Geosynthetics: Leading the Way to a Resilient Planet – Biondi et al (eds)

© 2024 The Author(s), ISBN 978-1-003-38688-9

Open Access: www.taylorfrancis.com, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license

Segmental retaining wall system as approach slab’s retaining wall

reinforcement on active fault line at the Kretek II Flyover’s,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia

F. Widhiastuti, N.A. Anindita, D.A. Nurjannah & D.S. Harninto

P.T. Geoforce Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT: The Kretek II Flyover is in Yogyakarta. The location of this flyover is in an

earthquake potential area and is on an active fault line that crosses the embankment wall of
the flyover. GSRW (Geoforce Segmental Retaining Wall) is an MSEW system that will be
used for the construction of the approach slab’s retaining wall located on the fault line. In the
case of this project, GSRW is installed into 3 segments which were separated by dilated
concrete. The purpose of the segment’s division is to reduce the damage that will occur to the
approach slab if there is movement due to faults. Although the displacement distance and the
magnitude of the plane caused by the fault cannot be predicted, the GSRW construction is
expected to reduce the damage that will occur, because this system can move independently
so that the concrete panels are more flexible against shocks. The global stability was then
analyzed using PLAXIS 3D software and yield safety factor 1.792 for static analysis and
1.136 for pseudo-static analysis.

1 INTRODUCTION

The Kretek 2 Flyover located in Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY) is part of the
Java Southern Cross Road (JJLS) project that connects Samas-Kretek and Kretek-
Parangtritis. The location of this flyover is in an earthquake potential area and is on an
active fault line that crosses one side of the Kretek Flyover approach slab. The approach slab
spans up to 125.5 meters with the height as high as 7 meters. GSRW (Geoforce Segmental
Retaining Wall) is the system that will be used for the retaning wall construction of the
flyover located on the fault line. GSRW is a Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall that has a
concrete facing and reinforced with Polyester Strip anchored from the facing to the body
embankment according to the design calculations.

2 IMPLEMENTATION METHOD OF GEOFORCE SEGMENTAL RETAINING

WALL ON ACTIVE FAULT LINE AT THE KRETEK II FLYOVER’S

2.1 Geoforce Segmental Retaining Wall

Geoforce Segmental Retaining Wall (GSRW) is an earth retaining wall system that consists
of layers of compacted backfill material and facing elements made from high-quality precast
concrete, also reinforced with a belt or known as GI Strip. The distinction between GSRW
and other products lies in the robustness of the structure which has been tested, the com-
petitiveness of the price compared to a similar segmental product, the fast and easy

1150 DOI: 10.1201/9781003386889-144

Figure 1. Kretek II Flyover’s, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

installation of the structure that affects the time efficiency of the project, and also the aes-
thetic side which capable of adding the enticing aspect of the constructed segmental system.
The Geoforce Segmental Retaining system is reinforced with the friction belt made out of
high tenacity polyester yarn namely GI-Strip. The strip has been specially designed to gen-
erate reinforced belt with high tensile strength and friction coefficient. This component is
what makes the structure robust. The selection of the tensile strength type is adjusted with
the design calculation from the GSRW construction which will be built. Another advantage
from GI-Strip is the high durability of the material, resistance from organic bacteria and
acidity from the backfill material. The GSRW system is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Typical of geoforce segmental retaining wall system.

2.2 Geological conditions

Based on the Geological Map, the Tirtohargo area is a deposit area of the Young Merapi
Volcano (Qmi), namely tuff, ash, breccia, agglomerates, and inseparable lava flows. This
area is also an area that is on the fault line. Faults are faults in rock that are formed due to
forces originating from within the earth such as tectonic and volcanic forces. Faults are areas
of discontinuity (discontinuity) in rock, where there has been significant displacement as a
result of rock mass movement due to forces from within the earth. The Opak fault is a fault
located around the Opak river, in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. According to the
research of several experts, based on the direction of movement of the Opak fault, it is
included in the Normal Faults fault, which is a fault that occurs due to the maximum
compressive force in the vertical direction, causing one of the rock planes to move downward
following the fault plane.

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Figure 3. Geological map at Bantul.

2.3 Implementation method

The fault line is expected to cross the Geoforce Segmental Retaining Wall structure.
However, the distance of the fault shift that will occur cannot be predicted. The fault shift
can occur only a few millimeters to tens of kilometers, while the fault planes can also occur
ranging in size from a few centimeters to tens of kilometers.

Figure 4. Faults line in geoforce segmental retaining wall construction.

Figure 5. Segment division.

