GM GM255ll 87 - 9006379 000834~ 7l12 -

GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS Materials and Processes - Metals

I I

MEICHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM260M GM290M GM300M GM455M

1 SCOPE. This standard covers the mechanical and
quality requirementsfor nine gradesof steel bolts, screws,
studs,sems,and U-bolts with hardnessof HRC 39 maximum.
Tappingscrews,threadrolling screwsand self drilling tapping
screwsare not included.
1.1 The term ‘stud’ asreferredto hereinappliesto a cylindri-
cal rod of moderatelength,threadedon eitheroneor both ends
or throughoutits entire length. It doesnot apply to headed,
collaredor similar productswhich arecloselycharacterizedby
requirementsshownhereinfor bolts.
1.2 For specificationpurposesthis standardtreats ‘U-bolts’
as studs.Thus,whereverthe word ‘studs’appears‘U-bolts’ are
also implied. U-bolts coveredby this standardare thoseused
primarily in the stupensionand relatedareaof vehicles.(De-
signersshould recognizethat the ‘U’ configuration may not
sustaina load equivalentto two bolts or studsof the samesize
andgrade;thus actualload carryingcapacityof U-bolts should
be determinedby saddleload tests.)
2 DESIGNATIOIUS.
2.1 DESIGNATION SYSTEM. Grades are designated by
“SAE GradeNumbers”(where increasingnumbersrepresent
increasingtensilestrength)andby decimalsof whole numbers
(wheredecimalsrepresentvariationsat the samestrengthlev-
el). Certaingradesaredesignatedalsoby “GM Numbers.”The
gradedesignationsimd relatedGM numbersare shownbelow:
GM Number SAE Grade GM Number SAE Grade
:Number Number
GM255M 1 GM290M 7 option of the manufacturer.
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
3.2 HEADING PRACTICE. Methods other than upsetting
and/or extrusion are permitted only by special agreement
betweenpurchaserand supplier.
3.2.1 Grade1 bolts and screwsmay be hot or cold headedat
option of the manufacturer,
3.2.2 Grades2, 5, 7 and8 bolts and screwsin sizesup to 3/4
inch, inclusive,and in lengthsup to 6 inch, inclusive,shall be
cold headed,exceptthat by specialagreementthey may be hot
headed.A photographof typical grain flow patternshowing
grain flow at the head-shankjunction of a flange head bolt
(Figure1) is not shownhere.The photographis availablefrom
GM EngineeringStandardsDepartment,
3.2.3 Grade5.1 screwsshall be cold headed.
3.2.4 GM455M shall be sameas Grade2.
3.3 THREADING PRACTICE.
3.3.1 Grades2, 5, and 8 bolts and screwsin sizesup to 3/4
inch, inclusive,andlengthsup to 6 inch, inclusive,shallbe roll
threaded,unlessotherwiseapprovedby purchaser.
3.3.2 Grade7 bolts and screwsshall be roll threadedafter
heattreatment.
3.3.3 Grade5.1 screwsshall be roll threaded.
3.3.4 Threadsof all sizes of Grade 1 bolts and screwsand
Grades2,5, and8 bolts and screwsin sizesover 314inch and/
or lengthslongerthan 6 inch may be rolled, cut or groundat

GM260M 2 GM3OOM 8 3.3.5 Threadsof all gradesand sizesof studsmay be rolled,

4 8.1
GM280M 5 GM455M None
7 GM275M 5.1 -
2.2 GRADES. Bolts and screwsare normally availableonly
in Grades1,2,5,7 and8. Studsarenormallyavailableonly in
Grades1, 2, 4, 5, 8’ and 8.1. Grade5.1 is normally usedonly
for sems which are heat treated following assemblyof the
washeron the screw.GM455M is applicableto bolts, screws
and studsmadefrom corrosionresistantsteelonly.
3 MATERIALS AND PROCESSES.
3.1 STEEL CHARACI’ERISTICS. Bolts, screws and studs
shall be madefrom steel conforming to the descriptionand
chemicalcompositionrequirementsspecifledin Table2 for the
applicablegrade.
cut or groundat option of the manufacturer.
3.3.6 GM455M shall be sameas Grade2.
3.4 HEAT TREATMENTPRACTICE.
3.4.1 Grade 1 bolts and screws and Grades 1 and 2 studs
neednot be heattreated.
3.4.2 Grade2 cold headedbolts and screwsshall be stress
relievedat a temperatureof 470 C minimum.
3.4.3 Grades4 and 8.1 studsare manufacturedfrom preheat-
treatedmaterialand the studs,as manufactured,needno fur-
ther heattreatment.
3.4.4 Grade5 bolts, screws and studs shall be austenitized
and quenchedto obtain a structureof minimum 90% marten-
site andthen temperedat a temperatureof 425 C min.

