1. M~ch dii;n nha't th(( 13gl ?

M~ch di<$nnha't thti' Ia m~ch di<$ntitp nh~n cac ngu'Ondi<$ncaD ap dtn tr~m, bitn
odi oi<$nap cua ngu'On di<$nnh~n dl1Qc,sau 06 phan ph6i di ngu'On di<$nc6 di<$nap da
hitn odi. M~ch di<$nnha't thti' g'Omc6 cac cap d~n oi<$nde'n va di (cap tren khong ho~c
cap ng~m) no'i vaG cac thanh g6p di<$n(thanh cai) thong qua cac may c~t di<$nva daD
cach Iy; di<$nap cua ngu'Ondi<$nnh~n dl1Qcbitn ddi nho cac may bitn ap It;ic; c6 cac thitt
bi baa v<$caD ap ( c~u chi caD ap, van cho'ng set); c6 cac may bitn dong di<$nde' bie'n d6'i
dong oi<$ncaD ap thanh dong di<$nh~ ap c6 cl1ong d() dong di<$nnho hdn (cung ca'p tin
hi<$udong di<$ncho thie't bi do de'm di<$nva rd Ie baa v<$);c6 cac may bie'n diCn ap de'
bitn odi di<$nap caD thanh tin hi<$uoi<$nap h~ ap (cung ca'p tin hiCu di<$nap cho thitt bi
do oe'm oi<$nva rd Ie baa v<$);co may bitn ap tt! dung de' bitn d6'i oi<$ncaD ap thanh di<$n
h~ ap (ngu'6n oit?n h~ ap tt! dung de' cung ca'p cho m~ch di<$nnhi thti', m~ch oi<$ntha'p
sang ...). Ngoai fa, trong m~ch di<$nnha't thti' cua tr~m bitn ap, con co the' co cac may bu
d'Ongb(), cac t\;1di<$nbu. M~ch di<$nnha't thti' lam vi<$c0 dit$n ap caD (ca'P dit$n ap caD
6kV,IOkV, 15kV, 22kV, 66kV, I IOkV, 220kV, 500kV ...).

2. M~ch nhi thu (m~ch di~n kiim soat) la gi ?

M~ch nhi tht1 (m~ch di<$nki~m soat) g'Omcac m~ch di<$nc6 cac cht1c nang kj~m
soat s\f v{in hanh cua m~ch di<$nnha't tht1 (di-eu khi~n, chi thi tr~ng thai, do d6m thong so'
di<$nva baa v<$m~ch di<$nnha't th(t). M~ch di<$nnhi tht1 c6 cac cap di<$nki~m soat, cac
day d~n di<$n,cac thie't b~ di<$nnh~ tht1 (thie't bi do de'm di<$n,thie't bi di-eu khie'n, rd Ie baa
v<$,...) duQc no'i m~ch theo cac trlnh t\f nha't dinh. M~ch di~n nhi tht1 lam vi<$c<'1di~n ap
tha'p (du(Ji IDDV ), dung dong di~n mQt chi-eu (chie'm ph-an l(Jn cua m~ng di<$nnhi th((
trans tr~m) va dong di<$nxoay chi-eu (chie'm ph-annho cua m~ng di~n nhi th((). M~ch di~n
nhi tht1 duQc l.1p d~t trans cac tu blmg di<$n;trong cac tu truy-en dQng di-eu khi~n thi6t bi
dj9n, trans mudng cap, o'ng cap, hGpcap.
Ngoai m~ch di<$nnhi tht1, trans tr~m bitn ap con c6 cac m~ch di<$nh~ ap khac la
m~ch di<$nth.1psang, m~ch di<$nthi6t bi thong tin lien l~c.

3. Cac chuc nang cua m'4chdi~n kiim 80at trong tr'4m bic'n ap ?

a) Chuc nani! di-eukhit1'n:

M~ch di~n kie'm soat dung de' di-eu khie'n s~ v~n hanh cac thie't bi di~n nha't thu.
Day la lo~i m~ch di~n di-eukhie'n. Thi dQ : m~ch di~n di-eu khie'n dong md may c~t di~n.
di-cu khie'n dong md dao cach ly; m~ch di~n di-eukhie'n cac thie't bi lam mat va b() d6'i na'c

135

.
 c6 tai cua may bitn ap. Ngu'Onuit?n ca'p cho m~ch uit?n ui-eu khi~n u6ng md cac may c;1t
<tiCn.dao cach Iy thu<Jngdung ngu'on diCn m(>tchi'Bu cung cKp uQc l~p tit cac gian Ac quy
48v. 110v. 220v u~t t~i tr~m. Chi m()t So'it truung hq"pdung ngu'l>n<tiCn xoay chi'Bu cho
m~ch ui~n ui-eu khie'n.
b) Chli"c nan!};do utm dien:

Mc;1Chdit?n kie'm soat dung de' do, de-mcac thong so'v(in hanh di4n cua mc;1chdit?n
0 nh{{t thu. C6 hai loc;1imc;1chdit?n tht1c hit?n chuc Dang do de-m dit?n, d6 la : mc;1chbie-ndong
dit?n va mc;1chbie-n dit?n ap. Hai mc;1chdit?n nay rieng re, khong no'i lien ke-t dit?n vdi
nhau, tuy co the' cung no'i de-nde' c{{p hai tin hit?u dong, ap cho mQt thie-t bi do de-m.Mc;1ch
bie-n dong dit?n mc1cno'i ti6p t~ cuQn day thu c{{p cua may bie-n dong dit?n de-ncac cuQn
day dong dit?n no'i lien ti6p cua cac thie-t bi do de-m. Mc;1chbie-n dit?n ap m.;{csong song
cuQn day thu c{{p cua may bie-ndit?11ap vdi cac cuQn day dit?n ap cua cac thie-t bi do de-m.

-Do cufJng d() dong di~n (A, KA) cua cac dufJng day nh(in ui~n va ph at di~n cua
tr<;lm;do di~n ap (V, kV) cua cac thanh cai, cua dufJng day; do cong sua't tac d~ng (KW,
MW), cong sua't phin khang (kV AR, MV AR) cua may bitn ap, dufJng day; do t'an s6'
dong di~n (Hz), do h~ s6'cong sua't (COSCf))

-Be'm dit$n nang lac dt,ing (KWH, MWH), dit$n nang phan khanS (kV ARH,
MV ARH) truyBn tcii qua may bje'n up; dit$n nang nh~n ho~c phat cua cac dUl'Jngday.

c) Chuc nang bao ve rd Ie:

M~ch di<$nkit:m soat dung dt: bao v<$m~ch di<$n nha't thlf, bhng cach CUDSca'p lien
t\lc cac thong so'vcjn hanh (tIn hi<$udong di<$n, di<$n ap) tr~m cho cac ro Ie bao v<$,dt: cac
ro Ie tac dQng mo cac may cc1tdi<$n, cc1tdi<$nIo~i trir cac ph-an ttt m~ch di<$n nha't thlf bi sl;i
co'trong khi dang vcjn hanh, ra khoi llidi di<$n,bao dam cho cac ph-an ttt khac tie-p t\lC vcjn
hanh b)nh thliong.
M~ch di<$n ro Ie bao v<$g'om m~ch bie-n dong di<$n va (ho~c) m~ch bie-n di<$n ap
ca'p tin hi<$ucho ro Ie va cac tiEp dit:m cua ro Ie th) no'i vao m~ch di~n tac dQng mo may
cc1t.Cac ro Ie bao v<$kit:u di<$n ttt c-anc6 m~ch di<$n ca'p ngu'on nuoi.
M~ch biEn dong di<$n mc1c n6i tiEp cuQn day thlf Ca'p cua may bie-n dong qua cac
cuQn day dong di<$n cua ro Ie bao v<$.M~ch bie-n di<$n ap n6i song song cuQn day thlf Ca'p
cua may bie-n di<$n ap vdi cac cuQn day di<$nap cua cac ro Ie bao v<$.
M~ch tac d()ng cua ro Ie dliQC no'i tir tie-p dit:m cua ro Ie de-n m~ch di-cu khit:n mo
may c"t di<$n de' mo tl;i dQng may cc1t khi c6 sl;i co'. M~ch bie-n dong di<$n va m~ch bie-n
di<$n ap Ia Io~i m~ch ca'p tin hi<$u di<$n xoay chi-cu cho ro Ie th) m~ch lac dQng cua TOIe va
m~ch ca'p ngu'On nuoi cho ro'le la m~ch dung di()n mOt chi'Bu ca'p tir gian c1cquy cua tr~m
biEn ap.

d) Chttc nang chi thi trang thai va bao hieu sl! co':

M~ch dit?n kil;m soat dung dl; chi thi tr~ng thai lam vit?c cua cac thie't bi dit?n nha't
thli' (m~ch dit?n chi thi tr~ng thai) khi v{in hanh binh thlfong va baa hit?u khi c6 s\f co'
(m~ch dit?n baa hit?Us\f cO).

M~ch di~n chi thi tr~ng thai thu(Jngdung den bao tr~ng thai thie't bi, nhti :
136

.
 -Tr'ilng thaj may c~t dit$n "D6ng" (den do sang), "Md" (den xanh Jl,lCsang) "Md tl! d()ng
do ro Je baa vC lac d()ng" (den trc1ngho~c yang sang)
-Den chi thi tr'ilng thai "dong" ho~c "md" cua daDcach Jy;
-Den chi thi che-d() Jam vit$c cua thie-t bi lam mat ~ay bie-nap.
M'ilch dit$n baa hit$u sl! co'dung am thanh (chuong dit$n, coi diCn) dt- baa d()ng khi
c6 dl! co' trong tr~m bie-n ap (nhl.! sl! co' Jam ro Ie baa vt$ lac d()ng md may c~t; sl! co' cua
thje't hi dj~n nha't thlt: may bje'n ap, may c.1t ...) va dung den haD sl! co' (ho~c dung tin
hit$u co cua ro Ie co hit$u) dt- chi thj thje't bj c6 sl! co', Io'ili sl! co', pha (A, B ho~c C) bi stf
'"
co

C. Ch(( W '" tJn

,-nuc nang tlrUven " hrueu xa :
.A

M~ch ki~m 803t c6 chti'c nang truy-entm hi~u xa nhu : tin hit':;ubao v~, tin hi~u do
]ttong...

4. Vi sao rn~ch dii?;nnhi thu ( di'eu khi~n, bao vi?;) sit d\lng ngu'on dii?;nrn()t chi'eu thay
VI ngu'on di(;n xoay chi'eu ?

Ntu m«:ichnhi thu sti' dl,lng ngu'on xoay chi-euthl khi Sl;fco' ma't di~n toaD tr~m ho~c
ma't di~n tl;f dung, se khong c6 ngu'on di~n cung ca'p cho m«:ich,trong khi d6 ngu'on di~n
mQt chi-eu t«:iitr~m bitn ap dltQ'ccung ca'p tir gian blnh ~c quy c6 tlnh cha't ~n dinh va tin
c~y caD.
'" tr<:1mmat
N eu ~ nguon
'" xoay c hleu,
o'" d lyn
O" " c hIt;U
mQt o~ tu ac quy van
...,,;' x cun~ ue
."N I'am nh Iym
o"

Vl,l baD v~, dieu khj~n khong gay nguy hi~m cho tr~mo
Vdi chi c6 gian blnh ~c quy d~ cung ca'p thl sau mQt thai gian dung IltQ'ng cua n6
se giam va se c6 luc ngu'on mQt chi-eu nay khong du d~ cung ca'p cho m«:ichdi~n nhi tht'io
Vi v~y may n«:ipt«:iitr«:imlam nhi~m Vl,l bitn d6i ngu'on di~n xoay chi-eu thanh mQt chieu
d~ cung ca'pcho m«:ichva n~p cho ~c quy 0

5. Cae lo~i sd d() dii;n trong tr~m bitn ap ?

a) Sd d'o mot sdi (One -line diagram):

Chi ve m()t m~ch (thay VI ve uti ba m~ch) u6 trlnh bay m(;ich ui9n xoay chi-eu ba
pha, nhltng trcn sd d'o vfin ve dti tc1'tcae thie't bi (du cho thie't bi a'Ychi n()'i m~ch trcn m()t
pha ho~c n()'i m~ch tren ba pha) va each n()'i m~ch di~n lien ke't cae thie't hi.

-Ne'u so d'o m()t sQi chi ve cac thie't bj di~n nha't thu va m.;ich di~n nha't thu thi cq so d'o
e m()t sQi nha'tthu.
-Ne'u sd d'o m()t sQi ve m.;ich di~n nha't thu va ve them cac m.;ich nhj thu, bie'n dong di~n,
bie'n di~n ap n6'i vdi cac thie't bi do de'm di~n, ro Ie bao v~ (va co the' con vc cac duong
net out chi s11tac o()ng cua ro Ie bao v~ lam mo cac may cc1tdi~n lien quan) thi co so d'o
m()t sQi nha't nhi thu.

137

.
 Tren sd d'o mQt scJi,c6 ghi cae thong s6 ky thu~t dinh muc va chi danh v~n hanh
cua
~ cae
, t h 10t
'~ ht.
'

b) Sd d'o ba sdi (three -line diagram) :

Ve dti ba m~ch de' trlnh bay m~ch <1ic$n xoay chi'Buba pha, the' hic$nta't ca cac thie't
bi (m(:jt pha, ba pha) va cach n6i m~ch dic$nlien k~t cac thie't bi dic$n.
Sd d'o ba s<;1ic6 the' chi ve m~ch dic$nba pha nha't thlt ho~c chi ve m~ch dic$nba
pha nhi thlt bi~n dong dic$n,bitn dic$n ap va cfing c6 the' ve ca m~ch ba pha nha't, nhi thu
nay trcn cung m(:jt sd <1'0.
Tren sd d'(j ba sQ'i,co ghi cac thong s6ky thu~t <1inhmuc va chi danh v~n hanh cua
cac thi~t bi dic$n.

c) So' <1'0n!!uycn Iv (Schematic diagram)

Ve m~ch di~n no'i cac thie't bi theo qui 1u~tva trlnh tl! nha'tdinh. nhdm trlnh bay ro
rang nguyen 19 v~n hanh cua mQt hay nhi'(;u m~ch di~n.
Sd d'(j nguyen 19dl!Qc ve dl!di d~ng hdQ nha'thoi;\c khai trie'n

-Trong so d'o nguyen ly dC;inghQp nha-t,mdi mQt thie't bi (g'om cac ph-ant\i' khac nhau hQp
thanh va mC;ichdi~n n6'i giua cac ph-ant\i' a-y)duQc ve hen trong mQt khung gidi hC;inb~ng
duong vo net dti't, con tren duong khung thl vo cac d-auc\fc n6i cua cac ph'an t\i' trong thie't
bi n6i ra d-ay du cac mC;ichdi~n hen ngoai cua thitt hi. Nhu v~y, cac mC;ichdi~n do c6
chuc nang khac nhau nhung ne'u n({i de'n cac ph-an t\i' khac nhau cua cong mQt thie't bi thl
v~n du<jc vc tren cong mQt so d'o -d~ cho thie't bi duQc trlnh bay da-ydu va h<jp nha-t.So
d'o nguyen ly dC;inghQp nha-t, do d6, bao g'om cac so d'o n6'i m~ch ngoai cua thie't hi.
Ngoai fa, ne'u mC;ichdi~n hen trong thie-t bi c6 nhi-euva ph((c t~p thl so d'o nguyen ly dC;ing
hQp nha-tchi ve cac mC;ichdit?n ngoai n6'i de-ncac d-auclfc tren duung khung gidi h~n chi
thie-t hi, con mC;ichdit?n hen trong cua thie-t bi dliQc ve rieng tren so d'o n6'i nQi bQ cua
thie-t b4(Internal connection diagram).

