CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this work titled Students’ Industrial Work Experience
Scheme (SIWES) was undertaken at FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL
RESEARCH OSHODI (FIIRO) by OLUWEMIMO OLUWAPELUMI PAUL with
student matriculation number F/ND/21/3110004 and presented to the Department
of Agriculture and Bio-environmental Engineering, Yaba College of technology,
Lagos, Nigeria during the 2022/2023 Students’ Industrial Work Experience
Scheme (SIWES).

_______________________ _______________________

Engr. Oyegoke O O Date

SIWES Coordinator
Department of Agriculture and Bio-Environmental Engineering

_______________________ _______________________

Engr. Patrick Dickson. O Date

Head of Department
Department of Agriculture and Bio-Environmental Engineering

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 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to the Almighty God, also to my parents without whose
caring support, it would not have been possible.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Deepest acknowledgement and gratitude goes out to God for his gift of life and
strength that made it possible for me to successfully complete my SIWES in this
reputable organization.

My profound appreciation goes out to the Head of Department, of Agriculture and

Bio-environmental Engineering, Engr. Patrick Dickson

I want to thank specially the members of the academic and non-academic staff of
this great institution, Yaba College of Technology. Many thanks to all my lecturers
at the Department of Agriculture and Bio-environmental Engineering, God bless
you all.

Finally, I will forever be grateful to my parents, siblings and colleagues for their
constant encouragement, moral support and good-natured forbearance without
which this assignment would not be possible, and for their priceless support and
advice in every area during my industrial training, God bless you all.

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 ABSTRACT

The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a scheme that was
established by ITF (Industrial Training Fund) in 1973 to expose National Diploma
(ND2) Engineering Students of tertiary institution to acquisition of skills relevant
to their course of study as well as Industrial experience in the place of work.

My 2022/2023 SIWES 4 months SIWES was undertaken at FIIRO Road, (Via

Capa Bus-Stop), Off Agege Motor Road, Oshodi.

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1.0 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was initiated in October 8, 1973 by
the Industrial Training Fund (ITF), the Student Industrial Work Experience (SIWES) gives
opportunity for students to go on a Skill Acquisition or Work Experience program in an Industry
that relate to their field of study in order to update practical knowledge of students in the
Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Technology. It was aimed at bridging the gap between
the theoretical knowledge acquired in classes and technical knowledge in the industry by
providing students with the opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in real work
situations.
With the primary purpose of gaining relevant skills required from an engineering graduate and to
secondary purpose of fulfilling the major requirement for the award of Bachelor of Engineering
degree, I undertook my SIWES at FIIRO which is located at Ikeja Oshodi, Lagos from February
2023 to April 2023.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The Industrial Training Fund’s Policy Document No. 1 of 1973 which established SIWES
outlined the objectives of the scheme. The objectives of the Students Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) are:
Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial skills and
experience during their courses of study.
Prepare students for industrial work situations that they are likely to meet after graduation.
Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery that
may not be available in their institutions.
Make the transition from school to the world of work easier and enhance students‟ contacts for
later job placements.
Provide students with the opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in real work
situations, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.

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6
2.0 CHAPTER TWO

2.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW

FEDERAL ISTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH OSHODI (FIIRO) is a parastatal under

the agency of the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology. FIIRO was the ideal of an
economic mission sent to Nigeria in 1953 by the World Bank. The mission observation was that
industrial research activities in Nigeria were diffused and uncoordinated with no definite
direction. Consequently a decision was reached to set the institute in 1956.

The vision statement of FIIRO is to be the foremost center of science and technology-based
research and development for the industrialization and social economic advancement of the
nation. The mission statement is to conduct and promote market driven research and
development(R$D) for the industrialization and socio-economic development of the country.

