APPLICATION OF AI IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

1.INTRODUCTION

AI and machine learning are being used by construction companies as a sensible method to
digitize the business. AI tools are extremely beneficial in the construction business since they
aid in the efficient and precise planning, designing, and construction processes. AI in
construction is altering the way the industry does business.

The construction industry, often seen as a traditional sector, is undergoing a remarkable

transformation with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). The use of AI in
construction is revolutionizing the way projects are planned, designed, executed, and
managed. With the help of AI, construction companies can streamline processes, enhance
safety, reduce costs, and improve overall project efficiency. This article delves deep into the
various applications of AI in the construction industry, exploring how this technology is
reshaping the future of building and

2.Planning Process Automation

Traditionally, builders would spend weeks designing the perfect manual models. Because
good preparation could not be compromised, the procedure took a long time, resulting in
customer loss.

Artificial intelligence can design any type of project more quickly and accurately. By
digitizing current projects, these smart robots can help create similar ones in less time.

The machine can compute statistics from previously completed work. The dimensions,
materials, cost, and location are then real-time assessed. Following analysis, faultless designs
can be developed considerably more quickly. Customization options are also available for
builders, allowing them to make the plan more customer-friendly.

Building Information Modeling is one such approach. This 3D model-based method provides
insights to engineering, architecture, and construction professionals, allowing them to
efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure.

2.i) AI for improved building design via generative design

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a 3D model-based method that enables architects,

engineers, and construction professionals to plan, design, construct, and manage buildings
and infrastructure more efficiently. To plan and design a project's construction, 3D models
must consider the architecture, engineering, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP)
plans, as well as the sequence of activities of the separate teams. The problem is to ensure
that the various models from the sub-teams do not collide.

2.ii) Design and Planning

AI-powered generative design tools are transforming the way buildings are envisioned and
planned. Architects and engineers may use AI to generate a large number of design iterations
depending on particular factors. Material utilisation, cost-efficiency, and environmental effect
are all elements considered by such tools, opening the way for new and efficient designs. For
example, Autodesk's generative design programme demonstrates the ability of AI in
optimising structures for both function and beauty.

BIM (Building Information Modelling): The combination of BIM and AI is radically

changing the design and planning phases of building projects. AI can analyse BIM data to
find possible incompatibilities, optimise building systems, and simulate different construction
scenarios. This leads in more efficient and error-free designs, decreasing the need for costly
changes during construction.

Predictive Analytics: AI can analyse previous project data to forecast potential issues and
bottlenecks. Predictive analytics enable project stakeholders to more correctly forecast
project costs and schedules, allowing for improved planning and resource allocation.

2.iii) Project preparation

One construction intelligence firm debuted in 2017 with the promise that its robotics and
artificial intelligence would solve the problem of delayed and overbudget building projects.
The startup utilizes robots to autonomously acquire 3D scans of construction sites, which are
then fed into a deep neural network that classifies the progress of various sub-projects. If
things start to go off the rails, the management team can step in to deal with minor concerns
before they become large ones. Future algorithms will employ an AI approach known as
"reinforcement learning." This method enables algorithms to learn through trial and error.
Based on similar projects, it may evaluate an infinite number of combinations and options. It
helps with project planning since it optimizes the optimal path and self-corrects over time.

3.Functionality of Automated Machines

Traditional construction equipment such as cranes, bulldozers, and excavators are obviously
hazardous to the functioning of any construction site. Poor planning and incorrect usage of
such construction items can lead to significant injuries and even death.

Artificial intelligence tools, on the other hand, make such construction machines more secure
and safer. By merging autonomous technologies and sensors, regular machines are raised to
automatic tools, resulting in faster, safer, and more efficient processes.

3.i) Better Project Management

Project management is an important component of building, and AI may help improve it.
Artificial intelligence-powered project management solutions can automate operations like
scheduling, resource allocation, and progress tracking. These systems can detect possible
delays or resource shortages in real time and recommend solutions, allowing project
managers to make educated decisions quickly.

AI continues to play a role in building management once construction is done. AI-powered

solutions can monitor and anticipate the state of building systems such as HVAC and
electrical. This proactive strategy lowers downtime and increases the longevity of
construction components.

3.ii) 3D Modelling and Project Visualisation

Artificial intelligence-powered software can generate comprehensive 3D models and

visualisations of building projects. These models may help with design review, stakeholder
presentations, and providing a clear grasp of the end outcome before construction begins.

3.iii) Autonomous Construction Vehicles

Autonomous construction equipment powered by AI, such as bulldozers and excavators, are
becoming more widespread on construction sites. These vehicles can accomplish jobs with
pinpoint accuracy, increasing efficiency and safety. They may also work around the clock,
which helps to shorten project schedules.