0 WM APRIL 1999 General Motors Cqmration Al Ri9Ms Re.wv,ed

APRIL 1989 PAGE 1 255M

Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
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 GM GM255M 89 - 9006379 OOOBL42 659 m
GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS Materials and Processes - Metals
I I

MECHANIICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GMl255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

TABLE 1 - MECHANIICAL REQUIREMENTS AND IDENTIFICATION MARKING FOR BOLTS, SCREWS,

STUDS, U-BOLTS* AND SEMS

I
r

-.
smws. Na6thNl-1A 1
suds

hh uo.6tlmI3l4
QM26OY 2 aae’n.
I && QVQ 3/4lo l-l/i L
I
I
4 aalda l/4 thN l-112
aom* NO.6thll
BM28OM 5 sacn,
/ I &I& wu 1 10 I-1R

I Hut
QY276M 5.1 M No.6thru318
I !&am

Bob
GMPSOM 7 8ul ~ l/4 UlN l-l/2
I SaIda

QMSOOM 3 same, IN hl l-l!2

I snlds

8.1 !hds l/4 dmJ 1-m

-t -,
BM466M’ h Saws. Na.6Uwul-U2
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

I sluds

3.4.5 Grade5.1 screwsshall be austenitizedandquenchedto 3.4.6 Grades7 and 8 bolts and screws and Grade 8 studs
obtain a structureof 90% martensiteminimum and then tem- shallbe austenitizedandquenchedto obtaina structureof 90%
pered at temperatureof 340 C min. For Grade 5.1 sems, martensiteminimum and then temperedat a temperatureof
quenchantswhoseprincipal constituentis water shall not be 425 C minimum.
usedunlessapprovedby user.

0 Copyright APRIL 1989 General Motors Corpwation All Rights Reserved

255M PAGE 2 APRIL 1989

Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
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 GM GM255N 89 - 9006379 0008343 595 M

I GENERAL hnOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Materials and Processes - Metals I

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM260M GM290M GM300M GM455M

TABLE 2 - CHEMICAL COMPOSITION REQUIREMENTS

3.4.7 GM455M shall be sameas Grade2. 4.1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.

3.4.8 Under no circumstancesshall heat treatmentor carbon
restoration be performed in the presenceof nitrogen com-
pounds,suchas carbonitridingor cyaniding.
3.4.9 TemperingTemperature- Audit Test. This test is a
meansof checking whether products were temperedat the
specifiedtemperature.The hardness(meanof 3 hardnessread-
ings) of a bolt, screw or stud as manufactured shall be
measured.The product shall then be retemperedfor 30 min-
utes minimum per 1.0 inch of nominal diameter,but not less
than 30 minutesat a temperatureof 10 C less than the mini-
mum temperingtemperaturespecifiedfor the grade.(See3.4.4
3.4.5 and 3.4.6.) Hardnessof the retemperedproduct shall
men be measured.The difference betweenthe hardnessof
productbeforeand after retemperingshall not exceedHRC 2
points for Grade8 and HRC 3 points for Grade5.
4 REQUIREMENTS.
4.1.1 Bolts, screws,studsand semsshall be testedin accor-
dance with the mechanical testing requirements for the
applicabletype grade,size and length of productas specified
in Table3 andshallmeetthe requirementsof mechanicalprop-
ertiesspecifiedfor the productin Table 1.
4.1.2 In caseof U-bolts having threadlength equalto 3D or
longer,cut stud-likespecimensfrom eitherleg of the “U” (uti-
lize the maximumavailablethreadlength) and test as shown
for studs.Where threadlength is less than 3D, test hardness
only as shown for “short studs” (applicablemechanicaltests
are shownin Table3 andrequirementsin Table 1).
4.2 DECARBURIZATION. Unlessotherwiseagreedby pur-
chaser,Grades5, 5.1, 7 and 8 bolts, screws,studsand sems
shall conformto decarburizationlimits for ClassB or ClassC,
as describedin GM6104M,“Decarburizationof Hardenedand
TemperedSteelBolts.”

