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မာတိကာ/ ConTent 3

➢ Fundamentals of Electricity (Atom, Element, Conductor & Insulator)

- Electricity Generation Sample
- Electrical Hand Tools

➢ Ohm’s Law (V, I & R)

➢ DC & AC Current
➢ Electrical Hazards
➢ Types of Fire
➢ Types of Fire Extinguishers
➢ Safety Signs
➢ Safe Work Practices
➢ Effects on The Human Body
➢ Electrical Protective Devices > Types of Circuit Breakers
➢ Standard Wire Colour Code
➢ Electrical Instruments
➢ Grounding
ATOM – (NUCLEUS AND ELECTRONS) 4

❖ ဒြပ်၀တ္ထုအ ားလားသည် Atom

လို့ခ ေါ်တ္ဲ့ အဏဒ ြူခပေါင်ား
ားစ ရ

❖Atom Nucleus နင်ဲ့

electrons ရ

❖Nucleus protons နင်ဲ့

neutrons ရ

❖Nucleus က ဗဟဒပုပပား
electrons ား ၀န်ားရ စားဆင်ားခန
ဒြပ်စင် နငဲ့် အက်တ္ ် 5

❖အရည်၊ အစင်အ နငဲ့်

ဓ တ္်ခငွေ့ခတ္ ဒြပ်စင်ခတ္ ရ

❖ဒြပ်စင်ခတ္ရွေ့ အခသားငယ်ဆားက
အက်တ္ ် လို့ခ ေါ်

❖`၎င်ားဒြပ်စင်တ္စ် င်ားစ
ကယ်ပင်
အက်တ္ ်အ ုားအစ ားခတ္ ရ
BALANCED ATOM (အလူမီနီယမ် )
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လျှပစ
် စ်ဆင်ရ ရပ်ဝတ္ထုပစစညား် ား(လျှပက
် ား & လျှပက
် )
7

❑CONDUCTOR – contains
many free electrons --- gold,
copper, silver, aluminum, etc.

❑INSULATOR – contains few

free electrons-Usually non-
metallic such as porcelain,
rubber, glass, fiber, plastics,
etc.
သဘ ဝ အရင်ားအဒ စ် ား 8
 လျှပ်စစ် ထတ္်ယ သားစဒ င်ား 9

➢ပ န် လျှပ်စစ်ထတ္်ယ ှု - ခရအ ား၊ ခက က် ားခသား၊ သ ဘ ဝ ဓ တ္်ခငွေ့၊ Nuclear

ဓ တ္်ခပေါငဖ
် စသည်
➢စ ား် သစ် ထတ္်ယ ှု - ခနစ ား် အင် ၊ ခလစ ား် အင် စသည်
လျှပ်စစ် ထတ္်ယ သားစဒ င်ား 10
က ဘ လားဆင်ရ လျှပ်စစ်သားစ ှု (၂၀၁၇)
11
က ဘ လားဆင်ရ လျှပစ
် စ်သားစ ှု အခဒ အခန 12
က ဘ လားဆင်ရ လျှပ်စစ်သားစ ှု အခဒ အခန
13
 လျှပစ
် စ် အသားအခဆ င်ပစစညား် ား 14

➢Testers, Socket Tester

➢Pliers
➢Screwdrivers
➢Wire Strippers
➢Wire Cutters
➢Metal cutting saws
➢Electrical Drills
➢Hammers
➢Electrical Toolbox, etc.
 15

OHM’S LAW
• George Simon Ohm
• Formulated a mathematical
relationship between:
• V= IR (Ohm’s Law)
• I= Current (Ampere, A)
• V=Voltage (Volt, V)
• R= Resistance (R, Ω)
• Resistance = Impedance
• Resistance = DC
• Impedance = AC
• Interchangeable – Most Branch
circuits
 ဗို့အ ား၊ လျှပ်စား & လျှပ်စား အ ား 16

➢VOLTAGE – electric potential difference b/t two points,

electromotive force (EMF),electric pressure (unit – volt
“V”)

➢ CURRENT - Continuous movement of electrons past a

given point. (Unit – Ampere “A”)

➢RESISTANCE – Opposition to movement of electrons.

Makes it possible to control current flow, & supply
correct voltage to devices (Unit – Ohm “Ω”)
DC/DIRECT CURRENT
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➢အပ တ္ ်ား ဦားတ္ည် က်

တ္စ် တ္ည်ားသ စား

➢ဘက်ထရအား၊ ဓ တ္် ား DC
Voltage, DC
➢Current က ရရှုနင်

➢ ဉ်ားခဒဖ ငဲ့်ပစ ရ
AC/ALTERNATING CURRRENT
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✓EPC or လျှပ်စစ်မီး

✓Frequency, Power Factor

မ ီးနှငအ
် တူ စီးဆင်ီး

✓3 phase with 5 wire, 3 phase with

4 wire and 3 phase, 3 wire (380 –
400 VAC Myanmar Standard)

✓1 phase, 3 wire and 1 phase, 2

wire(200-230 VAC Myanmar Std)

✓Sine wave form

 19
SAFETY PYRAMID/ HIERARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL

Elimination – Physically
remove the hazard
Substitution – Replace the
hazard
Engineering controls –
Isolate people from the
hazard
Administrative controls –
Change the way people
work
Personal protective
equipment– Protect the
worker with PPE
 20

PPE
 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
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✓Electrical Hazards Include

✓ Electrical Shock
✓ Electrical Explosions
✓ Electrical Burns

• These can result in severe injury or death.

