as the stop check valve
to keep it concentric with the seat when open and to reseat correctly when close by screwing
the spindle. The greatest lift required is th (one quarter) of the bore, guides must be of a
greater length than the lift.
These valves are used for bilge systems to prevent back flooding. There are also used as feed
check and boiler stop valves.
Fig. Screw-down non-return (SDNR) valve
38
Swing Check Valve

Swing check valves are more common type of shut-off valves. It is also known as hinged flap
valves. Scupper pipes from accommodation spaces are also fitted with shut-off valves. These
scuppers from spaces below the bulkhead deck are required to be fitted with shut-off valves
which can be positively closed from above the bulkhead deck or if this not practical, two
another type shut-off valves; then a swing check valves are used. A swing check valve has a
hinged flap which is pushed open by out-ward flow and closed by its own weight. The flap
prevents inward passage of sea water.
Fig. Flange end swing check valve
Fig. Flange end swing check valve Fig. Weld end swing check valve
39
Fig. Swing check valve

The minimum velocity required holding a swing check valve in the wide open and stable
position has been developed by analysis of extensive text data and is expressed by the formulae:
1. Metric units:
V = 60
Where, V = flow velocity in meters per second and

= specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram
2. Imperial units:
V = 48
Where, V = flow velocity in feet per second and

= specific volume in cubic feet per pound
40
Fig. Swing check valve

1. Cover 5. Seat ring
2. Body 6. Face ring
3. Hinge shaft 7. Door
4. Shaft bearing
Fig. Swing check valve flow direction
41
Fig. Swing Check Valve

1. Valve Body 5. Disk (Control Element)
2. Bonnet or Cover 6. Hinge
3. Inlet Port 7. Hinge Pin
4. Outlet Port 8. Flyweight
Sizing swing check valves on this basis may often result in the use valves that are smaller
than the pipe in which they are used, necessitating the use of reducers for installation. The
pressure drop will be no greater than that of the larger valve that is only partially open, and
valve life will be greatly extended. The added bonus of course, is the lower cost of the
smaller valve.
There is no tendency for the seating surfaces of swing check valves to gall or scores, because
the disk meets the flat seat squarely without rubbing control upon closing.
Swing check valves are used to prevent reversal of flow in horizontal or vertical pipe lines. In
vertical lines, or for any angle from horizontal to vertical, they can be used for upward flow
only.
By installing a counterweight, sudden flow of fluid is prevented, so that phenomenon of
water hammer may be relaxed. By attaching a rubber piece to the disk seat, the valve excels
in air tightness and resists impact on the valve seat. The valve can be repaired easily by
removing the upper cover.
42
Fig. Tilting Check Valve
TESTS:
All valves are subjected to at least the following hydraulic tests.
Shell test: Working pressure plus 50%.
Seat test: Maximum working pressure.
As required, small aperture (bore) valves may be tested at working pressure plus 40% (for
seat test), and medium aperture (bore) valves at working pressure plus 80% (for shell test)
and plus 20% (for seat test).
PRESSDURE REGULATING VALVES

(OR PRESSURE REGUATORS)
These valves are designed for use on installations having varying inlet pressures and
capacities and which require dead-tight shut-off under no-flow conditions; or where steam,
air or gases are pilot-operated to ensure accurate control with fluctuating demand, giving a
tight shut-off on deadened; or simple applications where there are steady inlet pressures and
no great variations in capacity. (Fig. At page no. 4, BSS Special purpose valve)
43
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES

Excess pressure is avoided in pipe systems by the use of relief valves. These valves are
mounted on equipment that contains fluid pressure (e.g. boilers, pressure vessels, and air
receivers). They automatically open to relieve overpressure by the discharge of fluid, thereby
preventing violent equipment failure, subsequent damage to adjacent equipment, and possible
injury and loss of life. Pressure relief valves close and prevent the further discharge of fluid
when pressures in the equipment have been restored to normal.
Fig. Safety valve & Pressure relief valve Fig.Pressure relief valve
Under normal conditions a pressure relief valve should operate consistently within reasonable
limits of its set pressure. Incorrect function may be due to the setting, valve seat deposit or
damage. Pressure relief valve seats should be checked whenever the equipments or machines
are overhauled.
Selection of a valve of the correct size and loading is important since they have a narrow
pressure range.
There are two varieties of pressure relief valves:
(a) Safety valve and
(b) Relief valve
They are similar in design and operation but have different
Safety Valve
The safety valve is used with compressible fluids, these are gasses and vapors. A typical safety valve
is shown in Fig. No. --. The valve constants of a disk held closed by a spring loaded stem. Under
normal conditions, the fluid force on the bottom of the disk is balanced by the force of the spring. The
force acting on the bottom of disk will be increased if the fluid pressure increases. If the fluid force
acting on the bottom of disk is equal to the spring force, the disk begins to lift. The compressible fluid
then rapidly expands into what is commonly called a huddling chamber and acts on substantlly
44
larger disk area. The resulting increased force greatly overbalances the spring force and fully
opens the valve. With the valve open, the fluid discharges the rough the outlet into the
atmosphere or discharge piping until the fluid pressure in the equipment is reduced to a level
below the pressure at which the valve begin to open. The spring force is then adequate to
overcome the fluid force on the disk and close the valve. The spring compression can be
adjusted to enable the valve to open at the appropriate pressure.
Fig. Ordinary spring-loaded Steam safety valve
45
Fig. Improved high-lift Steam safety valve
Relief Valve
The relief valve is used with incompressible fluids, which are liquids. A typical relief valve is
in Fig. Its operation is similar to that if the safety valve. Construction of the relief valve is
simpler than the safety valve. It does not have a huddling chamber
Fig. Relief valve
46
or adjusting rings, and separate nozzles and levers are uncommon. As in the safety valve,
when the disk lifts off the seat, a larger disk increased opening force; however, there is no
such mechanism in relief valve, so that rapid fluid expansion and subsequent full opening do
not occur. The amount of opening of the relief valve is directly proportional to the increase in
pressure over the opening pressure.
Pressure Reducing Valves
Fig. Pilot-Operated Pressure Reducing Valve
47
Fig. Diaphragm Actuator Pressure Reducing Valve
48
Fig. Self-contained Diaphragm Pressure Reducing Valve
Fig. Differential Pressure Reducing Valve
49
Fig. Steam Differential Pressure Reducing Valve
50
Fig. Pilot Operated Pressure Reducing Valve
51
Fig. Diaphragm Actuator Pressure Reducing Val;ve
52
CHANGE-OVER VALVE CHESTS
Fig. 2-valve change-over chest for oil and ballast suctions as arranged when filling or
discharging ballast ------→
AIR VALVES
A valve that performs automatically let air out of or into a liquid-carrying pipe when the
internal pressure drops below atmospheric.
The air valves are used to discharge the air in the pipe to the atmosphere when sending water
in the piping. In particular, when the pipe line is complicated or long, by discharging the air
pressure in water feed piping is lowered so that the water may be passed easily.
Single Chamber Air Valves (SAV)
Generally these are used in piping of small diameter. Either a valve cock is provided beneath
the body, or the valve is directly joined with flange. In the former type, repairing or replacing
of the valve is easier.
Double Chamber Air Valve (DAV)
They are generally used in larger pipes. A screw-down valve is incorporated in the valve. By
shutting the screw-down valve, the parts at both sides can be easily repaired or repl
53
High Speed Air Valve (HAS)

The structure is the combination of the two valves above. The high speed air chamber valves
can be directly connected to the pipe line, but the servicing of the valves may be made easier
by placing other valve between the air valve flange and the water feed pipe line in valves.
TESTS:
All kinds of air valves are hydraulically tested at least as follows:-
Test pressure: Working pressure + 50%
Post Indicator Valves (PlVs)

Post Indicator Valves (PlVs) shall be installed in firewater mains. Post indicator valves shall
be properly protected against mechanical damage where needed. Requirements of PlVs are
described as follows: Post indicator assembly shall have indicator post having an open and
shut indicator. The vertical indicator post shall be mounted to the gate valve and set for the
corresponding number of turns required to open or shut the valve. Gate valve shall be non-
rising stem (NRS) with cm square wrench nut and indicator mounting plate with ductile
iron body and rated for bar (g).
Diverter Valve
54
Quick Closing Valve (q. c. valve)
Control valves
Fig. Example of diaphragm operated control valves (Fisher Control Valves Ltd.)
(a) direct acting; (c) balanced trim. Design ED
(b) reverse acting; (d) Design EC with full-capacity standard vatve plug for viscous
fluids
55
Fig. Control Valve with Pneumatic Actuator
56
Fig. Control Valve with Pneumatic Actuator & Positioner
57
Fig. Pneumatic Control valve
58
Fig. Pilot-Operated Temperature Control Valve
59
Foot Valve
60
Fig. Flange gasket
61
Fig. Asbestos Gland packing
Fig. Asbestos with graphite Gland packing
62
Fig. Gland packing cutting process
Fig. Packing Cutting Knife
Fig. Gland packing after Cut
63
Common Symbols
Pipe fittings
Fig. Mud box
64
Fig. Single strainers for (left) high pressure water, steam or oil service and (right) low
pressure water or oil service
Fig. Steam-line expansion arrangements

