NETIQUETTE

Netiquette is a made-up word from the words net and

etiquette. Netiquette thus describes the rules of conduct for
respectful and appropriate communication on the internet.
Netiquette is often referred to ass etiquette for the internet.
 THE GOLDEN RULE

Do not do or say online what you would not do or

say offline.
 NETIQUETTE: GENERAL RULES OF
CONDUCT

1. Stick to the rules of conduct online that you follow in real life
• Refrain from insulting, provoking, threatening or insulting others. Respect the
opinions of your chat counterparts and express constructive criticism. Remember
that you can be prosecuted for insulting people online.
2. Think of the person
• You are not communicating with the machine, but with real people. Consider what
and how you write because the internet doesn’t forget anything. A screenshot or a
copy of your message is quickly made and still exists even if you delete your
messages afterward.
 NETIQUETTE: GENERAL RULES OF
CONDUCT

1. Present your best side online

• Communication on the internet comes with a certain anonymity that does not
exist in real life when you are talking to someone face to face. Often this
anonymity leads to a lower inhibition threshold for many users and they behave
rudely online if, for example, you disagree with them.
• Make sure that you show your best side online. Remain friendly and respectful,
even if you disagree. Good netiquette is characterized by respect, politeness, and
professionalism.
2. Read first, then ask
• It is important to gather all the information before responding or asking questions.
 NETIQUETTE: GENERAL RULES OF
CONDUCT

1. Pay attention to grammar and punctuation

• Grammar, spelling and punctuation become especially important when composing
emails or other correspondence that you submit to colleagues or superiors. If you
have weakness in grammar and spelling, don’t be discouraged. Use spelling aids
before you send messages.
2. Respect the privacy of others
• Do not simply forward information that has been sent to you without first
obtaining permission from the original sender. When sending private emails to
multiple recipients, use BCC (blind carbon copy) instead of CC.
• This rule also applies to uploading and sharing photos or videos that show other
people.
 NETIQUETTE: GENERAL RULES OF
CONDUCT

1. Respect the time and bandwidth of others

• Information can be sent to different people around the world in a matter of
seconds – and without much effort. Nevertheless, the bandwidth, that is to say the
information capacity of wires and channels, is limited.
2. Forgive the mistake of others
• Everyone who goes online to forums and networks was once a beginner. As in any
other field, you can make mistakes as a beginner.
• Often these are spelling mistakes, superfluous questions or answers that are too
long.With this in mind, it’s important to forgive your counterparts’ mistake.
 NETIQUETTE: GENERAL RULES OF
CONDUCT

1. Don’t abuse your power

• If you have more power than others, you do not have the right to exploit this power.
• Don’t spy on colleagues or chat participants just because you have the technical means
to do so.

2. Help keep the flame wars under control

• If you get into such a discussion, you should stay out of it. Always remember that you
should treat others as you would like to be treated. Profanity is not part of netiquette.
• Also remember that insults and threats on the internet can have legal consequences for
you.
 NETIQUETTE: GENERAL RULES OF
CONDUCT

1. Know where you are in cyberspace

• If you are in a new area that is unfamiliar to you, you need to look around and learn the
ropes. Get an idea of how other people in this area of cyberspace communicate with
each other and adapt to them.
2. Hate speech and netiquette
• If you come across such statements on the internet, you should report them to the
provider of the website. The providers are legally obliged to delete content which is
evidently illegal within 24 hours.
• You can actively approach the spreaders of hate speech and try to invalidate their
statements and subsequently educate the perpetrators.
• Under no circumstances should you react with hate or insults.You could be accountable
for this.
 NETIQUETTE: SAFETY RULES FOR
CHILDREN

1. Do not give out personal information

• In these times of social media, identity theft and social engineering, keeping
personal information secret is essential. Under no circumstances should you share
passwords or personal information such as name, address, or telephone number
online.The name of the school, clubs, or organizations should also be kept secret.
2. Use neutral nickname
• Make sure that you use a neutral nickname in chat rooms.
• In addition, a neutral nickname ensures that other people do not feel insulted or
ridiculed.
 NETIQUETTE: SAFETY RULES FOR
CHILDREN

1. Netiquette and bot/troll posts

• So-called bots are computer programs that usually automatically follow up on a task
without requiring any interaction with humans. In social media, bots often post
comments on their own posts.
2. Do not trust chat participants
• You should always approach strangers with a healthy skepticism.You never know who is
really hiding behind the funny profile name and picture. Never meet a stranger just
because they got along well in a chat conversation. It could be an adult with bad
intentions.
• Do not add strangers as friends on social media immediately. You should not simply open
emails and other messages and download attachments. In doing so, you could accidentally
downloads a Trojan or other malware.
 NETIQUETTE: SAFETY RULES FOR
CHILDREN

1. Do not exclude anyone

• You should refrain from making insider jokes that not everyone in the group will
understand. Netiquette includes values such as tolerance, respect, and helpfulness.
Only the language used by everyone should be used.
2. Keep it short and clear
• Posts, answers, and even questions should be kept as short and clear as possible.
No one wants to read an unnecessary amount of text that does not contribute to
answering the issue.
• Cumbersome language and repetitions only clog up chats and forum; in addition,
spelling mistakes can make it more difficult to read and understand what is being
said. Forwarding chain letters also has no place in respectful online communication.
 NETIQUETTE: SAFETY RULES FOR
CHILDREN

1. Netiquette and online learning (tips for pupils)

• You should support one another, for example by responding to classmates’
questions on a chat thread.
• Do not digitally record or take screenshots of lessons without first getting the
teacher’s permission.
• Be polite and mind the respectful tone.
• Passwords and credentials must not be passed on to third parties under any
circumstances.
• Always put your microphone on mute during online meeting unless you want to
say something important.
 CYBERCRIMES

Cybercrime is criminal activity that either targets or uses

computer, a computer network or a networked device. Most
cybercrime is committed by cybercriminals or hackers who
want to make money.
 WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CYBERCRIME?

