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10 Stalking Victims

11 Victims of Rape and Sexual Assault

12 Elder Abuse Victims

13 Homicide: Victims, Their Families, and the

Community

14 Hate Crimes

15 Victims of Social Media

16 Victims of Cybercrime

17 Other Forms of Victimization

18 Forensic Victimology and Investigative Profiling

 © Peyker/Shutterstock.

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author

CHAPTER 1
Crime and Victimology
Introduction
Discipline of Victimology
Victims of Violent Crime in the Media
Murdered Children
Professionals as Victims
Victims of Revenge
Victims of Workplace Violence
Who Is a Victim?
Defining the “Victim”
Victims of Personal and Property Crime
 Beyond Criminal Victimization: Victims of
“Noncriminal” Harms
Trends in Crime and Victimization
Costs and Consequences of Crime
Health-Related Costs
Direct Financial Costs
Intangible Costs
Criminal Justice Costs

CHAPTER 2
Measurement of Crime and Victimization
Introduction
Uniform Crime Reports
UCR Data Collection
National Incident-Based Reporting System
UCR Canada
Challenges in the Measurement of Crime
Definitional Challenges
Reporting Challenges
Challenges Related to Policing Practices
National Prisoner Statistics Program
NPS Data Collection
Adult Criminal Court Survey
Challenges in Measuring Crime with Prisoner Data
Victimization Surveys
Victim Survey Methods
Generations of Victim Surveys
National Crime Victimization Survey
Data Collection for the NCVS
NCVS Summary Findings for 2015
National Family Violence Survey
 Canadian General Social Survey
British Crime Survey
International Crime Victims Survey
Challenges in Measuring Victimization
Challenges Related to Sampling
Challenges Related to Victim Responses
Challenges Related to Interpretation of Data

CHAPTER 3
Theories of Victimization
Introduction
History of Victimology and Theory Development
Victim-Based Theories
Interactional Theories
Societal-Based Theories of Victimology
Ecological Theory
Case Analysis Using Victimology Theories
Analysis

CHAPTER 4
Victim Rights and Services
Introduction
Victims' Rights Movement
Restitution
Victims' Compensation
Eligibility for Compensation
Costs of Victim Compensation
Innovative Compensation Laws
9/11 U.S. Compensation Fund
Restorative Justice
Victims' Rights and the Courts
 Victim Impact Statements
National Victim Information and Notification Everyday
Program
Services for Victims
Women's Movement and Services for Rape Victims
Domestic Violence and Intimate Partner Violence
Services
Comprehensive Continuum of Services for Crime
Victims
Evaluating Victim Assistance Programs
Code of Ethics for Victim Services
Psychological Response to Victimization
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Treatment Interventions
Roberts's Crisis Intervention Model
Treatment Models

CHAPTER 5
Justice Systems
Introduction
Evolution of Laws
Historical Perspective
Greek Mythology
Urukagina
Code of Ur-Nammu
Code of Hammurabi
Mosaic Law
Roman Law
Code of Justinian
Feudalism
English Common Law
Contemporary Codes and Laws
Concepts Related to Justice and Alternative Forms of
Justice
Retributive Justice
Utilitarian Justice
Distributive Justice
Restorative Justice
Criminal Law
Levels of the U.S. Court System
Canadian Court System
Entering the Criminal Justice System
Reporting the Crime: Interactions with the Police
Pressing Charges
Pretrial
Preliminary Hearing
Grand Jury
Plea Bargain
Suppression Hearings and Change of Plea Hearings
Criminal Justice Trials
Civil Commitments for Sex Offenders
Other Postconviction Hearings
Casey Anthony's Trial and Acquittal
Sentencing
Correctional System
Impact of Trials on Juries
Restitution
Parole Hearings
O.J. Simpson's Parole Hearing
Capital Punishment and Death Penalty Cases
Early Roots of Capital Punishment
Capital Punishment in America
Death Penalty Case
Critical Issues in the Criminal Justice System
 Period from Arrest to Pretrial Detention
Reintegration of the Incarcerated into Society
Probation
Civil Justice System
Civil Procedures
Process for a Civil Claim
Third-Party Liability
Considerations for Pursuing Civil Justice
Statutes of Limitations
The Juvenile Justice System