4.Evaluation of the Construction Site

With new drones photographing preferred construction sites, AI tools are assisting sites to
reach new heights. Aerial Mapping Software is a set of tools that captures 2D and 3D
photographs of a construction site using self-directed technology. The photos are then
examined and converted to standard file formats such as PDF, CAD, and BIM.

4.i) Building Information Modelling (BIM)

Building Information Modelling is an important part of current building projects, and AI

may help to improve its capabilities. Before building begins, AI systems may analyse BIM
data to discover possible incompatibilities or design faults. This avoids costly rework and
delays, ensuring that projects are completed on time and under budget.

5.Optimisation of Site Layout

To optimise the architecture of building sites, AI systems may analyse topographical data
and site-specific factors. This involves finding the ideal location for structures, equipment,
and access points to maximise efficiency and safety.

5.i) Optimisation of Soil and Foundation

AI can analyse soil conditions and offer the best foundation design, preventing structural
problems in the long term.

5.ii) Quality Assurance and Inspection

AI is dramatically enhancing construction quality control and inspection processes. AI

systems can use computer vision technology to analyse photographs and videos collected on-
site for flaws, safety breaches, or deviations from design plans. This automation guarantees
that building projects fulfil quality requirements and are safe.
6.Cost Control Throughout the Project

Most large construction enterprises must frequently invest more money. The larger the
project, the greater the investment. In this aspect, AI tools serve as fortune tellers.

Machine learning aids in the analysis of diverse projects and the regulation of variables that
may result in project difficulties. An Artificial Neural Network is one such technology that
may be used to analyze employee performance, start dates, material costs, and other variables
of interest. Then dealing with complex project designs becomes easy.

6.i) Budgeting and Cost Estimation

To give reliable cost estimates, AI-driven cost estimating technologies may analyse past
project data, market trends, and project specifications. This improves budget planning and
lowers the danger of expense overruns.

6.ii) Workforce Shortage Solution

The shortage of competent personnel is a big concern to the building sector. To overcome this
barrier, building companies have begun to invest in AI and machine learning.

According to a McKinsey assessment, construction businesses may increase efficiency by

over 50% by adopting real-time data analysis. With the assistance of AI and machine
learning, the distribution of personnel and mechanized equipment in many construction
industries is becoming more proficient.

Construction firms are investing in AI and data science due to labor shortages and a drive to
increase the industry's low productivity. According to a McKinsey report from 2017,
construction businesses might increase efficiency by up to 50% by analyzing data in real
time. Construction firms are beginning to employ artificial intelligence and machine learning
to better arrange the deployment of manpower and machinery across jobs.

A robot that constantly evaluates task progress and the location of personnel and equipment
allows project managers to instantaneously know which job sites have enough workers and
equipment to complete the project on time, and which may be lagging behind and require
additional manpower.

Spot the Dog, an AI-powered robot, can independently inspect a jobsite every night to assess
progress, allowing a huge contractor like Mortenson to complete more work in remote places
where specialized labor is in short supply.

7.Risk Reduction

Every construction project contains some risk, which can take many forms, including quality,
safety, schedule, and cost risk . Companies have begun to use AI and machine learning to
reduce risk. Every construction project involves some level of risk in terms of quality, safety,
timeliness, and cost. To monitor and prioritize risk on the construction site, general
contractors use AI and machine learning solutions. This allows the project team to focus their
limited resources and time on the most important risk variables, reducing hazards.

Because several subcontractors operate on different trades on job sites at the same time, the
larger the project, the greater the risk. AI is used to automatically prioritize concerns.
Construction managers can engage closely with high-risk teams to limit risk by rating
subcontractors based on a risk score.

AI-powered cameras and sensors can monitor building sites for safety compliance in real
time, spotting risks, risky practises, and possible accidents

7.i) Artificial intelligence for construction safety

Construction workers are five times more likely than other workers to be killed on the job.
According to OSHA, the primary causes of private sector mortality in the construction
business (excluding highway crashes) were falls, followed by being struck by an object,
electrocution, and being caught-in/between. A Boston-based construction technology firm
developed an algorithm that analyzes photos from job sites, checks them for safety dangers
like workers not wearing protective equipment, and links the images with accident records.
According to the company, it can possibly compute risk ratings for projects in order to hold
safety briefings when an elevated threat is discovered. In 2020, it even started grading and
issuing safety scores for each U.S. state based on COVID-19 compliance.

AI-powered safety solutions use computer vision to monitor building sites in real time. They
may detect possible risks such as workers not wearing safety equipment or risky working
circumstances and immediately notify supervisors, considerably improving workplace safety.

Drones and Robotics: Drones with AI capabilities are rapidly being used for site inspections,
progress monitoring, and aerial picture capture for analysis. Robotics, on the other hand, are
used for dangerous operations such as site surveying and concrete pouring, which improves
worker safety even more.

