The Routledge Companion to Race and

Ethnicity Routledge Companions 2nd

Edition Stephen M Caliendo Editor
Charlton D Mcilwain Editor
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-routledge-companion-to-race-and-ethnicity-routled
ge-companions-2nd-edition-stephen-m-caliendo-editor-charlton-d-mcilwain-editor/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

The Routledge Companion to Environmental Ethics

Routledge Philosophy Companions 1st Edition Benjamin
Hale (Editor)

https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-routledge-companion-to-
environmental-ethics-routledge-philosophy-companions-1st-edition-
benjamin-hale-editor/

The Routledge Companion to World Literature and World

History Routledge Literature Companions 1st Edition
May Hawas (Editor)

https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-routledge-companion-to-world-
literature-and-world-history-routledge-literature-companions-1st-
edition-may-hawas-editor/

The Routledge Companion to Decolonizing Art History

Routledge Art History and Visual Studies Companions
1st Edition Tatiana Flores

https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-routledge-companion-to-
decolonizing-art-history-routledge-art-history-and-visual-
studies-companions-1st-edition-tatiana-flores/

The Routledge Companion to Surrealism 1st Edition

Kirsten Strom Editor

https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-routledge-companion-to-
surrealism-1st-edition-kirsten-strom-editor/
The Routledge Companion to Literature and Class 1st
Edition Gloria Mcmillan Editor

https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-routledge-companion-to-
literature-and-class-1st-edition-gloria-mcmillan-editor/

The Routledge Companion to Knowledge Management 1st

Edition Jin Chen (Editor)

https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-routledge-companion-to-
knowledge-management-1st-edition-jin-chen-editor/

The Routledge Companion to Drama in Education 1st

Edition Mary Mcavoy (Editor)

https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-routledge-companion-to-drama-
in-education-1st-edition-mary-mcavoy-editor/

The Routledge Companion to Embodied Music Interaction

1st Edition Micheline Lesaffre (Editor)

https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-routledge-companion-to-
embodied-music-interaction-1st-edition-micheline-lesaffre-editor/

The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management 1st

Edition Helmut K. Anheier (Editor)

https://ebookmeta.com/product/the-routledge-companion-to-
nonprofit-management-1st-edition-helmut-k-anheier-editor/
The Routledge Companion to
Race and Ethnicity

The second edition of The Routledge Companion to Race and Ethnicity offers
readers a broad overview of scholarly exploration of the ways that humans have
organized themselves (and have been organized) according to racial and ethnic
divisions. More than 80 scholars from around the world and representing multiple
academic traditions contribute entries to this accessible yet sophisticated volume
that addresses contemporary issues in historical context. The first half of the
book challenges readers to grapple with some of the most controversial aspects
of categorization, prejudice and discrimination through focused chapters ranging
from the notion of Whiteness to the supposed biological rationale for racial
categorization. The second half is comprised of 70 shorter entries on specialized
concepts, persons and groups that are crucial to understanding these issues. Taken
as a whole, this volume provides a broad, multi-disciplinary and global overview
of issues that continue to provide challenges to notions of equality and justice.

Stephen M. Caliendo is Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and Professor of
Political Science at North Central College, where he studies political psychology
and political communication, particularly as it relates to U.S. elections and
race. He is the author of Teachers Matter: The Trouble with Leaving Political
Education to the Coaches (2000) and Inequality in America: Race, Poverty and
Fulfilling Democracy’s Promise (Routledge, third edition forthcoming). He is
also coauthor of Race Appeal: How Candidates Invoke Race in U.S. Political
Campaigns (2011).

Charlton D. McIlwain is Associate Professor of Media, Culture and

Communication at New York University. His current research focuses on the use
of racial appeals in political communication, including the semiotic construction
of racial appeals in language and visual images; the effects of racial appeals on
public opinion and voting behavior; framing and priming effects of race in various
media; and media coverage of minority political candidates. He is the coauthor of
Race Appeal: How Candidates Invoke Race in U.S. Political Campaigns (2011),
as well as When Death Goes Pop: Death, Media and the Remaking of Community
(2004), Death in Black and White: Death, Ritual and Family Ecology (2003), and
Black Software: The Internet and Racial Justice, from the AfroNet to Black Lives
Matter (2020).
“With their second edition of The Routledge Companion to Race and Ethnicity,
Caliendo and McIlwain have provided students in the social sciences and
humanities with added knowledge of the contemporary issues facing a range
of diverse cultural groups. From politics to personalities, the content provides
in-depth conversations about the basics and nuances of race and ethnicity. Most
importantly, the authors give intellectual voice to subjects that are often dominated
by opinion, which provokes reflection of, and rethinking about, one’s personal
views.”
David Wilson, Ph.D., Senior Associate Dean for Arts and Sciences
and Professor of Political Science, University of Delaware, US
The Routledge Companion to
Race and Ethnicity
Second edition

Edited by Stephen M. Caliendo and

Charlton D. McIlwain
Second edition published 2021
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa
business
© 2021 selection and editorial matter, Stephen M. Caliendo and Charlton
D. McIlwain; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Stephen M. Caliendo and Charlton D. McIlwain to be
identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for
their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77
and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
[First edition published by Routledge 2010]
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-0-367-17950-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-17951-9 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-05860-8 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
To the scholars, past and present, from around the world
and in all academic disciplines who lend their talents to the
study of race and ethnicity. We are all in your debt. – SMC

To all those trying to understand and change the world.