CHAPTER 6
Child Abuse and Neglect
Introduction
Scope of the Problem
National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System
National Incidence Study
Canadian Incidence Child Abuse Statistics
Legislative Framework
Mandated Reporting
Role of Child Protective Services
Child Fatality Review Boards
Typology of Child Maltreatment
Neglect
Physical Abuse
Child Sexual Abuse
Psychological Maltreatment
Fetal Death
Theories of Child Maltreatment
Intergenerational Transmission of Violence
Social Learning Theory
Ecological Theory
 Psychopathology
Attention to Prevention
Dynamics of Disclosure in Child Abuse
Effects of Traumatic Events on Children
Developmental Traumatology
Children with Developmental Disabilities
Epidemiological Approaches to the Study of Child
Maltreatment
Complex Child Trauma
Causes of Complex Trauma
Case of Complex Trauma
Diagnostic Considerations
Suicidal Impulses and Violence Against Others
Case of Matricide
Treatment for Child Victims
Crisis Intervention
Individual Treatment for Children

CHAPTER 7
Child Abduction and Exploitation
Introduction
Scope of the Problem
Legal Framework
Child Abduction and Murder
Child Trafficking and Child Prostitution
Infant Abduction
Fetal Abduction
Infant Abduction
Missing Children
Family Abductions
Nonfamily Abduction
 Thrownaways /Runaways
Lost, Injured, or Otherwise Missing Children
AMBER Alert
Child Labor
Child Trafficking
Child Prostitution
Making of Teenage Prostitutes
Typologies of Sex Offenders of Children
Coerced Versus Forced
Situational Predators Versus Preferential Predators
High Contact Versus Low Contact Offenders
Case of a Preferential Child Molester/Spree Crime and
Multiple Victims

CHAPTER 8
School Violence
Introduction
Scope of the Problem
Legislation Addressing School Violence
Bullying
Types of Bullying
Factors Contributing to Bullying
Cyberbullying
Effects of Bullying
Managing and Preventing Bullying
School Bullying Climate
Gang Violence in Schools
Youth Gang Participation
Gang Violence
Victims of Gang Violence
Addressing Gang Violence in Schools
Teachers as Victims of School Violence
 School Shootings
Columbine
A Note on Frequency
Indications and Threats of Violence
Effects of School Shooting

CHAPTER 9
Intimate Partner Violence
Introduction
Scope of the Problem
Dating Violence
Legal Responses to IPV
Effects of IPV on Victims
Barriers to Disclosing and Ending Abuse
IPV in LGBT Relationships
Child Witnesses of IPV
Continuum of Intimate Violence
Batterer Typologies
Intersections Between Batterer Typologies and the
Continuum of Violence
Partner Homicides
Honor Killings
Battered Woman Syndrome Defense
Intervention Programs in IPV
Interventions for Victims of IPV
Interventions for Child Witnesses
Interventions for Offenders

CHAPTER 10
Stalking Victims
Introduction
 Scope of the Problem
Stalking Laws
Typology of Stalking
Celebrity Stalkers
Erotomanic Stalkers
Stalking as an Extension of Domestic Violence
Sexually Sadistic Stalkers
Effects of Stalking on Victims
Safety Strategies for Victims
Court Appeals of Stalking Convictions
Threat Assessment of Stalkers
Treatment of Stalkers

CHAPTER 11
Victims of Rape and Sexual Assault
Introduction
Scope of the Problem
Subpopulations of Victims
Legislative Framework
Rape Shield Laws
Title IX
Typologies of Rape and Sexual Assault
Incest
Statutory Rape
Marital Rape
Acquaintance Rape
Sexual Homicide
Rape Myths
Dynamics of Reporting Rape
Nonreporting
Typology of Sexual Trauma
 Rape: Sex Without the Victim's Consent
Pressured Sex: Inability to Consent
Sex Stress Situation: Sex with Initial Consent
Workplace Harassment
Psychological Impact of Sexual Assault
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Classifying Rapists
Early Research
Theory of Interpersonal Aggression
Exploitative Rape
Anger Rape
Sadistic Rape
Sexual Predators in the Community
False Allegations of Rape and Sexual Assault
Potential Consequences of a False Allegation
Difficulty of Measuring Rates of False Allegations of
Rape
Reasons for False Allegations of Rape
Care for Victims of Sexual Violence
National Sexual Violence Resource Center

