TRINITY INSTITUTE

OF
PROFESSIONAL
STUDIES
Sector-9, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075 (Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh
Indraprastha University, Delhi & Approved by Bar Council of India, New Delhi)
“A+” Ranked Institution by SFRC, Govt. of NCT of DelhiRecognized under section
2(f) of the UGC Act, 1956 Accredited “B++” by NAAC

LAB MANUAL
STILL PHOTOGRAPHY
COURSE CODE: 154

NAME.SUHANI KHANNA............
ENROLLMENT NO.01324002422
CLASS.2022- 2025...........
 Lab Manual 2
About this Manual
STILL PHOTOGRAPHY
OBJECTIVE OF THIS MANUAL
This Lab Manual is intended to be used by BA(JMC), Semester II students for the Still Photography Lab
Practical.

The Still Photography Lab Lab Manual covers topics that are essential for the students to strengthen
their theoretical concepts. The purpose of this manual is to give guidance and instructions to the
student regarding the subject.

• Build capacity of the students to do their assignments professionally

• To have uniformity in assignment presentation
• To be of reference for the students
• Continuous assessment of the students

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

Use of this Lab Manual is mandatory for the completion of the practicals. It provides the students
with first-hand knowledge of the practical subjects. It also makes them learn a systematic approach
to do their task proficiently as per the need and requirement of the industry.

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
1. Students are REQUIRED to carry this manual during the Lab Class.
2. Students are REQUIRED to read the topics mentioned before coming to the Lab Class.
3. Students are REQUIRED to follow the timeline for each assignment.
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Table of Contents
STILL PHOTOGRAPHY

TOPIC PAGE NO. REMARKS/ SIGNATURE

Syllabus

Composition 5

Assignment 1
Aperture
12
Assignment 2
Shutter Speed 15
Assignment 3
Focal length 18
Assignment 4
One Point Lightning 21
Assignment 5
Three Point Lighting 24
Assignment 6
Basic Shots 27
Assignment 7
Product Photography 33
Assignment 8
Photo Journalism 37
Assignment 9
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Syllabus
Objectives of the Course

On completion of this course, the student should be able to:

• Capture aesthetically rich photographs
• Demonstrate proficiency of skills to prepare photo features/photo stories

Exercises/Assignments

A. OUTDOOR
1. Capture Photographs with different compositions
2. Capture photographs at different f-stops (aperture)
3. Capture photographs at different shutter speeds
4. Capture photographs with different focal lengths

B. INDOOR
5. Capture portraits using Single Point Lighting
6. Capture portraits using Three Point Lighting
7. Product Photography: photograph a product for commercial purpose

C. FINAL PRODUCT
8. Create a Photo feature on specific topic
9. Create a photo story for newspaper/ magazine
10. Create a Still Audio-Visual Production
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COMPOSITION
RULE OF THIRDS
The rule of thirds is the most talked up
of the rules of composition.

To practice this rule, divide the frame of your photograph with

two equally spaced vertical lines and two similar horizontal lines.
These lines and the four points at which they meet create areas
on your frame for placing subjects and essential elements.
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COMPOSITION
LEADING LINES

When we look at a photo, our eye is naturally

drawn along lines. Leading lines direct the viewer
through the image, A leading line paves an easy
path for the eye to follow through different
elements of a photo. Usually, these lines start at the
bottom of the frame and guide the eye upward and
inward, from the foreground of the image to the
background, typically leading toward the main
subject.
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COMPOSITION
RULES OF DIAGNOLS

Like leading lines, diagonals are vertices that lead

your viewer's eye, but instead of them being lead
into your image, they're lead across the
composition, which creates "movement". Tension
is created by intersecting a diagonal line, which
makes the eye focus towards this point. Have a look
at this photo below of a model sitting on rocks on a
beach.
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COMPOSITION
HEADROOM

Headroom refers specifically to the distance

between the top of the subject's head and the top
of the frame, but the term is sometimes used
instead of lead room, nose room or 'looking room'[
to include the sense of space on both sides of the
image.
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Assignment 1
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Using the Rule of Thirds, click 3 photographs of various subjects with various rules of
composition. Print the three in size and paste in the space given.
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Aperture/ Depth of field
Aperture is a hole within a lens, through which light travels into the camera body. Basically aperture
decides how much amount of light will go into the camera.

In photography, aperture is expressed in f-numbers (for example f/5.6). These f-numbers that are
known as “f-stops” are a way of describing the size of the aperture, or how open or closed the aperture
is. A smaller f-stop means a larger aperture, while a larger f-stop means a smaller aperture. Most people
find this awkward, since we are used to having larger numbers represent larger values, but not in this
case. For example, f/1.4 is larger than f/2.0 and much larger than f/8.0.
 Lab Manual

Assignment 2
13
STILL PHOTOGRAPHY

Click 2 best Photographs. 1 with minimum aperture and 1 with maximum aperture
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Shutter Speed/ Exposure Time
Shutter speed, also known as “exposure time”, stands for the length of time a camera shutter is open to
expose light into the camera sensor. If the shutter speed is fast, it can help to freeze action completely,
as seen in the photo of the dolphin. If the shutter speed is slow, it can create an effect called “motion
blur”, where moving objects appear blurred along the direction of the motion. This effect is used quite a
bit in advertisements of cars and motorbikes, where a sense of speed and motion is communicated to
the viewer by intentionally blurring the moving wheels.

Fast shutter speed is typically whatever it takes to freeze action. For me, it is typically above 1/500th of
a second for general photography and above 1/1000th of a second for bird photography.