In the case of GSRW Kretek construction, there are some special things that distinguish it
from the implementation of GSRW in general.
GSRW Kretek is divided into 3 segments which are separated by dilated concrete. The
purpose of this 3-segment division is to reduce the damage that will occur to the approach
slab walls if there is movement due to faults. Segment 2 or the middle segment is the area
crossed by the fault line and spaced up to a dozen meters from the line.

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Figure 6. Dilated column detail.

One of the advantages of using this system, in this case is that the Geoforce Segmental
Retaining Wall (GSRW) system can move independently (behaving like a puzzle) so that the
panels are flexible against earthquakes or shocks. What can be done when a fault occurs is to
repair or replace only the damaged part.

3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.1 Soil investigation

Based on the SPT results, it can be concluded that the area is dominated with loose sand
material at the surface until the depth of 3 meters. Therefore, a replacement of up to 1.5 until
3 meters was carried out using gravel sand to increase the bearing capacity.

Figure 7. Soil data profile.

3.2 Global stability analysis

Global Stability Analysis is carried out to determine the safety factor of the segmental wall
system to be made. To carry out this analysis, the following parameters are used based on
interpretation and assumptions of the soil data because the available data are incomplete.
The analysis was carried out using the finite element method with the Plaxis 3D program
with soil modeling as follows. The soil parameters are based on assumptions and the closest

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available soil data BH 08. The whole system was then assessed with the activation of the 15
kPa traffic load. The soil parameter is as shown in Table 1, as for the geometry model is as
shown in Figure 8 and the analysis yield results as shown below in Figures 9 and 10.

Table 1. Soil data parameter with hardening soil model.

^
 unsat 3  ^
 sat  c’ j’ E ref
 50  E ref
 oed 2  E ref
 ur  Y
Soil type kN=m kN=m3 ½kPa degrees kN=m2 kN=m kN=m2 degrees

Sand, loose 16 18 – 27 20000 14000 60000 0

Sand, very dense 19 20 – 37 90000 63000 270000 7
Sand, dense 17 19 – 33 32000 22400 96000 3
Sand, very dense 19 20 – 37 70000 49000 210000 7
Sand, dense 17 20 – 33 32000 22400 96000 3
Sand, very dense 19 20 – 38 54000 37800 162000 8
Fill 17 19 5 35 30000 21000 90000 5

Figure 8. PLAXI 3D model of GSRW of Kretek II.

Figure 9. Estimation of static failure mode and safety factor of GSRW of Kretek II.

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Figure 10. Estimation of pseudo-static failure mode and safety factor of GSRW of Kretek II.

According to Figure 9, the static safety factor for GSRW of Kretek II Approach Slab is
1.792. This safety factor fulfills the criteria in Indonesian National Standard for
Geotechnical Design Requirements which is above 1.50. After that, the analysis combines
with the pseudo-static load which was adopted from design response spectrum in Map of
Indonesia Earthquake Sources and Hazards in 2017. The Peak Ground Acceleration value is
0.6 g and multiplied by the amplification factor of 1.0 and 0.5, which results in horizontal
acceleration 0.3g. The pseudo-static load analysis yields safety factor 1.136. This safety
factor also fulfills the criteria in Indonesian National Standard for Geotechnical Design
Requirements for embankment with seismic load which is above 1.10.

4 CONCLUSIONS

GSRW (Geoforce Segmental Retaining Wall) is an MSEW system that will be used for the
construction of the flyover wall located on the fault line at the Kretek II flyover. In this case,
a replacement of up to 1.5 until 3 meters was carried out using gravel sand to increase the
bearing capacity. In the case of this project, GSRW is installed into 3 segments which were
separated by dilated concrete. The purpose of the segment’s division is to reduce the damage
that will occur to the approach slab if there is movement due to faults. Although the dis-
placement distance and the magnitude of the plane caused by the fault cannot be predicted,
the GSRW construction is expected to reduce the damage that will occur, because this sys-
tem can move independently so that the concrete panels are more flexible against shocks.
The global stability was then analyzed using PLAXIS 3D software and yield safety factor
1.792 for static analysis and 1.136 for pseudo-static analysis.

REFERENCES

BS8006 (1995). Code of Practice for Strengthened/Reinforced Soils and Other Fills. British Standard Institution
Koerner, R. (2005). Designing with Geosynthetics. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey.
Badan Standarisasi Nasional. 2017. SNI 8460:2017. Persyaratan Perancangan Geoteknik. Jakarta: Badan
Standarisasi Nasional.

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