-Trong sd d'o nguyen 19 d~ng khai tri~n, rn~ch die;n dlf(jc ve theo chi-eu ngang va dQC,n6i
.. d 'A d~ d '" d 'A "'" h d '~ '" d ., h '" .kh ' h
tII tern au en tern CUOtcua rn~c t¥n ay, t qua cac p an t1J ac n au cua C"C t tt;t
.~ h '~
bi khac nhau, th~ hie;n ra rang d~ hitS"unguyen 19 v~n hanh cua rnC;ichdie;n. Nhlf v~y cac
thie't bi da dlfQc ve khai tritS"ndtS"cho cac ph'an ta cua thie't bi ve n6i theo cac rn~ch die;n
co chuc nang khac nhau tren cac sd d'o khac nhau. Thi dlJ : cac cuQn day cua rd Ie baa ve;
dlf(jc ve n6i trong sd d'o rn~ch bie'n dong die;n, bie'n die;n ap va cac tie'p ditS"rncua rd Ie a'y
dl1QCve n6i trong sd d'o rn~ch di-eu khitS"nrnd may c~t die;n.

d) Sd da n6i day (wiring diagram):

So <1'l)no'i day thlfong dung cho m~ch <1it';nki~m soat. So <1'0chi d~n vi tri n6i hai
uau
,of'" cua
.x' mot d ay
" d an
x utQn
.of'" ( C6 gh t' so
"' htQu
'" d ay
" dan,
x mau " t ""'
... vo bQc d ay, teltd ten day,
.X " ' ) VI
' t n'

no'i cac 16i cap dit?;n(c6 ghi so' hit?;ucap, tie-t dit?;ncap, s616i cap ...) no'i de-ncac thie-t bi
dil$n ki~m soat va cac tr~m n6i day nhhm thl!c hil$n m~ch dil$n da xac dinh trong so d'O
nguyen 19.
So d'o n6i day c6 th6 dliQc thay thtbhng cac bang n6i day (wiring table), bang n6i
cap (cable table) g'om cac chi titt vi tri n6i hai d-au day dAn, hai d-aucac 16i cap; mall
138
 day, titt di~n va s(fhi~u day, titt di~n 16i cap, s(f16i cap, s(fhi~u cap ...ghi trong cac cQt,
cac hang cua bang.
Cac lo:;1iso d'o mQt sQi, ba sQi, so d'o nguyen 19 va so d'o n(fi day trlnh bay m:;1ch
di~n n(fi giua cac thi6t bi. Ngoai ra, con c6 so d'o b(ftrf thi6t bi, so d'o kh(fi.

e) So d'l) kh(fi (block diagram):

Trliang h(;1pthie't hi di4$nc6 ca'u t~o g'am nhi-cu ph-an ta dli(;1cke't n6i bdi nhi-eu
m~ch di4$nphuc t~p thl kh6ng thl: trlnh bay chi tie't loan thl: m~ch di4$ntrong sd d'a n6i
n()i b() cua thie't bi, ma trlnh bay dlidi d~ng Sd 8b Kh6i (thf dt.I m~ch dic$n n()i b() cua cac
thie't bi tit d()ng di-cu khil:n, do de'm dic$n,rd ]e bao vc$...c6 ca'u t~o kil:u dic$nta). Sd db
kh6i ph an tich ca'u truc va nguyen ]9 lam vic$ccua thie't bi bhng cach ve va s~p d~t theo
thu ttf cac kho'i chuc nang (functional unit) cua thie't hi, c6 cac dliang no'i gil1a cac kho'i dl:
chi stf lien l~c gil1a chung. Do d6, bie't dli(;1ctrlnh ttf va phlidng phap xa 19 tin hi4$unh~n
dli(;1cd kho'i da'u lien, qua cac kh6i tie'p theo, dl: trd thanh tin hic$uph at ra ttr kho'i sau
cling cua thie't bi. M6i kh6i k9 hi9U bhng m()t khung chl1 nh~t, ben trong khong ve m~ch
di9n cua kh6i ma ghi ten gQi ho~c k9 hi4$uchuc nang cua kh6i. Thf dt.I kh6i ca'p ngu'an.
kho'i so sanh, kho'i dinh thai (time delay Unit), kho'i khuYe'ch d~i ...

f) So d'o h6' tri thie't hi (Layout DiaJZram):

Ve St;lb6 tri thitt bi tren m~t b~ng, vi tri cac thitt bi dit?n ki~m soat (thitt bi di-eu
khi6'n, bitn d6'i dit?n, do dtm dit?n, rd Ie bao vt?, tr~m n6i day...) tren cac tu bang dit$n, vi
tri lc1pd~t cac cap dit?n trong cac mtfdng cap, 6ng cap trcn m~t b?ing tr~m bitn ap (sd 0'6
b6 tri cap -Cable Layout).

139

.
 6. Ky hi~u trong sd d(, mlJch di~n ?

M.;lch dit?n nha't, nhj th(t va cac thi6t bj n6i vao m.;lch dit?n dItQc trlnh bay trong sd
dd bhng cach dung cac ky hit?u. Cac ky hit?u c6 thevkhac nhau chut it tuy theo lieu chutJn
ky thu~t chQn dung devthi6t l~p sd dd. Sau day la cac ky hit?u thItCfng dung (tieu chutJn
IEC -International Electrotechnical Commission Standard)

Giai thi'ch
- DC -~=:J.-1I. Thi~tbi chongset,(LiqhtninQ
Ar~ster)
Dong di~n XOOy'chi~u
m<?tphQ , bo rho I ~~ Khe.h'o ph6ng di.en
(5pork gap)
'f1:
,'- Doc cdch Iy

~ ( Isolator)
-L May cat,I cti~n
ITdc.d<$ngbcJ"n9cdch
E--- "Nhon II (Pushing)
@--~ (Circuit Breaker)
I

0-- @--~
Ta'c dqng bO'ngcach
.f-- "Xoa~'1 (Turning) 811-1'i
~-- c1Qnq~~ "(an ",

--
( Lever) .lrY~ thao tc1c co kh06 lien,dQnq
cd khi')
Doc ca'ch Iy co Io:p
Q--- Idoo n8'i do't mqt phlQ

"~i
-

ITaGcl9ng b<)'ngdqng (fhQOtac co khob

@--- cd di~n lien dqng cd khi') I

. Trqm n8i dol) don ~

0 0- (Terminal) U
Moi n8i co the' keo
-~~- I rut tach roi m dL/9C
-,- II
(withdrawable ~unctjOr1J

---Q::::D-- not mqch dondl~n~~ ] [

0 -L . (Link)
No'i do't (Earth)
-
!W
I
[

fIJ
I!4u

.
!,TOc
IICO'
I(
~
 7. Chi danh v4n hanh cua cac thie't bi trong tr~m bie'n ap ?

Chi danh v~n hanh cua cac thi6t bi trong tr~m bi6'n ap, ke' ca tr~m 500kV ( d{tc
bi~t ) moi tham khao trong man v~n hanh tr~m cua b() cifm nang dao t~o nay.

8. Chi danh cac rd Ie bao vi; thu'ilng dung?

Chi danh cac ro Ie trong tr~m bi~n ap, m(ji tham khao trong man role cua bQ cgm
nang daD t~o nay.

9. To bang dif:n kiim SORtla ga?

Cac thie-t bi di~n ki6'm soat (di'Bu khi6'n, 00 de-m, chi thi, rdle bao v~) dlJQ'c]~p ireD
cac tll bang di~n ki6'm soat.

+ Drfi vtli tr{lm biffn tip ngoai troi : cac thie't bj di~n nha't thli' va cac thanh cai, day
d§n nha't thli' duQ'clclp di[1tngoai trdi. Cac tu bang di~n kil;m so at duQ'c l~p di[1tt~i phong
di-eu hanh. Cac cap di~n kil;m soat se n6'i m~ch di~n lien ke't giua cac tti bang di~n kil;m
soat va n6'i m~ch di~n tit cac tti bang di~n kil;m soat de-n cac thie-t b~ di~n nha't thli' d{it
ngoai triJi.

+ D6i vdi tr~m phan ph6i (tr~m ngcit di~n) trQn b() trong nha: tr~m phan ph6i dung
de' tic'p nh~n va phan ph6i di~n n~ng tit m()t (hoi;ic nhi-eu thanh cai n6i thong qua cac may
ccit di~n, dao cach ly de' n6i vdi cac dttong day. Tr~m phan ph6i trQn b() g'om nhi-eu ng~n
tu, dtt<;1cche-t~o sc!n trQn b(), kie-u kin. B~n trong m~i ng~n tu ch(ra may ccit di~n, cac may
bie-n dong di~n, dao n6i da't, ch6ng set van. L~p tr~n va ng~n tu, httdng ra ngoai, la cac
thie-t bi di~n kie-m socii (di-eukhie-n, do de-m,rd Ie baa v~) tttdng (rng vdi thie-t bi di~n nha't
th(r b~n trong ng~n tu. Nhi-eu ng~n tu dttQc lcip ghep sat c~nh li-en hen thanh day tu, c6
thanh cai phan ph6i dit?n cao ap di;it xuy~n su6t b~n trong day tu. (Metal-Clad
Switchgear).

* Ph-ansau day mo ta tti bani! dien kie'm soat cho tram bi5n aD ni!oai troi:

M6i tu bang di~n ki6'm soat d\iQc ch~ t';lo tuy theo nhi~m Vl,l. phan lo';li nh\i sau:

a) Tti dieD di-eu khi6'n va do de'm: 1-.I~p

cac thie't bi va m<;1ch
di~n nhlf sau:

-Cac m~ch di",n di-eu khie'n d6ng, md may coitdi",n; di'Bu khi~n d6ng, md dao cach ly v(Ji
cac kh6a (ho~c nut nha'n) di-eu khie'n loip trcn m~t tu di",n.
-Cacdao
coil, m~ch
cachdi",n chi thi
ly, cac dentr~ng thaist{va
chi thi co'.bao hi",u st! co' v(Ji cac den chi thi tr~ng thai cua
. may

-Cac m~ch do de-m dit?n v(Ji cac thie-t bi do d6m A, V, W, V AR, Hz, cos<p,WH, V ARH,
cac kh6a chQn m~ch do ba pha cho dong dit?n, dit?n ap.
-Cac m~ch di-eu khie'n b(> di-eu chinh dit?n ap c6 tlii va b(>chi thi vi tri na'c di-eu chinh dit?n
ap cua may bie-n ap.

144

.
 Ben trong tu bang dit?n di-cu khi~n va do de-m c6 chu6ng dit?n, coi dit?n, cac b()

.
bie-n d6i di9n, cac day dAn n6i m~ch, cac tr~m n6i day va cac cap di9n ki~m soat n6i dc-n
tu.
Trong tr<;imbie-n ap. c6 tht$ c6 nhi-eu tu dit'$n die'u khit$n va do de-m. M6i tu c6
nhit'$m vv di-eu khie'n, do de-m cho m(>t so'thie-t bi nha't th([. Tren m~t trl.t(Jccua tu di-eu
khie'n, c6 I~p cac thanh mica dc:':ptheo hlnh gio'ng nhl.t sd d'o m(>t day nha't th([ cua tr~m.
Mau cua thanh mica thay d6'i theo cac dit'$nap khac nhau tren sd d'o m(>t sQi nha't th([. Khi
quan sat day tu bang dit'$ndi-eu khie'n (g'()m nhi-eu tu ghep sat bell theo th([ tlf vi trf nha'l
djnh), nh.;in bie-t dl.tQcsd d,()m(>tsQi nha't th([ cua tr<;imva tlnh tr<;ing(d6ng, md, md do rd
Ie, cac slf co' ...) cua tr<;imv(Ji cac so' Iit'$udo de-m dit'$n. Day Ia cac bang dit'$n d<;ingmo
phong (s~p xe-pgio'ng nhl.t sd d'() nha'tth([).

b- Tti die" rd Ie baD ve :

Tu di<$n rd Ie baD v<$dliQc lAp cac m~ch di<$n baD v<$rd Ie g'Om cac rd Ie baD v<$
chinh, rd Ie trung gian. Cling nhli tu di-eu khi~n, tu di<$nrd Ie baD v<$dliQc lAp m~ch di~n
va cac rd Ie tlidng ung voi thi6t bi nha't thu.
Ngoai cac tu di<$n di-eu khi~n. do d6m va cac tu rd Ie baD vI,?,trong tr~m con c6:

-I'll phan phol di~n xoay chi-eutl! dung.. LAp cac ap-to-mat va cac thie't bi do V, A,
WH va m~ch di~n dung de' tie'p nh~n ngu'Ondi~n xoay chi-eu h~ the' ( ba pha 380/220V)
cua may bie'n ap tt:!dung va phan pho'i cho cac ph\l tai trong tr~m.

-Tu phan ph{j'i di?n mQt chi-eu..dung d6' tie-p nh~n ngu'on dit?n mQt chi-eu (1 IDV=,
22DV=) do gian ~c quy cua tr~m cung ca'p va sau d6 thong qua cac ap-to-mat di. phan
ph6i cho cac m~ch dit?n ki6'm soat cua tr~m. Trong tu, co I~p cac thie-t bi do V, A di. do
dit?n ap, dong dit?n mQt chi-eu.

10. Cap di~n kiim soat 13gl ?

Cap di~n kil:m so at dung dl: n6i m~ch di~n kil:m soat, tit cac tu di~n kil:m soat
dlS'ncac thilS'tbi di~n nha't th(t va n6i m~ch giua cac tu di~n. Cap di~n kil:m soat dlf<jc chIS'
t~o vdi cach di~n chill di~n ap 600V (c'an phan bi~t vdi cap lI!c, cap thong tin). Cap kil:m
soat g'Om nhi-eu 16i b~ng d'Ong, c6 bQc vo cach di~n rieng cho titng 16i.Vo 16i cap b~ng
nhlfa polivinil, polyetylcn, b~ng caD su, dlf<jc chIS't~o vdi nhi-eumall khac nhau ho~c c6 in
s6d~ phan hi~t cac 16i. Con vo cach di~n cua cap cling h~ng nhl.ia polyvinyl. b~ng caD su
khong chay va cling co lo~i vo cap hQc bhng chI.

Trong tr~m bitn ap, cap ki~m soat di~u phlti c6 ghi so' hi~u cap t~i hai d'aU,(j ch6
cap re nhanh.

11. Cac quy dinh ky thu~t v~n hanh va st'tachua m'i)chdi~n ki~m soat?

San day Ia tnch d~n cac quy dinh ky thu~t cho cong tac v~n hanh va sita chl1a h~
th6'ng cd Ie bao v~ tl,i dQng, thie-t bi do de-ill, mCilchdi~n nhi thu.

145

BIen~ ap
v
 -Trong vcJnhanh, phai baa dam cac di'cu kil$n de' cac rd Ie baa vl$, thie-t bi do
de-m va tt{ dQng dil$n, cac m~ch dil$n nhi th(( lam vil$c dtlQc blnh thtlong theo cac lieu
chu.1nqu6c gia va guy trlnh ky thucJt(nhil$t dQ, dQ .1m, dQ rung cho phcp va dQ sai Il$ch
thong s61am vil$c v(Ji thong s6 djnh m((c).

-Trcn cac bang dit?n di-eu khie'n va bang ro Ie bao ve;, d ca hai m{lt tr\tdc va sau
bang, phai ghi chi danh cac role bao vt?, cac thie't bi di-eu khie'n, thie't bi do de'm theo chi
danh quy djnh cua di-eu dQ va c6 ky hit?u phu hcJpvdi so d'o de' nhall vien v~n hanh thao
lac khong bi nh-aml§n.

-Khi thi6't bi chmh hen m~ch di<;n nha't th(( dang Jam vi<;c ho~c dang (j vi trf dl{
phong thi he; th6'ng ro Ie bao ve;. tl{ dQng hen m~ch nhi th(( cua thitS'tbi d6 phai (j vi trf
Jam vie;c. chi trir nhung cai c~n phai c~t ra do yell C~ll cua phuong th((c v~n hanh.

-Khi tach ra kh6ng cho lam vit$c ho~c bi hlf hong m()t vai rd Ie baa Vt; nao d6 thi
cac rd Ie baa vt$con l'i1iv~n phai baa dam <faydu cho cac thie't bi uit$n va dlf<:Jngday d~n
dit$n. Nc'U nhilng di-eu kit$n d6 kh6ng d~t dlfQc thi phai d~t baa V9 t~m th<:Jiho~c phai c~t
uit$n cac thie't bi ho~c dlf<:Jngday d6.

-Ta-t ca cae trtf<JnghQ'plac dQng dung, lac dQng khong dung ho~c t\1ch6i lac dQng
cua cae rd Ie bao vt$ va tl1 dQng cling nhtf khi tha-y htf hong m~ch dit$n ho~c rd Ie c-anbao
cao ngay cho cd quan quan I"} ca-ptren de' xem xet, phan tlch va lo~i tr\1, sli'a chua.

-cac rd Ie bao vQ, tlf d()ng va m~ch diQn nhi thu phai duQc djnh ky ki~m tra. Sau
filii l-anlac d()ng sai ho~c t~ ch(fi lac d()ng, cac thic't bi nay phai duQCtic'n hanh ki~m tra
bl1 sung (sau slf c(f) theo quy trlnh d~t biQt.

-f)i~n tro cach di~n d6i vdi da't cua ml.ich di~n nhi thli' c6 n6i lien ke't vdi nhau v-e
di~n cung nhu gil1a cac ml.ich chli'c DAng khac nhau khong c6 lien ke't vdi nhau v-e di~n,
do b~ng mcgomet 1000 Yon, khong du<jc be hdn lmcgom (IM.Q). D{it bi~t, 0 nhl1ng
ml.ich lam vi~c vdi di~n ap t~ 60 yon tro xu6ng, du<jc ca'p di~n t~ ngu'on dQc l~p ho{ic qua
may bie'n ap cach ly thi di~n tro cach di~n khong du<;1C be hdn 0,5 megom (0,5M.Q) va
dung megomet 500 yon de' do.

-Lam vit';c trong cac hc$1h6'ngrd Ie bao vc$,1t!dOng, di~u khi~n tit xa phai do cac
nhan vicn da dl!(jc hua'n luYt';n va dl!(jc cho ph6p lam vi9C dQc l~p tren nhl1ng thiEt bi d6.

-Lam vjl:;c d cac bang dj'eu khj6'n, rd Ie bao vl:;, tlf d()ng djl:;n phltj thlfc hjl:;n cac
bjl:;n phIlp ngan ngira vj~c c~t dj~n nh-am l~n cac thje't bi va chi dliQc dung dl.ing Cl.i c6
cach di~n to't. Phai c6 sd d'l>nguyen 19 da'u day hay nhl1ng sd d'l>khac, kho'i lliQng cong
vi~c va trlnh tlf thlfc hi~n khi lam cac cong vi~c tren. Khj ke't thuc cong vj~c phltj kj6'm
tra l~j slf chfnh xac cda m~ch n6'j dong djl:;n, dj~n ap va m~ch thao lac, dj'eU khj6'n ( theo
nguyen t~c kj6'm tra biing cach cho ho~t d()ng tht'i).

-Cu()n day thti' ca'p cua may bie-n dong ui~n lu6n lu6n khep kin m~ch vui rd Ie,
thie-t bi do de-m ho~c n6'i tdt I~i. M~ch nhi thti' cua may bie-n dong va may biEn dit?n ap
phai c6 die'mn6'i da't.

