Solution

CHAPTER 5 - ASSIGNMENT - CLASS 12

Class 12 - Physics
1. The poles must be symmetric to each other or a magnet. It is possible only when the poles of the remaining two magnets are in a
given figure

The north pole of magnet (1) is equally attracted by south poles of (2) and (3) magnets placed at equal distance.
Similarly, one pole of anyone magnet is attracted by opposite poles of other two magnets so resultant force or moment of each
magnet is zero and will not be in motion placed on the table.

2.

Consider an Ampere loop C inside and outside the magnet NS on side PQ of magnet then
→ ⃗ →
Q P B
⃗
∫ H ⋅ dl = ∫ dl
P Q μ
0

Where B is magnetic field and m0 is dipole moment. As angle between B and dl varies from 90o, So
→ ⃗ →
Q P
∫
P
⃗
H ⋅ dl = ∫
Q μ0
B
⋅ dl > 0 i.e. positive.
Hence, the value of B must be varied from south pole to north pole inside the magnet.
→
According to Ampere's law, we get ∮ P DP
⃗
H ⋅ dl = 0

→ →
⃗ Q ⃗ ⃗ P ⃗
∮ H ⋅ dl = ∫ H ⋅ dl + ∫ H ⋅ dl = 0
P QP P Q

Q P
As ∫ p
H ⋅ dl > 0 (outside the magnet) and ∫ 0
H ⋅ dl < 0 (inside the magnet). It is due to the angle between H and dl is more
than 90o inside the magnet so cos θ is negative. It means the lines of H must run from north pole to south pole inside the bar
magnet.
3. As shown in Figure, the point P lies on the equatorial line of both the magnets a and b.

= 0.5 × 10-4 T (antiparallel to m1)

μ m1 −7

∴ Ba = 0

4π
⋅
3
=
10 ×32

3
r (0.40)
1

= 10-4 T (antiparallel to m2)

μ0 m2 −7
10 ×27
Bb = 4π
⋅
3
=
3
r (0.30)
2

The two fields are perpendicular to each other. So the resultant field at point P is
−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−
B = √B 2
a + B
2
b
= 10
−4
√(0.5)2 + 1
2
= 1.12 × 10-4 T
If the field B makes an angle θ with the direction of Bb, then

or θ = 26.57o
−4
Ba
tan θ = Bb
=
0.5×10

−4
10

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4. a. Magnetic moment, M = N I A = 2000 × 4 × 1.6 × 10 −4
= 1.28 Am2
−
→
The direction of M is along the axis of the solenoid in the direction related to the sense of current via the right handed screw
rule.
b. The magnetic field is given to be uniform. So, the force on the solenoid is zero.
Torque, τ = M B sin θ = 1.28 × 7.5 × 10 sin 30 −2 ∘

−2 1
= 1.28 × 7.5 × 10 × J = 0.048 J
2
→
The direction of the torque is such that the solenoid tends to align the axis of the solenoid (magnetic moment vector) along B .
μ0
5. a. Magnetic field due to P on its axis, Bp = 4π
2M

3
along the axis and
d
μ
Magnetic field due to P on the normal bisector, B'p = 4π
0 M

3
along the axis, and antiparallel to the axis.
d

b. i. The system is not in equilibrium when the magnetic moment of Q is perpendicular to B'p; i.e. in configuration PQ1 and
PQ2.
ii. Equilibrium is stable when the magnetic moment of Q is parallel to Bp, and unstable when the magnetic moment of Q is
antiparallel to Bp.
∴ configurations PQ5 and PQ6 represent stable equilibrium and configurations PQ3 and PQ4 represent unstable
equilibrium.
c. The potential energy of configuration arises due to potential energy of one dipole (say Q) in the magnetic field due to the other
(P).
The lowest potential energy is the maximum negative energy, which is for configuration PQ6. (Field due to P is more on axial
line, than on the right bisector).
6. i. Torque, τ = mB sin θ where m is the magnetic moment of the magnet, B is the external magnetic field and θ is the angle with
which a short bar magnet placed with its axis.
Here, θ = 60 ∘

τ = 0.063N m

m = 0.9J /T
τ 0.063
⇒ B= = ∘
m sin θ 0.9×sin 60

⇒ B = 0.081 T

ii. The magnet will be in stable equilibrium in the magnetic field if torque, τ = 0

∘
⇒ mB sin θ = 0 ⇒ θ = 0

i.e when bar magnet aligns itself parallel to the field.

