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Hệ thống động lực tĩnh tại
Hệ thống động lực tĩnh tại
Da Nang 16/5/2024
Introduction
The stationary propulsion system engine has become an essential part of modern life,
playing a crucial role in providing energy for daily activities. One popular type of
stationary propulsion system is the diesel engine used for power generation. Diesel
engines used for power generation employ the operating principles of diesel engines to
produce electrical energy.
The utility of diesel engines for power generation is diverse and beneficial in daily life.
They are widely used in construction sites, power stations, apartment buildings, schools,
hospitals, and various industries. In the event of a power outage, diesel engines for power
generation will automatically operate to provide backup power, ensuring the continuous
operation of important devices and systems.
One famous and noteworthy model of diesel engine for power generation is the
Mitsubishi 650KVA engine. Mitsubishi is a brand from Japan. It is a good quality brand.
Especially very trusted and chosen for use in Vietnam.
The Mitsubishi 650KVA generator, utilizing S6R2-PTA-C engine. With a capacity of
650KVA, this generator is capable of supplying sufficient energy to serve multiple
devices and systems in a large area. The Mitsubishi 650KVA engine is designed for
efficient and durable operation, ensuring continuous and stable power supply. In addition,
with reasonable prices, Mitsubishi 650KVA generators are being widely used in private or
foreign-invested projects such as industrial factories, office buildings and hotels..
I. SPECIFICATIONS OF MITSUBISHI 650KVA GENERATOR
1. Basic specifications of Mitsubishi 650KVA
2.1. Engine
- The Mitsubishi China 650 kVA generator uses the S6R2-PTA-C engine manufactured at
the Mitsubishi Shanghai factory (SEM) - a joint venture of Mitsubishi (Japan) in
Shanghai, China.
- S6R2-PTA-C is equipped with 6 cylinders arranged in line, with a maximum capacity of
up to 635 kW (792 kVA) helping the MS715D5 be ready to meet a maximum load of 715
kVA. In addition, the engine is equipped with a 500C water tank suitable for the hot
climate in Vietnam.
PRINCIPAL PARTICULARS
Model MITSUBISHI S6R2 – PTA – C
Type 4 cycle stroke, water cooled diesel
engine
Combustion chamber Direct injection type
Aspiration Turbocharged with after cooler
Number of cylinders 6–L
Bore x stroke 170mm x 220mm
Total displacement 29.96L
Compression radio 14.1 : 1
Firing order 1–5–3–6–2–4
Direction of rotation Counter clockwise as viewed from
flywheel side
Engine dimensions Length Apx. 1945.5mm
Width Apx. 1050.5mm
Height Apx. 1578mm
Dry weight Apx. 2900kg (without accessories)
2.2. Alternator
- The MS715D5 unit uses the generator model TAL-A473-F from Leroy Somer (France)
manufactured at the Leroy Somer factory in Fujian, China.
- The TAL-A473-F generator is a brushless automatic generator, automatically adjusting
voltage through AVR with ±1% voltage stability to ensure safety for consuming devices
(electricity).
Basic parameter table of Leroy Somer/TAL-A473-F player:
Manufacturer Leroy Somer (France)
Model TAL – A473 – F
Origin China
Power 650 kVA
Voltage, frequency 230/400 V, 50 Hz
Number of phases and wires 3 phase, 4 wires
Voltage stability ±1%
Power factor 0.8
Insulation level H level
Protection level IP23
a. Fuel tank
- The fuel tank is used to store the amount of fuel necessary for the engine to work
continuously for a certain period of time. Normally in a diesel generator set, the fuel tank
has enough capacity for the machine to operate for 8-10 hours continuously.
b. Fuel Filter
- The diesel engine for the generator will be equipped with 2 fuel filters: a coarse filter
and a fine filter.
- The coarse filter is used to pre-filter large mechanical impurities from the fuel, before
the fuel is transferred to the push pump (the pump transfers fuel from the fuel tank to the
fuel system). The coarse filter is capable of filtering impurities 0.04-0.09 mm in size.
- The fine filter is used to thoroughly filter mechanical impurities contained in the fuel
before sending the fuel to the high-pressure pump.
c. Feed pump (also known as low pressure pump)
- The push pump is used to suck fuel from the tank through the coarse filter into the fine
filter with a certain pressure. The most common pump is the piston pump.
d. Injection pump (also know as high pressure pump)
- The high-pressure pump has the role of compressing diesel oil at high pressure (up to
1000 kg/cm 2 ) to push fuel to each injector, ensuring enough flow and the right time to
inject fuel.
e. Injection nozzle
- The injector receives high-pressure fuel from the high-pressure pump to spray into the
combustion chamber of the engine cylinder into small mist-like particles. The
requirements for the nozzle are to ensure even spraying, no dripping, and the fuel sprayed
into the combustion chamber must be fine mist.