146

.
 12. Sd dD n01 ba may bic'n di~n ap ?

a-Sd d,()D6i ba may bitD dieD aD thco hmh sao-sao (Y~II): Hlnh 1)

A
B
c

G. B

c b

Hinh 1

f)i~n ap pha phia thu ca'p 13:

VIA
UZA = UZa-n= -
Ku

UZB= UZb-n= ~ Ku = Ti s6'bi~n d6i di~n ap cua may bi8'n di~n ap

Uzc = UZc-n= -UIC

Ku
f)i~n ap day khi ba pha can bhng :UZAB= UZBc= UZCA= .J3 UZA= .J3UZB= .J3 Uzc

eN6i day sd ca'p va thli' ca'p cua ba may bitn dit$n ap dung cl,ic tinh d~ baa dam' sd d'O
0 vectd dit$n ap dung.
eD~t chi ho~c ap-to-mat d~ baa vt$ ch6'ng ngc1nmc;\chthli' ca'p. C'au chi ho~c ap-t6-mat
phai d\t"c d~t (:Jca ba pha.

147

.
 .Di~m trung tinh phfa thli' ca'p ph:1i n6i da't. Khong d~t c-aucht, ap-to-mat ho~c thi6t bi
thao tac d6ng ng.1ttren day dln n6i da't.

h-Sd d'o ha may hie-DdieD aD theo hinh sao-sao-tam-2iac h{j(y~LY~~_.

A- A
B -
C

~,.
A X lA X. \A X
~ t 1-
~-A..r- ~ ~

G B

Q
\

102<1°21\8
I

~.\
c ~~'b
U'/BC

(Hinh 2)

.CuQn thu ca'pchinh (W V,) n6i YN, ca'ptin hi~u cho cac thie't bi do de'mva rd Ie bao

v~. Cac di~n ap pha, di~n ap day nhu 0 m\}c a.

C A h ' K h ( 110 V ) K' '/. h .K , h d '1':. ' U d A k 'A

'A ,
.uQn t u cap P \l 3 ,nOl tam glaC (1cap tIn If;U lyn ap pq e lern tra tInh

tr~ng cach di~n cua lttdi di~n g'om c6 Van-met do di<$n ap th(( tLf khong, rd Ie bao v<$
ch~rn dKt xoay chi'eu 64A).
Khi v~n hanh blnh thttong, ba pha can b~ng, di~n ap giua hai clfc hd rn~ch p, q la
Up-q = Uo= 0,
Khi c6 ch~rn dKt pha (A, B ho~c C) thl Uo = Up-q~ 0,

13. Sd d'o no1 ba may bitn dong dif!in ?

a-Sd d'() n6i ba may bitn dong dien theD hlnh saDYn Dhia thu Ca'D: (Hinh 3)

148

.
 Cac dong dic$nday 13:
IIA = Kr.[2A ; [IB = KI.I2B ; IIC = KI.12C.

A B c
~i8 tic J
PI; P1< P1(
~t.A r
t(-'Y~ ,
+ r.-l~~V""'\._++J~Y\_+-+-J-Y~-~---
~ r 1 :-
I
1
I
I I I I
L J 1 I I I : I
I I I I I :

.!:I!.,.. , I'I

'" rY""'\
I
!.
I
1 r-v-\
I
~ I
II

rv-"\!
I
.
~.-rv--'\-4.- I r--- rr -il -1-
1 I I I I I I
.I I I I I
,~ I I I I I
'1,; r j: I I I I I
~ +/~_++f~+t--lY\-+-~_./-Y-
'\-.1 I , I I I I I
I I !I

*
c
f. . ( >51 L J L ! ! J L J

[ [ ~
~S2 }52
,
~ l__~__i
I

I
-L
' ,
!
Pc PZ< Pc< .

( Hinh 3)

0
Khi co ng~n m~ch mQt pha, hai pha ch~m da't ho~c khi dong di~n tren ba pha
khong can bhng thi IIA + lIB + IIC * 0 nen co dong di~n I2Nch~y trcn day trung tinh cua
m~ch th(f ca'p bitn dong.

So d'o n6i thli' clip ba may bie'n dong theo hillh sao dliQ'c dung cho h-au he't cac
m~ch dit%ndo de'm va ro Ie bao vt%,do d6 dliQ'cdu ba dong dit%nday ch~y tren ba pha.

.C'an n6i day sd ca'p va thu ca'p cua ba may bitn dong di~n dung cl{c tinh.
.M~ch thu ca'p may bitn dong phai c6 di~m n5i da't ( di~m trunh tmh ho~c m(>t
trong cac d'au ra cua cu(>nthu ca'P).
.Khong d~t c'au chi, ap-to-mat, titp di~m phl,l thu(>cho~c ba't cu m(>t thie-t bj thao
tac d6ng ngcit nao n5i titp tren m~ch thu ca'p bi6n dong d~ tranh hd m~ch.
149

.
>51
;>51
 Oat k~ dung kern vdi may bi~n dong di~n va may bi~n di~n ap c6 tht- ve v~ch do
tren m{lt chi thi cac tri sO'da nhan v(ji Ku. K1 d~ uQc trlfc ti~p cong sua'tlac dt,ing cua m~ch
di~n sd ca'p.

19. M~ch di~n dung mQt oat kc'ba pha hai ph'antll' di do c6ng so«t tac d\lng?

Cong sua't tac dl.Ing t([c thoj cua m~ch dj~n ba pha la tl1ng ba cong sua't t([c thoj
cua m6j pha :
P = PA+ PB+ Pc = iA. UA+ iB.UB+ic.uc (1)
Trong m~ch di~n ba pha ba day (du tai can bhng hay khong can bhng) va trong
m~ch dj~n ba pha bd'n day can bhng, thl :
jA + jB + ic = 0
jc = -iA -iB (2)
Thay jc = -jA -jB vao bi/;u th([c (I), dl!Q'c:
p = jA(UA-uc) + jB (UB-uc) = jA.UAC+ jB.UBC

Hinh ve 10 : M~ch bitn dong di~n va bitn di~n ap ca'pcho oat kG'ba pha hai ph-antt'i
154

.
 Cong SUa'ttac d1;1ngtrung binh 13:
T. 1 T. (3)
l~=~J JA.UAcdt+TJJ8.UBCdt= I.a.UACCOS(j)l+ IB.UBc COS(j)2
To 0

Bie'u thuc (3) cho tha'Yc6 the' dung hai oat ke' m()t pha ho{1cm()t oat ke' hai ph'an t1i'
(ph'an t1i' m()t nhi)n dong IA. ap UAC ; ph'an t1i'hai nhi)n dong lB. ap UBC)de' do cong sua't
m~ch difftn ba pha ba day (ho{1cm~ch dit?n ba pha b6'n day ~n bhng).

«/>I la g6c It'$ch pha giua IA. UAC va </>2la g6c It'$ch pha giua lB. UBC), Oat k~ s~t
d tqn
'" d Qng
" b a p h a h at' p h'"'an t\'t.'"' gom h at' p h'"' . d tqn
an t\'t '" d Qng
" glong
"... n h au cung
,,\ tCtC
~ d Qng
" I am
,

quay mQt trl;lc quay chung c6 g~n kim chi thi, M6i ph 'an ta g'om mQt cuQn day dong dit'$n

(tInh) va mQt cuQn day dit'$n ap (dQng),

Hlnh 10 1asd d'c,n6i m~ch oat ke' ba pha hai ph-antti'

Cong sua'ttac dQng PI cua m~ch di~n phia sd ca'pla PI = Ku.KI .Pz
Ku. KI 1acac ti s6bie'n di~n ap va ti s6bie'n dong

Tha'Y rfing ttY bi8'u thuc (2) c6 : iA = -iB -ic va iB = -iA -ic ; ne'u thay iA ho~c thay iB

vao bi8'u thuc (1) se l'an l\tQt c6 :

P =IB.UBA.cos<p3+ Ic.UcA.cos<p4 ho~c P = IA.UAB.cos<j>s+ Ic.UcB.cos<j>6

<1>3:
goc It?ch pha giii'a IB va UBA
<1>4:
goc It?ch pha giii'a Ic va UCA
<1>5
:goc It?ch pha giii'a IA va U AB
<1>6
:goc It?ch pha giii'a Ic va UCB

155

.
 22. Ph~n tach m~ch di~n nguy~n Iy di'(;u khii!n may c~t dien ?'

Mli1chdi~n di'eu khie'n may cAt dung de' di'eu khie'n bilng di~n cho b(> truY'en d(>ng
cd khf cua may cAt v~n chuye'n dong va md cac titp die'm may cAt. M(>t mli1chdi~n di'eu
khie'n may cAt g'6m c6 hai ph-an:
a/ Pk'dn mack dien di'eU kkiin may cdt "Tai ckJ" (Local) : g'6m cac thitt bi di~n
(nhlf cac kh6a chQn mli1ch,cac nut nha'n di'eUkhie'n, cac cu(>nday di~n t~ D6ng va Md, rd
1c phl;i, cac b(> tie-p die'm gidi hli1n,d(>ng cd di4n...) va cac day dfin n6'i mli1chgil1a cac
thic't bi a'Y,dlfQc ch~ tli10lAp hen trong Tu Truy-cn dOng cua may cAt.
Ph-anmli1chdi~n di'eu khie'n "Tli1i ch[i", tuy c6 khac nhau chl1t ft tuy theo nha chi
t1i10,10~i may cAt, 10li1itu truY'end(>ng, nhlfng d'eu g'6m c6 cac mli1chdi~n sau day:
-Mli1ch di~n d6ng (closing circuit), kit hQp vdi mli1ch di~n ch6'ng gia gio
(antipumping circuit).
-M(>t ho~c hai m~ch di~n rod, gi6'ng nhau (tripping circuit)
-Mli1ch di~n rd Ie phl;i, dung de' kh6a mli1chdi~n d6ng, md khi may cAt kh6ng d~t
yell c-aude' v~n chuye'n d6ng -md titp die'm. Thf dl;i mli1chdi~n rd1e thi~u ap sua't khi SF6
(ne-ula may cAt di~n SF6)ho~c mli1chdi~n rd Ie thi~u ap sua'tkh6ng khf nen (n~u may cAt
dung b(>truY'en d(>ngkh6ng khf nen), mc;tchdi9n rd Ie thi~u ap sua't d-au(may cAt dung b(>
truY'en d(>ng d-authuy Il!c).
-M~ch di~n d(>ng c(l nli1P10 xo (may cAt dung b(> truY'en d(>ng 10 xo) ho~c mc;tch
di~n d(>ng cd nen kh6ng khf (may cAt dung bQ truY'en d(>ng kh6ng khf nen) ho~c m~ch
di~n d(>ng cd nen d-au(may cAt dung b(> truY'end(>ng d-authuy Il!c).
(Ngoai ph-anm~ch di~n di'eu khie'n "T~i ch[i", trong tu truY'en d(>ng con co lAp cac
mli1chdi~n phl;i (g'6m m~ch di~n den chitu sang va m~ch di~n tro sa'Ych6'ng ~m tu truY'en
d(>ng). Rieng d6'i vdi 10li1imay cAt di~n nhi'eu d-au,co d~t cac may bitn dong xuyen chan
.0;([may cAt, thl trong tu truY'en d(>ng con d~t cac trli1mn6'i day ra cho mli1chth([ ca'p bi6n
dong).

b) Phl1n mgch dien di-eukhifln mav cdt "Tit xa" (Remote)RiJmco:

-Cac thie't bi di~n (nhli kh6a ho~c nut nha'n di-eu khi~n, cac rd Ie di-eu khi~n) va
cac day dfin n6i m~ch giua cac thie't bi a'y, dliQc I~p d~t tu bang di<$ndi-eu khi~n (d~t trans
phong di-eu khi~n tr~m bie'n ap).
-Cac cap di~n ki~m soat n6i tit tu bang di~n di-eu khi~n de'n tu truy-en d()ng may
c~t. Cac cap di~n ki~m soat nay se n6i m~ch di~n di-eu khi~n d6ng "tit xa" vdi m~ch di~n
dong I~p trans tu truy-en d()ng va n6i m~ch di-eu khit1n m?1"tit xa" vdi m~ch di~n m?1
~"
trong tu truyen uQng.
M~ch di-eu khi6n dong ttJ xa la m~ch die:n thao tac br.ng khoa ho~c nut nha'n di-eu
khie'n va ricng d6i vdi may c~t di9n dliong day con c6 the' co them m~ch die:n tlf dOng
dong I~i (autoreclosing).
M~ch di-eu khi~n md tit xa la m~ch di~n thao tac b~ng kh6a ho~c nut nha'n di-eu
khi~n va m~ch di~n tlf d()ng m?1do rd Ie baa v~ tac d()ng.
Thong thliong, d~ trlnh bay hoan chinh m~ch di~n cho m6i may c~t, ngoa'i m~ch
di<$ndi-eu khi~n "t~i ch6" va "tt)" xa", con ve them tren cung m()t ban ve, hai lo~i m~ch
di<$nkhac la :
-M~ch di~n den chi thi tr~ng thai Dong ho~c M?1cua may c~t, dliQc n6i m~ch vdi
cac ti6'p die'm phl} cua may c~t.

159

.
 22) Nguyen Iy lam vi~c cua m~ch di~n dong may cl1t "t~r ch6" va tac d\lng cua
m'CJchdic;n chang giii gic) ?

a/ May cdt dung bi) truY'en di)ng chung, tac di)ng dong -mJ ba pha (three -phase
operation)

H'au he't cac lo&:iimay c~t khac nhau (ngo&:iitrir may c~t khong khf Den), co dit%n
ap d,nh muc ~ 145kV dBu chi dung mOt b(} truY'en dOng chung cho ba pha. Vi vc}y, chi c6
mOt m&:ichdi9n d6n~, ke't h<jp voi mOt m&:ichdi911ch()'nggia gio.

l-finh ve 16: IA sd d'o nguyen t~c chung cua m~ch di($n d6ng, trong d6 ten gQi cac
tie'p di~m, cuQn day d6ng, rdle ch6ng gia gio ...va thli' tl! m~c n6i tie'p cac ph-an tii se
thay dtJi tily theo nha ch~ t~o.

sc

Hinh 16: So' d'o nguyen t~c chung cua mc:tchdi~11d{)ng, may cc1tdi~n SF6, dung bO truy-en
dOng 10 XO,dong -md chung ba pha.
162

.
 Chi chu
(*) N6i dc-n m~ch di~n di-cu khjt1'ndong "Tir xa "(I{cmolc)
SC : Kh6a chqn m~ch "Rcmote -Off -Local"
(Tl1 Xa -0 -T~i ch6)
SF: Nut nha'n di-eu khit1'nd6ng
YF: Cu(>nday d6ng (closing coil)
Kl : Rd Ie ch6ng gia gio (antipumping relay)
Sl-l, SI-2 : cac ti~p dit1'mph~ cua may c~t (auxiliary switch)
KPI : Ti~p dit1m cua rd Ie trung gian, lac d(>ng khi thi~u ap sua'tSF6ca'p hai
S2-3 : Ti~p dit1m gidi h~n hanh trlnh cua 10 xo d6ng (closing spring)

Khj 10 xo d6ng da duQc n~p s~n nang ]uQng (b~ng cach nen ho~c cang ]0 xo) d~t
de-nvi tn muc gj(jj h~n thl tje-p dj6'm 52-3 c6 tr~ng thai "d6ng ".

Khj ap sua'tkhi SF6trong ba c,!c may c~t c6 tr~ s61(jn hdn m((c tri s6 gj(jj h~n thje'u
ap sua't SF6 ca'p haj, th} tje'P die'm KP1 c6 tr~ng thai "d6ng ", Xoay kh6a chQn m~ch SC
de-nv~to "local" (t~j ch~), san d6 nha'n nut SF de' di-eu khie'n d6ng c~t t~i ch~, Dong die;n
mQt chi-eu ch~y qua m~ch die;n d6ng nhl.! san :

"Clfc (+) ngu'Ondil$n ~ tie-p di~m SF ~ ti6'p di~m SC (local) ~ tie-p di~m K 1-2
~ ti6p di~m S I-I ~ cuQn day d6ng YF ~ ti(fp di~m S2 ~ tic-p di~m KP1 ~ clfc (-)
ngu'on dit$n"

Cu(>n day d6ng YF c6 dong di~n chc;iYqua, lam chuy6'n d(>ng 15i thep fir trong
cu(>nday, tac d(>ngmd ch6t ham cho 10 xo d6ng ph6ng thfch nang luQ'ngdang tich sa:n(10
xo trd v-etrc;ing thai ban d-autrudc khi nen hocTtc
cang), keo theo cd ca'u truy-en d(>ng thao
lac d6ng tie'p di6'm may C~l.

Khi may c~t chuye'n dQng de'n tr~ng thai "dong ", tie'p die'm phI:! S 1-1 md fa, ng~t
dong di~n qua cuQn day d6ng YF. Nhl! v~y, cuQn day dong YF chi co dong di~n ch~y qua
trong thiJi gian chuye'n d()ng dong may c~t.

TaG dunR Gila maGh dien Ghffng giii gio

Mc;ich dit$n ch6'ng gia gio c6 tac d\,lng ngan ngt)-amay c~t d6ng l{ip lc;ii l-an thti' hai.
sau khi d6ng l'an d'au ma bi md tt! dQng ra ngay do tac dQng cua role bao vt$. do chlia kip
nha nut nha'n di-eu khi/;n d6ng (SF).