 ELECTRICAL SHOCK
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❖SHOCK. Electric shock occurs when the human body becomes part of
the path through which current flows.

❖Direct and Indirect Shock

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FIRE & EXPLOSION

➢Fire can cause explosion and explosion can cause fire.
FIRE TRIANGLE
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 TYPES OF FIRES 25

The 5 main classes of fires are :

Class A: solid materials such as
wood or paper, fabric, and some
plastics
Class B: liquids or gas such as
alcohol, ether, gasoline, or
grease
Class C: electrical failure from
appliances, electronic
equipment, and wiring
Class D: metallic substances such
as sodium, titanium, zirconium, or
magnesium
Class K: grease or oil fires
specifically from cooking
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5) CLASS K FIRE
❖Class K fires involve flammable
liquids, similar to Class B fires,
but are specifically related to
food service and the
restaurant industry. These
common fires start from the
combustion of liquid cooking
materials including grease, oils,
and vegetable and animal
fats.
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TOE CONTINUED >>>

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USAGE OF
EXTINGUISHER
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ELECTRICAL BURNS
SAFETY SIGNS 31
SAFE WORK PRACTICES 32

• Before starting work…

• De-energize,
Lock, Tag and
Test all circuits of
50 volts or less
• De-energize all
Power Sources
• Disconnect from
all electric
energy sources
Control circuit
devices such
as…
• push
buttons
• selector
switches
• interlocks
…may not be
used as the
sole means
for
de-energizing
circuits or
equipment.
 EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY
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Depends on:

Current and Voltage

Resistance

Path through body

Duration of shock
 EFFECTS OF AC ELECTRICITY (50 V နငဲ့် အထက်)
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❖More than 3 mA- Painful shock- cause indirect accident

❖More than 10 mA- Muscle contraction – “No Let Go” danger

❖More than 30 mA- Lung paralysis, usually temporary

 35

EFFECTS OF AC ELECTRICITY
❖More than 50 mA- Ventricular fibrillation, usually fatal

❖100 mA to 4 A- Certain ventricular fibrillation, fatal

❖Over 4 A- Heart paralysis, severe burns

ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES 36

❖Fuses

❖Circuit Breakers
- Trip or break circuit
breakers if
conductors exceed
their capacity

❖Relays or Magnetic
Contactors, etc
 TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKER
37

❖There are 9 types of circuit breakers are in service based on

insulating medium use it for the arc quenching mechanism.

1) MCB - Miniature Circuit Breaker

2) ELCB - Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
3) RCCB - Residual Current Devices
4) MCCB - Molded Case Circuit Breaker
5) ACB - Air Circuit Breaker
6) VCB - Vacuum Circuit Breaker
7) MOCB - Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker
8) BOCB - Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker
9) Sf6CB - SulfurHexaFlouride Circuit Breaker
 CB SAMPLE & OPERATION 38

❑Circuit
breakers shall
clearly indicate
whether they
are in the open
(off) or closed

1000kV
(on) position
Danger
TYPES OF MCB (SHORT/OVER & EL)
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CLASSIFICATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER
40

❖ The circuit breaker

is mainly
categorized into two
types. (AC & DC)
STANDARD WIRE COULOR CODE
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 42

DISTRIBUTION WIRES (RESIDENTIAL/ SINGLE PHASE)

✓Red = line or phase = Ungrounded Conductor

✓Black = neutral (Old Version)

✓Brown = line or phase

✓Blue = neutral (New Version)

✓Green-Yellow = Earthing = Earth- Conductor (connected

to grounding electrode/Grounding rod)
 HOW TO CHECK ?
43

❖Wiring Checks

❖ Testers, Socket Testers

❖ Analog & Digital Multi-

Meters

❖ Clamp Type Meters

(Ammeters)
ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS 44

✓Earth Resistance Tester

✓ check earth
resistance to ground

✓Others – insulation
resistance testers

✓ Also checks
resistance
EARTHING (UK) OR GROUNDING (US)
What is Electrical Earthing
/Grounding?
Why Earthing is required?
Earthing (UK) &
Grounding (US) means --
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❖Earthing, also known as
Grounding, allows people to
directly connect their bodies
with the Earth and use its
natural electric charges to
stabilize them.
❖Earthing System (UK)
❖Grounding System (US)
❖SAFEY & FUNCTIONAL
IDENTIFICATION OF GROUND CONDUCTOR
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• Equipment grounding conductor and distinguished green/

yellow wire
 GROUNDING 47

• The path to ground from circuits, equipment, and

enclosures shall be permanent and continuous
 TWO KINDS OF TT SYSTEM GROUNDING 48

• There are two kinds of grounding:

• 1. Electrical circuit or system grounding
• 2. Electrical equipment or body grounding
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM GROUNDING
49

➢One conductor of
the circuit is
intentionally
grounded to earth

➢Protects circuit
from lightning, or
other high voltage
contact
 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING
50

➢All metal frames & enclosures of equipment are grounded by a

permanent connection or bond

➢The equipment grounding conductor provides a path for

dangerous fault current
GROUNDING EQUIPMENT CONNECTED BY CORD 51

AND PLUG
✓Metal part of cord and
plug connected
equipment which may
become energized shall
be grounded.

✓If in a hazardous
location

✓If operated at over 150

volts
EQUIPMENT WITHOUT GROUNDING
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EQUIPMENT WITH GROUNDING

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