Slow shutter speeds are also used to photograph lightnings or other objects at night or in dim
environments with a tripod. Landscape photographers intentionally use slow shutter speeds to create a
sense of motion on rivers and waterfalls, while keeping everything else in focus.
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Assignment 3
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Click 2 best Photographs. 1 with slow shutter and 1 with fast shutter
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FOCAL LENGTH
Focal length, usually represented in millimeters (mm), is the basic description of a photographic lens. It
is not a measurement of the actual length of a lens, but a calculation of an optical distance from the
point where light rays converge to form a sharp image of an object to the digital sensor or 35mm film at
the focal plane in the camera. The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at
infinity.
Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the
magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the
angle of view and the higher the magnification. The shorter the focal length, the wider the angle of view
and the lower the magnification.
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Assignment 4
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Click 2 best Photographs. 1 with minimum focal length and 1 with maximum focal
length.
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ONE POINT LIGHTNING
One point lighting would involve just one light and this would be illustrated as the key light.
The way in which we would utilise this light effectively would be to use a soft box in order to convert
the light into a powerful diffusion light source.
Reflect the light off a white poly-board at a 45 degree angle adjacent to the talent in position.
Environment will enable: Reflective lighting techniques.
Black wrap- Black foil, used to wrap around a light to stop light spill dispersion.
Alternatively you could bounce the softbox directly off a light frame diffuser or another reflector to
create a soft lighting effect and hence produce as much light as possible onto your subject.
Key light is the main dominant light source that has the most influence on the subjects illumination and
defines the visible lighting and shadows. This light is the key factor in three point lighting techniques
and is normally the strongest intensity out of all the three lights in the set up. Set up behind the camera
and out of frame, place the camera at a 45 degree angle in relation to the subject. the direct light will
create a highlight on the side of the face.
It may need diffusion or scrim to apply a soft lighting effect or to concentrate the light into a localised
area of the subject within the frame. Key light intensity (aprox 650/800W)
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Assignment 5

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Click 2 best Photographs by using key light in studio.

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Three Point Lighting
Three-point lighting is a standard method used in visual media such as video, film, still photography
and computer-generated imagery. By using three separate positions, the photographer can illuminate
the shot’s subject. It involves three lights Key, Fill & Back Light.
 Lab Manual 25
Assignment 6
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Click 2 best Photographs by using three point lightning in studio.

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Assignment 6
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Five Basic Shots in Photography

Basic shots are referred to in terms relative to the subject. For example, a “close up” has to be a close
up of something. A close up of a person could also be described as a wide shot of a face, or a very
wide shot of a nose.

The subject in all of the following shots is a boy standing in front of a house.

EWS (Extreme Wide Shot)

In the EWS, the view is so far from the subject that he isn’t even visible. The point of this shot is to show
the subject’s surroundings. The EWS is often used as an establishing shot — the first shot of a new
scene, designed to show the audience where the action is taking place.

Long Shot

Long shot (sometimes referred to as a full shot or a wide shot) typically shows the entire object
or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings.
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Mid Shot

Shows some part of the subject in more detail while still giving an impression of the whole

subject. Close-Up

A certain feature or part of the subject takes up the whole

frame. Extreme Close-Up

The ECU gets right in and shows extreme detail.

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Assignment 7
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Click 3 photographs each for the basic shots discussed above.

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Product Photography
Product photography is a branch of commercial photography which is about accurately but attractively
representing a product. The principal application of product photography is in product catalogues and
brochures, with a proportion of product images also being used in advertising.

The challenges of product photography are generally:

• To represent the product without distortion

• To represent the product in good lighting, with soft shadows and no identifiable reflections
• To photograph a range of products rapidly, one at a time, so that the shadows and light are consistent

Particularly difficult products to photograph include

• Transparent products
• Chrome and other highly-reflective products
• Products which are white or black

For most types of product, the standard set up is a light tent big enough for the largest product in the
range, an infinite cove, a micro lens, a tripod and studio strobe lights. Photo floods can be used
instead of strobes, which makes visualizing the shadows easier, although this is generally not a huge
issue when using a light-tent.

For some types of product, such as jewellery, a textured cloth in a contrasting colour (green, for gold)
is preferred. Some products also benefit from a dim reflection, which can be achieved by placing
them on a black or white glossy tile, purchased from a building supplies or DIY store. In some cases,
the commissioners of a catalogue will want a particular look which distinguishes them from
competitors, such as using crumpled and then smoothed aluminium foil as the background.

Sources:
https://wiki.nikonians.org/Product_photography
http://studiobhasinarts.com/wp-content/gallery/Product/still-product-photography.jpg
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Product Photography
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Assignment 8
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Click 2 photographs of products in the studio with different angles.

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PHOTO JOURNALISM
Photojournalism is journalism that uses images to tell a news story. It usually
only refers to still images, but can also refer to video used in broadcast
journalism. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of
photography (such as documentary photography, social documentary
photography, war photography, street photography and celebrity photography)
by having a rigid ethical framework which demands an honest but impartial
approach that tells a story in strictly journalistic terms. Photojournalists
contribute to the news media, and help communities connect with one other.
They must be well-informed and knowledgeable, and are able to deliver news
in a creative manner that is both informative and entertaining.
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A mother covers her 18-month-old child with wet mud to protect her from the excessive heat coming
from the brick kiln

A 9-year-old boy unloads bricks from a kiln. Migrant workers involve their entire family to
reduce production time.

A child prepares food in the evening for his family, who works in a brick kiln near Meerut..
 Lab Manual 39
Assignment 9
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Create a Journalism on any topic of your choice.

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