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Ebook PDF of El Partido de La Muerte 1St Edition Pepe Gálvez Guillem Escriche Full Chapter
Ebook PDF of El Partido de La Muerte 1St Edition Pepe Gálvez Guillem Escriche Full Chapter
Ebook PDF of El Partido de La Muerte 1St Edition Pepe Gálvez Guillem Escriche Full Chapter
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But the most noteworthy fact concerning Greek
Significance for religion in its relations to Greek morality is this—that it
Greek morality was a religion practically without a priesthood. For
of the absence
of a priestly
there never arose in Greece a priestly class like that in
caste Egypt, in Persia, in India, and in Judea. This is a fact
of supreme importance in the history of Greek morals.
It prevented the growth of a theocratic morality, with its artificial ritual
duties and its conservative tendencies.
It is interesting to note that it was the early rise of philosophy in
the Greek cities of Ionia that saved Hellas from the domination of a
sacerdotal caste. For at the time this philosophy arose the Orphic
doctrines were overspreading Greece. Now this was a priestly
religion, that is, a religion interpreted and administered by priests. Its
triumph in Greece would have meant the establishment of a powerful
national priesthood. This misfortune was prevented by the
intellectual and philosophical movement in Ionia. It is this fact which
leads Professor Bury to pronounce the rise of the study of
philosophy in the Ionian cities one of the most important facts in the
history of Hellas; for “it meant the triumph of reason over mystery; it
led to the discrediting of the Orphic movement; it insured the free
436
political and social progress of Hellas.” And all this meant the
keeping of the ground clear for the upgrowth and development of an
essentially lay or secular morality, a morality that found its sanctions
alone in the human reason and conscience.
The Greek virtue For we should not fail to note that in the Greek
of courage a
form of our
enumeration of the virtues, the virtue of self-sacrifice,
virtue of self- which we give the first place in our own moral ideal, is
sacrifice 438
hidden under courage or fortitude. With us this
virtue expresses itself in a great variety of forms; with the Greeks, in
one form chiefly—self-devotion on the battlefield. This altruism, it is
true, was narrow; it did not look beyond one’s own city; but
notwithstanding this limitation it was genuine altruism, for facing
death in battle, as Aristotle says, is “the greatest and noblest of
439
perils.” This ready self-devotion of the individual to the common
interests of his city was the most attractive feature of Greek morality.
It formed the basis of Greek civilization. When this virtue was lost the
Greek city perished, and with it Greek civilization passed away.
Among all the cities of Greece, Sparta realized most perfectly the
military virtues of the Greek ideal. The great place so long held by
her in the ancient world she won through the loyalty of her citizens to
the soldier’s ideal of obedience, courage, and self-devotion. The
conduct of Leonidas and his companions in the pass of Thermopylæ
not only had a bracing effect upon Greek character for generations,
but has never ceased, through the inspiration of example, to add to
the sum total in the world of loyalty to duty.