Sau khi may cAt d6ng xong ]-an d-au, ti6p di~m S ] -2 d6ng l;::ii va nc'u chua kip nha
nut di-eu khi~n SF thi c6 dong di<$n mQt chi-eu ch~y qua rdle ch6'ng gia gio K] nhu sau
"Ctfc (+) ngu'On di<$n -+ tic'p di~m SF -+ tie-p di~m S ]-2 -+ cuQn day rdle K1 -+ ctfc (-)
ngu'On di<$n", Rdle K1 tac dQng lam md tic'p di~m K ] -2, m~ch d6ng bi ho nen may cAt
khong d6ng l~p l~i l-an hai duqc ; d'Ong thai tic'p di~m K I-I d6ng I~i de' tic'p tl.lC duy trl
dong di<$n qua cuQn day rdle K1 du cho tie-p die'm S 1-2 mo ra do may cAt mo (theo lac
dQng cua rdle baa v<$),Rdle ch6'ng gia gio bi ngAt dong di~n, ngirng lac dQng sau khi nha
nut nha'n di-eu khi~n d6ng (Sf),
* Kiflu maGh dien GhanI! I!iii I!io khanI! dunI! rl11eGhanI! I!iii Rio

163

.
 Innh 17: La mi;lch di~n di'eu khie'n d6ng -md cua may c~t ui~n d-aukie'u C -35M,
dung b() truY'en u()ng di~n tit. Khi UUQcca'p ngu()n uit?n m()t chi'eu, cu()n day d6ng 3B cua
may c~t sc lieu thl.1mOt dong uil$n Idn (I OOA, 220VDC) u~ ti;lo ra m()t Ilfc hut uil$n tit UU
mi;lnh cho 16i thep tit trong cuQnday, chuYe'nuQng keo theo cd ca'u truY'en d()ng u6ng tic'p
ui6'm cua ba pha may c~t. CuQn day md may c~t 30 dung de' lac u()ng cho cd ca'u truY'en
u()ng thao lac md tic'p ui6'm may c~t, u'ong thai cuOn day 30 cling tac d()ng hai tic'p di~m
Kbn

(Hinh 7)
Chi chli :
N6i de'n m~ch di'eu khie'n "Tit xa
3B : cuQn day d6ng
30 : cuQn day md
K : cong -t~c -td
R : di~n trd
KbO, KbB : tie'p die'm ph\} cua may c~t
S : kh6a di-eu khie'n may c~t 'om xa"
PR : tie'p die'm cua rdle baa v~

164

.
 Hlnh 18: tnch m~ch di<$ndi't;u khit1n dong -md cua may c~t di<$nit d'flu, ki~u
BMT, 110kV dung mQt bQ truy-en dQng 10 XO,d6ng md chung ba pha.

Y A2 : cuQn day d6ng

Y Al : cuQn day mo
KBS : rdle chd'ng gia gio, c6 hai cuQn day lac dQng
SA2, SA3 : hai bQ ti~p die'm phl.l cda may c~t
SQ2 : ti~p di6'm gidi h~n hanh trlnh cda 10 xo dong

Khi 10 xo dong da dlfQ'Cn~p sa:nnang IlfQ'ng (cang 10 xo) du m((c gidi h~n, th} titp
di~m SQ2 dong I~i. Bi'Bu khi~n d6ng, cho ngu'<:lndi~n clfc (+) ch~y qua m~ch n6i cac tie-p
di~m KBS, SQ2-1, SA3-1, SA3-2, cuQn day dong Y A2 de-ncl!c (-). CuQn day dong Y A2
c6 di~n lac dQng dong may ct1t. d tr~ng thai d6ng cua may ct1t, titp di~m SA3-I, SA3-2
md ra, ngt1t di~n cuQn day d6ng Y A2. Ne-u ngay sau khi may ct1t d6ng (tie-p di~m ph~
SA2-1, SA2-2 d6ng), co dong di~n md may ct1t(do rdle bao v~ lac dQng) ch~y qua cuQn
day dong di~n cua rdle ch6ng gia gio KBS (II -12), qua SA2-I, SA2-2 va cuQn day md
Y Al th} rdle KBS lac dQng. Tie-p di~m KBS (5-6) md ra, lam hd m~ch dong; d'<:lngth'(Ji
tie-p di~m KBS (7-8) dong I~i d~ Ca'pdi~n cho cuQn day di~n ap KBS (9-10) (ntu chlfa
kip nha kh()a di'Bu khi~n dong va do do v~n con ngu'<:lndi~n (+) c{{p cho m~ch). Vi v~y,
m~ch di~n d6ng Y A2 hd m~ch va cuQn day KBS (9-10) chi m{{t di~n sau khi nha kh6a
di'Bu khi~n dong.

b le-
Qhaseoperation)

01<
May cAt di<$nkhong khf nen (dit?n ap 72 kV, 230 kV) va may c~t dit?n SF6
(123kV, 145kV, 245kV, 550kV), ne-u dung bQ truy-en dQng khong khf nen, thi mlii bQ
truy-en dQng (g'6m binh ch((a khong khf nen, van di~n tir d6ng; van di~n tir mo, cd C8'U
pittong...) dttQc l~p 0 phfa dttdi mlii cl!c mQt pha cua may cAt de' lac dOng d6ng -mo cho
cl!c nay. T~i m6i bQ truy-en dOng, c6 mQt cuOn day d6ng (de' lac dQng van di~n tir D6ng),
mQt ho~c hai cuQn day mo (de' lac dQng van dit?n tir Mo), va cac bQ tie-p di.$m phl;l cua
mlii cl!c. Ngo~i trir cac cuQn day d6ng -mo va bQ tie-p die'm phl;l neu tren, cac thie-t bi
di<$nkhac thuQc m~ch di<$ndi-eu khi.$n d6ng -mo t~i chli dttQc lAp trong mQt Tu di-eu
khie'n t~i chli (Local control cubicle), hQpbQ cua may cAt.

Hinh 19 la m~ch di~n di-eu khil-n d6ng "T~i ch~" cua may c~t di~n SF6, dung bQ
truy-en dQng khong khi nen (nha che't~o Nuova Magrini Galileo), trong d6 ba m~ch di~n
u6ng no'i song song, ba m~ch ui~n cho'ng gia gio no'i song song, ten gQi nhu sail :

PC: nut ohlin di-eu khie'n d6ng; PAl, PA2 : nut ohlin di-eu khie'n md 1,2
43 : kh6a chQn m~ch "T~i ch~ -m xa" (LocaI- Remote)
BC/R-S-T: cuQn day d6ng/clfc R-S-T
Y/R-S-T: rdle ch6'ng gia gio/clfc R-S-T
52a, 52b/R-S- T : cac tie'p die'm ph\! cua may cAt/clfc R-S- T
XCI: rdle kh6a m~ch d6ng khi thie'u ap sulit khong khi Den cua bQ truy-en dQng
hoi;lc thie'u ap sulit SF6trong clfc may cAt.
CM/R-S-T: BQ de'm s6'I'an d6ng/clfc R-S-T

166

.
 24. Nguyen Iy lam vii;c cua m~ch dii;n mll may c~t "T~i ch6" ?

a) Ma~vcat dung mot bo truv-endong chung. tac donR.d6nR.-mo bapha

Mc;iChdi~n md "Tc;ii ch6" (Local) dtlQ'cch~ tc;iol.1p sKn trong tu truy-en dQng may
ci1t. Hlnh 20 la sd u'Otruy-en uQng nguyen ly chung, trong UDky danh cac ti~p die'm, cuQn
day md va thti' t\{ m.1cn6i ti~p cac ph'an ttt {{y tren mc;ichdi~n sc thay d<1ituy theo nha ch~
tc;iO.

(Hinh 20)
Ghi chu
---Nguyen 19 mCilchdil$n trd "Tir xa ", dung den do RL de' kie'm tra tlnh trCilngcua
mCilchhd
~_..~Ph-an mCilchdil$n l~p trong tti truy-en d(>ng may c~t, dung de' di-eu khil-n md "tCili ch6"

PR : Tie'p dii-m cua role bao vt%

RL : Den tin hit%umAu do, R : dit%ntrd
KO : Role trung sian, di-eukhii-n md "tt)- xa ".
SC : Kh6a chQn m~ch " Remote -Off -Local" ( Tt)-xa -0 -T~i ch(, )
SOl: Nut nha'n di-eukhii-n md " T~i ch(,"
YO I : CuQn day md ( Trip coil)
S 1-3 : Tie'p dii-m phQ cua may c~t
167

.
 KP2 : Tje'p dje'm cua role trung gjan kh6a m~ch md (khj thie'u ap sua'tSF6 ca'p haj, d6'i vdi
may c~l di<,;n5r:6 ho~c khi lhi6'u ap sua't khong khi ncn d({i vdi may c~t khong khi). Tie'p
dje'm KI>2 khong c6 tren m~ch di~n cac lo~i may c~t djCn d~u, may c~t chan khong.
Khi may c~t c6 tr~ng thai "d6ng" thi tje'P die'm ph\} S 1-3 d6ng va ne'u du ap sua't
thi tie'p die'm KP2 d6ng. Xoay kh6a chQn m~ch SC de'n vi tri "Local" (t~j ch~), sail d6
nha'n nut SOl de' dj-eu khil:n md. D<)ng dit?n mQt chi-eu ch~y qua m~ch md nhl1 sail : "Cl!c
(+) ngu'()n dit?n ~ tie'p diilm SOl ~ tie'p diilm SC (local) ~ tie'p diilm SI-3 ~ cuQn day
() md YO 1 ~ tie'p diilm KP2 ~ cl!c (-) ngu'()ndit?n".
CuQn day md YO 1 c6 dong di~n ch~y qua, lam chuy8'n dOng 16i tit trong cuOn day,
16i tit tac dQng cho cd ca'u truy-en dQng md tie'p diilm may c~t. Khi may c~t chuy8'n sang
tr~ng thai "Md", tie'p di8'm ph\} SI-3 md ra, ng~t dong dj~n qua cuQn day md YOlo
Do c6 thil c6 vai m~ch di~n khac nhau cung dl1<Jcn6'i de'n ml,ich md cua may cdt
(nhl1 m~ch di-eu khiiln "Tit xa ", m~ch tl! dQng md may c~t do lac dQng cua nhi-eurole bao
v~ khac nhau) nen nhi-eu may c~t dii dl1<Jcchc' t~o l~p them mQt m~ch di~n md s6' hai
YO 1 va ca'Ut~o cua m~ch di~n md s6'hai gi6'ng nhl1m~ch di~n md s6'mQt, dii mo ta tren.
MQt trong hai m~ch dit?n md tac dQng se lam md may c~t.

b ha

(Hlnh 21) la m~ch di~n md # 1 cua may c~t di~n SF6 (tlfdng tt.i cho m~ch di~n md
#2), dung ba b(j truy-en d(jng kh6ng khi nen u~ lac u(jng tirng pha (nha che-t~o Nuova
Magrini Galilco, di~n the-may c~t 123kV, 245kV, 550kV)

(+)

(-
(Hinh 21)
168
 (*/R,S, T) : N6i de-nm~ch di~n mo "Tit xa" pha R,S,T
: _ooooiPh'rin m~ch diCn lc1pt~i bl',>truy-cn dl',>ngcua m6i clfc
PAoio:Nut nha'n di-eukhi(f;n m~ch diCn md #1
43 : kh6a chQn m~ch "T~i ch6 -Tit xa" (Local- Remote)
XAI : Rdle trung gian kh6a m~ch mo khi thie-u ap sua'tkhong khf nen cua b() truy-en d()ng
ho~c thie-u ap sua'tSF6trong cl,ic may cc1t.
52/R-S-T: cac tie'p di8'm phl;i cua may c~t/cl,ic R-S-T
BAI/R-S-T: cuQn day mo/cl,ic R-S-T

Xoay kh6a chQn mc;ich43 dd'n vi trf "Local" (tc;iich~), sau do nha-n nut PAl de'
di'Bu khi6'n mo may c~t. Ne'u ba cl;lc may c~t dang co trc;ingthai dong thl ba tie'p dj~m phI!
cua ba cl;lc la 52/R, 52/S, 52tr dong. Dong di<$nmQt chi'Bu chc;iyqua ba mc;ichmo cua 3
cl;lc nhtt sau "cl;lc (+) ngu'Ondi<$n~ tie'p di6'm PAl ~ tie'p di6'm 43 (local) ~ ti6p di6'm
XAI (1-10,2-20, 3-30) ~ tie'p di6'm 52/R,S,T ~ cuQn day mo BAI/R-S-T ~ cl;lc (-)
ngu'Ondi<$n". Ba cuQn day mo cua ba cl;lc BAI/R-S-T co di<$n,tac dQng co ca-ubQ truy-en
uQng cua cl;lc'R,S, T mo tie'p di~m m~i cl;lc. Khi may c~t chuy~n sang trc;ing thai mo, tie'p
ui6'm ph\! 52/R-S-T mo fa, ng~t dong di<$nqua ba cuQn day mo. l)~ baa dam di'Bu kie;n
d~p h'Oquang, ap sua-t khi SF6 (ne'u la may c~t di<$nSF6) ho{tc ap sua-tkhong khf nen
(ne'u la may c~t khong khl) phai Ion hon mt1'cgioi hc;incho phep, VI v~y tren mc;ichdi<$n
mo may c~t, co m~c n6i tie'p mQt tie'p di6'm role trung gian tac dQng theo ap sua-toTren
hlnh ve tren, ne'u ap sua-tSF6 trong ba cl;lc tha-phon muc gioi hc;inca-phai thl role XA I lac
uQng, mo cac tie'p di~m XAI (1-10,2-20,3-30), lam ho ba mc;ichdi<$nmo, do do khong
the' di-eu khi6'n md may c~t utt(jc.

-Yeu c-aud6i vdi m~ch di~n md may cc1tla luon luon d tlnh tr~ng t6t, s£n sang
lam vi~c d~ md dli<;1C may cc1t,nhlit la khi dang tr~ng thai "d6ng" ma c6 tac dQng cua rdle
baa v<$.Trong mQt s6 tr\tong hQp, m~ch di<$nmd "T~i ch~" cua may cc1tdliQc n6i vdi
m~ch di~n ngoai g5m mQt di<$ntrd R va mQt den tin hi<$umau do (hinh 20). Khi may c~t
c6 tr~ng thai "D6ng ", thi tie-p di~m phl,l 51-3 d6ng, dong di<$nch~y qua m~ch di<$nmd va
den mau do. Den do sang, chi thi may c~t "d6ng" va cling ki~m tra dli<;1C tlnh tr~ng t6t
cua m~ch di~n rod. Di~n trd R c6 lac dl}ng lam giam dong di~n ch~y qua cuQn day md
de-n trj s6 rlit nho, do d6 cuQn day md khong th~ tac dQng, k~ ca trliong h<;1pden do bi
xay ra n6i t~t.

M(;tch dit?n md, cua cac lo(;ti may cc1t.chi dung ngu'on dit?n mQt chi~u c6 cac ca'p
dit?n the'djnh mlfc 48V, 11OV, 125V, 220V, 250V vdi khoang dit?n the'lam vit?c dlf(/c la
70% -110% Udjnhmttc.Cong sua't lieu thQ cua cuQn day md, khi lac dQng, khoang 100W -
300W (tuy theo che't(;to).

25. M~ch dic;n dqng cd n,...p10 xo (Spring -charging motor) ?

0 Cac may cc1tdung b(> truy-en d(>ng10 xo thl trong m~i b(> truy-en d(>ng nay c6 10 xo
d6ng (closing spring) va mc,=tch di~n d(>ng cd nc,=tp
10 XO. l)~ d6ng may cc1t,10 xo d6ng c-an
dliQc nc,=tp
sKn nang lliQng bhng cach cang (ho~c nen tuy theo ch6 tc,=to) d6n m(>tmrtc gidi
hc,=tn
qui dinh va tlf cd ca'u truy-en d(>ng giu cho 10 xo () trc,=tng
thai bi cang (ho~c nen) nay.
Khi di-eu khie'n d6ng may cc1t.cu(>nday d6ng (closing coil) c6 di~n, lac d(>ng cho 10 xo
169

.
 dong dang d tr~ng thai bi cang (ho~c nen) trd v-etr~ng thai blnh thuong luc ban d'au, keo
theo cd ca'u truy-en d(>ng v~n chuYe'ndong may c~t. Sau m~i l'an d6ng may c~t. 10 xo da
phong thich he-t nang lu~ng nen c'an du~c n~p l~i de' s~n sang cho l'an dong sau. Lo xo
du~c n~p nang lu'~ng b~ng m(>td(>ngcd di~n (t\.f d(>ngkhdi d(>ng va t\.f d(>ng ng\1ng) ho~c
b~ng cach dung lay quay. M~ch di~n g'om co m(>t d(>ng cd di~n m~c n6'i tie-p vdi m(>t
(ho~c hai) tie-p die'm gidi h~n vi tri hanh trlnh 10 xo va n6'i tie-p vdi chI ho~c ap-to-mat bao

V9 m~ch.

(Hinh 22)

.Q1!i.cM

giay. 170

.
 26. Ml)ch di~n may nen khong khi (may cdt dung bQ truy~n dQngkhong khi nen) ?