– CDM
Contents

List of contributors ix
Acknowledgments xxi

Introduction 1

PART I 7
1 Origins of the concept of race 9
F. CARL WALTON AND STEPHEN M. CALIENDO

2 Ethnicity 18
VIVIAN IBRAHIM

3 Whiteness 25
ROBERT JENSEN

4 Colonialism/postcolonialism 33
WILLIAM MUCK

5 Race, politics, and public policy 42

CHARLTON D. MCILWAIN AND STEPHEN M. CALIENDO

6 Race-based social movements 51

CHARLTON D. MCILWAIN

7 Immigration 60
KATHARINA NATTER

8 Race, gender, and sexuality 68

NINA ASHER
viii Contents
9 Race, media and popular culture 78
STEPHEN M. CALIENDO

10 Race, ethnicity, and globalization 87

S. P. UDAYAKUMAR

PART II
A to Z: key concepts in the study of race and ethnicity 99

Index 274
Contributors

Akhim Alexis is a M.A. literatures in English student in the Department of Liter-

ary, Cultural, and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Educa-
tion at the University of the West Indies (UWI). His research interests include
stylistics, landscape in literature, Caribbean and African American literature,
and political discourse and linguistics.
Amy E. Ansell is Dean of Liberal Arts and Professor of Sociology at Emerson
College. She has written widely on racial politics, color-blind racism, White-
ness, and reparations in the United States, Britain, and South Africa. Her cur-
rent research is on the politics of race and land in contemporary Zimbabwe.
Dr. Janni Aragon is a teaching professor with more than 23 years of teaching
experience. Aragon has been awarded several teaching awards and comes to
her teaching as a form of mentoring. You can find Aragon on Twitter and other
platforms via @janniaragon.
Nina Asher (Ed.D., 1999, Teachers College, Columbia University), is Professor
in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Minnesota-
Twin Cities. She is also an Affiliate Faculty Member in the Department of
Gender, Women and Sexuality Studies and the Interdisciplinary Center for
the Study of Global Change. Nina’s work in the areas of postcolonialism and
feminism, globalization, critical perspectives on multiculturalism, and Asian
American studies in education has appeared in the Educational Researcher,
Teachers College Record, Postcolonial Directions in Education, Interna-
tional Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, and Discourse: Studies
in the Cultural Politics of Education, among other journals. She received a
2014–2015 Fulbright-Nehru Academic and Professional Excellence Award
(Research) for her project, Examining the Intersections of Globalization,
Privatization, and Education after Two Decades of Economic Liberaliza-
tion in India. Nina is Book Review Editor for the International Journal of
Qualitative Studies in Education since 2007 and was the inaugural chair
(2004–2007) of AERA’s Postcolonial Studies and Education Special Interest
Group (SIG).
x Contributors
Heidi Beirich, Ph.D., is the Director of the Southern Poverty Law Center’s Intel-
ligence Project. A specialist on White nationalism and fascism, she coedited
Neo-Confederacy: A Critical Introduction.
Davina Bhandar joined the political science program at the Centre for Social Sci-
ences, Athabasca University in 2018. Prior to Athabasca, Davina taught at Trent
University in the Department of Canadian Studies (2002–2015), where she spe-
cialized in feminist theory, critical race studies, diaspora, contemporary social
and cultural theory, and the politics of immigration, migration, and resettlement.
Galen Bodenhausen is the Lawyer Taylor Professor of Psychology at North-
western University. His research addresses cognitive and affective aspects of
intergroup relations, particularly the role of stereotypes in intergroup judgment
and behavior.
Richard Broome FAHA, FRHSV is Emeritus Professor in History at La Trobe
University, Melbourne, Australia. He is the author of many articles and 13
books, including Aboriginal Australians (1981) now in its 5th fully rewritten
edition (2019), and the award-winning Aboriginal Victorians. A History since
1800 (2005).
Barbara Bush is Emeritus Professor of Imperial History at Sheffield Hallam Uni-
versity UK. She has published widely on culture and resistance in slave and
post-slave societies. More recently, her research has focused on aspects of twen-
tieth century British imperialism, including decolonisation and development.
Beyza Buyuker is a Ph.D. candidate studying political science at the University
of Illinois, Chicago. Her research focuses on the roles of racial and ethnic
prejudice in shaping public opinion about democratic norms and institutions
in the U.S. and Europe.
Guillermo Caballero is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Political Science at
Purdue University focusing on American politics, public policy, and theories
and politics of social group. His project focuses on studying the power strate-
gies of Black women lawmakers in legislative institutions.
Jillian Maynard Caliendo, Psy.D. is a licensed clinical psychologist in private
practice in Chicago, IL.
Stephen M. Caliendo is Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and Profes-
sor of Political Science at North Central College, where he studies political
psychology and political communication, particularly as it relates to U.S. elec-
tions and race. He is the author of Teachers Matter: The Trouble with Leaving
Political Education to the Coaches (Praeger, 2000) and Inequality in America:
Race, Poverty and Fulfilling Democracy’s Promise (Routledge, third edition
forthcoming). He is also coauthor of Race Appeal: How Candidates Invoke
Race in U.S. Political Campaigns (Temple, 2011) and co-editor of Technology
and Civic Engagement in the Classroom: Engaging the Unengaged (Palgrave,
2015). He is a frequent contributor to international, national, state, and local
 Contributors xi
print and broadcast media stories related to race and ethnicity in the context of
U.S. politics and elections.
Giovanna Campani, Ph.D. in Ethnology (University of Nice, France), Professor
of Cultural Anthropology and Intercultural Communication at the University
of Florence, Italy, has extensively worked on migration, racism, and gender. In
the last ten years, she has studied the rise of the far right and the populist shift
in Europe.
Nikita Carney teaches in the Sociology and African & African American Stud-
ies departments at Louisiana State University. Her interdisciplinary research
engages with race and ethnicity, gender, and ethnographic methods.
Valerie Chepp is Assistant Professor of Sociology and Director of the Social
Justice Program at Hamline University. Her academic interests include inter-
sectionality, inequality, art, and social change. She has published on Black
feminist theory and women rappers. Her current work focuses on young adults
and spoken word activism.
Sapna Cheryan is an associate professor of psychology at the University of
Washington. Her research interests include identity, culture, stereotypes, and
prejudice.
Chi-yue Chiu is Professor of Psychology and Dean of Social Science at the Chi-