0 Copyright APRIL 1989 General Motors Corporation All Rights Resewed

--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

APRIL 1989 PAGE 3 255M

Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
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 GM GN255N 89 D 9006339 0008344 421 m

I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Materials and Processes - Metals I

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

4.3 SURFACEDISCONTINUITIES. Grades5, 5.1, 7 and 8 ters, the end with smaller diameter shall be inserted in a
bolts, screws, studs and semsshall conform to GM6102M, threadedwedge and unscrewed6 full turns, thus leaving 6
which specifiesallowablelimits for the various types of sur- completethreadsexposedbetweenthe grips. The bolt, screw
facediscontinuitiesthat may occurduringthe manufactureand or stud shall thenbe axially loadedto the proof load specified
processingof such products,Surfacediscontinuitiesfor sizes for the applicablesize,threadseries,andgradein Table5, with
andlengthsof productsnot coveredin the scopeof GM6102M the loadretainedfor a periodof 15 seconds,the load removed,
shall be within limits specifiedby purchaser. and the overall length again measured.The speedof testing
shall not exceedl/8 inch per minute.
5 METHODS OF TEST.
5.2.2 To meet the requirementsof Item 4, the length of the
bolt, screw or stud after loading shall be the sameas before
5.1 PRODUCT(BASE METAL) HARDNESS. loadingwithin a toleranceof plus and minus0.0005inch.
5.1.1 For routine inspection,hardnessof bolts, screwsand 5.2.3 Variables,such as straightnessand thread alignment
studsmay be determinedon head,end or shankafter removal (plus measurement error) may result in apparentelongationof
of anyplatingor othercoatingto assurean accuratebasemetal the fastenerswhen the proof load is initially applied.In such
hardness.Hardnessof cold formed nonheat-treatedproducts cases,the fastenermay be retestedusing a 3% greaterload,
shall be determinedon the threadedend, andmay be consideredsatisfactoryif the lengthafterthis load-
ing is the sameas beforethis loading(within the 0.0005inch
5.1.2 For refereepurposes,the hardnessof bolts, screwsand tolerancefor measurement error).
studsshall be determinedat ,midradiusof a transversesection
throughthe threadedportion of the producttakenat a distance
of 1 diameterfrom the end of the product.The reportedhard- 5.3 AXIAL TENSILE STRENGTH, Following proof load
nessshall be the averageof 4 hardnessreadingslocatedat 90 testing,the samebolt, screw or stud shall be reassembledin
degreesto one another,where size of product permits. The the testingmachinewith 6 completethreadsexposedbetween
preparationof test specimensandthe performanceof hardness the grips andaxial loadingapplieduntil failure. In the caseof
testsshallbe in conformitywith the requirementsof SAE J417 sems,washersmay be removedprior to testing;however,for
and/orASTM El8 refereetesting,washershallbe removed.The grips of the test-
ing machineshall be self-aligningto minimize side thrust on
51.3 SurfaceHardness. Tests to determine “surface hard- the specimen.Typical fixturing is illustratedin Figure 2. The
ness”shall be conductedon lends,hexagonflats or unthreaded speedof testing,as determinedwith a free running crosshead,
shankswhich havebeenpreparedby polishingto insureaccu- shall not exceed1 inch per minute.
rate reproducible readings in accordancewith SAE J417.
Propercorrectionfactorsshall be usedwhenhardnesstestsare 5.3.1 To meetthe requirementsof Item 4, the bolt, screwor
madeon curvedsurfacesper ASTM El8 stud shall support a load not less than the minimum tensile
strengthspecified for the applicablesize, thread series,and
5.2 PROOFLOAD. The proof load test consistsof stressing grade in Table5 prior to productfracture.In addition,for bolts
the bolt, screwand stud with a specifiedload which the prod- and screws,the fracture shall occur in the body or threaded
sectionwith no failure at the junction of the headand shank.
uct must withstandwithout permanentset.

--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.2.1 The overall length of the specimenshall be measured
betweenconicalor ball centerson the centerline of the speci- SUBSTllWEWEWEF6R
men, using mating centers,on the measuring anvils. The wEDQElENslElE6T
specimenshall be markedso that it can be placedin the mea-
suringfixture in the sameposition for all measurements. The
measurementinstrumentshall be capableof measurementof
0.0001 inch. In the caseof sems,washersshall be removed
prior to testing.The grips of the testingmachineshall be self-
aligningto minimizesidethruston the specimen.For bolts and
screws,the specimenshall be assembledin the furture of the
tensile machine so that 6 complete threads are exposed
betweenthe grips.This is obtainedby freely runningthe nut or
fixture to the threadnmout of the specimenandthenunscrew-
ing the specimen6 full turns. When proof load testing studs,
oneend of the stud shall be #assembled in a threadedfixture to
the threadrunout.For studshavingunlike threads,this shallbe FIGURE 2 - TENSILE TEST OF FULL SIZE BOLT
the endwith the finer pitch thread.For studsof unlike diame- OR SCREW