M()t s6 may c~t dit;n SF6 c6 dit;n thc- ~ 123kV dung b() truy-cn d()ng khong khf
nen. May c~t nay c6 m()t may nen khong khf, vc}n hanh bhng d()ng cd dit;n m()t pha ho{lc
ba pha, dung d~ bdm khong khf vao m()t b)nh chua. Tir b)nh chua. c6 cac 6ng dAn khong
khl nen dc-n bu'Ong truy~n d()ng I~p (j day c()t su ctfc may c~t. Khong khf nen trong b)nh
ch(fa c6 ap sua't dinh m(fc khoang 15 -20 Bar, tllY theo chc-tl;1o. May c~t c6 m()t rdle ap
sua't, lac d()ng l-an 1t!<;1t
cac b() tic-p di~m tl;1icac m(fc tha'p d-anso vdj tri s6 dinh m(fc cua
ap sua'tkhong khf nen trong b)nh.
-M(fc ap sua't khJi d()ng may nen kh6ng khi : ap sua't khong khi nen lrong b)nh
ch(fa se bi giam sau m~i l'an d6ng -md may c~t (gQi la sua't haD hdi). Vi Vc}y,sau m()l s6
l-an d6ng -md, ap sua't trong b)nh giam dc-n m(fc tri s6 gidi hl;1n,lam lac d()ng b() tic-p
dj~m "khdi d()ng may nen" cua rdle ap sua't. Do tjc-p dj~m nay dtfQC n6'j vao ml;1chdj~n
l1j-cu khj~n cua d()ng cd may nen (hinh 23) nen khj lac d()ng se tt! d()ng kh(jj d()ng cho
d()ng cd vc}nhanh, bdm khong khi vao binh ch(fa. Dc-n khi ap sua'ttrong binh ta,ng de-n tri
s6 dinh m(fc, b() tie-p di~m "khdi d()ng may nen" se ngirng lac d()ng, tt! d()ng ng~t ml;1ch
l1j~n cho d()ng cd may nen ngirng.
-M(fc ap sua't kh6a ml;1chdit;n d6ng -md may c~t : nc-u ap sua'l trong b)nh giam
tha'p hdn nl1'a(tha'p hdn m(fc ap sua'tkhdi d()ng may nen), dc-n m(fc trj s6 gidi hl;1nse lam
lac d()ng b() tie'p die'm "kh6a ml;1chdit;n d6ng -md may c~t". Tie'p die'm nay dtf<;1C m~c
n6i tie'p de' ca'p dit;n cho cu()n day m()t rdle trung gian, con tie'p die'm rdle trung gian th)
n6'i tie'p tren ml;1chdit;n d6ng -md may c~t.
Hlnh 23 la ml;1chdi<$nmay nen khong khf thu()c may c~t di~n SF6, nha che- tl;10
Nuova Magrini Galileo, di~n the' 123kV, 245kV, 550kV.

l I

IMT\---
IJ

'\- 6 TIIM

,. FU1
1 3 5 13 11
~

47- \--_\ \ 42: 63L\ 4'i:

? '\- - 4 1l

4-

X63L 63l
:>

( I ' t " /

COGmuG Ii so taG
do.n9c.UQ ti~p ai~m
~~ , \ I "'
c.UQ rd e op Sua t
~.2..? ~~ l~- khbng knit n~n ')

171

.
'3
 IMT: ap-to-mat 42: cong-tcic-td X63L: rdle trung gian "ngi:rng may ncn"
VS : cu(>nday di~n ti:rcua van xa khi dQng t~i may nen; TI/M: may bie'n ap 380/110 V
63L: b(> tie'p di~m "khdi d(>ng may nen" t~1,2: chI baa v~
88M: d(>ngcd di~n ba pha cua may nen

-Khi ap sua'tkhong khf Den trong blnh chua giam t~ tri so'dinh muc 18Bar d6n tri
so'~ 17,6 Bar, bQ ti6p di~m 63L lac dQng (63L(3-4) dong, 63L (4,5) mo), cuQn day 42 co
..
" ' dit?n, lac d()ng va tv duy trl bhng ti6p di~m 42 (13-14) dong. Ba tid'p di~m chfnh cua
cong-t~c-td 42 (1-2, 3-4, 5-6) dong, Ca'pdit?n cho dQng cd may Den lam vit?C. Khi ap sua't
khong khf tang d-anlen d6n 18Bar, ti6p di~m 63L ng\!ng lac dQng (63L (3-4) mo, 63L (4-
5) dong) va do ti6p di~m 42 (13-14) con dang dong Den cuQn day X63L co dit?n, lac dQng
roo X63L (1-1 0), ng~t dit?n cuQn day cong-t~c-td 42. Cong-t~c-td nha, dQng cd may Den

ng~ng.
'- -Khi ap sua't giam ~ 17 Bar, tie-p die'm 63Lbl tac d()ng, kh6a m~ch tlt dOng d6ng
I~i may cc1tva ne-uap sua'ttang d'an ten de-n~ 17,4 Bar, tie'p die'm 63Lb I ngirng tac dOng.

-Khi ap sua't giam ~ 15,5 Bar, ti6'p die'm 631.Jb2tac dOng, kh6a m~ch d6ng may
c~t va khi ap sua'ttang d'an len d6'n ~ 15,9 Bar, ti6'p die'm 63Lb2 ngung tac dOng.

27. M~ch di'eu khiin may c~t NISSIN?

( Hinh 24 dinh kern trang sail )

al Mach dong tay : KS d6ng

CS (ON), rdle 79 tac dQng dong 2 ti6p dit;m 79x (II, 12), (15, 16); rdle 52x tac
dQng dong ti6p dit;m 52x ca'p dit$n cho cuQndong 52c tac dQng dong may ct1t.

..
hI M!!ch ch6nll Ilia gi~

.. cl ~ach mo mav~

* Md b'tlng rdle
72
 CS (MAN), khi co mOt trong cac rdle baa v~ lam vi~c, dong di~n di qua ti6p die-m
rdle, cac rdle dong 5Ix (11, 12) ho"(1c51Gx (11, 12), 79Lx (1,2), CS (MAN) 52a d6ng VI
may cc'{tdang d6ng, cuOn 52T c6 di~n lam b~t may c~t. J:)5ngthai ti6p die-m 79Lx d6ng
lam f<lle 79I.J-O c6 di9n lam thay dt1i tf~ng thai cac ti6p di~m 79L lam gian do~n m~ch
d6ng may c~t, d5ng thai t~o di-eu ki~n cho rdle reset 79L-R sgn sang lam Vi9C. Muo'n
d6ng may cc'{t,phai du'a CS v-e vi tri OFF de- rdle 79L-R lam vit?C thay dt1i tr~ng thai cac
ti6p die-m 79L tai I~p m~ch d6ng may cc'{t.

dl Mach tt! doni! d6ni! lai (791

CS (AU), khi rdle baa vt? lam vit?c, dong dit?n qua tie'p di6'm 79-3xb (1, 2) ca-p
di~n cho 52T bc1itmay c~t. Sau khi may c~t md 52b d6ng, dong di~n qua CS(AU) 52b.
79L ca-p dit?n cho motor 79M. Motor quay lam d6ng 79-1 va 79-2. Rdle 79x c6 dit?n qua
CS(AU), 79-1, 79L lam d6ng may c~t nh\f dii neu tren. Luc nay 19M d\fQc ca-pdi~n qua
m~ch t\,i gill 79-2 tie'p t':Ic lam vit?c va sau thai gian dinh tr\foc se dong tie'p di6'm 79-3 clip
di~n cho rdle 79-3x lam thay d6i tr~ng thai 2 ti6p di~m 79-3x. Luc nay ne'u rdle baa vt?
lam vit?c, qua trlnh md may cc1tgi6'ng nh\f tru"ang hQp md may cc1tb~ng rdle dii neu d tren
va m~ch d()ng may c~t bi co I~p.

el Ben tin hieu

-Khi rdle baa v~ lam vi9C den W chay sang qua ti6p di.1:,m79L.
-Khi may c~t dong ti6p di.1:,m52a dong, 52b md : dcn R sang.
-NguQc l.;ii may c~t md den G sang.

173

.
 ( Hinh 25 dinh kern trang sau)

a/~ng tai-chQ

-Kh6a chuye'n m~ch 43 <'Jvi tri LOCAL.

-Ctla tu di-eu khie'n d6ng 33Pl d6ng.
()
-La xo da n~p du nang l\fQng 33M2a d6ng.
-Nha'n nut PCL, cu()n d6ng BC c6 di~n tac d()ng d6ng may cc1t.

-Sau khi may coltd6ng: 52/2 md

Lb xo xa he! nang luQng33M/2a rod, 33M/2bd6ng:
+ M ~ch dllng dlfQc cO l~p
+ M\,chch6nggia gibho\,! dQngml' !j~p di6mYb c6 l~pm\,chdung.

bl ~h ch6'nggia~

cl flQnQ.l~ x~

-Khoa chuYe'n m~ch 43 0 vi to Remote.

-Nha'n nut PC.
-Qua trlnh di~n ra tudng t\;i nhu dong t~i ch~.

dl -M.Q mays!41 :

-May c.1tdong tie'p di~m 52-1 dong

-Tiiy vi trl 43 :
+ LOCAL: nha'n nut PAL: MC md
+ REMOTE: nha'n nut PA ho~c cac tie'p di~m rdle bao v~ da'u song song PA se lam may

C.1tmd.

el flen tin hieJ!

-May cc1tdong 52/3 a dong den do sang.

-May cc1tmd 52/3 b dong den xanh sang
-La xo n~p du nang l\fQng 33M/3a dong den vang sang : m~ch dong s.1nsang.

fl Mach motor
:' -

174

.
 29. M'4)chdi~n di~u khiin may cAt di~n, nhi chi t'(JoGEC ALSmOM, 123kV, kii!u
FXTl1, dung bq truY'endqng 10xo kiEu BI...R-XE?

( Binh kern hlnh 26, 27 trang sau )

Sd d'o m(;lch di~n di-eu khi6'n may C.1tdit'$n duQc ve tudng t1'ng vdi
-May c.1t dang d tr(;lng thai "Md"
-La xo d6ng cua may c~t da n(;lp du gidi h(;ln
-Kh6ng c6 ap sua't khl SF6 trong ba cl{c cua may c.1t
-M<;1ch di~n chua c6 ngu'on dit'$n ap

M~ch dit?n di-eu khil-n may cAt g'Omcac thic't bi dit?n di-eu khil-n va cac day d~n
n6i m~ch giua cac thic't bi nay, duQCl~p trong tu truy-en dQng 10 xo. Nc'u duQc ca'p cac
ngu'Ondi~n cho dQng cd di~n n~p 10 xo va cho m~ch cuQn day d6ng, cuQn day md va n~p
khi SF6cho ba ct1c may c~t dc'n ap sua't dinh muc (7 bar) thl c6 thl- "D6ng" va "Md" may
c~t "T~i ch6". Ngoai vi~c d6ng, md may c~t "T~i ch6", d8' thl,tc hi~n di-eu khi8'n D6ng,
Md may ci1t "Tit xa ", con li1p cac thic't bi di-eu khi8'n (kh6a di-eukhi8'n, rd Ie trung gian...)
tren tu di~n di-eu khi8'n may c~t (d~t t~i phong di-eu khil-n), va dung cac cap di~n ki8'm
soat n6i tit tu di~n di-eu khi8'n dc'n tu truy-en dQng 10 xo. Cac rd Ie baa v~ lam md tl,t dQng
may cc1tthl duQc lc1ptren tu rd Ie baa v~ va cac tic'p di8'm cua cac rd Ie duQCn6i song
song, sau d6 n6i vao m~ch di~n cuQn day md may c~t.

Trong tu truy-en dQng 10 xo, ngoai cd ca'u truy-en dQng, c6 cac thie't bi di-eu khi8'n:

-M()t d()ng
cuQn cd dit$n
day d6ng xoay
(Yl), chi-eu
Ii0V (Ml),
= ho{ic
220V220V = tuy theo che't~o

-Hai cuQn day md (Y2, Y3), II OV = ho~c 220V = tuy theo che' t~o

-M()t rd Ie ch6ng gia gio (Kl), 110V = ho~c 220V = tuy theo che't~o

-Hai bQ tie'p di8'm ph~ cua may c.1t (S 1, S2)

-M()t bQ tie'p di8'm gidi h~n hanh trlnh cua 10 xo d6ng (S4)
-MQt tie'p di8'm kh6a m~ch may c.1t d tr~ng thai "Md" (S5), tuy nghi n6i vao m~ch dit$n,

ne'u c-an.
-M()t kh6a chuy~n m~ch "Local-O-Remote" (SIO)

-M()t nut nha'n "D6ng" may c.1t (SII)

-M()t nut nha'n "Md" may c.1t (SI2)

-Hai di~n trd sudi (Rl, R2), 220V -30W

-M()t den chie'U sang (EI) va cong t.1c den (El)

-D~t kh6a chuye'n m~ch S10 d vi tri "Local"

-Nha'n nut d6ng (SII) t~i tu truy-en dOng, dong di~n mOt chi-eu ch~y tl'i' cl{c dlidng
(+) cua ngu'on di~n qua ti~p die'm nut nha'n SII (13-14), ti~p die'm S10 (3-4), qua ti~p
die'm K I (7-1), ti~p die'm ph\;!S1 (9-10) (d6ng vi may c~t c6 tr~ng thai Md), cac ti~p di~m
gidi h~n vi tri 10 xo S4 (2-1), S4 (3-4) (d6ng vila xo da dliQc Den du), qua cuOn day d6ng
175

.
 Yl, de-n cl!c am (-) cua ngu<Jndit?n. CuQn day d6ng Yl c6 dong dit?n ch~y qua, se tac
dOng lam ph6ng thfch n~ng I1/Qngtfch tril sAn (do hi ncn) cua 10 xo d6ng, kco thco cl1 clJu
truy~n dQng d6ng may cAt.

BQ tie'p di6'm phl:l 51 va 52, thao lac bhng cd khf do cd ca'u truY'en dQng, se d6ng,
m(} cac tie'p di6'm cua 51, 52 theo tr~ng thai "Dong" "M(}" cua may c~t.

-Njl.uye" Iv lam viec cua mach die" ch6"g gia gio

Ngay sau khi may cl1td6ng xong, nEu chlia kip nha nut di-eu khil;n d6ng (SII) thi
dong di9n m()t chi-eu ch~y qua tiEp dil;m SII (13-14), qua tiEp dil;m S2 (3-4) (S2 (3-4)
d6ng sau khi may cl1t d6ng xong), qua cu()n day rd Ie ch6'ng gia gio K I, dEn cl.fc am (-)
cua ngu'on dit?n. Rd Ie K 1 tac d()ng se md tiEp dil;m K 1 (7-1) n{fi tiEp tren m~ch d6ng,
lam cho m~ch d6ng hi hd m~ch, d'ong th(ji tiEp dil;m KI (7-4) d6ng dl; tiEp tl;ic duy trl
dong di9n qua rd Ie Kl du cho tiEp dil;m S2 (3-4) md ra I~i (nEu may cl1t hi md tl.f d()ng
do rd Ie hao Vt?lac d()ng sau khi d6ng). M~ch di9n dong may cAt hi hd m~ch ngay sau khi
may cl1t da dong xong l'an d'au la do tac dl;ing cua rd Ie ch6'ng gia gio KI. Nh(j v~y, du
chua kip nha kh6a di-eu khil;n d6ng S II thi may cl1t cling kh6ng thl; d6ng l{tp I~i dlicjc
n6u may ccit hi md ra (do rd Ie hao vt? tac d()ng) sau l'an dong d'aUticn. Sau khi may cl1t
d6ng xong, ti~p dil;m SI (9-10) md fa, lam cuQn d6ng YI hc't tac dOng.

bl B6nJ! "Tir xa 00may ccit bhnJ! kh6a di-eu khi~n CS tai Tu di-cu khi~n

-D(it kh6a chuyl-n mc;tchS10 d vi tri "Remote" (Ti:'! xa)

-Xoay kh6a di~u khil-n CS de-n vi tri "C" (closing-d6ng), vi tri chu.1n bi d6ng.
Ne-u may c~t dang 0 trc;tngthai "Mo", tie-p dil-m phl.i SI (13-14) d6ng, cho dong dic$nmQt
chi~u chc;tyqua cuQn day rd Ie KO2 de-ndil-m am (-) cua ngu'on. KO2 tac dQng, d6ng tie-p
dil-m KO2 (11-14). Dong dic$nmQt chi~u chc;tyqua KO2 (11-14), qua cuQn day KOI. KOI
lac dQng, d6ng tie-p dil-m KOI (34-31). DOng dic$nmQt chi~u ti:'!clfc dltdng qua tie-p dil-m
KO 1 (34-31), qua tie-p dil-m CS (22-022) (CS (22-022) d6ng vi da xoay CS de-n vi tri
"C"), qua den chi thi cs (l.1p chung ben trong khoa di-cu khil-n CS) de-n ct{c am cua
ngu'on. Den CS sang, cho bie-t may c.1tdang 0 trc;tngthai "Md" va chu.1n bi dl- di~u khie'n
dong.

-Tjtp theo, nha'n kh6a di-eu khje'n CS, ti6p die'm CS (2-02) d6ng l:;lj. Ne'u cac dao
0 cach ly, dao n(fj da't co lien dQng thao tac vdj may c.1tdang khao sat -dang 0 tr:;lng thai
thoa man di-eu kit?n lien dQng (thi dl;l : dao cach ly "Dong" dao n(fi da't "Mo") cho phep
d6ng may c.1tthl cac tie'p di~m rd Ie KA, KB d6ng. Ne'Udu ap sua't SF6 trong ba clfc may
cc1t,tie-p di~m KP dong va nc'u v~n hanh btnh thliong, rd Ie kh6a 1::86khong lac dQng tht
tie'p die'm F86 thuong d6ng c6 tr:;lng thai D6ng. Vi v~y, khi nha'n kh6a CS, dong di~n mQt
chi-eu tir clfc dlidng qua cac tie-p di~m CS (20-020), CS (2-02), KA, KB, KP, F86, S10 (1-
2), qua m:;lch difftn D6ng g-om Kl (7-1),81 (9-10),84 (2-1), 84 (3-4), cuQn day d6ng Yl,
de-nclfc am cua ngu'on. CuQn day d6ng c6 dit?n, lac dOng dong may c.1t. 8au khi may cc1t
dong xong, khong nha'n kh6a di-eu khie'n CS, vi tri "C" cua kh6a CS chi thi "may cc1t
dang co tr:;lng thai d6ng". Ngoai fa, do tie'p die'm SI (13-14) mo nen rd Ie KOI, KO2
khong lac dQng, tie'p die'm KOl (34-31) Mo, den chi thi CS tc1t.