nese University of Hong Kong. His research focuses on the psychology of
culture and globalization.
Jung Min Choi is Associate Professor of Sociology at San Diego State Univer-
sity. He holds a doctorate from York University and is the coauthor of sev-
eral books, including The Politics of Culture: Race, Violence and Democracy
(1995), Globalization with a Human Face (2004), and Narrative Medicine and
Community-based Health Care and Planning (2017).
Louis Chude-Sokei is Professor of English, George and Joyce Wein Chair in
African American Studies, and Director of the African American Studies
Program at Boston University. His work includes, The Last “Darky”: Bert
Williams, Black on Black Minstrelsy and the African Diaspora (Duke Univer-
sity Press, 2005), which was the finalist for the 2006 Hurston/Wright Legacy
Award, and The Sound of Culture: Diaspora and Black Technopoetics (Wes-
leyan University Press 2015). His Dr. Satan’s Echo Chamber and Other Essays
is also forthcoming from Wesleyan University Press.
Dr. Arica L. Coleman is an award-winning American historian whose research
focuses on comparative ethnic studies and issues of racial formation and iden-
tity. She has lent her expertise to numerous national venues including Time
Magazine, USA Today, the Washinton Post, Vox, and NPR. She is the author
of the book That the Blood Stay Pure: African Americans, Native Americans
and the Predicament of Race and Identity in Virginia, a Choice Outstanding
Academic Title for 2014.
xii Contributors
Michael Collyer is Professor of Geography. He was previously a lecturer, senior
lecturer, and reader at the University of Sussex. During the 2012/13 academic
year he held a Fulbright scholarship in the Department of Geography at the
University of Washington, Seattle. He has held other visiting positions at Uni-
versities in Egypt, France, Morocco, New Zealand and Sri Lanka. Before his
appointment as lecturer at Sussex, he held a three-year Marie Curie Outgo-
ing International Fellowship, based at the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
He was previously a Nuffield Foundation New Career Development Fellow at
Abdelmalek Essaadi University in Tétouan, Morocco. He completed his Ph.D.,
on the dynamics of the Euro-Algerian migration system, in 2002.
Hilary Cunningham is Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of
Toronto, where she teaches courses on animals, posthumanism, and multispe-
cies ethnography. Her research has focused on boundary-making and what
she terms “gated ecologies,” including biotechnology and genetic enclosures.
She is also a Canadian novelist who publishes Ecogothic fiction and is writing
a series of (mysteriously) waterly stories, each unfolding on one of the five
Great Lakes.
Juan E. De Castro is an associate professor in literary studies at Eugene Lang
College of Liberal Arts, The New School.
George J. Sefa Dei is Professor of Social Justice Education and Director Centre
for Integrative Anti-Racism Studies, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education
of the University of Toronto (OISE/UT). His teaching and research interests
are in the areas of anti-racism, minority schooling, indigeneity, international
development, Fanonian studies and anti-Colonial thought.
Stephanie L. DeMora is a Ph.D. student of political science at University of
California, Riverside. She also holds an M.A. in political science from the
University of Arkansas.
Rutledge M. Dennis is Professor of Sociology and Anthropology at George
Mason University. He is the author, coauthor, editor and coeditor of 12 books
and the recipient of the Joseph S. Himes Lifetime Achievement Award (given
by the Association of Black Sociologists) and the Du Bois-Johnson-Frazier
Award (given by the American Sociological Association).
Dr. Roberta Robin Dods, Associate Professor Emerita, Anthropology, Emeritus
College (Vancouver), and Community, Culture, and Global Studies Depart-
ment (Okanagan), The University of British Columbia, Canada. Environmental
anthropologist/archaeologist focused on boreal forest and deciduous ecotones
(mostly Algonquian geographical territories), traditional forest management,
cultural landscape constructs, and subsistence/economics systems. Colonial
issues: Disruptions associated with the European fur trade and the Hudson Bay
Company. Currently living and working with gratitude in the traditional terri-
tory of the Syilx people.
 Contributors xiii
John F. Dovidio is Carl Iver Hovland Professor of Psychology and Public Health
at Yale University. His research interests are in prejudice, stereotyping, and
discrimination; intergroup relations; health and healthcare disparities; and
altruism and helping. Much of his work has focused on “aversive racism,” a
subtle form of contemporary racism, and ways to reduce it.
Davia Cox Downey is Associate Professor of Public Administration at Grand
Valley State University. She studies issues of race and ethnicity as they relate
to the development of policy at the state and local level.
John Duckitt is an emeritus professor at The University of Auckland, New Zea-
land. His research interests are the study of prejudice and intergroup relations,
ideological attitudes, and group identification.
Meenakshi Gigi Durham is Collegiate Scholar and Associate Dean of the College
of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Iowa. Her research centers on
feminist and critical approaches to media culture. She is the coeditor, with Doug-
las M. Kellner, of Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks (Blackwell, 2006) and
the author of The Lolita Effect (Overlook, 2008) and Technosex (2016).
David G. Embrick is Associate Professor of Sociology and Africana Studies at
the University of Connecticut. His areas of research include U.S. race and eth-
nic relations and racial and gender diversity in the workplace.
Edwin Eschler is a Ph.D. student in sociology at Baylor University. He wrote
his thesis on the social determinants of having miraculous experiences and is
currently working on his dissertation, which uses the lens of social media to
examine issues of race, religion, and political violence.
Louwanda Evans is an associate professor and Chair of the Department of Soci-
ology & Anthropology at Millsaps College. Her research interests are race and
ethnic relations and emotional labor.
Alexandra Filindra is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of
Illinois, Chicago. She specializes in American immigration policy, racial prejudice
and its effects on policy preferences, public opinion, and political psychology. Dr.
Filindra received her Ph.D. from Rutgers University and served as a postdoctoral
researcher at Brown University’s Taubman Center for Public Policy and American
Institutions and the Center for the Study of Human Development. Her work has
appeared in Political Behavior, Policy Studies Journal, State Politics and Policy
Quarterly, Social Science Quarterly, Urban Affairs Review, Harvard Education