0 Copyigi-4 APRIL 1989 C3eneralMotors CcqxmUon All Rights Resew6d

255M PAGE 4 APRIL 1989

Copyright General Motors North America
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 GM GM255M 89 - 9006377 0008345 368 m

I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS

I
Materials and Processes - Metals
I

MEiCHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

TABLE :3 - MECHANICAL TESTS REQUIRED FOR BOLTS, SCREWS, STUDS, AND SEMS’
-m

UI
WI TanaD

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12
All
mdscJuw& 5.7,ll
-I

13.
All
s.74

3Dro8Dw8incb l l _ I I
I - I
I I
whidwmirv -

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loo*ow n

lao.oao n
.
Allohr 8wJ
8oltsalld la6 .
saews’
over I
lclomo 1

lA%
AU hrrtban3D L
S.8.8.1

0 Copyight APRIL 1989 General Motors Coqmatlon Al Rights Reserved

APRIL 1989 PAGE 5 --```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

255M
Copyright General Motors North America
Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=Magna International Inc/5926707100
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 GM GM255M 87 W 9006379 0008146 2TY m

1 GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS 1 Materials and Processes - Metals I

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY
THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

M
ctkr ovu8Dor8idl l l
opiollopiao~opian

sld
ltbidwailgrtmr - l ---A A B B B B

oprooopiaooprbo~
3Dandbpoa - l l
A A

M&u) * * - . - - - - - - -

mabq&# -. - t l - l - - - -

--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.4 WEDGE TENSILE STRENGTH. 5.4.1.2 To meet the requirementsof Item 4.1 the bolt or
5.4.1 Bolts and Screws. Bolts or screwsshall be assembled screw shall supporta load not less than the minimum tensile
with a wedgeinsertedunderthe head,as illustratedin Figure strengthspecified for the applicablesize, thread series,and
3, installedin the testingmschineandtensiletestedto failure, gradein Table5 prior to productfracture.In addition,the frac-
as describedin 5.3. The angle of the wedgefor the bolt or ture shall occurin the body or threadedsectionwith no failure
screwsize and gradeis specifiedin Table4. The wedgeshall at the junction of headandshank.
be so placedthat no cornerof the squareor hex bolt or screw
headtakesthe bearingload; that is, a flat of the headshall be
alignedwith the direction of uniform thicknessof the wedge.
The wedgeshall have a minimum hardnessof HRC 45. The
wedge shall have a thickness of one-half the bolt or screw
diametermeasuredat the thin sideof the hole.The hole in the
wedge shall have the following clearanceover the nominal
sizeof the bolt or screw,andits top andbottomedgesshall be
roundedor chamfered45 degreesto the following dimensions:

Nominal Bolt or Clearance in Radius or Depth

Screw Size inch Hole inch of Chamfer inch
l/4 through l/2 0.030 0.030
9116through314 0.050 0.060 -I+
C Clwmmeofhole(mprr5.6.1)
n
718and 1 0.060 0.060
D = Diamaerofboitorraaw
l-1/8 and l-1/4 0.060 0.125 R - Radiiorchmfu(rpw45&.1)
l-3/8 and l-1/2 0.094 0.125 T l Thickr#crof~attbindQofholerqvrb
onebtfdimetwofffltasuew
w = wadgm@~Table4)
5.4.1.1 The wedgemay be eithercircular or square.The rec-
ommendedoutsidedimensionof the wedgeis l-314 inch for
bolt and screw sizes l/4 through314inch, and 3-l/2 inch for FIGURE 3 - TENSILE TEST DETAILS FOR BOLTS
bolt and screwsizes7/8 to l-1/2 inch. AND SCREWS

0 Copyright APRIL 1989 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

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 GM GM255M 89 - 9IlOb3-77 0OClBl1~7 I130 m
GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS Materials and Processes - Metals
I I I

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

TABLE 4 -TENSILE TEST WEDGE ANGLES

Ebxbolmandamwnthrdd wxu3u 6
mcdl8um!xolaoooandor stllms
ova 3u to 1-m 4
sldoofbeul
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wxnalgomdbBxlua4herhend
1thrus mnl 1-m 6
bolt#udW~
Mabr*parekbolomd nuul 10
1tinu8
slews ova 1 tD 1-m 6
nwu3u 6
8mda All
otw 314 to 1-m 4

54.2 Studs. One end of the stud shall be assembledin a

threadedfixture to the threadrunout. For studshaving unlike
threads,this shall be the end with the finer pitch thread.For
studsof unlike diameters,the end with smallerdiametershall
CBORE
be insertedin a threadedwedgeand unscrewedsix full turns,
thus leaving six co:mpletethreadsexposedbetweenthe grips,
as illustratedin Figure 4. The angleof the wedgefor the stud
size and gradeshall,be as specifiedin Table4. The stud shall
be assembledin the testingmachineand tensiletestedto fail-
ure, as describedin 5.3.