CHAPTER 12
Elder Abuse Victims
Introduction
Scope of the Problem
Elder Abuse Legislation
Types of Elder Abuse
Physical Abuse
Neglect
Sexual Abuse
Psychological Abuse
Financial Abuse
 Categories of Abusive Situations
Spousal Violence as Elder Abuse
Abuse by Adult Children and Relatives
Institutionally Based Abuse
Societal Neglect
Sexual Assault
Assessment of Elder Abuse
Interventions
Prevention Programs
Adult Protection Programs
Domestic Violence Programs

CHAPTER 13
Homicide: Victims, Their Families, and the
Community
Introduction
Scope of the Problem
Legislative Framework
Penalties for Homicide
Recidivism
Civil Litigation
Classification of Homicides
Single Homicide
Double Homicide
Triple Homicide
Mass Murder
Spree Murder
Serial Murder
Homicide-Suicide
Violent Death Data
Homicide Victimization Theories
Demographic Correlates and Homicide Offending
 Homicide Offender Typologies
Organized and Disorganized Offenders: Typology of
Crime Scene Dynamics
Other Typologies Based on Crime Scene Dynamics
Underclass Homicide Typology
Toward a New Homicide Typology
Covictims of Homicide
Covictim Response to Family Member Homicide
Death and Notification
Funeral Activities and the Immediate Aftermath
Post-Funeral Life
Intersections Between Grief and Trauma
Guilt and Blame
Stigma
Fears and Phobias
Supporting the Covictim

CHAPTER 14
Hate Crimes
Introduction
Scope of the Problem
Hate Crime Legislation
Typology of Hate Crimes
Race
Religion
Disability
Gender
Sexual Orientation
Political
Typology of Offender Motivation
Suicide Bombers as Perpetrators of Hate Crimes
Impact of Hate Crimes on Victims
CHAPTER 15
Victims of Social Media
Introduction
Social Media Structure
Types of Social Media Victimization
Self-Exploitation
Sexting Case: Protecting One's Electronic Reputation
Sexting Ring Case
Electronic Aggression
Dangerous Cases Using Social Media
Legal Issues
Sexting Laws
Internet Luring
Sextortion
Mental Health Implications
Internet Addiction
Signs and Symptoms of Internet Addiction
Case of Withdrawal Psychosis
Interventions
Prevention
Identifying Victims of Electronic Aggression

CHAPTER 16
Victims of Cybercrime
Introduction
Scope of the Problem
The Legal Context
Types of Internet Crime
Hacking
Cyberterrorism
Cyberbullying
 Child Sexual Exploitation on the Internet
Cyberstalking
Internet Fraud
Identity Theft
Internet Copyright Piracy

CHAPTER 17
Other Forms of Victimization
Introduction
Victims of Property-Related Crime
Robbery
Burglary
Home Invasion
Carjacking
Victims of Workplace Violence
Victims of Natural Disasters
Victims of Terrorism
Corporate Victimization
Victims of the Justice System
Victims of Wrongful Convictions
Victims of Racial Profiling and Disproportionate
Penalties

CHAPTER 18
Forensic Victimology and Investigative Profiling
Introduction
Forensic Victimology
911 Calls
First on the Scene: Police, Paramedics, and Fire
Personnel
Hospital Personnel as Healers and Detectives
Investigative Profiling
 Crime Scene Analysis
Victimology
Crime Scene Indicators
Forensic Findings
Investigative Considerations
Outcome
Case Example
Case Featuring an Atypical Serial Killer
Case 1
Case 2
Case Analysis
Case 3
Case Analysis
Case 4
Case Analysis
Glossary
Name Index
Subject Index
 © Peyker/Shutterstock.

Preface
In the 19th century and early part of the 20th century, few scholars
discussed or wrote about the victim's role in a criminal situation. It
was not until the 1940s that interest in the victim developed. Von
Hentig's paper titled “Remarks on the Interaction of Perpetrator
and His Victim” (1941) and his book The Criminal and His Victim
(1948); Mendelsohn's paper “New Bio-Psycho-Social Horizons:
Victimology” (1947); and Ellenberger's study on the psychological
relationship between the criminal and his victim (1954) brought
clear scholarly focus to the plight of the victim.