Review, Migration Studies, International Migration, and other scholarly journals.
Her research has been supported by grants from the University of Illinois at Chi-
cago, the Pew Center for the States, the Russell Sage Foundation, the Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation, and the Rhode Island Foundation. She is the recipient
of three best paper awards from the American Political Science Association and
the Lucius Barker Award from the Midwest Political Science Association.
xiv Contributors
Nancy Gallagher is Professor Emerita of History at the University of Califor-
nia, Santa Barbara. She is past-president of the Association for Middle East
Women’s Studies. She currently serves on the executive board of California
Scholars for Academic Freedom and on the UCSB Scholars at Risk committee.
She is the author of Quakers in the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict: The Dilemmas
of NGO Humanitarian Activism (American University in Cairo Press, 2007).
Shamira Gelbman is an associate professor of political science at Wabash Col-
lege. Her research interests include coalition building among interest groups
and social movement organizations. She is writing a book about the develop-
ment of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights and its role in the Second
Reconstruction.
Nigel C. Gibson teaches at Emerson College, Boston, USA and is Honorary Pro-
fessor in the Humanities Unit at the University currently known as Rhodes,
South Africa. His latest book is Frantz Fanon, Psychiatry and Politics coau-
thored with Roberto Beneduce.
Peter Gottschalk is Professor of Religion at Wesleyan University. Along with
works investigating religious identity in British and independent India such as
Religion, Science, and Empire (Oxford University Press, 2012) and Beyond
Hindu and Muslim (Oxford University Press, 2000), he is coauthor, with
Gabriel Greenberg, of Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim Sentiment: Picturing the
Enemy, 2nd edition (Rowman & Littlefield, 2018).
Jorge J. E. Gracia is State University of New York Distinguished Professor and
holds the Samuel P. Capen Chair in the Department of Philosophy and the
Department of Comparative Literature at the University at Buffalo. He works
on issues of race, ethnicity, and nationality, with particular emphasis on Latinx/
Hispanics.
Gabriel Greenberg serves as the rabbi of a synagogue in New Orleans, where he
lives with his family. He is the coauthor, with Peter Gottschalk, of Islamopho-
bia and Anti-Muslim Sentiment: Picturing the Enemy, 2nd edition (Rowman &
Littlefield, 2018).
Stacey Greene is an assistant professor of political science at Rutgers University,
New Brunswick. She studies political behavior between minority groups in the
United States and is currently working on a book that examines when racial
minorities engage in conflict or coalition with each other.
Thomas D. Hall is Professor Emeritus in Sociology and Anthropology at
DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana. His key interests are long-term
social change, frontiers, and indigenous peoples. His most recent book is
Indigenous Peoples and Globalization: Resistance and Revitalization coau-
thored with James V. Fenelon (Paradigm Press 2009).
Stephanie L. Hartzell is an assistant professor of communication studies
at California State University, Long Beach. Stephanie’s research sits at the
 Contributors xv
intersection of rhetoric and critical race/Whiteness studies and focuses on the
rhetorics of racism and anti-racism.
Reza Hasmath (Ph.D., Cambridge) is a professor in political science at the Uni-
versity of Alberta. His research looks at the integration and life course experi-
ences (e.g., from education to the labor market) of ethnic minorities in the
North American, Australian, and Chinese contexts.
John C. Hawley is Professor of English at Santa Clara University, author of Ami-
tav Ghosh: An Introduction, editor of 15 books, including the Encyclopedia
of Postcolonial Studies and Postcolonial and Queer, and guest editor of five
journals. He is associate editor of the South Asian Review and former president
of the South Asian Literary Association.
Maureen Heffern Ponicki is a doctoral candidate at the University of Illinois
at Chicago focusing on comparative politics and urban politics and an Assis-
tant Professor of Political Science at the College of DuPage. Her research is
focused on urban governance, political economy of cities, deindustrializing
cities, globalization, and inclusive development.
George E. Higgins is a professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the
University of Louisville. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from Indiana
University of Pennsylvania in 2001. His most recent publications appear or are
forthcoming in Journal of Criminal Justice, Deviant Behavior, Criminal Justice
and Behavior, Youth and Society, and American Journal of Criminal Justice.
Brianna Howell is currently a Ph.D. candidate in political science at the Univer-
sity of Pittsburgh where she studies comparative political economy and Euro-
pean politics.
Vivian Ibrahim is Associate Professor of History and Middle Eastern Studies at
the Croft Institute for International Studies at the University of Mississippi.
She is author of The Copts of Egypt: Between Modernisation and Identity (IB
Tauris, 2011), editor of Political Leadership, Nations and Charisma (Rout-
ledge, 2013), and coauthor of Muslims in Ireland: Past and Present (Edin-
burgh University Press, 2014). Ibrahim’s current book project is called Détente
Shows: Tutankhamun and the Global Cold War (expected 2021).
Robert Jensen is Emeritus Professor in the School of Journalism at the University
of Texas at Austin and a founding board member of the Third Coast Activist
Resource Center. He collaborates with the Ecosphere Studies program at The
Land Institute in Salina, KS. Jensen is the author of The End of Patriarchy: Rad-
ical Feminism for Men (Spinifex Press, 2017). His other books include Plain
Radical: Living, Loving, and Learning to Leave the Planet Gracefully (2015);
Arguing for Our Lives: A User’s Guide to Constructive Dialogue (2013); All
My Bones Shake: Seeking a Progressive Path to the Prophetic Voice (2009);
Getting Off: Pornography and the End of Masculinity (2007); The Heart of
Whiteness: Confronting Race, Racism and White Privilege (2005); Citizens of
the Empire (2004); and Writing Dissent (2002).
xvi Contributors
Melina Juárez Pérez is an instructor in political science and women, gender, and
sexuality studies at Western Washington University. Her research focuses on
the intersections of class, gender, race, and sexuality and their role in shaping
the lived experiences, health, and happiness of Latinx and queer people of
color.
Dr Alana Lentin is Associate Professor in Cultural and Social Analysis at West-
ern Sydney University. She works on the critical theorization of race, racism,
