ASSIGNMENT#1

Question No. 1:
(Marks 10)

Suppose a Station A transmits a message containing five characters to Station B using Even Parity
encoding to ensure data integrity during transmission. Each character consists of 8 bits encoded in
the ASCII. Station B receives the message of five 9-bit data elements and needs to extract the 8-bit
data message from each element and decode it using ASCII to form meaningful words. The data
elements received by Station B are:

Received 9-bit Data Elements:

010101100 010101010 010011001 010011010 010100110

Assuming the data is received correctly without any errors by Station B, you are required
to do the following tasks:

1. Extract 8-bit Data Message: Remove the Parity bits to extract the 8-bit data message from
each 9-bit received element.
2. Decode and Extract using ASCII: Convert each 8-bit data message into its corresponding
ASCII character to extract the meaningful words.

ANS 1:
**Received Message Data message (Bits) Decoded Message?**

010101100 10101100 'T'

010101010 10101010 '.'

010011001 0011001 'c'

010011010 0011010 'h'

010100110 100110 'v'

Explanation:
1.Extract 8-bit Data Message: Remove the parity bit (rightmost bit) from each received element.
2.Decode and Extract using ASCII: Convert the remaining 8-bit data message to its
corresponding ASCII character using an ASCII table.
Example:
Received message: 010101100
Remove parity bit: 10101100
Convert to ASCII: 10101100 = 'T' (using an ASCII table)

Question No. 2: Wireless LAN Technologies (10 Marks)

ANS 2:
a) Collision Detection in Wireless LANs
 In wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), stations are often out of each other's range, making
collision detection (used in wired Ethernet) impossible. To overcome this, WLANs use a technique
called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA).
1. Carrier Sense: Before transmitting data, a station listens for a carrier signal on the channel.
2. Collision Avoidance: If the channel is clear, the station transmits after a random delay to further
minimize collision risk.
b) Matching Technology Speeds
A: LAN technology B: Data transfer rate / Speed

LOCAL TALK 4Mbps to 16Mbps

IBM TOKEN RING 4Mbps to 16Mbps

Fiber Distributed Data Interconnect (FDDI) 100Mbps

Explanation:
 LocalTalk (AppleTalk) typically operates at speeds around 230.4 Kbps, much slower than 4Mbps.
 IBM Token Ring also operates around 4Mbps to 16Mbps.
 FDDI offers higher speeds, ranging from 100Mbps to 1Gbps.