The last quarter of the 20th century brought even more focus to the
victim. The First International Symposium on Victimology held in
Jerusalem in 1973 gave the discipline of victimology international
recognition as a distinct focus separate from the discipline of
criminology. The scholarly papers presented at the symposium
were divided into five volumes that aimed to provide new data,
theoretical inputs, and analyses to encourage the building of ideas
and the development of intellectual dialogues in the field of
victimology. In particular, the volumes sought to contribute to a
discourse within the international community of scholars and to
bring together scholars whose paths might not easily cross, despite
their common interest.

At the opening ceremony of the symposium, Professor Israel

Drapkin, chairman of the Organizing Committee, identified five
purposes of the meeting:

1. To reach agreement on the scope of victimology

2. To establish a valid typology of victims as an indispensable tool
for future developments

3. To analyze the role of the victim, both in juridical and judicial

settings, to improve the current situation

4. To analyze the offender–victim relationship, particularly with

regard to the main categories of criminal offense

5. To develop strategies to improve society's reaction toward

victims, be it by means of compensation, insurance,
prevention, or treatment

Although the science of victimology has expanded over the

decades, it is upon this early scholarly and research foundation that
this text on victimology has been conceptualized. This text provides
an overview of issues related to people who become victims of a
wide variety of crimes. At times, these crimes are specific to
particular populations, such as children, the elderly, women, or
individuals and groups of a specific race or religion. At times, these
crimes are more general in who is targeted, such as in the case of
Internet crime. We have focused on the incidence of each type of
victimization, the impact of the crime on victims, the motivations of
the perpetrators, strategies for intervention, laws that define the
nature of the crime, and legal attempts to punish offenders and
protect victims and society at large.

This third edition of the text includes chapter cases for discussion
and expands the traditional academic concepts and theories of
victimology to include an applied component for those students who
will assess and/or treat victims or offenders. The text emphasizes
data from North America regarding the scope of the problem,
measurement of victimization, the typologies of victims and
offenders, victim impact statements, policies, services, and future
research areas. This text is written for students whose work or
careers will bring them into contact with victims, offenders, and/or
the justice system.

This third edition of the text includes updated information on

opening chapter cases on Amanda Knox, Anders Behring Breivik,
Kobe Bryant, Casey Anthony, Jaycee Dugard, Brandon McInerney,
Rihanna and Chris Brown, Catherine Zeta-Jones, the St. Guillen's
family, Mickey Rooney, David Russell Williams, and Brandon
Piekarsky and Derrick Donchak. New chapters address social
media, cybercrime, forensic victimology, and investigative profiling.

Two important trends have materialized in the five years since the
last edition of this text. First, reporting rates on homicides in the
United States increased in 2016, and the rate at which murders are
cleared through arrest dropped to the lowest level on record. FBI
statistics estimate that only 59.4% of homicides were cleared
through arrest in 2016. This was the first time the national
clearance rate dropped below 60% (Murder Accountability
Project, 2017).

Second, mass shootings are increasing. In June 2016, a shooter,

Omar Mateen, fired more than 50 rounds into patrons at the Pulse
nightclub with an AR-15. He took hostages and shot at police.
Forty-nine people died and dozens were wounded. Authorities
noted that Mateen had pledged his allegiance to the Islamic State
in a 911 call just before the attack. He ultimately died in a gun
battle with SWAT team members (Velasquez, 2016). In October
2017, another mass shooting occurred, with the shooter firing from
the Mandalay Bay hotel in Las Vegas. It is considered the deadliest
U.S. mass shooting committed by one person. The gunman,
identified as Stephen Paddock, fired hundreds of rifle rounds into a
concert crowd at the Route 91 Harvest Music Festival. Paddock
fired from his suite on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay. Fifty-
eight victims were killed and hundreds injured. Paddock died from a
self-inflicted gunshot wound. His motive remains unclear.

As crime and criminology in our society are ever-changing, the

study of victims needs to keep pace and evolve to better serve
both victims and the many professionals and practitioners who
work with them. Whether a student is considering a career in the
criminal justice system, health care, first responder services, social
work, or academia, this text will guide the reader toward a deeper
understanding of the multifaceted world of victimology and prepare
them to better serve this complex population.
 REFERENCES

Hargrove, T. (2017). Murder Accountability Project.