and anti-racism. She is coeditor of the Rowman and Littlefield International
book series, Challenging Migration Studies and the President of the Austral-
ian Critical Race & Whiteness Studies Association (2017–19). Recent books
include The Crises of Multiculturalism in Europe (with Gavan Titley, 2011),
Racism and Sociology (with Wulf D. Hund, 2014), and the forthcoming Why
Race Still Matters. www.alanalentin.net.
Zhi Liu is an assistant professor of management at Peking University. She studies
the psychological benefits of multiculturalism.
Kelsey Lizotte is a Ph.D. candidate in the Division of Global Affairs at Rutgers
University, where she is also a lecturer in the writing program and Graduate
Associate with the Center for the Study of Genocide and Human Rights. Her
research interests include Black reparations, conflict transformation, critical
theory, and the philosophy of human rights.
Vincent Lloyd is Associate Professor of Theology and Religious Studies at Vil-
lanova University, where he also directs the Africana Studies Program. He
studies philosophy of religion, religious ethics, and race.
Sean Long is a graduate student in political science at the University of Califor-
nia, Riverside. His primary interests revolve around social identity, political
extremism, and the media, as well as quantitative methods and text analysis.
He also holds an M.A. in American government from Georgetown University
and a B.A. in philosophy from Reed College.
Mikhail Lyubansky, Ph.D., teaches psychology of race and ethnicity and courses
on restorative justice in the Department of Psychology at the University of Illi-
nois, Urbana-Champaign. In addition to a variety of academic journal articles
and book chapters, he has coauthored a book on immigration and is a regular
contributor to anthologies about popular culture (e.g., Harry Potter). His Psy-
chology Today blog, Between the Lines, focuses on racial issues in politics
and media.
Sheng-mei Ma is Professor of English at Michigan State University in Michigan,
USA, specializing in Asian Diaspora and East-West comparative studies. He
is the author of nine books: Off-White (2019); Sinophone-Anglophone Cul-
tural Duet (2017); The Last Isle (2015); Alienglish (2014); Asian Diaspora and
East-West Modernity (2012); Diaspora Literature and Visual Culture (2011);
East-West Montage (2007); The Deathly Embrace (2000); and Immigrant
 Contributors xvii
Subjectivities in Asian American and Asian Diaspora Literatures (1998). He
is also the coeditor of four books, including Transnational Narratives in Eng-
lishes of Exile (2018), and the author of a collection of poetry in Chinese.
Charlton D. McIlwain is Associate Professor of Media, Culture and Commu-
nication at New York University. His current research focuses on the use of
racial appeals in political communication, including the semiotic construction
of racial appeals in language and visual images; the effects of racial appeals
on public opinion and voting behavior; framing and priming effects of race in
various media; and media coverage of minority political candidates. He is the
coauthor of Race Appeal: How Candidates Invoke Race in U.S. Political Cam-
paigns (Temple, 2011), as well as When Death Goes Pop: Death, Media and
the Remaking of Community (Peter Lang, 2004), Death in Black and White:
Death, Ritual and Family Ecology (Hampton, 2003), and Black Software: The
Internet and Racial Justice, from the AfroNet to Black Lives Matter (Oxford,
2020). He is a frequent analyst for international, national, state, and local print
and broadcast media.
Christine Minhee is a Soros Justice Fellow with the Open Society Foundations,
where she studies the intersection of drugs, law, public policy, and race. She
received her B.A. from Stanford University, and J.D. from the University of
Washington School of Law. She coauthored “The Cure for America’s Opioid
Crisis? End the War on Drugs” with Steve P. Calandrillo, published in the Har-
vard Journal of Law & Public Policy (2019).
William Muck is Professor of Political Science at North Central College. His
research interests are in the fields of international peace and security, foreign
policy, and the practice of overt and covert military interventionism by the
United States. His most current work explores the causal roots of religious
conflict and the process of religious identity formation. He recently published
a paper in Politics and Religion (Autumn 2009) titled “The Secular Roots of
Religious Rage: Shaping Religious Identity in the Middle East” which exam-
ines the role U.S. foreign policy plays in shaping conceptions of religious iden-
tity in the Middle East.
Dr. Carol C. Mukhopadhyay, Professor Emerita, Anthropology, San Jose State
University, California, researches, consults, and publishes on issues of cultural
diversity and education related to race and gender in the United States and
India. She was a Key Advisor for the American Anthropological Associations
public education project, RACE: Are We So Different?
John W. Murphy is Professor of Sociology at the University of Miami, where he
researches social theory/philosophy, cultural studies, and race and ethnic stud-
ies. He is the author or coauthor of numerous books, including The Politics and
Philosophy of Political Correctness (1992), Community-based Interventions:
Philosophy and Action (2014) and Narrative Medicine and Community-based
Health Care and Planning (2017).
xviii Contributors
Joane Nagel is University Distinguished Professor of Sociology at the University
of Kansas. She is author of Race, Ethnicity, and Sexuality: Intimate Intersec-
tions, Forbidden Frontiers (Oxford University Press 2003) and Gender and
Climate Change: Impacts, Science, Policy (Routledge 2016).
Katharina Natter is Assistant Professor at the Leiden University Institute of
Political Science. After completing her studies at SciencesPo Paris, she worked
at the International Migration Institute of the University of Oxford and then
conducted her Ph.D. research at the Department of Sociology of the Univer-
sity of Amsterdam. Her research focuses on the politics of migration in North
Africa and Europe and seeks to connect migration policy theory with broader
social science research on states and political transformations.
Anthony Oberschall is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill. He earned a B.A. degree at Harvard and a Ph.D. at
Columbia. He has published extensively on conflict and conflict management,
social movements, and social change. His latest book is Conflict and Peace
Building in Divided Societies: Responses to Ethnic Violence (2007).
Christopher Olds is an assistant professor of political science, public policy, and
public administration in the Department of Political Science at Fort Hays State
University. He earned B.A. degrees in political science (with Honors) and his-
tory at UC San Diego. Olds completed his doctoral studies in political science
at Texas A&M University.
Maricruz Ariana Osorio is a graduate student at the University of California,