Wearable AI gadgets, such as smart helmets and vests, can monitor employees' vital signs
and offer early warnings of health risks. They also improve communication and coordination
among construction workers on-site

AI may help to improve it. Wearables driven by artificial intelligence, such as smart helmets
and vests, can monitor employees' vital signs, tiredness levels, and even detect dangerous
behaviours. These devices can transmit quick notifications to supervisors or emergency
personnel in the case of an emergency or disaster, potentially saving lives.

Safety is a primary consideration in construction, and AI may help to improve it. Wearables
driven by artificial intelligence, such as smart helmets and vests, can monitor employees' vital
signs, tiredness levels, and even detect dangerous behaviours. These devices can transmit
quick notifications to supervisors or emergency personnel in the case of an emergency or
disaster, potentially saving lives.
AI-powered cameras and sensors can monitor building sites for safety compliance in real
time, spotting risks, risky practises, and possible accidents.

8.The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Construction

Robotics, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things can save construction costs by up
to 20%. Engineers can put on virtual reality goggles and deploy mini-robots into under-
construction buildings. These robots employ cameras to track the progress of the work. In
modern structures, artificial intelligence is being utilized to plan the routing of electrical and
plumbing systems. AI is being used by businesses to create worksite safety measures.
Artificial intelligence is being used to track the real-time interactions of personnel,
machinery, and items on the job site and to inform supervisors of potential safety hazards,
construction errors, and productivity issues.

Despite fears of significant job losses, artificial intelligence is unlikely to replace the human
labor. Instead, technology will change construction business models, eliminate costly errors,
reduce worker injuries, and improve building operations.

Construction leaders should prioritize investment based on areas where AI can have the
greatest influence on their company's specific needs. Early adopters will decide the industry's
course and gain both short and long term.

Autonomous Construction Machinery: The development of autonomous construction

machinery is growing quickly. AI-powered robots can do activities like excavation, grading,
and bricklaying with greater precision and efficiency than human operators, offering
enhanced productivity and lower labour costs.

AI-Powered Collaboration Platforms: AI-powered collaboration platforms are designed to

increase communication and data sharing among project stakeholders such as architects,
engineers, contractors, and clients. This will improve project collaboration and decision-
making.

AI in Facility Management: AI will continue to be useful in facility management after

construction. AI-driven solutions will enhance predictive maintenance, energy optimisation,
and space utilisation, ensuring that buildings stay efficient and sustainable throughout their
lives.

9. AI in Sustainability and Energy Efficiency

Sustainability is a rising problem in the construction sector, and artificial intelligence can
assist lessen the industry's environmental effect. AI-powered energy management systems
can optimise building heating, cooling, and lighting, lowering energy use. AI may also be
used to analyse a building's sustainability and offer environmentally friendly construction
materials and practises.
Energy Modelling: AI technologies are capable of analysing building designs and
recommending energy-efficient changes. As a result of optimising heating, cooling, and
lighting systems, carbon footprints are minimised.

Green Building Certification: AI plays a critical part in getting LEED (Leadership in Energy
and Environmental Design) certification. It guarantees that sustainability standards are
followed throughout the construction process, supporting environmentally responsible
practises.

10.Predictive Maintenance and Building Maintenance

AI continues to play a role in building management once construction is done. AI-powered

solutions can monitor and anticipate the state of building systems such as HVAC and
electrical. This proactive strategy lowers downtime and increases the longevity of
construction components.

10.i) Evaluating the Environmental Impact

AI can more precisely analyse the environmental effect of construction projects. It can
simulate the impacts of building on local ecosystems and recommend mitigation techniques
to reduce damage.

10.ii) Disaster Planning

AI can help cities and communities plan for prospective calamities and undertake required
retrofits by assessing the susceptibility of existing structures and infrastructure to natural
disasters.

10.iii) Disaster Recovery and Response

In the case of a natural catastrophe, AI can instantly assess the damage to buildings and
infrastructure. Drones using artificial intelligence may conduct airborne surveys to identify
places in need of repair or renovation.

11.CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the construction industry

represents a transformative leap towards enhanced efficiency, safety, and sustainability.
Through the deployment of advanced algorithms, machine learning models, and robotics, AI
empowers construction professionals to streamline project management, optimize resource
allocation, and mitigate risks. Moreover, AI-driven technologies facilitate the early detection
of potential issues, enabling timely intervention and cost savings. As the construction
landscape continues to evolve, embracing AI not only promises increased productivity but
also opens the door to innovative approaches in design, planning, and execution. The
industry's future success hinges on its ability to embrace and harness the full potential of AI,
forging a path towards a smarter, more resilient, and sustainable built environment for
generations to come.