Retrieved from: http://www.murderdata.org

Velasquez, M. (2016, June 12). 2016 Pulse nightclub

shooting in Orland, a look back at the worst mass
shooting in history. OCR Daily News. Retrieved from:
http://www.ocregister.com/2017/06/11/2016-pulse-
nightclub-shooting-in-orlando-a-look-back-at-
the-worst-mass-shooting-in-us-history/
 © Peyker/Shutterstock.

Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank Stefan Treffers for his research
additions to all three editions as well as the following for their
contributions to the third edition of Victimology: Theories and
Applications:

Paul Thomas Clements

Dr. Clements is a clinical professor at the College of Nursing and
Health Sciences at Drexel University, where one of his online
courses for Drexel's forensic health certificate is Victimology for
Health Professionals. Dr. Clements has been a psychiatric forensic
specialist for more than 20 years, specializing in intrapsychic
sequela and behavioral manifestations following exposure to
interpersonal violence, crime, and sudden traumatic death.

Grace Cummings
Grace Cummings, Morrissey College of Arts and Science, Boston
College, Class of 2020, is one of three student workers who
assisted with updates to Chapter 16.
Elizabeth S. Dillon
Elizabeth Dillon, Esq. is a graduate of the University of
Pennsylvania and of the Washington University School of Law in St.
Louis. She is an associate attorney at Cetrulo, LLP in Boston,
Massachusetts. Elizabeth focuses her practice primarily on
employment, business, real estate, and probate litigation, as well
as employment advice and counseling.

Elizabeth B. Dowdell
Elizabeth Burgess Dowdell is a professor of Pediatric Nursing in the
College of Nursing at Villanova University. She is a graduate of
Vanderbilt University, Boston College, and the University of
Pennsylvania. Her program of research has focused on studying
vulnerable populations such as high-risk adolescents, grandmother
caregivers, and infants who have been abducted from homes and
hospitals. Dr. Dowdell is an expert in the area of forensic pediatric
nursing and Internet safety.

Sarah B. Gregorian
Sarah B. Gregorian is a graduate of Northeastern University and
the University of Pennsylvania. She has been a research associate
at Boston College in the areas of victimology and has coauthored
articles on elder abuse and fetal abduction. Her current research is
on hate crimes and social justice.

James Hendren
James Hendren, Carroll School of Management, Boston College,
Class of 2020, is one of three student workers who assisted with
updates to Chapter 16.

Kevin R. Powers, J.D.

Kevin Powers is the founding director for the Master of Science in
Cybersecurity Policy and Governance Program at Boston College
and an assistant professor of the practice in Boston College's
Carroll School of Management's Business Law and Society
Department. With a combined 20 years of law enforcement,
military, national security, business, higher education, and teaching
experience, he has worked as an analyst and an attorney for the
U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of
Defense, law firms in Boston and Washington, DC, and as the
general counsel for an international software company based in
Seattle, Washington. Along with his teaching at Boston College,
Kevin has taught courses at the U.S. Naval Justice School and the
U.S. Naval Academy, where he was also the deputy general
counsel to the superintendent. Kevin regularly provides expert
commentary regarding cybersecurity and national security issues
for varying local, national, and international media outlets. He is a
program lead for the Collegiate Working Group for the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security's National Initiative for
Cybersecurity Education (NICE), and he also serves as a board
member for a regional bank and an international software
company. Kevin received his J.D. from Suffolk University Law
School and his B.A. in history from Salem State College.

Stefan Treffers
Stefan Treffers is a doctoral candidate in the sociology department
at York University. His previous degrees include an M.A. in
criminology at the University of Windsor and a B.A. in health
sciences at the University of Ottawa. Aside from studies in
criminology and victimology, his interests include urban sociology,
poverty, race and ethnicity, and urban governance. His current
research focuses on austerity and municipal finance in the context
of urban decline, including the effects of service withdrawal on
residents in the city of Detroit.
Benjamin Twohig
Benjamin Twohig, Carroll School of Management, Boston College,
Class of 2019, is one of three student workers who assisted with
updates to Chapter 16.