(a) Expansion loop
65
Fig. Bellows type expansion fitting
Fig. Tie rod expansion joint Fig. Expansion bellows piece
Pipes, flanges and pipe fittings standards

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
A Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe
A Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe
A Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged
Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
A Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for
Moderate and Elevated Temperatures
A Standard Specification for Ductile lron Casting
A Specification for Black and Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded and
Seamless Steel Pipe for Fire Protection Use
D Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the Tag Closed Tester
D Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the Pensky-Martens Closed Tester
D Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products
66
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

B Cast lron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B Malleable lron Threaded Fittings, Class O and OO
B Cast lron Threaded Fittings, Class and O
B Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
B Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttweld Fittings
B Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welded and Threaded
B Buttwelding Ends for Pipe, Valves, Flanges, and Fittings
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

B OM Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B M Stainless Steel Pipe
The End
67

Cocks & Valves For Marine Installation by - Md. Mazharul Anwar

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Cocks & Valves For Marine Installation by - Md. Mazharul Anwar

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COCKS & VALVES

MD. MAZAHARUL ANWAR

Regulating or throttling flow

Preventing back flow (or reverse flow)

Changing flow direction

Relieving or limiting fluid pressure

Regulating fluid pressure

Regulating fluid temperature

(n) Thread end type gate valve

(iii) Conventional port (bore) right angle globe valve

(h) Round port plug valve

Spring piston type free-lifting shut-off valve

Sleeve type mixing valve

Tow-way bodied, Screw End, Air-fail Open type

(c) High speed air valve (HSA)

C. Outboard discharge valve

Sea Chest Valves

Outboard Discharge Valves

Overboard Discharge Valves

Bilge suction valve or Bilge injection valve

Fig. Gate valve operating

Fig. Gate valve

Fig. Conventional type Globe Valve

Fig. Conventional type Thread end Globe Valve

Fig. Conventional type Flange end Globe valve

Fig. Non-Conventional type Globe Valve

Fig. Non-Conventional type Globe Valve

Fig. Forge Steel Globe Valve

Fig. Pressure Drop in globe valves

ANGLE GLOBE VAVE

Fig. 120◦ Angle Globe Valve

RIGHT ANGLE VAVE

Fig. Right Angle valve

Fig. Full bore Right Angle valve

Flange end cadet type butterfly valve

Fig. Flangeless wafer gem type butterfly valve

Fig. Flangeless wafer gem type butterfly valve

Cadet Type Butterfly Valves: Have ‘Long’ face to face dimension.

Gem Type Butterfly Valves: Have ‘Short’ face to face dimension.

Flangeless Wafer Type Butterfly Valves:

Gem Butterfly Valves:

Bearing friction torque:

Size (mm) 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300

CADET FLAGELESS WAFER TYPE 7 10 12 24 43 60 120 210 310

GEM FLAGELESS WAFER TYPE 11 14 18 22 42 83 150 190 260

For torque figures in Nm (Newton meter) multiply by 1.36.

Fig. Hand wheel operated flange end ball valve

Fig. Hand wheel operated flange end ball valve

Fig. Duplex BaII

Hand lever Operated Manual Ball Valve

Fig. Flange end plug valve

Fig. Diaphragm valve

MUCON VALVE (OR FLEXIBLE SLEEVE VALVE)

Stop Check Valves

Fig. Weld end Spring loaded lifting piston check valve

Fig. Y- type Spring loaded lifting piston check valve

Norval Cone & Diaphragm Check Valves

Screw-down Non-return Valve (or SDNR Valve)

greater length than the lift.

Fig. Screw-down non-return (SDNR) valve

Swing Check Valve

Fig. Flange end swing check valve

Fig. Swing check valve