INSIGHTS AND INNOVATION

VOCABULARY: IDEAS AND SOLUTIONS

DESCRIBING IDEAS AND SOLUTIONS:

- PERSONAL: FOR INDIVIDUAL USE

- AFFORDABLE: ECONOMICALLY PRICED
- INNOVATE: NEW, ORIGINAL, AND ADVANCED
- PORTABLE: EASY TO CARRY AROUND
- UNIQUE: VERY SPECIAL AND/ OOR UNUSUAL
- TEMPORARY: NOT FOR PERMANENT USE
- BENEFICIAL: OF GREAT HELP
- ESSENTIAL: REALLY NECESSARY

DESCRIBING HELP AND BENEFITS:

WE CAN USE ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS TO TALK ABOUT HELPING OTHERS

EXAMPLES:

- CELL PHONES ARE BENEFICIAL.

- CELL PHONES ARE OF GREAT BENEFIT TO PEOPLE
- CELL PHONES ARE HELPFUL.
- CELL PHONES ARE A GREAT HELP TO PEOPLE
- PEOPLE CAN BENEFIT FROM CELL PHONES.

VERBS

WE ALSO USE VERBS

- BENEFIT SOMEBODY
- HELP SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING
- ENABLE SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING
- ALLOW SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING
- SUPPORT SOMEONE

EXAMPLES:

- INTERNET BENEFITS PEOPLE.

- INTERNET HELPS PEOPLE COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS
- INTERNET ENABLES PEOPLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS.
- INTERNET ALLOWS PEOPLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS.
- THE GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS POOR PEOPLE.

AFFORD:

IS OFTEN USED WITH CAN’T AND IN QUESTIONS WITH CAN.

- I CAN’T AFFORD A NEW BIKE.

- THEY CAN’T AFFORD TO SPEND MONEY ON EXPENSIVE.
 - CAN WE AFFORD THE EXPENSE¿

10.1 BIKING

GRAMMAR: THE PASSIVE VOICE S - V BE – PP

- WE USE THE PASSIVE VOICE TO FOCUS ON THE OBJECT

CARLA WILL BUY A LAPTOP NEXT MONTH.

- A LAPTOP WILL BE BOUGHT NEXT MONTH BY CARLA.

1. IDENTIFY THE OBJECT: A LAPTOP

2. INDENTIFY THE TENSE: SIMPLE FUTURE WILL
3. USE THE VERB BE: WILL BE
4. USE THE PAST PARTICIPLE: BOUGHT
5. ADD THE COMPLEMENT: NEXT MONTH
6. ADD BY PHRASE: BY CARLA

THE PASSIVE VOICE - FACTS

INCLUDE A BY PHRASE WHEN YOU WANT TO GIVE EXTRA INFORMATION, YOU WANT TO GIVE CREDIT
OR YOU WANT TO TALK ABOUT A SURPRISING SUBJECT.

– THE MONEY WAS STOLEN BY GUILLERMO WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR. (TO GIVE INFORMATION)
– THE CRIMINALS WERE CAUGHT BY ARMANDO CASAS. (TO GIVE CREDIT)
– THE CRIMINALS WERE BETRAYED BY THEIR LEADER. (SURPRISING SUBJECT)
– THE INFORMATION WAS SENT BY EMAIL. (TO DESCRIBE THE MEANS)

DON’T INCLUDE A BY PHRASE WHEN YOU DON’T KNOW WHO DID THE ACTIVITY, WHEN YOU WANT
TO PROTECT SOMEONE OR WHEN IT IS OBVIOUS.

– THREE THOUSAND DOLLARS WERE STOLEN FROM THE BANK. (UNKNOWN SUBJECT)
– SOME EVIDENCE WAS GIVEN TO THE POLICE. (TO PROTECT SOMEONE)
– SPANISH IS SPOKEN IN PERU, CHILE, AND MEXICO. (GIVEN)

BE - PAST PARTICIPLE

TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE

PRESENT SIMPLE I MAKE A CAKE A CAKE IS MADE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS IM MAKING A CAKE A CAKE IS BEING MADE
PAST SIMPLE I MADE A CAKE A CAKE WAS MADE
PAST CONTINUOUS I WAS MAKING A CAKE A CAKE WAS BEING MADE
PRESENT PERFECT I HAVE MADE A CAKE A CAKE HAS BEEN MADE
PAST PERFECT I HAD MADE A CAKE A CAKE HAD BEEN MADE
FUTURE SIMPLE I WILL MAKE A CAKE A CAKE WILL BE MADE
FUTURE BE GOING TO IM GOING TO MAKE A CAKE. A CAKE IS GOING TO BE MADE.
MODAL I MUST MAKE A CAKE. A CAKE MUST BE MADE
I COULD/CAN MAKE A CAKE. A CAKE COULD/CAN BE MADE
BAREFOOT RUNNING