7. i. Here B = 0.2 T, θ = 30o, τ = 0.06 Nm
Magnetic moment,
m= τ

B sin θ
=
0.06
∘
=
0.2×0.5
0.06
= 0.6 Am2
0.2 sin 30

ii. The P.E. of a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field is

U = -mB cos θ
In stable equilibrium, the P.E. is minimum. So,
cos θ = 1 or θ = 0o
Hence the bar magnet will be in stable equilibrium when its magnetic moment m⃗ is parallel to the magnetic field B⃗ .
8. Let qm be the pole strength of each magnet.
In case of magnet P,
Force on N-pole = qm B (towards right)
Force on S-pole = qm B (towards left)
∴ Net force on P = 0
The dipole moment m⃗ of P points in the opposite direction of B⃗ .
∴ Torque, τ = mB sin 180o = 0
P.E. of P = - mB cos 180° = + mB
In case of magnet Q,
Force on N-pole = qm B (towards right)
Force on S-pole = qm B (towards left)

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 ∴ Net force on Q = 0
The dipole moment m⃗ of Q points in the direction B⃗ .
∴ Torque, τ = mB sin 0° = 0

P.E. of Q = - mB cos 0° = - mB
As the net force and net torque on both of the magnets are zero, so both P and Q are in equilibrium. But Q is in stable equilibrium
because its P.E. is minimum. If the magnet P (in unstable equilibrium) is disturbed, a torque acts on it to align it in the opposite
direction, whereas the torque on magnet Q brings it back to the original alignment.
9. i. Mass of iron bar = volume × density
= 5 cm3 × 7.8 gcm-3 = 39 g
Number of atoms in 56 g of iron = 6.02 × 1023
= 4.19 × 1023
23

∴ Number of atoms in 39 g of iron = 6.02× 10

56
×39

Magnetic moment of each atom = 1.8 × 10-23 Am2

Magnetic moment of the iron bar in the state of magnetic saturation is
m = 1.8 × 10-23 × 4.19 × 1023 = 7.54 Am2
ii. Here θ = 90o, B = 15,000 G = 15000 × 10-4 T
∴ Required torque, τ = mB sin θ

= 7.54 × 15000 × 10-4 × sin 90o = 11.3 Nm

10. We have to Verify the Ampere's law for magnetic field of a point dipole moment by taking C as the closed curve running
clockwise along different directions. Consider a plane on x-z plane on which there are two loops (of radius R and a) and a point
dipole on origin of dipole moment M (as shown in the figure). From P to Q, every point on the z-axis lies at the axial line of
magnetic dipole of moment M.

Magnetic field induction at a point distance r from the magnetic dipole of moment is
μ 2|M| μ M
0 0
|B| = =
4πz 3 2πz 3

a. Along z-axis from P to Q,

Q Q R
∫
p
B. dl = ∫ p
B. dl cos 0° = ∫ a
B dz
R μ μ M −1
0 M 0 1 1
= ∫ dz = ( )( − )
a 2π 3 2π 2 2 2
z R a

μ0 M
1 1
= ( − )
4π 2 2
a R

b. Along the quarter circle QS of radius R is given in the figure below:

The point A lies on the equatorial line of the magnetic dipole of moment M sin θ Magnetic filed at point A on the circular arc
is
μ
0 M sin θ
∴ B = ; dl = Rdθ
4π 3
R

→
π/2 ⃗ π/2 ∘ π/2 ∘
∫ B ⋅ dl = ∫ Bdl cos 0 +∫ Bdl cos 90
0 0 0

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 π/2 μ0 m
= ∫ ( ) sin θ(Rdθ)
0 3
4πR
μ0 m π/2 μ0 m
= ∫ sin θdθ =
2 0 2
4πR 4πR

c. Along x-axis over the path ST, consider the figure given ahead

From figure, every point lies on the equatorial line of magnetic dipole. Magnetic field induction at a point distance x from the
dipole is