2. Mach die" Md may c~t

176

.
 C6 hai cu()n day Md gio'ng nhau Y2 va Y3 lc1pt~i tu truy-en d()ng may cc1t

al Md "Tai ch6" ma nut nha'nMd 512

-D'(it kh6a chuye'n m~ch 810 (j vi tn "Local"

-Nha'n nut di-eu khie'n "M(j" 812 t~i Tu truy-en dQng. Dong di~n mQt chi-eu ch~y tir
cl{c dtidng (+) cua ngu'on dj~n, qua tie'p die'm 512 (13-14). qua tie'p die'm 810 (7-8). qua
tie'p dj6'm phlJ 81 (1-2) (81 (1-2) d6ng VI may c~t d6ng), qua cuQn day M(j Y2. clfc am
cua ngu'on. DOng di~n qua cuQn day M(j Y2. lam Y2 tac dQng m(j may c~t.

bl Md mav c~t "Tu xa" b~ng kh6a di'eu khie'n CS tai Tu di'eu khie'n
-I){\t kh6a chuYe'n mc:tchS10 d vi trl "Remote"
-Xoay kh6a di'eu khie'n CS de-nvi tn "0" (opening -Md) -vi tn chuc1nbi md. Ne-u
may c~t dang d trc:tngthai "Dong", tie-p di~m phl,1SI (3-4) dong, cho dong dit%nmQt chi'eU
chc:tYqua cuQn day KC. KC tac dQng, d6ng tie-p die'm KC (14-11). Dong dit%nmQt chi'eU
chc:tYtu ctfc dlfdng qua tic-p di~m KC (14-11), CS (23-023), qua den chi thi CS dc-n ctfc
am. Den CS sang, cho bie-t may cAt dang d trc:tngthai "D6ng" va chuc1nbi di'eu khi~n Md.

-Tie'p theo, nha'n kh6a di-eu khie'n CS, tie-p die'm CS (1..;01)d6ng l<;li. Dong dit?n
ch<;lytl.r clfc dudng qua tie'p die'm CS (21-021), CS (1-01). KP (KP d6ng ne'u du ap sua't
SF6 trong ba clfc may c~t), qua tie'p die'm S10 (5-6), SI (1-2), qua cu()n day md Y2, de'n
clfc am cua ngu'On. Cu()n day Md Y2 c6 dit?n, tac d()ng md may cc1t.Sau khi may c~t md
xong, khong nha'n kh6a di-eu khie'n CS ma d~t CS d vi tri "0", de' chi thi may c~t dang c6
tr<;lngthai Md. Khi may cc1tMd, tie'p die'm S1 (3-4) md nen KC ma't dit?n, khong tac d()ng,
tie'p die'm KC (14-11) md nen d~t CS d vi tri "D" thl den t~t.

cl Md llf donS! may c~l do rd Ie bao ye lac dong

Tie-p dii;m cua cac rd Ie bao vt? cua may cAt va tie-p dii;m rd Ie thie-u ap sua't 5F6
ca'phai KP d-eudu'Q'cn6i song song. MQt d'aUcua mC;1ch song song nay n6i vdi ct:!c du'dng
cua ngu"t)nva d'au con IC;1i
mAc n6i tie-p vdi cuQn day rd Ie kh6a F86. Khi c6 mQt trong cac
tie-p dii;m nay lac dQng d6ng IC;1ithi rd Ie F86 c6 dong dit?n chC;1y
qua, lac dQng d6ng tie-p
dii;m F86 thu'ong mo di; cho dong dit?n fIr ct:!c du'dng qua titp dii;m 51 (1-2), qua cuQn
day Mo Y2 de-nct:!c am cua ngu"t)n.CuQn day mo Y2 c6 dit?n, lac dQng mo may cAt. Khi
may cAt Mo xong, 51 (1-2) mo, ng~t dong dit?n qua cuQn day Mo Y2. Ngoai fa, do cac rd
Ie bao vt? (cua may cAt dang khao sat) d-eutac dQng mo may c~t thong qua trung gian cua
rd Ie kh<Sa86, ncn khi lac dOng rd Ie 86 lam mo tie-p di6'm thu'ong d6ng F86 n6i tie'p trcn
mC;1ch d6ng may c~t. MC;1Ch d6ng may c~t bi ho nen khong di-eu khi6'n d6ng IC;1i du'Q'c.Khi
tie'p dii;m cac rd Ie bao vt?mo fa, cuQn day rd Ie kh6a F86 ma't di~n c6 thi; giai trir (reset)
rd Ie 86 b"ttnglay di; tie-p dii;m F86 tren mC;1ch
d6ng se d6ng IC;1i.

Ngoai fa, con c6 dl! phong mQt m~ch di~n Md thu hai. De' di-eu khie'n md may ct1t,
co the' nha'n nut di-eu khie'n SI3 (kh6a SIO d{lt vi tri "Local"). Dong di~n mQt chi-eu ch~y
t\1cl!c dlfdng qua S13, qua SIO (11-12), qua S2 (1-2) (may c.1tdang d tr~ng thai Dong nen
tie-p die'm phl,l S2 (1-2) d6ng), qua cuQn day Md Y3, de-n cl!c am cua ngu-on. CuQn day
Md Y3 co di~n, lac dQng md may c.1t.

]77

.
3. Mach dien this'll aD sUa'tSF!:!Ca'Dmot va Ca'Dhai
May c~t co l~p mOt thi6't bi kit'!m lra ap sua't 51:6,bcn trung thic't bi nay c6 cac lie'p
di~m lac dOng theo ap sua'tPI va P2.
Khi ap sua't t\tdng d6i cua khf SF6 trong ba cl{c may c~t ~ 7 bar thl ca hai ti6'p di8'm
PI (11-12) va P2 (21-22) d-eumd.

Khi ap sua-tSF6 giam de'n dlidi 6,4 bar:

6,2 bar < ap sua-tSF6 S 6,4 bar thl tie'p die'm thie'U ap sua-tSF6 ca-p mQt PI (11-12) dong
l~i. tie'p die'm thi~u ap sua-tca-phai Pz (21-22) vAn mo. Ti~p die'm PI (11-12) dlicjc no'i V30
ml;1chdi~n baa hi~u slf co"'Thie'u ap sua-tSF6ca-pmQt"

Khi ap sua't SF6 ~ 6,2 bar: ca hai tie'p di6'm PI (11-12) va P2 (21-22) d-eud6ng I~i.
Dong di9n mQt chi-eu ch~y tit ctfc dl1dng qua P2(21-22), qua cuQn day rdle KP de'n ctfc
am. R(1]e KP tac dQng, d6ng hai ti6p di6'm thl1ong md; mQt tie'p di~m thl1ong md KP tac
dQng md may c~t, qua trung gian rd Ie F86 (nhl1 mo ta tren); mQt tie'p di6'm thl1ong md
KP no'i vao m~ch di~n bao hi~u sl;i co' "Thi~u ap sua't SF6 ca'p hai". Rd Ie KP tac dQng
cling lam md hai ti~p di6'm thl1ong d6ng KP, mAc no'i ti6p tren m~ch di-eu khi6'n d6ng til
xa va m~ch di-eu khi6'n md tlr xa. Vi v.:ly, khi thie'u SF6ca'p hai, may c~t ttf dQng md ra va
san d6 bi kh6a m~ch di-eu khi6'n d6ng, md.

4- Mach dien doni! c6 naD 10 xo

Khi 10 xo chua duQc n~p (ho~c n~p chua du gidi h~n) thi ti6p die'm gidi h~n hanh
trinh cua 10 xo S4 (9 -10) va S4 (11- 12) d6ng, con S4 (1-2), S4 (3-4) mt}. S4 (1-2), S4 (3-
4) md lam hd m~ch d6ng, khong the' d6ng duQc may c~t khi 10 xo chua n~p duo S4 (9 -
10) va S4 (11- 12) d6ng, se C'dpdi~n cho dQng cd di~n MI quay, de' n~p du nang luQng
cho 10 xo.

Khi 10 xo n~p do, S4 (9 -10) va S4 (11- 12) md, ng~t dit:;n cho dQng cd Ml t\;t
dQng ngirng quay, tie-p di~m S4 (1-2), S4 (3-4) d6ng l~i, n6'i m~ch d6ng. Sau m~i l-an
d6ng may c~t, 10 xo ph6ng thfch he-tna.ng lliQng va dOng cd di~n M 1 tlf dOng quay, n~p
l~i cho 10 XO,tfch sc1'n
cho l-andong sau coa may c~t.

5- Mach die" de" tha-Dsa"!! va die" tro sa-v

Hai di~n trd sa'y RI, R2 de' s{(y cho'ng .1m trong tu truy-cn d(3ng
Den EI chie'Usang tu truY'en d(3ng
Mc;achdit;n tha den chi thj
Nha'n nut tha den 5201, dong di~n m(3t chi'eU tl1 clfc dlfong qua 5201(13-14) qua diod
V02, qua don chi thj C5, de'n clfc am. Den sang.

178
 3(). M~ch dii;n di~u khiin may cl1t dii;n SI"6, nha ch6 t~o SIEMENS, kiiu 3AQIFG
dun~ bc} truy-cn dc}n~ 10 xc. '!

( Dfnh kern h}nh 28 trang san)

.
Sd d'o di-eu khil;n may ccit di~n dliQc ve tlidng ung v(Ji :
0 -May ccit dang d tr~ng thai " Md"

-Lo xo d6ng cua may ccit chlia dliQc n~p nang lliQng
-Ba clfc may ccit chlia dliQc n~p khf SF6
-M~ch di~n chlia c6 ngu'on di~n ap cling Ca'p

M~ch dit?n di~u khie'n may c~t g'Omcac thic't hi dit?n va day n6i m~ch dlf(jc che'
t~o l~p trong tti truy~n dQng may c~t. B~ng cach nha'n nut "dong" (59) ho~c nut "md"
(83) l~p trong tti truy~n dQng, thtfc hi~n vit?c di~u khi~n dong ho~c md may c~t " t~i
ch6". M~ch di9n di~u khi~n may cat con g'Omco cac thi6t hi di~u khie'n (khoa ho~c nut
di-cu khi~n, rd Ie trung gian di~u khi~n...) Icip tren tti di9n di~u khi~n may ccit, d~t t~i
phong di~u khi~n, d~ thtfc hi~n dong va md may ccit " tir xa ". f)~ n6'i m~ch di~u khi8'n tir
xa, dung cac cap di~n ki~m 80at n6i tir tti di~u khi~n may cat de-n tti truy~n dQng may c~t
( co the' n6i qua cac tr~m n6i day trung gian l~p trong mQt tti n6i day, d~t g'an may ccit)

Trang tu truY'en dQng may c~t, c6 I~p c(1 ca'u truY'en dQng va cac thie-t bi dit?n di-eu
khit1n sau day:
-MQt dQng cd di~n xoay chi-eul mQt chi'eu (M)
-MQt cuQn day d6ng (YI), 110 VDC
-Hai cuQn day mo (Y3 va Y4 gio'ng nhau), IIOVDC
-MQt rd Ie cho'ng gia gio (K75), 110 VDC
-MQt rdle di-eu khi6'n dQng cd di~n (K9), IIOVDC
-MQt rd Ie kh6a m:;ich thie-u 5F6 ca'p hai (KIO), 110 VDC
-MQt rd Ie chuy6'n d6i ngu'Ondi~n cung ca'p(K65), IIOVDC
-MOt nut nha'n di'eUkhit1n "D6ng" may c~t (59)
-MOt nut nha'n di-eu khi~n "MO" may c~t (53)
-MOt kh6a chuy~n m:;ich "Tt'r Xa -T:;ii Ch6" (Remote -Local) (58)
-MQt rd Ie ap sua't5F6 (B4)
-MQt bQ tie-p di6'm phl;l cua may c~t (51),

-MOt bO titp di~m gi(ji h~n hanh trlnh 10 xo d6ng (512), 512 dung d~ di'eu khi~n dOng cd
di9nM.
-MOt bO tic'p ui~m gi(ji h~n (5] 4), dung u(5khoa m~ch ui9n llf dOng clung ]~i cua may cAl
(Aulo recloser lockout ).
-MOt tic'p uj~m gi(jj h~n hanh trlnh 10 xo clung (513), 513 dung u(5 n6'i m~ch ui~n baD
hi~u ]0 xo u6ng chLtadLtQcn~p .
-Ba ui~n lrd sa'ych6'ng ~m I{"Rz,Rj.
I.a) Mach dien d6ng "Tai ch6 " may c~t bhng nut nha'n 59

-f)~t kh6a chuy~n m~ch S8 (j vi tri "Local" (t~i ch~).

181

.
 -Nha-n ntit 59 t~i tu truy-en d()ng, dong di\$n m()t chi-eu ch~y tit ct,tc d\tdng (+) cua
ngu'on diqn (t~i tr~m n6i day X1-613) qua tic'p di~m 58(41-42), tie'p di6'm 59 (13-14), qua
tie'p di6'm 51(41-42), 51(61-62), qua cu()n day d6ng Yl, qua 3 tie'p di6'm K75(61-62),
K75(71-72), K75(81-82), qua tie'p di6'm KI0(13-14) (tie'p di6'm KI0(13-14) d6ng ne'u ap
sua-t5F6 trong ba ct,tc may c~t d~t trj s6' djnh m([c 5,5 bar), de'n ct,tc am (-) cua ngu'on dit$n
( t.;.i tr.;.m n6i day XI-626). Cu()n day d6ng Yl c6 dong di\$n ch.;.y qua se tac d()ng la
ph6ng thich Dang 1\t(jng tlch sKu (do bi Den) cua 10 xo d6ng, quay cd ca-u truy~n d()ng,
.. d6ng may c~t. Cu()n day d6ng Yl bj ng~t di\$n do 51(41-42) va 51(61-62) md khi may c~t
e..
da d6ng xong. B() tie'p diiJm ph\,! 51, thao lac b"llng thanh truy-en cd khi tuy theo cd ca-u
truy~n d(>ng ,se d6ng, md cac tie'p diiJm 51.

.b) Nguyen ly lam yiec cua mach dien ch6n2 2ia: 2io

Tac dl}ng cua m~ch di~n ch6'ng gia gio Ia lam hd m~ch d6ng may c~t, ngan ngira
may c~t d6ng l~p I~i (do chua kip nha nut di-eukhii-n S9) sau khi bi t\,i d()ng md ra ( do lac
d()ng cua rd Ie bao v~ ) sau I'rtnd6ng d'rtulien.

Ngay sau khi may c.!{td6ng xong, ne'u chlia kip nha nut 59, thl dong dit?n m(>t
chi-eu ch'ilY tit Cl.fCdlidng cua ngu'on, qua tie'p die'm 58(41-42), 59(13-14), qua tie'p die'm
51(63-64) qua cu(>nday rd Ie ch6'ng gia gio K75 de'n Cl.fCam cua ngu'on dit?n. Rd Ie K75
lac d(>ngse md ba tie'p die'm K75(61-62), K75(71-72), K75(81-82), lam cho m'ilch d6ng bi
hd m~ch, d'ong th'<Jitie'p die'm K75 (13-14) d6ng de' tie'p tl,lC duy tri dong dit?n qua rd Ie
K75 du cho tie'p die'm 51(63-64) md ra l'ili (may c~t bi md tl.f d(>ng do rd Ie, sau khi d6ng
l'an d'au). Nhli v~y, ne'u may c.!{tbi md ra (do rd Ie) sau l'an dong d'aUlien th} du chlta kip
nha nut nha'n 59, may c.!{tcling khong d6ng l~p l'ili dlt<Jc( m'ilch dong bi hd ). Rd Ie ch6'ng
gia gio K75 c6 dit?n cho de'n khi nha nut nha'n59.
Ngoai fa, ne'u 10 xo d6ng cua may'c.!{t chlia dli<Jcn~p du gi(ji h~n hanh trinh, th} rd Ie K9
lac d(>ng, d6ng tie'p die'm K9(53-54) va ne'u nha'n nut 59 thl rd Ie K75 dli<JCca'p dit?n se
lac d(>ng lam hd m'ilch d6ng.

I.c) Mach dien dong "tir xa" may c~t

-D~t khoa chuy~n m~ch S8 d vi tn "Remote" (tu xa).

-Bhng cach thao lac xoay kh6a di-eu khi~n (control Switch -Cs) may cAt de'nvi tn
"d6ng" ( ho~c nha'n nut di-eu khi~n "d6ng" may cAt), lAp d~t tc;titu di-eu khi~n (d~t t~i
0 phong di-eu khi~n), dong di<?nmQt chi-eu chc;tytir cl!c dl.!dng cua ngu'on qua m~ch dit?n
di-eu khi~n d6ng tir xa, de-n tr~m n6i day XI-610 cua may cAt, qua tie-p di~m S8(13-14),
qua mc;tchcuQn day dong YI, de-ncl!c am cua ngu'on (trc;tmn6i day XI-626). Mc;tchdit?n
cuQn day dong lam vi<?cnhl.! da mo ta tren day. d~ dong may cM.

