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I Love Maths Series Book 4 - Analytical Geometry
I Love Maths Series Book 4 - Analytical Geometry
BOOK 4
MATHEMATICS
GRADE 12
2021 REVISION MATERIAL
ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
A collection of questions from previous
question papers (2016 to 2020).
Prepared by T Faya.
1
SECTION A
QUESTION 5 KZNM16
y
In the sketch alongside, points
K(–2:3), L(p;0) and M(–5;–3)
are vertices of Δ KLM in a Cartesian
plane. KM cuts the x-axis at N and
KN ˆL .
N
· L (p; 0)
x
M (–5; –3)
2
QUESTION 1 KZNJ16
In the diagram below, PQRS is a parallelogram. The vertices P and S lie on the y – axis.
The side QR is produced to its own length to T, ie. QR = RT. Q (3;5) and S (0;2).
PS= 2 units. The line segment PT intersects SR at W. PW = WT
y
Q(3;5)
R
W
S(0;2)
T
O x
1.1.1 P (3)
1.1.2 R (3)
1.1.3 T (3)
1.1.4 W (3)
1.2
1.2.1 Calculate the gradient of PQ. (2)
3
QUESTION 3 KZNS16
In the diagram below, A (–5; 1) , B(1; 6) and C(7; –2) are vertices of ABC with
AB produced to D. BD forms an angle, β , with the negative x – axis and BC forms
an angle, α , with the positive x – axis. AB̂C θ
y B(1; 6)
A(–5; 1)
O
D x
C(7; –2)
Determine:
3.5 the equation of the line parallel to AC and passing through the point (–1; 3) (3)
4
ECS16
5
QUESTION 3 FSS16
y
D(k ; 6)
<
A(0 ; 1)
C(8 ; 1)
x
O
B(2 ;
3.1 Calculate the length of BC. Leave your answer in simplest surd form. (3)
3.4 Calculate the size of rounded off to two decimal places. (6)
[16]
6
GPS16
7
QUESTION 3 LPS16
ABCD is a quadrilateral with vertices A(2 ; 5), B(−3 ; 10); C(−4 ; 3) and D(1 ;−2).
y
B(
A(2 ; 5)
C(
< β x
>
O
D(1 ;
3.1 Calculate the length of AC. (Leave the answer in simplest surd form.) (2)
3.7 ̂ C.
Calculate the size of A𝐷 (3)
[22]
8
MPS16
9
NWS16
10
WCS16
QUESTION 3
In the diagram below, ABC is an isosceles triangle with A(2;1) and B(4 ; 9). AB = BC and
BC is parallel to the 𝑦-axis.
𝒚 C
K
B (4 ; 9)
A (–2 ; 1)
𝒙
11
QUESTION 3 NM16
In the diagram below, P(1 ; 1), Q(0 ; –2) and R are the vertices of a triangle and PR̂Q = θ.
The x-intercepts of PQ and PR are M and N respectively. The equations of the sides PR
and QR are y = –x + 2 and x + 3y + 6 = 0 respectively. T is a point on the x-axis, as shown.
3.4 Calculate the length of PR. Leave your answer in surd form. (2)
3.5 Determine the equation of a circle passing through P, Q and R in the form
x a2 y b2 r 2 . (6)
3.6 Determine the equation of a tangent to the circle passing through P, Q and R at point
P in the form y = mx + c. (3)
12
NJ16
13
NN16
14
QUESTION 4 KZNM17
In the figure below, A (–1; 3) , B (3; –1) and C (–p; q) are vertices of Δ ABC.
Area of Δ ABC = 12 square units. CD is AB.
y
A(-1;3)
O x
B(3;-1)
C(p;q)
[12]
QUESTION 1 KZNJ17
1.1 A ( – 2 ; 4 ) , B ( – 6 ; 2 ) and C ( 3 ; p ) are points in the Cartesian plane.
Calculate the value of p if AB AC (5)
1.2 In the diagram below, P (–2 ; 5 ) , R (– 6 ; 3 ) and Q are the vertices of Δ PRQ .
N (–1 ; 2 ) is the midpoint of RQ.
y
P (-2; 5)
L
R (-6; 3)
N (-1; 2)
O x
[23]
15
QUESTION 3 KZNS17
In the figure below, PQR is a triangle with P(1 ; –1) . Q is a point on the y-axis. The equations
of QR and PR are x – 3y + 6 = 0 and x – y – 2 = 0 respectively. Given QP̂R θ .
x – 3y + 6 = 0
Q x–y–2=0
x
O
P (1; –1)
3.6 Calculate the length of PR. (leave your answer in the simplest surd form). (2)
[15]
16
ECS17
17
18
QUESTION 3 GPJ17
1
In the diagram below, PRST is a quadrilateral with P (–2; 4), 𝑅 (−1; −2 3 ) and T (4; 6). PS
is drawn and W is a point on the x-axis. PR intersects the x-axis at M and PT || RS. L is the
y- intercept of PT.
y
T (4; 6)
L
P (– 2; 4)
x
M O S W
1
𝑅 (−1; −2 )
3
3.4.1 (2)
19
LPS17
20
MPS17
21
NWS17
22
WCS17
23
NN17
24
KZNM18
25
QUESTION 6 KZNM16
In the sketch below, the circle with centre M touches, the y-axis at P and the
x-axis at R(2:0). The straight line defined by the equation y = – x – 2 cuts the circle
at point Q and passes through point P.
R(2; 0)
0 x
P·
M
26
SECTION B
QUESTION 2 KZNJ16
2.1 In the diagram below C(3; –3) is the centre of the circle with radius equal to
5 units. F and G are the points of intersection of the circle with y – axis and the
x – axis respectively, HK is a tangent to the circle at F and cuts the x – axis at H.