FIIRO is headed by a Director General (DG) by name Dr. Jummai A. Tutuwa. There are
different department in FIIRO which includes:

 Finance and Account Department

 Extension and Linkage Department
 Project Development and Design Department
 Food Technology Department
 Human Resources Management Department
 Chemical, Fiber and Environmental Technology department
 Biotechnology Department
 Planning, Technology Transfer and Information Management Department
 Production, Analytical and Laboratory Management Department

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3.0 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

I was assigned to the Project Development and Design (PDD) Department which consist of other
sub-unit, which are;

 Fabrication Technology
 Materials Development and Metallurgy
 Project and Process Development
 Prototype Equipment Design and Specification
 Works and Services
 Machine Workshop
 Foundry
 Electroplating


3.2 FABRICATION UNIT

The first department I was posted to is the FABRICATION UNIT

Fabrication is the construction of items from different parts using at least one of a range of
processes and materials such as metal, laminate, wood, and other solid surface materials.

PROCESS INVOLVED IN FABRICATION

 Marking out
 Cutting
 Bending
 Welding
 Assembling
 Punching
 Stamping
 Casting
 Extrusion
 Forging

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 Milling
 Drilling
 Polishing
 Turning
 Die casting

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3.3 HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIROMENT {HSE}

This refers to a branch or department within a company that is responsible for the observation
and protection of occupational health and safety rules and regulations along with environmental
protection.
Health according to the World Health Organization is a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well- being and not merely the absence of diseases and infirmity.
Safety refers to the condition of being protected from the cause of danger, risk or injury…

Main Causes of Accident

 Unsafe Act
 Unsafe condition

UNSAFE ACT; can be defined as an employee ignoring the prescribe safety standard or
company policy. Examples are:
 Poor house keeping
 Unguided machinery
 Loosed electrical connections
 Presence of poisonous materials
 Slippery or damaged working floor
 Wrong placing of equipment
 Rough play in the factory or workshop
 Working on a moving machine

UNSAFE CONDITIONS; can be defined as a workplace environment leaks to waters that may
or may not be Identified such as, biological, chemical, electrical, environmental, mechanical and
physical conditions..
Examples are:
 Presence of toxic gases
 Inadequate illumination

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 Oxygen deficiency
 Damaged tools
 Poor house keeping
 Poor spacing of equipment
 Non availability of PPE {personal protective equipment}

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3.4 TOOLS USED IN FABRICATION WORKS
 Hammer
 Chisel
 Spanner
 Riveting gun
 Pliers
 Screw driver
 Drill bits
 Hack Saw
 Snip

Hacksaw Hammer

Rivet gun Plier

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3.5 Materials Used in Fabrication
 MILD STEEL; it's an iron alloy with carbon has its main alloying elements...It is one of the
most widely used form of steel and can be applied to a range of general purpose
application...Mild steel has a dark, dull colour or a reddish brown colour because it corrodes
easily due to the presence of iron (Fe) particles when exposed to oxygen and moisture (e.g.
humidity, vapour)
PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL
 High tensile strength
 High impact strength
 Good ductility and weldability
 Magnetic metal due to its ferrite content
 Good malleability with cold forming possibilities

USES OF MILD STEEL

 Automobile
 Furniture
 Nail

GALVANIZED STEEL; is obtained by applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron to

prevent rusting. Mostly the part are coated by submerging them in a bath of hot molting zinc.

PROPERTIES OF GALVANIZED STEEL

 Durability
 Weldability
 Abrasion resistance

USES OF GALVANIZED STEEL

 Used to make galvanized pipe and wire
 Galvanized steel frames are used to build houses
 Used in high tension electrical towers

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STAINLESS STEEL; It's an alloy of iron and carbon. This contains at least 10.5% chromium,
less than 1.2% carbon and other alloy element... Stainless steel is an alloy of iron that is resistant
to rusting and corrosion.

PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL

 Corrosion resistant
 High tensile strength
 Temperature resistant
 Attractive appearance

USES OF STAINLESS STEEL

 Culinary uses
 Surgical tools
 Cutlery
ALUMINUM; this is a silvery-white, light weight metal. Aluminum (Al) is a metal of group
13(or boron group) of the periodic table. Aluminum is the most abundant metallic element in
earth crust and the most widely used nonferrous metal

PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM
 High thermal conductivity
 Non magnetic
 Corrosion resistant

USES OF ALUMINUM

 For making overhead electric cables

 For packaging material
 For making cooking utensils

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3.6 MARKING OUT

Marking out or lay out means process of transferring a design or pattern to a work piece, it is the
first step in manufacturing processing.