Trcn m~ch di-cu khi(;n d6ng may cc1t"tu xa ", tic'p di(;m cua kh6a (ho~c nut nha'n)
di-cu khi~n, dlfQc mc1cn6i tic'p vdi cac tic'p di(;m thlfong dong cua rli lc khoa (nc'u c6) va
n6i tic'p vdi cac tic'p di(;m c6 tr~ng thai (d6ng ho~c md) tuy thco tr~ng thai cua cac dao
cach ly ho~c cua may cc1tc6 di-cu ki~n thao lac lien dQng vdi may cc1tdang khao sat. Nc'U
rd Ic khoa (86) lac dQng, so lam mo t\f dQng may Cc1tva mo tic'p di(;m thlf<:Jngd6ng 86
mc1cn6i tie'p tren m~ch d6ng, may cc1tkhong thi- di-cu khii-n d6ng l~i dlfQc. Ne'u tr~ng
thai cua cac dao cach ly va may cc1tlien quan khong thoa man di-cu ki~n lien dQng thao

183

.
 lac vdi may c~t dang khao sat thi tie'p die'm n6'i tie'p se md. lam hd m~ch di-eu khie'n d6ng
"tir xa ,. "

2.a) Mach dieD mo "tai ch6" may c~t bhng nut nha'n 53

-B~t khoa chuy~n m~ch 88 (J vi trf "local" (t~i ch6).

-Nha'n nut 83 t~i tu truy-en dQng, dong di~n mQt chi-eu di tit ctfc dltdng (+) cua ngu'on
ai~n qua ti8'p aj~m 58 (61-62), 53(13-14), 51(203-204), 51(213-214), (hai tie'p di~m 51
nay d6ng do may c~t dang d tr~ng thaj d6ng), qua cuQn day md Y3, qua tje'P dj~m
KIO(33-34) (tie'p djt!m KIO(33-34) d6ng nS'uap sua't 5F6 trong ba ctfc may c~t d.;it tri s6
dinh ml:i'c5,5 bar), dS'nctfc am cua ngu'on di~n (t~i tr~m n6i day XI-646). DOng di~n qua
cuQn day md Y3, lam Y3 tac d()ng lam md may c~t .Khi may c~t da d tr~ng thai md, hai
tiS'p di~m 51(203-204), 81(213-214) md ra, ng~t dong dj~n qua cuQn day md Y3.

2.b) Mach die" md "tir xa" cua may cc1t

-l)~t khoa chuYe'nmc;tch58 d vi tri " remote" (tt)"xa)

-Xoay khoa di~u khie'n C5 de-nvi tri "md" (l~p tc;titu di~u khie'n ),dong dit?n mQt
chi~u cha):' tt)"clfc dltdng cua ngu'on qua mc;tchdi'(5ukhi6'n md tt)"xa. dc-n trc;tmn6i day x 1-
632 cua may c~t, qua tie-p die'm 58 (23-24), qua m'ilch cuQn day md Y3, de-nclfc am cua
ngu'on (tr'ilm n6i day XI-646). Mc;tchdit?n cuQn day md lam vit?c nhlt d5 mo ta tren day.
d~ md may c~t .

2.c) Md tl1 dong may c~t do cd Ie bao ve lac dong

Cac ti~p di~m cua cac cd Ie bao vl$, lac dQng md may c~t, d-eudl1<;1cn6i song song.
MQt d-aucua m~ch song song nay dl1<;1C n6i vdi ct!c dl1dng cua ngu'Ondil$n di-eu khi~n va
d-aucon I~i m~c n6i ti~p vdi m~ch cuQn day md Y3 t~i tr~m n6i day XI-630. Khi c6 mQt
trong cac ti~p di~m cd Ie lac dQng d6ng l~i, th} cho dong die:n mQt chi-eu ch~y qua m~ch
cuQn day md Y3, lam Y3 lac dQng md may cAt.

Ngoai ra, con c6 dt! phong mOt m~ch dit$n mo thu hai (g'Om tie'p die'm 51(233-
234),51(243-244), cuQn day mo thu hai Y4, tie'p die'm KIO(43-44) mAc n6i ti6p).
Nguyen 19 lam vit$c cua m~ch dit$n mo thu hai gi6ng nhlf m~ch dit$n mo thu nha't (Y3).

3) Mach dien thie'U an sUa'tSF§.Ca'Dmot va Ca'Dhai

May cAt co lAp mQt thie't bi kie'm tra ap sua't SF6 trong 3 Cl.fc.Thie't bi ki~m tra SF6
(SFc;density monitor) g'om co mQt u-ong h-ouo ap sua'tva mOt bQ tic'p ui~m lac dOng thco
, ~
ap sua.
t
4"!o 42.
1. ~ 1.2- $' ,'-
I I rI
~--
tt 1.\ '3f
(-\I..l.~)

(Hinh 29, tr~ng thai cua b() tie'p di~m cua thie't bi ki~m tra ap sua'tSF6 khi chila c6 khi SF6
trong 3 clfc)
184

.
,.
~
 .Khi ap sort tlldng do'i cua khi SF6 trong 3 C\.fCmay c~t ~ 5,5 bar (tri so'dinh m((c 0
20°C) th} tie'p di6'm B4(11-12), B4(21-22), B4(31-32) dong l~i va 3 tie'p di6'm B4(11-
13), B4(21-23), B4(31-33) mo ra.
.Khi ap sort SF6 giam de'n dlldi 4,5 bar:
4,3bar < ap sort SF6 S 4,5 bar
thl tie'p di6'm thie'U ap sort SF6 crp mQt B4(11-13) dong l~i; tie'p di6'm B4(21-23) va
B4(31-33) v~n mo. Tie'p di6'm B4(11-13) dllQC n6i vao m~ch diCn baD hi~u S\.fco' "~
aQsort SF!}cro mot".
.Khi ap sort SF6 S 4,3 bar: ca ba tie'p di6'm B4(11-13), B4(21-23), B4(31-33) d-eudong
I.;.i. Tic'p dit1m thie'Uap sort SF6ca'Phai B4(2J -22) mo ra va do tic'p dit1m nay m~c no'i
tie'p vdi cuQn day rd Ie KIO nen KI0 khong co dong di~n ch~y qua, sc khong tac
dQng. Tie-p dil-m KIO(13-I4) mo nen m~ch di~n dong may c~t bi ho ; hai tie'p di6'm
KI0(33-34), KI0(43-44) d-eumo nen hai m~ch di~n mo may c~t d-eubi ho. Nhll v~y,
khi thie'u ap sort SF6 crp hai (ap sort SF6S4,3 bar) th} may c~t khong thl- di-eu khi6'n
dong, mo dllQc ntra (bi khoa -lock out). Ngoai ra, tie'p di6'm thllong dong cua KIO Ia
K 10(61-62) d6ng I~i, no'i kin cho tac dQng m~ch di~n baD hi~u S\.fco' " thie'u ap sort

SF6 crp hai".

4)Mach dien doni! cd naD 10 xo d6n~:

Khi 10 xo chlia dli(jc n~p (ho{lc n~p chlia du gidi h~n hanh trinh) thi tie'p dii-m
512(21-22) d6ng; dong dit$n mQt chi-eu ch~y tit c1;icdlidng cua ngu'Bn (t~i tr~m n6i day
Xl-521) qua tie-p dii-m 512(21-22), qua cuQn day rd1e K9, de-ncl!c am cua ngu'Bn (tr~m
n6i day Xl-526),lam cho K9 lac dQng,d6ng cac tie-p die'm K9(53-54), K9(13-14), K9(23-
24), K9(33-34). Tie'p di~m K9(53-54) d6ng, nen ne'u nha'n nut di'Bu khii-n d6ng 59, dong
dit?n mQt chi-eu ch~y qua tie-p di~m K9(53-54), qua cuQn day rd Ie K75, dc-n cl!c am cua
ngu'Bn. Rd Ie K75 lac dQng (va tl! duy tri bhng tie'p die'm K75(13-14) ne-u v~n lien t\.lC
nha'n nut 59) lam hd m~ch d6ng (md ba tie-p dii-m K75(61-62), K75(71-72), K75(81-82)).
Vi v~y, khi 10 xo chlia dli(jC n~p du thl m~~h dit$n d6ng khong lam vit?Cdli(jC. D'Bng thai
ba tie-p dii-m K9(13-14), K9(23-24), K9(33-34) d6ng, ca'p dong dit$n xoay chi-eu 220V,
I pha, qua dQng cd dit$n M. DQng cd dit$n M quay, n~p nang lli(jng cho 10 xo ( nen 10 xo
d6ng ). De'n khi 10 xo n~p du gidi h~n hanh trinh thi tie-p dii-m gidi h~n 512 md fa, ng~t
dit?n cuQn day K9. K9 ngitng lac dQng, ba tie-p dii-m K9(13-14), K9(23-24), K9( 33-34)
md ra, tl! dQng ng.1t dit?n cho dQng cd M. Nhli v~y, sail m6i !'an d6ng may c.1t, 10 xo
ph6ng thlch he-tnang lli(jng, nen se tl! dQng khdi dQng dQng cd di~n M de' n~p l~i 10 xo,
tich sfin nang 1li(jng cho 1'and6ng ke'tie-p va dQng cd dit?n M tl! dQng ngitng khi 10 xo n~p
dti gidi h~n .

5)Mach dieD bo de-m86Pl:

M6i 1'rind6ng ng~t may xong, tie'p di8'n ph~ 51(19-10) d6ng lc;\i,dong di~n mQt chi-eu
tt'r ct!c dlfdng cua ngu'6n (trc;\mn6'i day XI-600), qua tie'p dit1'mK65(13-14), qua cuQn day
cua b() dc'm xung PI, qua tic'p di6'm K65(23-24) dc'n ct!c am cua ngu'6n. Vi v~y, b() dc'm
s6 sc dc'm dlf<;1C
so'l'an d6ng may cAt.
6) Mach dien tro sa-v:

Ba di~n trd sa'y RI.R2. R3 ( 220V. 30W/1 di~n trd) m~c song song va dliQC clip
thliong trl.fc ngu'Ondit?n xoay chi-eu220V. c6 lac d\;lng Sa'ych6'ng t1m trong tu truy-en dQng
may c~t.
185

.
 31. Ml)ch dii;n di-eu khiin dao cach Iy ? (mnh 30)

M~ch dit?n di~u khie'n dao cach ly dung dQng cd dit?n c6 dao chi~u quay de' keo cd
ca'u truy~n dQng quay theo hai chi~u d6ng md dao cach ly .C6 lo~i dung dQng cd di~n
mQt chi~u va lo~i dung dQng cd di~n ba pha xoay chi~u. M~ch dit?n di~u khie'n c6 dao
chi~u quay coa dQng cd h~u h6t dung ngu'l:>ndi~n mQt chi~u. DUng m~ch di~n c6 hai khdi
dQng tir d~ dao chi~u quay cho d(jng cd .Vi~c di~u khie'n thtfc hi~n bhng cac nut nha'n
"B6ng" "Md" l~p t~i b(j truy~n d(jng dao cach ly (di'eu khi~n t~i ch~) ho~c tht!c hi~n bhng
cac nut nha'n "B6ng" "Md" l~p t~i To di~u khi~n ( di~u khi~n tir xa).

Dt$ bao dam cac di-eu ki<$nthao tac dao cach ly, tren m~ch di-eu khit$n dao cach ly
nay thltong m~c n6i ti~p cac ti~p dit$m ph'.l thuQc tr~ng thai cua cac may c~t va dao cach
ly khac va dao ti~p da't lien dQng. M~ch di-eu khit$n chi dltcJc kin m~ch khi ta't ca cac ti~p
dit$m ph'.l nay d-eud6ng

~_'I._I!!!!...~~\!.I.!
11~!c
1.'
.,..,

rn~
rn~J

186

.
 32. M{Jch di~u khiin bQ lam mat may bifn thf 11O/15kvLi~n Xu ?

( E>inhkern h1nh31 trang sau

al Di-eu khi~n b~ng tay

Kh6a chuy~n m~ch SA ?1vi tn MAN, rdle KL ho~t dQng d6ng ti6p di~m ca'p dit$n
cho kh?1i d()ng fir ABM. ABM ho~t dQng d6ng cac ti6p di~m ca'p dit$n cho cac qu~t lam
mat.

hI Khdi doni! theo nhiet do

-Kh6a chuy~n m~ch SA d vi tn Auto.

-Khi nhi~t d() MBA len de-n50°c. tie-p di~m nhi~t d() ca'p 1 (50°c) chuy~n sang vi trf d6ng
nhung mc;ichdi-eu khi6'n chua hoc;itd()ng du£jc.

-Khi nhi~t d() MBA leD de'n 60°c, tie'p di~m nhi~t d() Ca'p2 (60°c) chuy~n sang vi tri dong
cung
ca'p di~n cho rdle KL va qua trlnh xay ra tudng tt! nhu khi di~u khi~n b~ng tay.
~ Sau khi nhi~t d() MBA giam xu6ng tha'p hdn 60°c, tie'p di~m 60°c md fa, nhung m~ch
~
van
ho~t dOng qua tie'p di~m 50°c da dong trlfdc do va tie'p di~m KL dong khi rdle KL co
diCn.
-De'n khi nhiCt d() MBA < 50°c, luc nay tie'p di~m 50°c md fa, m':1chngirng ho':1tdOng.

cl Khoi don2 theo don2 dien

-Kh6a SA (:Jvi tri Auto.

-Khi MBA qua tai. rdle qua dong ho~t dQng d6ng ti8'p die'm cung ca'p di~n cho rdle th(ji
gian KTP. Sau th(ji gian dinh trltdc ti8'p die'm dinh thl KTP d6ng cung ca'p di~n cho rdle
KL va qua trlnh ho~t d()ng tltdng tt! nhlt khi di-eu khie'n bhng tay.

~ : khi khdi uQngtit ABM ho~t dQnglam md tic'p uie'm ABM/b lam gian uo~n m~ch
di~n cung ca'pcho rdle KTP.
0

-Khi finh tr'ilng qua tai cha'm dUt, m'ilch se ngLfng ho'ilt dQng.

187

.
 ( ffinh ve 32, 33 trang sau)

al fJi'eu khi~n bhng tay

-Kh6a chuYe'nd vi tri MAN

e -Nhlin nut START (t\1 xa) hoi[ic SO. (tC,iich6), khdi dQng t\1 KO. hoC,itdQng d6ng ti6p
die-m lam li-cn mC,ichcling clip di<$ncho khdi dOng t\1 K.. Khi K. hoC,itdOng lam kin mC,ich
ngu'Ondi~n dQng l~c cling clip cho cac qUC,it
lam mat.
Mud'n ng\1ngqUC,it:ohlin nut STOP hoi[ic SO..

hI Di-eu khi~n tu donI! theo nhiet d6

-Kh6a chuYe'nd vi trf AUTO

-Khi nhi9t dO MBA Ion dc-n ml!c baa dOng ca'p 1, tie-p di~m ca'p 1 (11, 14) cua d'ong h'o
nhi~t dO d6ng nhung m~ch chua ho~t dOng. Khi nhil$t dO MBA Ien de-nml!c baa dOng ca'p
2, tie-p die'm ca'p 2 (21,24) d6ng ca'p dil$n cho khdi dOng tit KOz.
-CuOn KO2 lam vi~c d6ng tie'p die'm t\.f giu qua tie'p die-m ca'P 1 (11, 14), d'Ong th(ji ca'p

di~n cho KDT Kl.

-CuOn Kl ho~t dOng lam kin m~ch ngu'OndQng Il!c cling ca'p dil$n cho cac qu~t.
-M~ch chi ngung ho~t dOng khi nhil$t dO MBA tha'p hdn ml!c baa dOng ca'p 1 san khi tie-p
d'~ K 1 .
tern cap mo fa.

189

.
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11
 34- M~ch di;:n di'(:;ukhiin bQ dcA)i
n{(c co tai may bic'n ap ?

(ChQn thi d\.i bQ truy-en dQng dQng cd cua nha che' t~o MASCHINENFABRIK
REINHAUSEN, MR, ki~u MA7)

( Bfnh kern h1nh 34 trang sau )

Trt,ic bO d~i na-cc6 tai dlfQ'c quay theo hai chi-eu (t~ng va giam na-c) bdi mOt bO
truy~n dOng dOng cd di~n. DO truY'en dOng dOng cd di~n g'Bmc6 :

* Cac bQ ph~n cd khi, nhtt : tr\lc truy-en dQng chinh, cac banh rang, dia chi thi so' vi tri na'c.
may de'm so'1'anv~n hanh bQ dtJi na'c.

* cac b() phcjn die;n, g-om:

M I : D()ng cd die;n ba pha, 380V
KI : Cong t~c td ba pha, clip di~n cho dQng cd MI quay theo chi-cu "Tang"
K2 : Cong t~c td ba pha, ca'p die;n cho d()ng cd M I quay theo chi~u "Giam"
K3 : Cong tcic td ham ngt)-ngd()ng cd die;n M I
K20 : Rd Ie di~u khi~n "Di'Bu chinh tt)-ngna'c" (Step by step relay)
Q I : Cong tcic ba pha, clip die;n cho d()ng cd M I; Q I c6 bao ve; nhit$t va bao ve; bhng cu()n
day qua dong lcip hen trong; m()t cu()n day QI khac (220V AC) ]~p beD ngoai, khi tac
dQng se lam Md ba cong t,;{cQI
SI : Nut nha'n di-eu khii-n (t.;.i ch~) theo chi~u "Tang"
52 : Nut nhlin di-eukhii-n (t.;.i ch~) theo chi-eu"Giam"
55 : Nut ohlin d~ tac dQng Md d()t ngQt cong t~c QI, khi c'an
S6 : Tie-p di~m gidi h.;.ntheo chi~u tang, khi da d.;.t de-nvi tn na'c Idn nha't n
S7 : Tie-p di~m gidi h.;.n theo chi-eugiam, khi da d.;.tde-nvi trf na'c nho nha't (I)
S8 : Tic'p di~m an toan , lam hd m.;.ch die;n di-eu khi~n "Tang" "Giam" khi thao tac b()
truY'en d()ng bhng tay quay
512: Ti~p di~m do "cam" di-eu khi~n ,theo chi-cu "Tang"
SI4 : Ti~p di~m do "cam" di-eu khi~n ,theo chi-cu "Giam"
513 : Ti~p di~m do "cam" di~u khi~n , dung di-cu khi~n m.;.ch di~n theo nguyen t~c
"Di-cu chinh t\1ng nlic"
HI : Den chi thi "QI Md"; HII~p t.;.i Td bQ truy-en d()ng dQng cd
H2 : Den chi thi "QI Md"; H2 I~p t.;.i Td die;n di-cu khii-n T\1 xa
H3 : Den chi thi "B() truy-cn d()ng dang quay", H3 I~p t.;.i Tu die;n di-cu khii-n t\1xa
-Rl, R2 : die;n trd sa'Ych6'ng gm
-B I : B() di-cu chinh nhi~t d(), Thersmostat

a) Bi-eu khie'n " Tai ch6" theo chi-eu " Tang "

-l)~t kh6a chQnm~ch S32d vi tri "Local" (t~i ch~).l)6ng cong t~c Q.l.
-Nha'n nut di~u khie'n "tang" Sl, dong di<$nxoay chi~u t\1clfc pha Ll (tr~m n6i 11-12)~
Ql(13-14)~ S8(S-V)~ S32(1-2)~ S2(21-22)~ SI(13-14) ~ K20(51-52)~ S6(C-NC)
~ S6(S-V) ~ K2(21-22) ~ cuQnday Kl ~ clfc trung tinh N. Dong di<$nqua cuQnday
Kl, lam cong-t:1c-tdKl hut, d6ng ti6p die'm Kl(I-2), Kl(3-4), Kl (5-6), Kl(13-14), md
ti6p die'mKl(21-22).