5.4.2.1 The minimum hardnessof the threadedwedge shall

be HRC 45. The length of the threadedsectionof the wedge
shall be equalto the diameterof the stud.To facilitateremoval
of the broken stud, the wedge shall be counterbored.The
thicknessof the wedgeat the thin side of the hole shall equal
the diameterof the stud plus the depth of counterbore.The
c = ClwrrnaolhobIsapm.s.A~
thread in the wedge shall have Class 3B tolerances,except
when testing studshaving an interferencefit thread,in which D = Dirmewofctud
R n Radirn or OhmfN (me paa. 6.5.2)
casethe wedgeshall be threadedto provide a finger free fit.
The supportingfixture, as shownin Figure4, shallhavea hole T- Dpkadapthofcounterbom
clearanceover the nominal size of the stud and shall have its w- ~n*(lnTaM~4~
top and bottom edgesroundedto the samelimits specifiedfor
the hardenedwedgein 5.4.1. FIGURE 4 -WEDGE TEST DETAILS FOR STUDS
5.4.2.2 To meetthe requirementsof Item 4.1, the stud shall
fracture at a load not less than the minimum tensile strength 5.5.1 For l-1/2 inch diameterbolts, screwsand studs,a stan-
specified for the applicablesize, thread series,and gradein dard 0.500 inch round 2 inch gagelength test specimenshall
Table5. be turned from the bolt, screw or stud with the axis of the
specimenlocatedmidway betweenthe centerand outsidesur-
5.5 TESTING OF MACHINED TEST SPECIMENS. face of the bolt, screw or stud shank,as shown in Figure 5.
Wherebolts, screwsand studscannotbe testedin full sizefor Bolts, screwsand studs3/4 through l-3/8 inch diametershall
proof load andtens:destrengthrequirements,testsshallbe con- have their shanksmachinedto the dimensionsof a standard
ductedusing test specimensmachinedfrom the bolt, screwor 0.500 inch round 2 inch gagelength test specimenconcentric
stud.

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APRIL 1989 PAGE 7 255M

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 GM GM255M 89 - 900b379 0008l144 077 -
I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Materials and Processes - Metals I

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

with the axis of the bolt, screw or stud, leaving the bolt or
screwheadand threadedsectionintact, as shownin Figure 6.
Bolts, screwsand studs l/4 through 5/8 inch diametershall
have their shanks machined to subsize specimenshaving
dimensionsshownin Figure6 andTable6.

5.5.2 The test specimenshallbe tensiletestedas describedin

5.3: and the yield strength,tensile strength,elongation,and
reductionof areadeterminedl.

5.5.3 To meetthe requirementof Item 4.1, the test specimen

must have a yield strength,tensile strength,elongation,and
reductionof areaequalto or greaterthan the valuesfor these
propertiesspecifiedfor the applicableproductsize and grade
in Table1.

5.6 DECARBURIZATION. The decarburizationclassifica-

tion of bolts, screwsandstudsshall be determinedby methods
outlinedin GM6104M.

5.7 SURFACEDISCONTINUITIES. Shallbe determinedby

methodsoutlinedin GM6102M.
FIGURE 5 - LOCATION OF STANDARD TEST
6 MARKING. SPECIMENS WHEN TURNED FROM BOLTS OR
SCREWS l-1/2 INCH DIAMETER
6.1 Hex headbolts and screwsshall be clearly markedwith
the gradeidentificationsymbolshownin Table1, andwith the
manufacturer’sidentificationsymbol. Unlessotherwisespeci-
fled by purchaser,markingsshall be locatedon the top of the
head,and may be either raisedor depressedat option of the
manufacturer.

6.2 Unlessotherwisespecifiedby purchaser,studsneednot

be marked.

7 GENERAL. A suggested sampling plan is shown

below:
FIGURE 6 - TENSILE TEST SPECIMEN FOR
Number of pieces in a Lot Mhimum Number of BOLTS OR SCREWS WITH TURNED DOWN
Specimens to be ‘l&ted SHANKS
50 and under 2
51-5OOIncl 3 7.2 The sametest specimensmay be usedfor different tests
whereverpractical.
501 - 35 ooo Incl 5
35 001 and over 8 7.3 If the failure of a test specimenis dueto improperprepa-
ration of the specimenor to incorrect testing technique,the
specimenshall be discardedand anotherspecimensubstituted.
7.1 A Lot, for purposeof reletting test specimens,shall con-
sist of all productsoffered for inspectionand testing at one 8 INITIAL SOURCE APPROVAL. No shipment shall
time that are of the sametype, grade,size, length, and thread be madeby any supplieruntil representativeinitial production
seriesand are manufacturedessentiallyat one time and under sampleshave been approvedby engineeringas meetingthe
the sameprocessconditions. requirementsof this specification.