Riverside. She is proud to be in the company of McNair Fellows, Eugene Cota-
Robles Fellows, and APSA MFP Fellows. She has published on the topics of
race and Latinx politics. Her current research projects focus on immigration,
refugees, political psychology, and gender.
Sherrow O. Pinder is Professor of Political Science and Multicultural and Gen-
der Studies at California State University, Chico. She is the author of many
books. Her most recent book is Black Women, Work, and Welfare in the Age of
Globalization, 2018.
Mark Potok is the former director of the Southern Poverty Law Center’s Intel-
ligence Project. For more than 20 years, Potok edited the Southern Poverty
Law Center’s award-winning investigative quarterly, Intelligence Report, the
country’s only magazine devoted entirely to monitoring the radical right.
Gregory R. Ruthig is an associate professor of biology at North Central College
where he teaches classes in evolution, ecology, animal biology, epidemiology,
and infectious disease. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Virginia. His
research interests include the ecology of infectious disease, herpetology, tropi-
cal ecology, and sea turtle breeding behavior.
Eduardo Salinas is currently a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Illinois, Chi-
cago, as well as a Research Methodologist at The National Opinion Research
 Contributors xix
Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago. His research focuses on the
issues of race, racism, Latino assimilation/immigration in the U.S.
Carlene Sipma-Dysico is an assistant professor of sociology at Lewis University.
Her research interests include first generation college students, race, poverty
and place, reentry of the formerly incarcerated, activism and cultural survival
of indigenous peoples, and the labor migration experiences and familial out-
comes of the Maya of Guatemala.
Cigdem V. Sirin is associate professor of political science at the University of
Texas, El Paso. Her areas of interest include ethnic conflict, political psychol-
ogy, military interventions, and foreign policy decision-making.
Asia Smith is an undergraduate student at Kalamazoo College. She is majoring in
Anthropology and Sociology with a 2021 expected graduation date.
Dr Steve Spencer is a lecturer in sociology at the University of Sheffield. His
research interests include the sociology of race and ethnicity, media, culture
and identity and use of visual methods. Publications include: (2014) Race and
Ethnicity: Culture, Identity and Representation 2nd Edition, Routledge (2012)
Looking for Africville: Complementary Visual Constructions of a Contended
Space, In Ross Coomber, Gayle Letherby Sociological Research Online. Spe-
cial visual methods edition. Feb 2012. www.socresonline.org.uk/17/1/6.html
Gregory D. Squires is Professor of Sociology and Public Policy and Public
Administration at George Washington University. His research focuses on
racial segregation, concentrated poverty, and the role of public policy in shap-
ing the uneven development of metropolitan areas.
Shyam K. Sriram is a visiting assistant professor in the Department of Political
Science at Butler University. He received his Ph.D. in 2018 from the Univer-
sity of California at Santa Barbara and wrote his dissertation on “The Politics
of Refugee Resettlement.” He researches immigration, Asian American poli-
tics, public opinion, and Islamophobia.
Mine Tafolar is a Ph.D. candidate at the Political Science Department at the Uni-
versity of Illinois at Chicago. She is the recipient of a number of Departmental
fellowships and awards including Doris Graber Fellowship and Milton Rakove
Memorial Awards for Best Research and a Dissertation Proposal Development
Grant from Northwestern University. She is currently working on her disserta-
tion which is on political campaign promises in the US and Turkey.
Darryl C. Thomas is an associate professor of African American studies. Dr.
Thomas received his B.A. in African American History and U.S. History from
Florida A & M University and his M.A. and Ph.D. from the Department of
Political Science at the University of Michigan. He has published widely on
the international politics of the Third World, African/Africana studies, globali-
zation, global Africa/African diaspora and the USA/China contestation over
Africa and the Global South, Africa/Asia relations in the 21st Century. He is a
xx Contributors
member of the Chinese in Africa/Africans in China Research Network, and the
Black Curriculum Development Project. Dr. Thomas is currently completing a
text that is entitled: Global Africa, Black Internationalism and the Challenges
to Neoliberalism in the 21st Century and African Americans and the Shifting
Boundaries of Freedom in the 21st Century.
S. P. Udayakumar is an antinuclear and political activist in India. He has written
widely on issues involving globalization, race, and ethnicity, including Pre-
senting the Past: Anxious History and Ancient Future in Hindutva India (Prae-
ger, 2005) and Handcuffed to History: Narratives, Pathologies and Violence in
South Asia (Praeger, 2001). The author is indebted to Professor john a. powell,
Director of the Kirwan Institute, for all his help and guidance in preparing this
chapter.
Francisco Villegas is Assistant Professor of Sociology in the Department of
Anthropology and Sociology at Kalamazoo College. He received his Ph.D.
from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto.
His work focuses on the ways boundaries of belonging are defined, maintained,
and navigated, while centering the effects on undocumented migrants.
F. Carl Walton is Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs at Southern University and
A&M College in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He holds the M.A. and Ph.D. in
Political Science from Purdue University and a B.A. in Political Science from
Morris Brown College. He was an American Political Science Association
Congressional Fellow, a participant in the American Association of State Col-
leges and Universities Millennial Leadership Institute and a Higher Education
Leadership Foundation Fellow. His research interests are in legislative politics,
Black political organizations and higher education policy.
David L. Weiden (Sicangu Lakota) is Associate Professor of Political Science
and Native American Studies at Metropolitan State University of Denver. His
academic scholarship involves Native American issues, law, and political sci-
ence, and he’s the author of the novel, Winter Counts (Ecco/HarperCollins).
Visit www.DavidWeiden.com for additional information.
Joseph Yi is associate professor of political science at Hanyang University
(Seoul). He studies the development of individual liberty in various settings,
from mature democracies (e.g., USA) to young democracies (South Korea)
to closed autocracies (North Korea); and communication/cooperation across
social groups and countries.
Acknowledgments