190

.
 DOng di~n xoay chi~u cling ch~y qua cuQn day K3 nhlt situ : ctfc pha L 17 Q I (13-
14)7 S8(S-V)7 KI(5-6)7 cuQn day K37 lrung tinh N. Role K3 lac dQng. d6ng li8'p
di6m K3(13-14), K3(23-24), K3(33-34), K3(43-44), md K3(71-72), K3 (61-62), K3(81-
82), K3(91-92).

Dong di~n ba pha tir ngu'ondi~n 380V 30 (trc;tmn6i XI-2, XI-3, XI-4) ~ QI(I-
2), QI(3-4), QI(5-6) ~ S8(R-U), S8(T-W) ~ S6(R-U), S6(T-W) ~ KI(3-4), KI(1-2) ~
K3 (J3-14), K3(23-24), K3(33-34) ~ dOngcd diCn M I. dOngcd M 1 quay hOd6'i na'ctheo
chi~u "Tang".

Sau khi cong-tAc-td Kl hut, thl sc tlf duy trl b~ng dong di9n qua K20(71- 72) -7
KI(13-14) dong -7 S6(S-V)-7 K2(21-22)-7 cuQn day KI-7 trung tinh N. De'n khi dQng cd
quay d:;tt ~ 4/33 hanh trlnh mQt na'c thl tie'p di~m cam S14 dong, ngay sau do tie'p di~m
cam 513 cling d6ng. S14 dong, cho dong di~n qua S4 (C-NO.l) -7 S6(S-V) -7 K2(21-22)
-7 cuQn day Kl. S13 dong, cho dong di~n qua cuQn day rd Ie K20 va K20 tlf duy trl b~ng
tie'p di~m K20 (33-34). Rd Ie K20 lac dQng, mo tie'p di~m K20 (51-52) cua nut di-eu
khj~n 5 I ca'p dj~n cho Kl va cling mo tie'p dit'!m K20 (71-72) ng.1t m~ch tl! duy trl cua
KI. f)c'n day, cu()n day cong lac td KI dt/qc dj'cu khj~n tl! dQl1gb~ng tjc'P dj~m cam S14.
KI tje'P tl;tc hut, ca'p di~n cho dQng cd tie'p tl;tCquay.

Cho de-n khi dQng cd quay dc;it31/33 hanh tnnh thl hai tie-p di~m cam 513 va 514
md fa. 514 md, lam cuQn day Kl ma't di~n, dQng cd Ml bi ng~t die:n. Du chlla kip nhci nut
di-eu khi~n 51 thl sau khi 513,514 md, cuQn day Kl clIng v~n khong dllQc ca'p di~n (V]
con tie-p tl;lC nha'n nut 51 thl rd Ie K20 v~n t\.f duy tn S\.flac dQng, K20 (51-52) md lam hd
mc;ich).

Ngoai ra, khi KI ma't dit$n, ngung lac dOng, thl KI (5-6) mO, cling ngc1tdong dit$n
qua cuOn day K3. Rd Ie K3 ngirng lac dOng, md cac ti~p die'm (K3(13-14), K3(23-24), K3
(33-34), K3(43-44) va d6ng cac ti~p die'm K3(71-72), K3(61-62), K3(81-82), K3(91-92).
Ba d'Ilu day qua'n stator cua dOng cd M I n6'i t.4t (dOng cd M I sau kh1 bi ng.4t dit$n, con ti~p
tQc quay do quan tfnh de' hoan ta't 33/33 hanh trlnh mOt na'c), de-n day M 1 dlf(jc ham 1<;11
do tiT dlf ben trong dOng cd .Con tie-p die'm K3(43-44) md, sc ng.4t di9n K20. "Nhlf v~y,
sau khi nha'n nut di-eu khie'n S I, dOng cd da quay, thl sau d6 dli tie'p tQc nha'n S I hay nha
ra th. dOng cd M 1 v~n ti~p tl;ic quay de' d~t de-nvi tn na'c ke- tie-p r'oi it! dOng ngirng dOng
cd. N~u c'an tic'p tQc di-eu khie'n tang ho{lc giam th) phai nh.i nut di-eu khie'n va nha'n nut.
M~i l'an thao lac nha'n, chi thay dt1i dlf(jc mOt na'c (nguycn t.4c "Di-eu chinh tung na'c".).

-Khi b('j d(,i na'c da d vi tn na'c Idn nha't. ti6'p di6m gidi h~n 86 md fa. lam hd m~ch di~n
cu('jn day KI, do do, khong th~ di'Bu khi~n theo chi'Bu"Ta.ng" dliQc.

-Khi cuQn day K2 dang lac dQng , tie'p die'm K2(21-22) md nen KI bi hd mc;ichoi'eu
khi6'n (ngtf(jc lc;ii,khi KI dang lac oQngthi KI(21-22) md nen K2 bi hd mc;ichoi'eu khi6'n).
Day la nguyen tcic kh6a mc;ichlien oQng, khong cho hai cong tc1ctd KI va K2 cung lac
oQng, gay ngcin mc;ich.
-Khi lc1play quay vao bQ truy-en oQng oQng cd 06' thao lac thi ti~p oi6'm gioi h~n 88 md
ra, lam hd mc;tchoi-eu khi6'n va mc;ichoit';n ca'p cho oQngcd. Nho v~y, an loan khi thao lac
b~ng lay quay.

192

.
 b) ~i'eu khif!;n " T\1 xa" theo chi'eu "Tang "

-f)~c kh6a chQn m~ch 532 (1vi tri "I{cmotc" (Tt'r Xa).
-Nha'n nut dj-eu khj~n Tang 53, m~ch dj~n dj'cu khj~n d(jng cd M I theo chj-eu Tang lam
vjt';c nhu da mo ta tren.

c) Di~u khi~n "Tai Ch6" theo chi~u "Giam"

D~t kh6a 532 d vi tn "Local" va nha'n nut di'eUkhit1n Giam 52.

+ Dong di~n ch~y qua cuQn day K2 nhl.! sau :

Pha Ll (tr<;lm n6'i XI-12)7 Ql(13-14)7 58 (5-V)7 532(1-2)7 51(21-22)7 52 (13-
14)7 K20(61-62)7 57(C-NC) 7 57(5-V) -) Kl(21-22) -) coOn day K2 -) trung tinh N.
Cong t~c t<f K2 hut.

+ Dong di~n ch~y qua cuQnday K3 nhl! san:

Pha LI ~ QI (13-14) ~ S8 (S-V) ~ K2(5-6) ~ cuQnday K3 ~ trung tlnh N. Cong lac
td K3 hut.
* Dong di~n ba pha 380V dl!<jcca'pcho dQngcd di~n M I nhl! san:
Ba pha LI.L2,L3 ~ QI (1-2), QI(3-4), QI(5-6) ~ S8(R-U),S8(T-W)~ S7(R-U), S7(T-
W) ~ K2(3-4), K2(1-2) ~ K3(13-14), K3(23-24), K3(33-34) ~ dOngcd di~n MI. DOng
cd M I quay bQ d<1ina'ctheo chi-eu"Giam" (ngl!<jcvdi chi-euquay "Tang" (nhl! d5 mo ta
tren) VI trong hai trl!(Jngh<;1p
"T~ng ,. "Giam ". d5 hoan vi hai pha LI, L3 cua ngu'Ondit?n
ba pha ca'pcho dOngcd MI).

* Sau khi cong ttic td K2 hut, se tt! duy tr! b-angdong di~n qua K20(71-72) ~ K2( 13-J4)
~ S7(S-V) ~ KJ(21-22) ~ cuQnday K2 ~ trung tinh N.

De-nkhi dQng co quay ~ 4/33 hanh trlnh thl ti6'p di~m cam 512 d6ng, ti6'p theo tie-p
di~m cam 513 cling d6ng. 513 46ng, ca'p di9n cho cuQn day K20 va K20 cling ttf duy tn
hhng K20(33-34). Khi rd Ie K20 lac dQng, md K20(61-62) cua m~ch di<$nnut 52 ca'p cho
K2 va cling md K20(71- 72) ng.1t mC;ichttf duy tn cua K2. Be-n day, cuQn day K2 do tie-p
di~m cam 512 di-eu khi~n .Cho d6'n khi dQng cd quay dC;it31/33 hanh tnnh thl 512,513
md. 512 md lam K2 ma't dit?n, dQng cd MI hi ng~t di9n (MI vfin tie-p t\.iCquay doquan
tfnh). K2(5-6) md 7 cong t~c to K3 nha 7 K3(61-62), K3(71-72), K3(81-82), K3(91-92)
d6ng 7 n6i t~t day qua'n stator cua M 17M I hi Itfc ham do tir dt! ben trong nen ngirng
I~i. (Nguyen t.1c "Bi-eu chinh flIng na'c" nht! da mo fa).

-Khi b() dl1 na'c dang d na'c nho nha't (na'c I), tie'p di~m 57 md ra, lam ho m~ch K2, khong
th C utCUkh tcn
R","" 'R t hco c h""
tCUglam
..", ul!Qc ,
-Vi<;c kh6a m~ch lien dOng, khong cho hai cong t.1cto Kiva K2 cling lac dOng, d.'i mo ta
(~trcn.

d) ~i'l;u khi~n "Tt'r Xa" theo chi'l;u "Giam "

-D~t kh6a chQn m'ilch 532 <':fvi tn "Remote" (Tt'r Xa)

-Nha'n nut 54, dong dit'?n ch'ilY qua m~ch di-eu khi~n "Giam" nhu'da mo ta tren.

193

.
 ) N J .-t.,. b ,. '" ,-t,.
C Ngat l11Cn DO truycn l1Qng
-Khi c-anng~l ui9n cho ngt'rng d(>l ng(>ld(>ng c(1 di9n MI. lh) nhKn nut 55 (t~i ch~) ho~c
nhlin nut 59 (Tir xa). Dong di<$nqua cuQn day Q I, Q I tac d()ng md cong t.1c. Q I (1-2),
QI(3-4), QI(5-6) md, ng.1tui<$n3 pha clip cho d()ng cd Ml
-Ne'u c6 blit thltong d bQ truY'en dQng dQng cd lam cho m~ch dit?n n6i tie'p SI4(C-NO2),
Kl(31-32). SI3(NCI-NC2) kin m~ch ho~c m~ch di<$nS12(C-NO2), K2(31-32) ,SI3(NCl-
NC2) kin m~ch th} cuQn day QI co di<$n,se tLf dQng ng.1t di<$ncho ngirng dQt ngQt bQ
'" .-t,.
truycn uQng.
6)

1) Mach dien den chi thi

-Khi cong t~c Q 1 md thl tie-p die'm Q 1(21-22) d6ng, den H 1 (t~i tti truy-cn dQng) va den
H2 (t~i tti di-cu khie'n tt)' xa) sang, chi thj "Q1Md" m~ch di~n bQ truy-cn dQng bi ma't
"-
nguan.

-Khi bQ truy-en d()ng dang quay theo chi-eu Tang. Kl(43-44) dong ho(tc dang quay theo
chi-eu giam. K2(43-44) d6ng. Cci hai tntong hQp d-euca'p di~n cho den H3 sang. chi thi
"BQ truy-en dQng dang quay"

g) Mach dien trd sa'vch({n2 gm Tu truv'cn donjt

-Di<;n trd sa'y RI c6 dit?n thltong xuycn.
-Dit?n trd sa'yR2 c6 dit?n khi ti6p di~m bQ tt! dQng di-eu nhit?t
Thermostat BI(I-2) dong (nhit?t dQ trong tu truy-en dQng tha'p hdn mli'c nhit?t dQ da d~t
trltoc cho BI).

h) Mach dien chi thi vi tn na'c

Vi tri na'c cua bQ d6'i na'c dtt<;1c
chi thi bang dia chi thi co vl;1chs6. ldp tl;1itu truy-en dQng
dQng cd
Vi tri na'c dtt<;1c
chi thi tl;1itu di-eu khie'n tt1xa. b~ng ml;1chdi~n den chi thi vi tri na'c.
Ml;1chdi~n chi thi nay dtt<;1C n6i v(Ji bQ titp di~m 540 g'om nhi-eu titp die'm c6 mQt ctfc
chung. Ung v(Ji m6i vi tri na'c. se d6ng mQt titp dil-m cho ml;1chden chi thi na'c d6 lam
'"
v19c.

194

.
 35. Ch~m d'1t dii;n mQt chi'eucua m~ch dii;n kilfm soat ?

Do ph'an Ion cac m~ch di~n ki~m soat trong tr~m bic'n ap dung di~n m()t chi-cu Den
c6 th~ xay ra ch~m da't di~n m()t chi-cu trong tr~m.

Khi d.Oic6 m(}t di6'm dudng (P+) ho~c am (N-) ch~m da't ma khans phat hi9n va
stYachua thl khi chl;1md{{t them m(}t di6'm th(( hai, co th6' lam thie't bi (rd Ie, may c~t) tac
d(}ng sai ho~c gay ch~p m~ch .

(Hinh 35)

PC-I-) C '" , N(-)

1i~pd/efu uon md..:
ru Ie NE
111O!)
I
ngCl-ry--y, / 510
~--- .~-
't-
Del1 mqch
'l.1I II I .-<;-. N~J;"O- -
CJ'~n ~ lac
Nt ' ,,'
---r:; ~ Dcn ,nac I') -J
-b c1;~,nkl~ac

(52 t ' '" .of' R h 7 h ,{ ,of" kh ' ..,{ ,of" M ..,{ b ' ...of" .
-a: lCp ulcm p ~ cua may cat, uong 1 may cat uong, ay cat! tac uQng m(J

sai khi ch~m da't thorn mOt di8'm tha hai N2 sau khi da ch~m da't t~i di~m N 1 .Truong hQp
da ch~m da't t~i di8'm N 1 mil ch~m da't them di~m tha hai t~i N3 thi so gay ch~p m~ch )

* MOt thf dl;l v-e m~ch dit$n ki~m tra ch~m da't dit$n mOt chi-eu (mnh 36)

-'?o- N "o, -.:t,..'

01 (JE~n
rnc;Jchd j~n
,-' I '" ,I
R ,. #.laa l'~U sL( CO
,
ch<;1m dol.
di~n r1101 cllie'u
1\ r

ItJ'i"

.
 Hai di~n tro R va hai den P, N gi(fng nhau va c1i-euco thl; chill duQ'cdi~n ap UrN
a) Khi khon g co cham da't : UPB= UEN= ~ (E Ia dil;m da't)
.2

Nha'n nut kil;m tra K thl hai den sang nhu nhau va khong co dong di~n qua rd Ie bao
chl;tm da't di~n mQt chi-eu64D.

b) Khi co ch~m da't di~n mQt chi-eu tren m~ch di~n cl,ic dt1dng P ho~c am N thl di~n ap
cua cl,ic d<.S
so vdi da't ( UPE ho~c UEN) hi giam xu6'ng, con di~n ap cua cl,ic con I~i se
tang len (vlluon luon co UPE + UEN = UrN). Nha'n nut k~m tra thl den cua phfa cl,ic hi
ch~m da't se sang it ( ho~c den tc1tne'u ch~m dflt trl,ic tie'p) con den cua phia cl,ic con I~i se
sang nhi-eu hdn; co dong dj~n qua rd Ie 640 lam rd Ie nay tac dQng" Tie'p di~m cd Ie 640
dong I~i cho tin hi~u m~ch di~n baa sl,i co' ch~m da't di~n mQt chi-eu ( b~ng chu6ng , den
bao...)

Trong tr~m bitn ap, c6 tu dit?n phan pho'i dit?n m()t chi-eu, trong d6 c6 the- I.1p
thanh cai di~n m()t chi-eu( ct!c dl.tdng ky hi~u man do, ct!c am ky hit?u man xanh), l.1p ap-
to-mat t~ng de' thanh cai nh~n di<;n tit h() accu cua tr~m va cac ap-to-mat ca'p diGn tit
thanh cai de-ncac ph\} tAi (m~ch dit?n kie-m soat ) cua tr~m. Trcn thanh cai co th~ n6i cac
m~ch dit?n von kt'5'do dit?n ap m()t chi-eu.

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