TOOLS USED FOR MARKING OUT

 Steel rule
 Try-square
 Scriber
 Center punch

Try-square Set square

3.7 CUTTING PROCESS IN FABRICATION

Cutting is a process that involves using tools to remove sections of the sheet metal. Cutting
maybe considered as "To Divide or To Sever". It's San important operation in producing sheet to
size, removing waste material, making wield joint preparation and to remove defect.

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3.8 BENDING OPERATION IN FABRICATION
Bending is a fabrication process that reduces a V shape, U shape or Channel shape along a
straight axis in ductile material, most commonly sheet metal.

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 BENDING MACHINE

3.9 WELDING

Welding is a fabrication process whereby two or more parts are fused together by means of heat,
pressure or both forming a join as the parts cool. Welding is usually used on metals and
thermoplastic but can also be used on wood. The parts that are joined are known as PARENT
MATERIAL while the material added to form the join is called FILLER OR CONSUMABLE.
Consumable chosen must be similar in composition to the parents material...

ARC WELDING
Arc welding is a type of welding process using an electric arc to create heat to melt and join
metals. Arc welding machine is a device that is used for fusing metals. The machine has two
parts; Earth and Thong. The Thong hold the electrode and the electrode comes in different sizes.
Positive voltage is applied to the electrode while negative voltage is applied to the base
material...

ARC WELDING MACHINE WELDING OPERATION

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3.1.0 MACHINE USED IN FABRICATION
 Bending machine; a bending machine is a forming machine tool. It's purpose it's to assemble
a bend on a work piece. Metal pieces are first fixed on the clamping device that holds them
during the entire operation. Bending machine bends at angle 30,60, and 90°..
 Rolling machine; a rolling machine is a machine used to roll different kinds of sheet metal
into a round or conical shape. It can also be called a plate rolling machine, plate bending
machine or rolling bending machine.

ROLLING MACHINE

 Hydraulic Press; is a machine press that uses the hydraulic cylinder to generate a
compressive force or pressure. It is a machine tool that changes the shape of a work
 piece by the application of pressure

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 HYDRAULIC PRESS MANUAL PRESS

 Guillotine machine; is an apparatus designed for efficiently cutting sheet metals. They
are designed to cut metal sheet into smaller, more manageable sheet, which are then
further processed so that they can serve as part of some integral machine component..

GUILLOTINE MACHINE
 Nibbling Machine; also known as dies is a manufacturing machine for punching and
processing sheet metal work piece from steel plate. It is majorly used to make vent..

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 NIBBLING MACHINE

4.0 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 PROCEDURE OF FABRICATING PIGGYBANK (KOLO)

 I got a piece of mild steel sheet metal
 I measured a length of 180mm and a breadth of 300mm
 I used guillotine machine to cut the required length of sheet metal
 I bisected the length and breadth into two equal halves (i.e length is 90mm breadth 150mm).
 I used the bending machine to bend the sheet metal at angle 90°
 I produced the other half of the sheet metal following same procedures
 I produced the upper and the base using length 90mm sand breadth 150mm, cut out using the
guillotine machine
 I joined the required part using the arc welding
machine.

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 METALLIC PIGGY BANK

4.2 MACHINE COMPONENT

 Shaft; a shaft is a component of a circular cross section that rotates and transmits power from
a driving device such as a motor or engine through a machine. Shaft can carry gears, pulley
and sprocket to transmit rotary motion and power via mating gears, belts and chains.
 Pulley; a pulley is a wheel that carries a flexible rope, cord, cable, chain, or belts on its rim.
 Sprocket; is a profiled wheel with teeth that mesh with a chain, track, or other perforated or
indented material. It transmit power to convey materials by engaging with roller or conveyor
chains.
 Bearing; is a machine element that constrains relative motion and reduces friction between
moving parts. Most bearing facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction.
 Chain; is a type of mechanical power transmission system that transmit power from one
place to another. One of the main advantage of a chain over a belt is that a chain maintains a
constant speed ratio due to its zero slip friction