• Email and internet fraud

• Hacking
• Identity fraud (where personal information is stolen and used)
• Theft of financial or card payment data
• Pharming
• Phishing
• Theft and sale of corporate data
• Wi-Fi eavesdropping
 WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CYBERCRIME?

• Cyberextortion (demanding money to prevent a threatened attack)

• Cybersex
• Soliciting, producing, or possessing child pornography
• Cyber defamation
• Ransomware attacks (a type of cyber extortion)
• Crypto jacking (where hackers mine cryptocurrency using resources they do
not own)
• Spam
 WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CYBERCRIME?

• Cyberespionage (where hackers access government or company data)

• Interfering with systems in a way that compromises a network
• Infringing copyright
• Illegal gambling
• Selling illegal items online
• Trojan Horses
• Spyware
• Worms
 WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CYBERCRIME?

• Cybercrime involves one or both of the following:

• Criminal activity targeting computers using viruses and other types of malware.
• Criminal activity using computers to commit other crimes.
• Criminals that target computers may infect them with malware to damage
devices or stop them working. They may also use malware to delete or steal
data. Cybercriminals may stop users from using a website or network or
prevent a business providing a software service to its customers, which is
called a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack.
• Cybercrime that uses computers to commit other crimes may involve using
computers or networks to spread malware, illegal information or illegal images.
 CYBERCRIME PREVENTION AND DATA
PRIVACY ACT

• Republic Act No. 10175 – Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012

• An act defining cybercrime, providing for the prevention, investigation, suppression,
and the imposition of penalties therefor and for other purposes.
• https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/09/12/republic-act-no-10175/
• Republic Act No. 10173 – Data Privacy Act of 2012
• An act protecting individual personal information in information and communications
systems in the government and the private sector, creating for this purpose a national
privacy commission and other purposess.
• https://privacy.gov.ph/data-privacy-act/
 EXAMPLES OF CYBERCRIME

• Malware attacks
• It is where a computer system or network is infected with a computer virus or other
type of malware. A computer compromised by malware could be used for several
purposes. These include stealing confidential data, using the computer to carry out
other criminal acts, or causing damage to data.
• WannaCry ransomware attack, a global cybercrime committed in May 2017. It is a
type of ransomware, malware used to extort money by holding the victim’s data or
device to ransom. The ransomware targeted a vulnerability in computer running
Microsoft Windows. When the WannaCry ransomware attack hit, 230,000 computers
were affected across 150 countries. Users were locked out of their files and sent a
message demanding that they pay a Bitcoin ransom to regain access. (4 billion USD)
 EXAMPLES OF CYBERCRIME

• Phishing
• It is when spam emails, or other forms of communication, are sent with the intention
of tricking recipients into doing something that undermines their security. Phishing
messages may contain infected attachments or links to malicious sites, or they may
ask the receiver to respond with confidential information.
• 2018 Fraud World Cup, the World Cup phishing scam involved emails that were sent
to football fans. These spam emails tried to entice fans with fake free trips to Moscow,
where the World Cup was being hosted. People who opened and clicked on the links
contained in theses emails had their personal data stolen.
• Spear-phishing are targeted phishing campaigns which try to trick specific individuals
into jeopardizing the security of the organization they work for.
 EXAMPLES OF CYBERCRIME

• Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks (DDoS)

• Are a type of cybercrime attack that use to bring down a system or network.
Sometimes connected IoT (Internet of Things) devices are used to launched DDoS
attacks.
• It overwhelms system by using one of the standard communication protocols it uses
to spam the system with connection requests.
• 2017 DDoS attack on the UK National Lottery website. This brought the lottery’s
website and mobile app offline, preventing UK citizens from playing. The reason
behind the attack remains unknown, however, it is suspected that the attack was an
attempt to blackmail the National Lottery.
 IMPACT OF CYBERCRIME

• Generally, cybercrime is on the rise. According to Accenture’s State of

Cybersecurity Resilience 2021 report, security attacks increased from 31%
from 2020 to 2021. The number of attacks per company increased from 206 to
270 year on year. Attacks on companies affect individuals too since many of
them store sensitive data and personal information from customers.
• A single attack – whether it’s a data breach, malware, ransomware or DDoS
attack – costs companies of all sizes an average of 200,000 USD, and many
affected companies go out of business within six months of the attack,
according to insurance company Hiscox.
• Javelin Strategy and Research published and Identity Fraud Study in 2021 which
found that identity fraud losses for the year totaled 56 billion USD.
 HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF AGAINST
CYBERCRIME

• Keep software and operating system updated

• Use anti-virus software and keep it updated
• Use strong passwords
• Never open attachments in spam emails
• Do not click on links in spam emails or untrusted websites
• Do not give out personal information unless secure
• Contact companies directly about suspicious requests
• Be mindful of which website URLs you visit
• Keep an eye on your bank statements