μ0 M
B= −
4π 3
x

T a μ M
0
∴ ∫ B ⋅ dl = ∫ − ⋅ dl = 0
S R 4πx3

[∵ angle between (-M) and dl is 90°]

d. Along the quarter circle TP of radius a. Consider the figure given below:

From case (b), we get line integral of B along the quarter circle TP of radius a is circular arc TP radius a is circular are TP.
0 μ
0 M sin θ
∫ B ⋅ dl = ∫ adθ
π/2 4π 3
a
μ 0 μ
0 M 0 M 0
= ∫ sin θdθ = [− cos θ]
4π 2 π/2 4π 2 π/2
a a
−μ
0 M
=
4π 2
a
Q S T P
∴ ∮ B ⋅ dl = ∫ B ⋅ dl + ∫ B ⋅ dl + ∫ B ⋅ dl + ∫ B ⋅ dl
P QST P 0 S T

μ M μ μ
=
4π
0
[
1

2
−
1

2
] +
4π
0 M

2
+ 0 + (−
0

4π
M

2
) = 0 these are the required result
a R R a

11. Given: χ = 1.2 × 10-5, T1 = 300 K, χ = 1.8 × 10-5

1 2

To find: Required temperature (T2)

Formula: χT = constant
χ1 T1 = χ2 T2
χ T1 −5
1.2× 10 ×300
∴ T2 = 1

χ2
=
−5
1.8×10

∴ T2 = 200 K
The required temperature is 200 K.
12. i. Intensity of magnetization is small negative for a diamagnetic substance and large positive for a ferromagnetic substance.
ii. In a non uniform magnetic field, a diamagnetic substance tends to move from stronger to weaker part while the ferromagnetic
substance tends to move from weaker to stronger part of the field.
iii. For a diamagnetic substance, susceptibility is small negative while for a ferromagnetic substance, susceptibility is large
positive.
13. Given, n = 500 turns/m, i = 3 A, μ = 5000 r

Magnetic intensity, H = ni = 500 × 3 = 1500Am −1

Since μ = 1 + χ
r m

∴ χ m = μ − 1 = 5000 − 1 = 4999 ≈ 5000

r
μ
Also, μ = r = 5000
μ
0

∴ μ = 5000μ0

Magnetisation, I = χ m H

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 6 −1
= 5000 × 1500 = 7.5 × 10 Am

Magnetic field inside the core,

B = μH = 5000μ0 H

−7
= 5000(4π × 10 ) × 1500

B = 3π = 3 ×
22

7
= 9.4 T
28g 28g
14. ρ
N2
=
22.4lit
=
22400ml
=
28

22400
g per cm
3

3
ρCu = 8g/cm
ρ
N2 28 −4
∴ = = 1.6 × 10
ρ 22400×8
Cu
χ −9

Also, χC u
N
=
5×10

−5
= 5 × 10
−4

10

Magnetic susceptibility, χ , is given by,

Intensity of magnetisation (M)
χ =
Magnetising field intensity (H)

Magne tic mome nt(M )

Volume (V )
χ =
H
M
χ =
HV

If m, V, ρ are the mass, volume and density of magnetic material, then

m
= V
ρ

M×ρ
Thus, χ = Hm

So, χ ∝ ρ as mH
M
is constant.
χ ρ
N2 N2
So, χCu
=
ρ
= 1.6 × 10
−4

Cu

So, the major difference between diamagnetic susceptibility of N2 gas and solid Cu is due to their density and is equal to
1.6 × 10 . −4

15. Key concept: Magnetic susceptibility: It is the property of the substance which shows how easily a substance can be magnetised.
A related term is magnetizability, the proportion between magnetic moment and magnetic flux density. It can also be defined as
I
the ratio of intensity of magnetisation (I) in a substance to the magnetic intensity (H) applied to the substance, i.e. χ
m =
H

I ( intensity of magnetisation )
χm = =
H ( Magnetising force )

As I and H both have same units and dimensions, hence χ has no dimensions. In the problem, χ is related with e,m, v, R and μ . 0

We know that dimensions of μ 0 [MLT-2 A-2]

From Biot-Savart's law,
μ
0 Idl sin θ
dB =
4π r2
2 2 f
4π r dB 4πr F
⇒ μ0 = = × [∵ dB = ]
Idl sin θ Idl sin θ qv sin θ qv sin θ

∴ Dimensions of
2 −2

= [MLQ-2]
L ×(ML T )

μ0 =
−1 −1
(Q T )(L)×1×(Q)(L T )×(1)

where, Q is the dimensions of charge. This is the required result.