0 Cc~&ht APRIL lQ89 General Motors CorporaUonAl FUghtsRescwved

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 GM GM255M 89 - 9006379 OOOBL49 TO3 m

GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS Materials and Processes - Metals

I I I

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M
TABLE 5 - PROOF LOAD AND TENSILE STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS

GM Number GM255M GM260M GMPBOM

Grade Grade 1 Grade2 Grade5
Nomlnal Diameter Stress Proot Tensile PrOof Tensile Roof Tensile
of Product and Area Load Strength Load Strength Load Strength
Threads Per inch sq in. lb mln lb lb min lb lb min lb
ARSE THREAD SERIES - UNC
6 -- 32 0.00909
8 -- 32 0.0140
10 -- 24 0.0175
12 -- 24 0.0242 - -
l/4 -- 20 0.0318 1,050 I.900 1.750 2.350 2.700 3.800
S/16 -- 18 0.0524 1,750 3,150 2.900 3.m 4,450 6.300
3/a -- 16 0.0775 2.550 4,650 4.250 5.750 6.600 9,300
7116 .- 14 0.1063 3-m 6.900 5.850 7.850 9,050 12,800
l/2 .- 13 0.1419 4.700 8.5O‘J 7,800 10.500 12.1al 17,000

9/16 ‘- 12 0.182 6.OGQ 10,900 10.000 13.500 15.500 21.800

5/8 .- 11 0.226 7.450 13.600 12.400 16,700 19,200 27.100
314 .- 10 0.334 11,000 moo0 18.400 24,700 28.400 40,100
7/a - 9 0.462 lS.200 27.700 15.200 27,700 39,300 SSNJ
1 - 8 0.606 M.000 36.400 2o.m 36,400 51.500 72,700

l-118 - 7 0.763 25.200 45.800 25,200 45.800 s&MO SO.100

I-114 - 7 0.969 32.000 58.100 32,000 58,100 71,700 101,700
l-3/8 - 6 1.155 38,100 69.300 38.100 69,300 a&UK) 121.300
l-l&! - 6 1.405 46,- avc@ ~,~ 84.300 1W,OOO 147.500

GM Number GM275M GM300M

Grade 7 f Grade 8 and 8.1
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Grade &ads 5.1

6 .- 32 0.00909 750 1.100
8 .- 32 0.0140 1,200 1;700 -
10 .- 24 0.0175 1.500 2,100 -
12 .- 24 0.0242 2.050 2.900
114 .- 20 0.0318 2.700 3.800 3.350 4.250 3sOO 4,750
506 ‘- 18 0.0524 4,450 6.300 s.scQ 6.950 6.300 7.850
318 .- 16 0.0775 6.600 9.300 8.1X-l 10,300 9.300 11.600
7116 ‘- 14 0.1063 11.200 14.100 12,800 15,900
l/2 ‘- 13 0.1419 14,900 18.900 17,000 21.300
9/16 - I2 0.182 19,100 24.200 21.m 27.300
518 ‘- 11 0.226 - 23,700 30.100 27.100 33.900
314 - IO 0.334 - 35.100 44400 40,100 50,100
7/a - 9 0.462 48.500 61.400 55,400 69.300
1 - 8 0.606 - 63.600 m.600 72.700 9woo
l-118 - 7 0.763 80.100 lOl.Scm 91,600 114.400
l-114 - 7 0.969 101.7al 127.700 116,300 145,400
l-3/8 - 6 1.155 121,300 153.600 138.600 173.200
l-l/Z - 6 1.405 147.500 186.900 168.600 210.800
Note: Proof loads and tensile strengths are computed by multiplying the proof load strerbwa and lensile strength atreaaes given in Table 1
by the stress areia of the thread. (See Appendix A for further informatiin on computdtion Of values for products shown above and for sizes
and thread series not fisted.)
(Table 5 - Continued)

0 Copyright APRIL 1999 General Motors Corporation All Rights Resewed

APRIL 1989 PAGE 9 255M

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 GM GM2551 89 - 900b379 OOOBL50 725 m
GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS Materials and Processes - Metals
I I I

MECHANIICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

GMl255M GM260M GM275M GM260M GM290M GM300M GM455M

TABLE 5 (cxwmued)
GYNimebu ! QU255Y OU26OM QY28OM
&l Qrd.2 Glades

:INE TNRI D SSRIE8 - UWF

6-40 0.01015
S-56 0.01474
10 - 22 O.CQOO
12 - 28 0.0258
if4 - 28 OS864 1m 2#10 2.m 3.100 4yo
5116 - 24 0.0300 1900 3.m 4.390 4.900 8.950
Us-24 0.0678 2.900 w- 6.390 7.430 lO.saJ
7116 - 20 0.1187 3.900 7.100 urn 10.100 14a
1R - a0 0.1599 s300 9.600 11.800 13.600 19300
9116 - 18 0.2C8 6.700 12300
5s - 18 0.256 8.4s 15.400
3f4 - 16 0.373 122- 22.4m
‘118 - 14 0.509 16.800 3o.sw
1 - 12 0.663 21.900 39.800
l-14 UNS 0.679 22.400 4o.m
l-118 - 12 0.856 2aaxl 61.490 63.300 ~9900
l-l/4 - 12 1.073 u.400 u**oo 7%- 112.m
l-38 - 12 1.31s 43.400 7a9w 97.300 138.100
i-1/2 - 12 I.581 nm 9%m 117.ooo 166WWO
=
QY Number Gu: 5Y ou:
made Qmdel

6-40 0.01015 850

S-36 0.01474 1.2%
IO - 32 O.OQW 1.700
12 - 28 0.0236 2340
II4 - 28 0.9364 3.100 3aoo 4.0 4,330 5.-
S/lb - 24 O.Cl%O 4.900 6.100 7.7al 6.W a.nm
UB-24 O.W78 7v430 9.2m 11.m lOJo 13300
7116 - 10 0.1187 ls.mo 14.2m 17mo
1R - 29 0.1599 2lJoo 19300 xm
9116 - 18 0.%3
sfa - 18 0.2%
314 - 16 0.373
7t8 - 14 0379
1 -l2 0.663
I-14 c.lNs 0.679
1-m - 12 0.8% 113m lo%= IZIAOO
l-l/4 - 12 1.973 142.m 128&W 161#
l-313 - n. 1JlS 174.900 157.800 1=too
1-m - 12. l.s81 210.3m 1a4kmo 237.260

NOTE: See note on preceding page.

Q Copyright APRIL 1989 General Motors Cwpwation All RigMs Resewd

255M PAGE 10 APRIL 1989

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 GM GM255M 89 - 900b379 OOOBL5L bbl, -
GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Materials and Processes - Metals
I I

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GM290M GM300M GM455M

TABLE 6 - DIMENSIONS OF MACHINED tured to this specificationshall be equivalentin every respect

SPECIMENS to the initial samplesapprovedby engineering.Thereshall be
no changesin either formulation or manufacturingprocesses
permittedwithout prior notification and approvalby engineer-
@slrF&w6&6andltan6.6) ing. Lack of notification by the supplier constitutesgrounds
for rejection of any shipment.While samplesmay be taken

-4
from incomingshipmentsandcheckedfor conformanceto this
specification,the supplier shall acceptthe responsibility for
incomingshipmentsmeetingthis specificationwithout depen-
denceuponpurchaser’sinspection.
tiim
5n
314 2.25
1.25
1.75 0.5m
0.250
0.356 2.mo
1.400
Low .
0.25
0.19
0.38
114 mia iO.007 fOm5 mia 10 GENERAL INFORMATION. Thesestandardswere
duo first issuedas shown:
ml0 f0.005 fO.OM mio GM260M - November,1939
GM280M - November,1939
GM290M - November,1939
da io.010 fO.005 mu GM3OOM- November,1939
I-112 be -a

--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
GM255M - November,1945
GM455M - July, 1946
NOTE: Minimum radius recommended0.38 in, 0.12 min permitted. GM275M - September,1959
9 INSPECTION AND REJECTION. All shipmentsof The latestrevisionsincludethe following: April, 1989editorial
material or parts under contract or purchaseorder manufac- changes;March 1987revisedTable2, NOTE 3.