H G
x
●
C(3;–3)
27
y
2.2 In the diagram alongside, Q(6;5)
x
The circle with the centre
Q (6; 5) touches the circle with
centre P externally at R.
Determine the equation of the circle
with centre Q.
(5)
[20]
QUESTION 4 KZNS16
In the diagram below, centre W of the circle lies on the straight line 3x + 4y + 7 = 0
The straight line cuts the circle at V and Z(–1; –1). The circle touches the y-axis
at G(0; 2)
M(a ; b)
M (a ; b)
W G(0; 2)
x
Z (–1; –1)
4.1.1 Determine the equation of the circle in the form (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2. (5)
4.1.6 Show that the line in QUESTION 4.1.5 and straight line VZ intersect at W. (2)
4.2 The circle defined by (x + 2)2 + (y – 1)2 = 25 has centre M, and the circle defined by
(x –1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 9 has centre N.
4.2.1 Show that the circles intersect each other at two distinct points. (6)
29
QUESTION 4 FSS16
In the diagram below, M (m; 3) is the centre of the circle. Q (−4; 𝑞) is the midpoint of chord AB with
A (−12; 2) and B (a; 11). The length of the radius of the circle is 10.
y
B (𝑎; 11)
Q (−4; 𝑞)
M(m; 3)
A(−12; 2)
x
4.3 If M(−2; 3), determine the equation of the circle in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (2)
30
QUESTION 5 FSS16
5.1 Calculate the value of k if the points A(6;5), B(3; 2) and C(2k ; k 4) are collinear.
(3)
5.2 The equation of circle is given: x y 4 x 4 y 3 0 .
2 2
5.2.1 Determine the coordinates of the centre of the circle and the length of the radius.
(4)
5.2.2 Determine whether the point T(3; 3) lies inside, outside or on the circle. Show all
your calculations. (2)
[9]
GPS16
31
QUESTION 4 LPS16
4.1 A circle has a diameter with equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1. The tangent to the circle at
point E intersects the 𝑥-axis at F(12 ; 0).
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
D
0 F(12 ; 0) x
T•
M•
P (𝒑 ; −𝒑)
0 x
32
MPS16
33
NWS16
34
WCS16
QUESTION 4
The diagram below consists of two circles, which touch each other externally at C (1 ;–2). The
smaller circle has its centre O at the origin. The other circle has centre D(𝑡 ; –6). CA is a
common tangent which intersects the 𝑥-axis at A. CDE is the diameter of the larger circle.
𝒙
O A
C (1 ;–2)
D (𝑡 ;–6)
4.1 Give a reason why the points O, C and D lie on a straight line. (2)
4.6 Determine the equation of a circle passing through the points A(5 ; 0), C and E in the
form ( x a) 2 ( y b) 2 r 2 . (6)
4.7 If a circle with centre D and equation ( x t ) 2 ( y 6) 2 r 2 has to cut the circle with
centre O twice, give all possible values of r. (4)
[21]
35
QUESTION 4 NM16
In the diagram below, the equation of the circle with centre O is x 2 y 2 20 . The tangent
1
PRS to the circle at R has the equation y x k . PRS cuts the y-axis at T and the x-axis
2
at S.
4.3 Determine the area of OTS, given that R(2 ; –4). (6)
36
NJ16
37
NN16
38
QUESTION 5 KZNM17
In the accompanying diagram alongside, P(3; 2) lies on the circumference of a circle with
centre M. The circle also passes through the origin. Q is the intercept of the circle with the x-axis.
Determine: y
P(3;2)
α A
B O x
Determine:
[17]
39
QUESTION 4KZNS17
4.1 In the diagram below, MN is a radius of a circle with centre M(–2 ; 1). The co-ordinates
of N are (2 ; a) and a < 0. The co-ordinates of P are (-2’-7). PQ and PN are tangents to the circle at Q
and N respectively. The coordinates of Q is (–6 ; b). PM is parallel to the y – axis.
y
M(–2; 1)
α
θ x
O
O
Q (–6; b) N(2; a)
P (-2;-7)
4.2.1 Show that the two circles touch each other internally. (5)
4.2.2 Determine the equation of the common tangent to the circles. (2)
[22]
40
ECSS17
41
42
QUESTION 4 GPJ17
In the diagram, a circle centred at E, has the equation of x y 10x 2 y m 0 . BED is a diameter
2 2
of the circle and ABC a tangent to the circle at B (–10; –4). The circle cuts the y-axis at D.
A D
x
E
B (–10; –4)
2 2 2
4.1 Rewrite the equation of the circle in the form ( x a ) ( y b) r (3)
4.5 Determine the equation of the tangent ABC at B in the form y = mx + c. (5)
4.6 If a circle with equation (𝑥 − 4)2 + 𝑦 2 = 5 and the centre M is drawn on the same
Cartesian plane, determine if the two circles centred at E and M respectively,
will intersect each other. Show ALL calculations. (7)
[21]
43
LPS17
44
NWS17
45
WCS17
46
NJ17
47
NN17
48
KZNJ18
49
50
KZNS18
51
ECS18
52
QUESTION 4 FSS18
In the diagram below, a circle with diameter NP is given with N(−2; 3) and P(4; −7).
N (–2; 3) Q
x
O
P (4; –7)
Determine:
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝑃𝑄𝑁
4.4 Calculate the value of: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 (4)
[17]
53
GPS18
54
55
GPS18
56
LPS18
57
58