2. Lubrication system
2.1. Duties of the lubrication system
- The diesel engine's lubrication system is responsible for providing clean lubricating oil
in the necessary amount at a certain temperature and pressure to the friction surfaces of
machine parts when the engine is working.
- More specifically, lubricating oil will reduce friction loss and wear of machine parts;
cooling of surfaces by friction; clean soot and metal filings produced by worn machine
parts on working surfaces; At the same time, it protects machine parts from oxidation and
increases the tightness between assembled pairs.
2.2. Requirements for lubrication system
- Deliver a continuous and uniform supply of lubricant:The system should be able to
provide a consistent flow of lubricant to all the necessary parts of the machine at the
appropriate rate. This ensures that there is always enough lubricant to prevent wear and
tear.
- Maintain proper pressure: The pressure of the lubricant should be high enough to
overcome friction and deliver the lubricant to all the required areas. However, it should
not be too high as this can lead to energy waste and power loss.
- Cleanliness: The lubricant needs to be clean and free of contaminants. Contamination
can increase wear and tear on machine parts. The lubrication system should include filters
to remove contaminants from the lubricant.
- Reliability: The lubrication system should be reliable and function properly over a long
period. This means that the components of the system should be durable and well-
maintained.
- Compatibility: The lubricant used in the system must be compatible with the materials
of the machine parts. Incompatible lubricants can damage the machine.
2.3. Diagram of the lubrication system
a. Oil pump
- This is the part responsible for providing lubricating oil to the surfaces that need
lubrication in the engine. Oil pumps can be gear, vane, piston or centrifugal, operating on
the principle of creating pressure to push oil.
b. Oil strainer
- Oil strainer act as a first line of defense, catching larger contaminants like dirt, debris,
metal shavings, or worn-out particles before they reach the main filter.
c. Oil filter
- Oil filter is a full-flow filter which reigns supreme as the primary guardian of clean oil.
It's the workhorse responsible for removing contaminants that could harm engine.
- Oil filter continuously cleans all the lubricant circulating in the system. It traps
contaminants like dirt, wear debris, metal shavings, and other impurities that can cause
friction, accelerate wear, and ultimately damage machine components.
d. Bypass oil filter
- Unlike the main filter, which cleans all the lubricant circulating in the system, a bypass
filter only cleans a portion of the oil flow.
- It's essentially a secondary filtration stage that works when the main filter gets clogged
or when there's a high pressure surge in the system.
e. Safety valve
- A safety valve acts as a pressure relief valve. It safeguards the lubrication system from
dangerously high pressure buildups.
- The valve remains closed during normal operation when oil pressure stays within the
designated safe range.
f. Relief valve
- Similar to safety valves, relief valves act as pressure control devices. Their primary
function is to regulate pressure in a system by releasing excess fluid when it surpasses a
predetermined level.
- Unlike safety valves, which typically only operate in emergency situations, relief valves
can also be used for normal system operation. They can open and close more frequently
to maintain pressure within a desired operating range.
g. Oil cooler
- The oil cooler is responsible for cooling the lubricating oil when the oil temperature is
too high. Lubricating oil during operation will absorb heat from moving parts, leading to
an increase in temperature. If the oil temperature is too high, the oil will decompose and
lose its lubricating ability. Therefore, the oil cooler will help lower the oil temperature to
a suitable level to ensure effective lubrication.
h. Main oil gallery
- It's a network of passages drilled or cast directly into the engine block, cylinder head,
and sometimes even the crankshaft.
- The main oil gallery acts as the oil's highway, serving as the primary channel for
delivering pressurized oil from the oil pump to various critical engine components.
3. Cooling System
3.1. Duties of the cooling system
- The duties of the cooling system is to dissipate heat from the engine's parts while
working, keeping the temperature of the parts from exceeding the allowable value to
ensure normal working conditions of the engine. .
- For diesel engines, generators will be cooled using the forced circulation cooling
method (a closed loop).
3.2. Requirements for cooling system
- Heat Dissipation Capacity: The core requirement of a cooling system is to remove
excess heat effectively. It needs to be able to absorb the heat generated by the engine or
machine and transfer it away to the surrounding environment
- Efficient Heat Transfer: The system should excel at transferring heat from the hot
source (engine) to the coolant and then from the coolant to the surrounding air or another
cooling medium. This efficient heat transfer relies on good thermal conductivity of the
materials used in the system's components.
- Temperature Regulation: The cooling system must maintain the engine or machine
within a specific optimal operating temperature range. This is crucial for peak
performance, fuel efficiency, and preventing wear and tear on components. A thermostat
is often used to regulate coolant flow and ensure the engine reaches its proper operating
temperature quickly and stays within the desired range.
- Proper Coolant Circulation: To achieve efficient heat transfer, the system needs to
ensure a consistent and adequate flow of coolant throughout the engine or machine. This
circulation is typically maintained by a coolant pump that forces the coolant through the
system.