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 Gears; is a kind of machine element in which teeeths are cut around cylindrical or cone
shaped surfaces with equal spacing. They transmit rotation and force from the driving shaft
to the driven shaft.
 Electric Motor; an electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy to
mechanical energy. It can be powered by direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC).
Most electric motor operates through the interaction between the motors magnetic field and
electric current in a wire wilding in the form of torqued applied on the motion shaft..

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4.3 CASSAVA PROCESSING

The cassava pilot processing plant department is saddled with the responsibility of using cassava
to produce various food products such as cassava flour, garri, cassava short bread, cassava
macaroni noodles etc.

Research evidence at FIIRO has shown that cassava flour can be incorporated into wheat flour
for bread making at different levels of substitution, 10-15% being the most acceptable for bread
making, while 15-20% is acceptable for confectionaries and other baked products.

Cassava are heat sensitive products, some do not undergo fermentation. There are two types of
cassava flour: the fermented cassava flour (Lafu) and the unfermented cassava flour (high quality
cassava flour) which can be used as an alternative for starch and other imported materials such as
wheat flour etc. one of the most important equipment in the production of high quality cassava
flour is the flash dryer or pneumatic dryer

Cassava Press

4.4 PULVERIZER

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Pulverizers are mechanical devices used for crushing, pulverizing and grinding a wide variety of
materials to varying finesse. They are generally sorted into three (3) main categories;

i. The crushers: these are designed to reduce the size of large, dense material such as
rock and stone to gravel or dust.
ii. The impactors: they are quiet like the crushers, except that they reduce materials
differently by the use of impaction i.e. a process that transmit force via collision.
iii. The grinding mill: they break down materials using friction, which they generate via
grinding media. The most utilized types of grinding mill are hammer mills and ball
mills.

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4.5 Palm Wine Production
Procedures involved in palm wine production are;
 Get the raw palm wine (sap) from the source (i.e palm wine tree)
 Put the palm wine into kegs and transfer into big basins in order to achieve even taste or
neutral taste (if the palm wine is gotten from different palm wine trees). Neutralization helps
to get a uniform a taste and to preserve the shelf life of the palm wine.
 Add additive (sodium methabisulfate) which serves as a preservative and then leave to
ferment. The additive must first be mixed with warm water in a beaker to form a solution.
The sodium methabisulfate used is 7.1g to 100 liters of palm wine.
 Add 11 brix of sugar. The sugar level is measured using a refractometer.
 Leave to ferment till a sparkling white colour comes out and remove the foaming substance.

Bottling of the palm wine

The fermented palm wine is sieved to remove impurities and manually poured into cleaned
bottles and corked using a corking machine.

Pasteurizering the palm wine

Water was poured into the pasteurizer and heated to 80 oC. Then the corked bottles was put in and
allowed to rest for some times. Oil was rubbed on the bottle cover to prevent rusting.

Packaging of the palm wine

The palm wine was allowed to cool down after which the label was pasted on the bottle using
cold water starch.

Machines used in the production of palm wine

 Corking machine: the corking machine works by passing a cap and bottle between different
sets of spinning disc or spindle. The spinning disc will transmit the rotary motion to the cap.

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 Pasteurizer: this is a machine used for food preservation in which the palm wine is
treated with mild heat, usually less than 100 oC to eliminate pathogens and extension life.
It uses either gas or electricity.

PASTEURIZER DOWN VIEW Bottled palm wine in the pasteurizer

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Palm wine in a bowl

CONCLUSION
The SIWES training has given me a broader view to the importance and relevance of
Agricultural and Bio resources Engineering in the immediate and the world as a whole as I now
look forward to impacting it positively. I have also been able to appreciate the connection
between my course of study and other disciplines in producing a successful result.

CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED DURNING THE PROGRAM

1.

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