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tubercles as younger stages of the larger scars characteristic of the
genus Ulodendron. Williamson’s contributions to our knowledge of
Halonia are of primary importance; he supplied further proof of the
Lepidodendroid nature of these branches and advanced our
knowledge of their anatomy. In an early paper[315] he expressed the
view that the differences on which Halonia and Ulodendron are
separated are such as result from a difference in age and are not of
generic importance. In the last memoir, of which he was sole author,
published by the Royal Society[316], Williamson brought forward
further evidence in support of this well-founded opinion.
That the fossils known as Halonia are branches of a
lepidodendroid plant is at least certain, and it is probable that the
lateral branches which they bore were fertile, though satisfactory
proof of this is lacking. We know also that Halonia branches are
characterised by the Lepidophloios form of leaf-cushion; there is,
however, no sufficient reason to assume that such branches were
never attached to stems with the cushions of the Lepidodendron
form. The further question, namely whether Williamson was correct
in his contention as to the absence of any essential distinction
between Ulodendron and Halonia, does not admit of an
unchallenged answer. In 1903 Weiss[317] described the anatomy of a
specimen of a biseriate Halonia branch of Lepidophloios. The form of
the leaf-cushions is unfortunately not very well preserved, but Weiss
figures other specimens with two rows of tubercles on which the leaf-
cushions are sufficiently distinct to justify a comparison with those of
Lepidophloios. He believes with Williamson that it is the presence of
tubercles in place of scars which distinguishes Halonia from
Ulodendron, and that the arrangement of the tubercles or scars is a
matter of little importance. He expresses the opinion justified by the
evidence available that the absence or presence of tubercles is
merely due to accidents of preservation or, one may add, to
difference in age. Kidston[318] dissents from Weiss’s description of his
specimen as a biseriate Halonia; he regards it as a Ulodendron
branch of Sigillaria discophora (König). Until specimens with more
clearly preserved external features are forthcoming it is impossible to
settle the point in dispute, but on the facts before us there would
seem to be a prima facie case in favour of Weiss’s contention.
The designation Halonia may be retained as a descriptive term for
Lepidodendroid shoots characterised by spirally disposed scars or
tubercles and bearing leaf-cushions of the Lepidophloios type. In the
case of specimens showing prominent tubercles, the superficial
tissues are usually absent and, as in the fossil represented in fig.
161, the name Halonia does not necessarily imply the presence of
leaf-cushions of a particular type.