As anyone who has been in our shoes knows, putting together a volume of this
scope is no easy task. While our names are on the front of the book, there are
scores of people who deserve credit for making this come together. First and fore-
most, of course, are the contributors. They come from around the globe and from
very diverse academic traditions and trainings, and they are in various stages of
their professional development. While some are finishing doctoral degrees, others
are established academics, and some of those are among the most well-respected
scholars in their fields. For all, it is an arduous undertaking to offer a concise
response to such involved topics. This is, indeed, a service to the audience, and
we are extremely grateful for all of their participation.
We had a series of administrative assistants who contributed to this effort as
well. For the first edition, Shannon Lausch helped to compile a list of potential
contributors some two years before the volume was to go to print, and Rebecca
Mortland Valero and Julie Saflarski helped with early edits. Many of those con-
tributors have entries in this edition, as well. Sidra Hamidi corresponded with
scholars from around the globe with professionalism and efficiency for the first
edition, all while working on an undergraduate degree and holding down a part-
time job. (She is now Dr. Sidra Hamidi, Assistant Professor of Political Science
at Stetson University.) Early work on the second edition was made possible by
Stella Go Fanega, and the finishing touches were greatly enhanced by the careful
eye of Christine Drover. We are grateful to both of them for their time and dedica-
tion to the project. The editorial staff at Routledge, particularly Diana Ciobotea,
Luke Allen, and Ramachandran Vijayaragavan, were tremendously supportive
and helpful throughout the process. We appreciate their interest in the project
and their patience with us throughout. A number of reviewers were also helpful
in their criticisms of and suggestions for multiple early drafts. We have included
many of their suggestions, and the result is a stronger book. Any remaining weak-
nesses are ours.
Finally, we want to express our deep appreciation to our families for their
patience and support as we worked to get this all put together. Our spouses and
children were denied our attention at various points throughout this process; their
love and encouragement are invaluable to us.
Introduction

