LARYNGITIS

1
2 DEFINITION:
It is the inflammation of larynx leading to oedema of laryngeal mucosa
and underlying structures.

3 ETIOLOGY :
INFECTIOUS:

Viral laryngitis can be caused by rhinovirus, influenza virus, para influenza

virus, adenovirus, coronavirus, and RSV.Bacterial laryngitis can be caused by group A
streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, C. diphtheriae, M. catarrhalis,haemophilus
influenzae, bordetella pertussis, and M. tuberculosis.Fungal laryngitis can be caused
by Histoplasma, Candida (especially in immunocompromised persons)

4 NON INFECTIOUS :
Inhaled fumes Acid reflux disease Allergies
Excessive coughing, smoking, or alcohol consumption. Inflammation due
to overuse of the vocal cords Prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma
treatment Thermal or chemical burns Laryngeal trauma, including iatrogenic one caused
by endotracheal intubation

5 Predisposing factors: Smoking Psychological strain Physical stress

6 Pathophysiology :
Due to etiological factors ----

The mucosa of the larynx becomes congested and may become

oedematous -----

A fibrinous exudate may occur on the surface---

Signs and symptoms -----

sometimes infection involves the perichondrium of laryngeal cartilages

producing perichondritiis.
 7 CLINICAL FEATURES :
Husky,

high pitched voice.

Body aches, Fever, Malaise.

Dysphonia (hoarseness) or aphonia (inability to speak)

Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)

Dyspnea (difficulty in breathing),

predominantly in children Dry, burning throat

Dry irritating paroxysmal cough.Cold or flu-like symptoms Swollen lymph nodes in the
throat, chest, or face

Hemoptysis (coughing out blood)

Increased production of saliva.

8 Dry thick sticky secretions.

Dusky red and swollen vocal cords.

congestion of laryngeal mucosa.

9 TREATMENT SUPPORTIVE:
Voice rest

Steam inhalation

Cough suppressants
Avoid smoking

Avoid cold climate and cold Fluid intake.

10 TREATMENTDEFINITIVE:
 If laryngitis due to gastroesophageal reflux, an H2-inhibitor (ranitidine) or proton-
pump inhibitor (omeprazole) is used to reduce gastric acid secretions
 If laryngitis is caused by thermal or chemical burns, steroids are used
 In viral laryngitis, drinking sufficient fluids will be helpful.
 If laryngitis is due to a bacterial or fungal infection, appropriate antibiotic or
antifungal therapy is given.
 To improve vocal hygiene

Drinking lot of fluids - Drink 7-9 glasses of water per day;

herbal tea and chicken soup also provides soothing effect.maintaining
good general health - Exercise regularly.
Avoiding smoking - They are bad for the heart, lungs and vocal tract.
Eating a balanced diet - Include vegetables, fruits and whole grain foods.
Avoid dry, artificial interior climates.
Do not eat late at night - may have problems when stomach acid backs up
on the vocal cords.
Use a humidifier to assist with hydration.