0 Copyright APRIL 1Q8Q General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved

APRIL 1989 PAGE 11 255M

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 GM GM255M 89 m 9006379 0008352 5TB M

GENERAL MOTORS, ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Materials and Processes - Metals

1

MECHANIICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275~$#fjjfl~ fM290M GM300M GM455M

Al Proof load andtensilestrengthvaluesare computedby the small discrepanciesare consideredless objectionablethan

multiplying the proof stressesand tensile stressesgiven in the questionswhich would be precipitatedby the useof a dif-
Table 1 of this standardby the stressareaof the thread.The ferentbasisfor the high strengthproducts.
valuesin Table5 weredeterminedusingstressareas(NOTE 1)
computedfrom formula 1, below.Formula2 is alsoapplicable.
Valuesfor sizesandthreadseriesnot includedin Table5 may A4 Values which do correlate with steels having tensile
be computedby this meansalso. strengthsover 100000 psi may be computedwith Formula3,
below. The values obtainedwill be slightly less than those
Formula1 As = 0.7854 computedwith Formulas1 and 2. In the caseof the Class2A
UNC and Class2A UNF threadseries,the reductionin area
Formula2 As = 3.1416 variesfrom approximately5% for the l/4 inch nominalsize to
approximately 2% for the 1 inch nominal size. In the fine
where: threadseries,the reductionin areavariesfrom approximately
As - Tensilestressarea 2.5% for the l/4 inch nominal size to approximately1% for
D - Basic major diameter2 the 1 inch nominalsize.
E = Basic pitch diameter’
H = Height of sharpV-thread2 Formula3 As = 3.1416 [ y-g ] 2
n = Numberof threadsper inch

--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A2 Tensilestressareavalues(NOTE 1) shownin the fol- where:
lowing tablewere derivedfrom theseformulas. E - Minimum pitch diameterfor
A3 While thesevaluesdo not correlatewith test resultsfor classof threadinvolved (NOTE 2)
steelsover 100 000 psi (as usedfor Grades5, 5.1, 7 and 8), H - Height of sharpV-thread(NOTE 2).

0 Oopyighl APRIL 1989 General Motors Capcation All RI&its Resewed

APRIL 1989 PAGE 12 255M

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 GM GM2551 87 W 9006379 0008153 Y34 m
GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS Materials and Processes - Metals
I I I

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275M GM280M GMPOOMGM300M GM455M
APPENDIX A

TABLE Al - TENSILE STRESS AREAS OF THREADED SECTIONS

--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

I-
Tuna@ Ten8w

Sk.
Pa kw Par Area
In& wl
I
i!zE
0 a0 o.axm 12 24 0.W ‘718 9 0.462
1 64 0.00263 12 28 0.02SS 71(1 14 0309
1 72 0.00278 l/4 20 O.a318 1 8 0.606
s6 l/4 28 0.0364
O.OKi70 1 12 0.663
5116 18 0.@24
44 0.00394 1 14 0.680
S/16 u O.MSO
48 0.00487 l-v8 7 0.763
56 O&M23 3J8 16 o.ons l-1/11 12 0.856
98 24 0.6678
40 O.OOW l-1/4 7 0.969
7/16 14 0.1063
48 O.W61 1-M 12 1.073
7116 20 0.1187
40 0.00796 l-3/11 6 l.lSS
44 OMt833
II2 13 0.1419
l-3/8 l2 1.31s
in 20 O.ls99
32 0.00909 l-u2 6 1.405
9116 12 0.182
40 0.0101s 1-m 12 I.381
9116 18
32 0.0140 l-3/4 s l.Qo
S/8 11 a226
36 0.01474 l-3/4 12 2.19
St8 18 0.2%
10 24 0.017s 3!J 10 0.334 2 4-l/2 2s
10 32 omoo 34 16 0.373 2 12 2.69
I-

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 GM GM255M 89 - 900b377 0OOBl154 370 -

1 GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS 1 Materials and Processes - Metals I

MECHANICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNALLY

THREADED FASTENERS
GM255M GM260M GM275j#p~$&~ RM290M GM300M GM455M

Bl Note to Bolt and StudProducers. GM255M andGM260M................................... 1018, 1020

Followingis a list of sometypical steelswhich havebeenused GM275M............................................................
1018,1022
to meet the bolt specificationsshown.The SAE steelslisted GM280M............................................................
1038,1045
for eachsizeof GM290M andGM3OOMarealsoapplicableto GM290M andGM300M, Nominal Size;
all smallersizes.This data is presentedhere for information up to 3/8, Incl...................................1335,4047,5135
only andis not to be consideredmandatory: up to 3/4, Incl..............1340,4135,5140, 8637,8735
up to 1, Incl ...........................3140,4135,5147, 6480
--```,,,``,,`,`,`,,`,``,```,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Q CqyigM APRIL 1939 Gem-d Motors iJqmt!m All RlgMSRaseerved

APRIL 1989 PAGE 14 255M

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