As χ is dimensionless, it should have no involvement of charge Q in its dimensional formula. It will be so if μ and e together
0

should have the value μ e , as e has the dimensions of charge,

0
2

Let, χ = μ e m v R ...(i) 0
2 a b c

where a, b, c are the power of m, v and R respectively, such that relation (i) is satisfied.
Dimensional equation of (i) is
[M0L0T0A0T0] = [MLA - 2 T-2] × [A2T2] [M]a × [LT-1]b × [L]c
= [MI+a + LI+b+c T-b A0]
Equating the powers of M, L and T, we get
0 = 1 + a ⇒ a = -1, 0 = 1 + b + c ...(ii)
0 = -b ⇒ b = 0, 0 = 1 + 0 + c or c = -1
Putting values in Eq. (i), we get
2
μ0 e
2 −1 0 −1
χ = μ0 e m v R =
mR

Here, μ 0
= 4π × 10
−7
TmA
−1

e = 1.6 × 10-19 C

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 m = 9.1 × 10-31 kg, R = 10-10 m
−7 −19 2
(4π× 10 )× (1.6× 10 )
−4
χ = = 10
−31 −10
(9.1× 10 )× 10

χ −4
10

χ
= −5
=10
givensolid 10

16. i. X is a diamagnetic substance.

Y is a paramagnetic substance.
ii. X - The field lines are repelled or expelled and the field inside the material is reduced when a diamagnetic bar is placed in an
external field.
Y - The field lines get concentrated inside the material and the field is increased when a paramagnetic bar is placed in an
external field.
17. Paramagnetic substance : Aluminium, Sodium
Diamagnetic substance : Bismuth, Copper.
Magnetic susceptibility of the diamagnetic materials is small and negative, i.e. −1 ≤ χ < 0 , whereas the susceptibility of
m

paramagnetic substance is small and positive, i.e. 0 < χ < a , where a is a small number.
m

18. The volume of the cubic domain is

V = (10-6 m)3 = 10-18 m3 = 10-12 cm3
Its mass is volume × density = 7.9 g cm-3 × 10-12 cm = 7.9 × 10-12g
It is given that Avagadro number (6.023 × 1023) of iron atoms have a mass of 55 g. Hence, the number of atoms in the domain is
−12 23
7.9× 10 ×6.023× 10
N =
55

= 8.65 × 1010 atoms

The maximum possible dipole moment mmax is achieved for the (unrealistic) case when all the atomic moments are perfectly
aligned.
Thus,
10 −24
mmax = (8.65 × 10 ) × (9.27 × 10 )

−13 2
= 8.0 × 10 Am

The maximum intensity of magnetization is given by ;-

mmax
Mmax = Domain volume

= 8.0 × 10-13 Am2/10-18 m3

= 8.0 × 105 Am-1
19. i. If −1 ≤ χ < 0 , the material is diamagnetic. The range of relative magnetic permeability is 0 ≤ μ r < 1 .
ii. If 0 < χ < ε , the material is paramagnetic.
r

a. The range of relative magnetic permeability is 1 < μ r, < 1 + ε .

b. For pattern of the field lines,

20. Properties Diamagnetic Paramagnetic Ferromagnetic

Susceptibility is small and

Susceptibility Susceptibility is small and positive. Susceptibility is very large.
negative.

The magnetic permittivity is less The magnetic permittivity is much

Magnetic The magnetic permittivity is greater
than the permittivity of free greater than the permittivity of free
permeability than the permittivity of free space.
space. space.

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Coercivity The coercivity for diamagnetic The coercivity for paramagnetic The coercivity for ferromagnetic
substance is zero. substance is zero. substance is positive.
Example of these materials are:
i. Paramagnetic: Oxygen O2
ii. Diamagnetic: Nitrogen N2
iii. Ferromagnetic: Iron
a. The field lines due to an external magnetic field near a diamagnetic substance.

b. The field lines due to an external magnetic field near a paramagnetic substance.

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