In addition, the author would like to thank the following for their
review of this edition and previous editions of Victimology:
Theories and Applications:

Ashley G. Blackburn, University of Houston–Downtown

Audrelee Dallam-Murphy, Westfield State College
Aric Dutelle, University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh
Kathleen A. Fox, Sam Houston State University
Ray Greenwood, Retired Virginia Beach Police Captain, and
Old Dominion University
J. Greg Gullion, Texas Wesleyan University
Susan C. Herrick, West Liberty University
Philip D. Holley, Southwestern Oklahoma State University
Liz Marie Marciniak, University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg
Raisa Martinez, Miami Dade College
Nancy J. Merritt, Front Range Community College, Larimer
Campus
Finally, the author and publisher would like to thank Dr. Cheryl
Regehr and Dr. Albert R. Roberts for their work and contributions
as authors of the previous two editions of this text.
 © Peyker/Shutterstock.

About the Author

Ann Wolbert Burgess, RN, DNSc, APRN, BC, FAAN, is a
professor of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing at Boston College's
Connell School of Nursing. She received her bachelors and doctoral
degrees from Boston University and her master's degree from the
University of Maryland. She teaches five forensic courses:
Victimology, Forensic Mental Health, Forensic Science, Forensic
Science Lab, and Wounded Warriors in Transition. Together with
Lynda Lytle Holmstrom (Boston College), she cofounded one of the
first hospital-based crisis intervention programs for rape victims at
Boston City Hospital. She is licensed as an advanced practice
nurse in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, where she also
maintains prescriptive authority. Dr. Burgess has testified as an
expert witness in 31 states and has received grants and published
articles on the topics of rape trauma, child sexual abuse, child
pornography, serial offenders, crime classification, posttraumatic
stress, elder abuse, and wounded warriors.
Dr. Burgess served as chair of the first Advisory Council to the
National Center for the Prevention and Control of Rape of the
National Institute of Mental Health, was a member of the 1984 U.S.
Attorney General's Task Force on Family Violence, served on the
planning committee for the 1985 Surgeon General's Symposium on
Violence, and served on the National Institute of Health National
Advisory Council for the Center for Nursing Research from 1986 to
1988. She was a member of the 1990 Adolescent Health Advisory
Panel to the Congress of the United States Office of Technology
Assessment and Chair of the National Institutes of Health AIDS and
Related Research Study Section (ARRR 6) from 1992 to 1994.
She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences Institute of
Medicine in October 1994 and chaired the 1996 National Research
Council's Task Force on Violence Against Women. She was
inducted into the Sigma Theta Tau. Her current research is on
patterns of murder-suicide and combat PTSD.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
VERTICAL

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[97]

[Contents]
Puzzle No. 37
 DECORATION
By Anna J. Munro

A good deal of black, but very ornamental. The

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Greece Retreated
85
Faction
43 Do without;
86 refrain
Girl’s44woolen hat from
A fish45
An artist
47 of colors

VERTICAL

To butt
1 Loathes
41
Above2
 Pronoun3 A member
42 of solar
Billiard
4 shot system
Raw metals
5 Powerful
44 explosive
Dry 7 A bird
46of crow family
Hearsay8 Easily
49crumbled
Part of9 verb “to be” Gazers
51
Either10 Oriental
53 tower
Guided11 Insect
55
Glut 12 Separate
56
Purer 14 Playing
58 card
Terse 17 Rage 59
Part 19 Equipped
60
Noblemen
21 Vortex
61
Skill 24 Tear63
Drunkard
26 Tune65
Mineral
28 spring Directed
68
Edge30 Systematic
70 rules for
State31of equality eating
Help33 Military
73 assistant
Accuse35 To pierce
74
Abets 36 Used76in small boats
Liberty
37 A box78or place
Purposeless
39 In regard
80 to
Part 81
of verb “to be”
Latin83for “and”
Exclamation
84

[99]
[Contents]
Puzzle No. 38
 BLACK BEETLE
By Fred L. Kleinschmidt

This constructor blocked out a pretty fair beetle form.