- Leak Prevention: A well-maintained cooling system should be free of leaks. Leaks can
lead to coolant loss, reduced system effectiveness, and potential engine overheating.
- Maintainability: The cooling system should be designed for easy maintenance and
inspection. This allows for timely replacement of worn-out components and ensures the
system's continued effectiveness.
3.3. Diagram of the cooling system
a. Water pump
- The water pump is responsible for propelling the coolant throughout the entire engine
cooling system. This continuous circulation is essential for absorbing heat from the
engine block and cylinder head, the areas that generate the most heat during operation.
b.Water jacket
- The water jacket's primary function is to provide a direct path for the engine coolant to
circulate around the hottest parts of the engine. This close contact allows the coolant to
absorb heat effectively from the engine block and cylinder head, preventing them from
overheating.
c. Radiator
- The radiator's primary function is to transfer heat away from the engine coolant. It
acts as an intermediary between the hot coolant and the surrounding air. As the coolant
travels through the radiator's thin tubes, air flows through the fins, facilitating heat
exchange.
d. Thermostat
- The thermostat controls the direction and amount of coolant circulating through the
engine.
- When the engine is cold, the thermostat remains closed, restricting coolant flow to the
radiator. This allows the engine to warm up faster and reach its ideal operating
temperature quicker.
- Once the engine reaches its designated operating temperature, the thermostat gradually
opens. This allows the hot coolant to flow freely to the radiator, where the airflow helps
dissipate heat and cool the coolant down.
- As the engine temperature fluctuates during operation (due to increased load or changes
in ambient temperature), the thermostat constantly adjusts its opening and closing to
maintain a stable temperature range.
e. Bypass pipe
- When the engine is cold, the thermostat remains closed. This restricts the flow of
coolant to the radiator. However, the bypass pipe provides an alternative path for the
coolant to circulate directly to the water pump without passing through the radiator and
continuing to cool throughout the engine.
4. Starter System
- To start a diesel engine, it is necessary to provide energy to rotate the engine crankshaft
to the necessary rotation speed (about 125-200 rpm) for the engine to start and work on
its own.
- The MS715D5 unit uses an electric motor starting system to rotate the engine's
crankshaft with an electric motor powered by direct current supplied by the battery. The
shaft of the starter is connected to the crankshaft of the engine through a pair of
transmission gears.
- In diesel engines, the capacity of the starter is usually equal to 5-15% of the capacity of
the entire diesel engine.
5. Inlet and Exhaust System
- The primary function of a turbocharger is to increase the air intake of an engine. This
additional air, when combined with the proper amount of fuel, leads to more combustion
and, consequently, more power output.
V.
5.1. Troubleshooting of common failures
Reason of failure Troubleshooting
1 diesel engine cannot be started properly
1 Low starting engine speed
1)Low battery capacity or loose connector 1)Charging:tighten the connector
securely; repair the binding post if
2) Poor contact between carbon brush of necessary.
starter and rectifier. 2)Repair or replace carbon brush.
3)Starter teeth cannot be inserted into the 3)Move the flywheel disk; check the
flywheel gear ring. installation of starter if necessary to ensure
2 Abnormal fuel system that starter is parallel to the axis line of
1)Empty fuel tank or valve of fuel tank is gear ring.
closed.
2)Air in fuel system or water mixed in 1)Refill:open the valve.
fuel or fuel leakage for the connectors. 2)Discharge the air;change the diesel
3)Fuel circuit blockage. fuel; tighten the connector securely.
4)Fuel supply pump is not properly 3)Clean the pipelines;replace the
working. element of fuel filter; clean the fuel inlet
5)Fuel injector is not working or giving a pipe of fuel supply pump.
poor performance with low torque and bad 4)Check for any leakage of fuel inlet pipe
atomization; broken pressure adjustment of fuel supply pump; check the fuel supply
spring of fuel injector; blockage of pump.
injection hole. 5)Remove and check the fuel injector with
6)Leakage of fuel outlet valve for fuel the tester; inspect the starting of fuel
injection pump; broken spring; abrasive injection pump.
plunger and barrel assembly. 6)Grinding: repair or replace spare parts.
3 Poor compression pressure
1)Excessively large valve clearance.
2)Air leakage of valves. 1)Make adjustment as specified.
3)Air leakage of cylinder head liner. 2)Grinding valve.
4)Piston ring is abrasive, gumming or 3)Replace cylinder head liner and screw
repeated in the opening. the bolt of cylinder head tightly as
4 Other reasons specified.
1)Excessively low air temperature or large 4)Replacement, cleaning and adjustment.
oil viscosity.
2)Water mixed in the combustion chamber 1)Fill the cooling system with hot water;
or cylinders preheat starting technology is
recommended; Use the designated oil
grade.
2)Inspection, repair, replacement