VOCABULARY: PHRASAL VERBS (I)

– TRY OUT: EXPERIMENT DOING

– KEEP UP: MOVE AT THE SAME SPEED
– BURN OUT: STOP BECAUSE YOU HAVE DONE TOO MUCH AND ARE TIRED
– GIVE UP: STOP DOING SOMETHING
– CARRY ON: CONTINUE
– TAKE UP: START AN ACTIVITY

GRAMMAR: RELATIVE CLAUSES

WE USE IT IDENTIFY INFORMATION (PERON, OBJECT)

LOOK AT THE GIRL - THE GIRL IS RIDING A BIKE.

LOOK AT THE GIRL WHO IS RIDING A BIKE. (SUBJECT)

THE HOUSE BELONGS TO SOFIA - THE HOUSE IS IN LONDON.

THE HOUSE THAT IS IN LONDON BELONGS TO SOFIA. (SUBJECT)

YOU CAN OMIT THE RELATIVE PRONOUN WHO - WICH - THAT WHEN IT IS THE OBJECT OF CLAUSE.

THE BIKE WAS STOLEN - I LOVED THE BIKE

THE BIKE I LOVED WAS STOLEN

THE POLICE ARRESTED A MAN – I STUDIED WITH THAT MAN.

THE POLICE ARRESTED A MAN I STUDIED WITH.

EXPRESSIONS USING CLAUSES

– I REALLY LIKE SPORTS..

– I DON’T UNDERSTAND PEOPLE…
– I CAN’T STAND PEOPLE..
– I ONLY WATCH SPORTS…

VOCABULARY: FOOTWEAR

– SNEAKERS
– SANDALS
– HIGH HEELS
– SLIPPERS
– FLIP – FLOPS
– WORK SHOES
– WALKING BOOTS
 – BOOTS

10.3 TURNING POINTS

VOCABULARY: METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE

CROSSROADS, DIRECTION, FLASH, LIGHT

-SUDDENLY, I SAW THE LIGHT.

-I HAD A FLASH OF INSPIRATION.

-I WAS AT A CROSSROADS AND DIDN’T KNOW WHICH WAY TO GO.

-I HAD TO CHOOSE A NEW DIRECTION.

10.4, 10.5 – INSIGHTS AND INNOVATIONS

FOCUS LANGUAGE: GET SOMETHING DONE

GET/HAVE – NOUN – PAST PARTICIPLE

I GOT/ HAD MY HAIR CUT

I’M GETTING/HAVING MY
I GET/HAVE TEETH/EYES CHECKED
I’LL GET /HAVE MY CAR FIXED
I’M GOING TO GET/HAVE
I’D LIKE TO GET TO HAVE
I’VE HAD

EXAMPLES.

– I NEED TO GET MY BIKE FIXED.

– WHERE CAN I GET A KEY MADE¿
– I GOT/HAVE MY HAIR CUT. (PAST TENSE)
– HE GETS/HAS HIS HAIR CUT ONCE A MONTH. (PRESENT SIMPLE)
– I’M GETTING/HAVING MY HAIR CUT THIS AFTERNOON. (DIARY FUTURE)
– I’VE JUST HAD MY HAIR CUT. (PRESENT PERFECT)

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

–IS THERE ANYWHERE NEAR WHERE I CAN GET MY BIKE FIXED

–DO YOU KNOW WHERE I CAN GET A KEY MADE¿

–HOW LONG WILL IT TAKE¿

GIVING INFORMATION
–THERE’S A NEW BIKE SHOP ON WEST STREET ACROSS FROM THE STATION. I THINK THEY DO
REPAIRS.

–THERE’S A SHOE HOSPITAL ON THE GROUND FLOOR YOU CAN GET IT FIXED THERE.

–WE CAN HAVE IT FOR YOU BY TOMORROW MORNING.

ASKING SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING

– I’D LIKE TWO COPIES OF THIS KEY, PLEASE.

– HI, CAN YOU FIX THIS FOR ME, PLEASE¿

VOCABULARY BOX

CLEANED – CUT – POLISHED – PRINTED – RENEWED – TAKEN

BEAUTY SALON – CYBERCAFE – DRY CLEANERS – GARAGE – BANK – SHOE HOSPITAL – GAS STATION –
PHOTO STUDIO

EXPRESSIONS: “SAYING THANKS”

–THAT’S GREAT. THANKS!

–OK. THANKS. I’LL GIVE THAT A TRY.

–YEAH. THAT’LL BE FINE. THANKS!