The center is a little loose.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46
47 48 49
50 51 52 53
54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
62 63 64 65 66 67 68
69 70 71 72 73 74
75 76 77
78 79 80 81
82 83 84 85 86 87
88 89 90

[98]

HORIZONTAL
 Intellectual
1 dullness A soft
49white metal
A resting
6 place To take
50 out
The hair
8 of the Angora Aid 52
goat Regarding
55
Bracing
13 Madness
57
Hairy15appendages Conjunction
60
Come 16together Near62
Pertaining
18 to Mars Primp64
A female
19 bird Exposes
66
Drinking
21 vessel Towards
68
Threads
23 that guide Consumed
69
through a maze To dignify
71
A vase
25 with feet Be indebted
73 to
Barren
26 Carries
75
Single
30 Scented
76
Note31of scale Sick78
To vanquish
32 Wearisome
79
Concise
33 Hebrew
81 prophet
As 34 Anxious
82
Us 36 An indestructible
85 unit
An obstinate
37 person Instruction
88
As 39 A lair89
A game
41 of chance A drink
90 of hot milk
General
45 term for curdled with liquor
followers of theory
To corrode
47
Lessened
48

VERTICAL

Problems
1 in arithmetic To freeze
43
To speak
2 Utilize
44
River 3in Italy Historic
45 mountain
 Forward
4 To rest
46
Edge 5 Diseased
51 person
One who
7 consumes Chest53
Male 8 A parent
54
Preposition
9 A golf
56term
A personal
10 pronoun An hotel
57
Pale11 To recede
58
Flees12 Metalliferous
59 earth
The 14
air To act
61
A tree
15 An Oriental
63 weight
Handbag
17 To go65into
Female
20 sheep A book
67 for pictures
To deduce
22 To inform
68
A pale
24 yellowish clay Stories
70
A male
26 child To think
72
Period
27 of time Useless
74 plants
Possessive
28 pronoun A bank-note
75
To make
29 a mistake Shade77
Personal
31 pronoun A number
79
Over35and above To soak
80 in
A common
36 liquid So 83
Jeer38 To depart
84
Fur-bearing
40 animal Negative
86
Hobby41 To wit
87
A lyric
42poem

[101]

[Contents]
Puzzle No. 39
 FACILE EST DECENSUS AVERNI
By Cerberus

Cerberus was a three-faced dog, and that is what

you may think of the progenitors of this bark after
you’ve tried it. Averni (which does not mean Arverne)
is the unkeyed centre-piece.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55
56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
64 65 66 67 68
69 70 71
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87
88 89 90 91 92
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
101 102 103 104 105 106
107 108 109 110 111
112 113 114 115 116
117 118 119 120 121 122
123 124 125
[100]

HORIZONTAL

Extremities
1 Companion
69
Unchangeable
4 Organs
70 of hearing
A metal
12 Legendary
71 Queen of
Concerning
15 Carthage
Digits
16 Toward
72
Variety
17 of wood To eulogize
74
Therefore
18 Myself
77
Shores
19 Orange-brown
78
Thus21 Disordered
80 type
Catkins
23 Mammal
81 milk bag
Fruit26
of common tree Toss83gently
And 27
so forth Rational
85 animal
Obliterate
30 Mournful
86 sound
Things
31 of secondary Collected
88 mass of
importance eggs (pl.)
Sportmen’s
33 lodges Kind89of fish
(Scot.) Engrave
90
A blow
34 Vocal92music
Grassy
35 field Before,
93 prefix
Part 37
of “to be” Head 94covering
Ecclesiastical
39 Requirement
95
contribution box Secreted
98
Strike
40 Possessive
100 pronoun
Bleak41 Equal
101
Unoccupied
44 Golf
103
term
Container
46 for liquids Fermented
105 drink
Rip 48 Severe
107
Hindu50mendicant Fossil
108lizards
Designation
51 African
110 antelope
Annoy53 Vend112again
 Common
54 breakfast Latin
114 for “and”
food Compound
115 of nitrogen
Lacquer
55 Inside
117
Latin,
56and Earth
119
Roman57 magistrate Open
121hall
Behold
59 Elevated
122
Pert.61
to An 123
injury
Road 63(abbr.) Association
124
Eager64 Melt
125
Indian
65Cult
Black67

VERTICAL

Roman 1 garment Kind59of soil

Allowing
2 that Giant60
Tale 3 Man62 of ancient Asiatic
Belonging
4 to it race
Missive5 Form64of “to be”
Article6 of apparel (pl.) You 65
Like 7 Intransitive
66 verb
By 8 Word68of negation
Wild animal
9 (pl.) Smell73
A priest
10 Common
75 woman
Piece11out Measure
76 of weight
Prefix,
12 within Perched
78
Bone13 Measure
79 of length
A feature
14 To palpitate
80
A metallic
19 element More82profound
Again20 African
84 native race
Prophet
21 Plural
85of medium
Pert.22to the ear Egg-shaped
87 (obs.)
Lizard
24 Pitch89
 Persian
25 ruler Pronoun
91
Form28of limestone Domestic
94 birds
Stimulate
29 Judicial
96 circuit
Juice32of a tree Send97forth
Form34of male address Wild99animal
Written
35 or printed Upright
102
productions A dinner
103 course
Revise36 Boredom
104
To be 38impelled by Apart
106from
wind Utensil
107 for roasting
Old women
40 Fruit
108of a shrub
Substance
42 derived Storehouse
109 for grain
from seaweed Thick
111liquid
Meanderings
43 Sprite
113
Lifts 45 To prepare
116 leather
Anger 47 Denial
118
Self 49 Pronoun
120
Captain
50 of Arab Near
121
vessel (pl.) Plural
122pronoun
Literary
52 compiler
Shifting
55 sail
Conception
58

[103]

[Contents]
Puzzle No. 40
 99​9⁄10 PER CENT PURE
By Kross Korner Knut

They don’t come much better than this one. K.K.K. is

an expert of the first water and knows how to put
words together in a fascinating pattern.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31 32 33
34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
48 49 50 51 52 53
54 55 56 57 58
59 60 61 62 63 64 65
66 67 68 69 70 71 72
73 74
75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
86 87 88 89 90 91
92 93 94 95 96 97 98
99 100 101 102 103 104
105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112
113 114 115 116 117 118 119
120 121 122 123 124 125
126 127 128 129 130 131
132 133 134 135 136
137 138 139
[102]

HORIZONTAL

Self contradiction
1 Eludes
74
Competitor
6 Table-land
75
Restrict
10 Fondle
79
Holly16 Shallow
80 vessel
Couch17 Place82
Dance18 step Medley
83
Froth20 Episode
86
Crow-like
21 bird Decade
88
Solitary
23 Bog 90
Smooth
24 Endured
91
Condition
26 Diners
92
Prayer
28 The 94
end
Hard29blows German
97
Infirm
31 Baked
100 clay
Caoutchouc
33 Humming
101
Acquires
34 Wagon
103 travel
Again36 Printing
105 measure
Underanged
38 Climate
107
Completed
39 Insect
109
Either
40 Different
110 one
Flavor
41 Exclamation
112
Cloud43 Bribes
113
Annoy45 Cabal
115
Any 47 Ancestor
117
Slant48 Proof-reading
118
Divide
49 proportionately direction
An auction
52 Wrath
120
Dormant
54 Inner
121part of bottom of
Obliterate
56 a shoe
Austere
57 Penetrates
123
 Trite59 Metallic
125 rock
Guided
60 Restrain
126
Consume
62 Remain
128
Retorts
64 Learning
129
Possessive
66 pronoun Tall,130
slim structure
Comrade
67 Opposite
132 of aloft
Precious
68 stone Before
134
Small70cake Behold
135
Weird72 Uncouth
136
Fruit73 Metallic
137 salts
Ether
138derived from
oxygenated acid
A young
139 seal

VERTICAL

Model1of excellence Ecclesiastic

65 council
Short 2bolt Baby67food
Beverage
3 Chasm
68
Lairs 4 Humans
69
Bovine5 quadruped Lace71
Regenerate
6 Close
76of day
Important
7 Roman Locate
77
dates Capers
78
Mimics8 Broad
81thoroughfare
Bathes9 Weasel-like
83 fur-
Concerning
11 bearing animals
Snout
12 Behold
84
Corpulent
13 Compound
85 of atoms
Adult,
14mature insect and electrons
Rudiment
15 Relate
87
Nursery
17 rhyme Neither
89
character Baseball
90 enthusiast