In the decade since the first edition of this volume was published, much has
changed and much has remained the same. We began the introduction to that edi-
tion with this sentence: “Perhaps no two concepts are as central to modern human
life and civilization as race and ethnicity” (xxii). We build this new edition on
that enduring, fundamental point. While systemic racism and pervasive bigotry
were relevant elements of global sociopolitical realities in 2010, this volume cata-
logs significant increases in vocalized xenophobia and race- and ethnicity-based
hostilities over the past ten years. Europe saw a resurgence in far-right political
parties and candidates, and the United States has experienced renewed energy in
White supremacist organizations and a spike in anti-immigrant sentiment, particu-
larly since 2015.
We begin our exploration with the notion of identity and sociopolitical con-
text. For many people across the globe, race and ethnicity, in addition to gender
and sexual orientation, help to define our individual and collective identities, our
social worlds, our personal dreams, and our shared visions. Race and ethnicity
function as code, reminding us and telling others who “I” am, who “we” are,
what we do, how we live, and what we value, not to mention what we look like.
Race and ­ethnicity – as well as the interrelationship with and intersectionality of
­gender, class, and sexual orientation – uniquely (though not clearly) position us
and provide a perspective from which to see and interpret the world and others in
it. Race and ethnicity influence the range, scope, and boundaries of that perspec-
tive. Beyond personal and collective identities, race and ethnicity provide key
foundations for organizing our societies – our tribes, neighborhoods, villages,
cities, and nations.
Despite being central to individual and collective identity and formations of
larger organized groupings such as nation-states, the terms “race” and “ethnicity”
are fraught with misunderstanding. As detailed in the first two chapters of this
book, people often disagree and variably rely on the existence of racial categories
and the salience of ethnic groupings across the globe. The original biological and
genetic basis for the concept of race has been thoroughly debunked by scientists
the world over. The scientific community, armed today with the tools to analyze
the depths and breadth of the human genome, point out that despite differences
in body type, bone structure, cranial size, hair texture, skin pigmentation or any
2 Introduction
other human variation, human beings are more genetically similar than they are
different. Irrespective of the fact that race is not a biologically valid construct,
however, few would reject the notion that race is very real in terms of individu-
als’ lived experiences. This is especially so given the fact that since its inception,
biological notions of race have largely functioned as an accepted truth about the
nature of human difference.
Further, “race” and “ethnicity” are not often clearly delineated constructs. For
example, many social justice activists and scholars were surprised to learn that
“Latino” was listed as an ethnicity rather than a race on the 2010 United States
census, despite the fact that most Americans consider Latinos to be a racial group
parallel to African Americans. Since “race” is not “real” in the sense that it is not
a valid biological classification, the construction of race and ethnicity is inher-
ently blurry. In this book, the scholars who weigh in on the most salient elements
of contemporary considerations of race and ethnicity do so with full awareness of
this dilemma, centering their observations on the most relevant scholarship in the
various fields and generally considering “race” to be a social construction rooted
in physical differences, among the most prominent of which is skin color/tone,
and ethnicity to be centered largely on geographical origin of one’s ancestors and/
or shared cultural elements.
But race and ethnicity, as an experience, are more salient for some than others.
Whether related to colonialism (Chapter 4), contemporary public policy (Chap-
ter 5), or the myriad aspects of immigration (Chapter 7), citizens are counted and
labeled in a way that renders members of some racial and ethnic groups more
dominant than others. As Robert Jensen explains in Chapter 3, Whites are in privi-
leged positions in most sociopolitical contexts – so much so that their race and/
or ethnicity is often perceived to be nonexistent. In this way, “race” is “seen” by
those who possess the dominant racial characteristic wholly in terms of “other-
ness.” As such, resistance to racial and ethnic preferences is often manifested in
nonwhite groups engaging in social movements designed to dismantle systems of
oppression (Chapter 6).
The pride and prejudices that accompany individual and collective racial and
ethnic identities, the annexation of racial and ethnic group designations with
matters of state and nation, international struggles for self-determination, and
power struggles for equal access to resources and equal opportunity for socio-
economic mobility all complicate the contemporary terrain of race and ethnic-
ity in a way that has and continues to manifest in racial and ethnic tension and
conflict throughout the world. While ethnic conflict in national and regional
civil wars accounts for some of this conflict, much of the widespread friction
across the globe related to race and ethnicity comes in the form of national ten-
sions resulting from the contemporary reality of globalization (Chapter 10). In
an environment where national borders are more fluid and porous, the expor-
tation and importation of everything from new technologies to global media
products to the values embodied in these material objects (originating primarily
among “developed” Western nations to the “developing” or “underdeveloped”
world) threaten traditional ethnic, racial, and national identities. Proponents of
 Introduction 3
Western-dominated globalizing patterns argue that it contributes to world pro-
gress, while critics point out that it does nothing more than reduce the world’s
rich diversity to a set of singular cultural values destined to leave the West more
economically dominant and the rest of the globe more dependent on them for
resources.
But large-scale violent conflict is only one way that racial and ethnic tensions
play out in today’s world. The more routine, mundane, less visible, everyday
struggles come in the form of contesting state controlled public policy, countering
stereotypical representations that circulate in mass media and other forms of pop-
ular culture (Chapter 9) and trying to draw increased recognition to the ways that
issues of gender and sexuality contribute to the character and power dimensions
of racial and ethnic politics across the globe (Chapter 8). The degree to which
race, especially, is an important dimension of public policy concerns of citizens
and state representatives depends much on the degree or level of race conscious-
ness expressed within certain national boundaries. As we point out in Chapter 5,
significant elements of policy debate in countries such as Britain and the United
States either specifically relate to racial issues or make racial designations a sig-
nificant factor in policy deliberations. In Chapter 7, Katharina Natter discusses
global shifts in migration patterns and the policies nations have implemented to
shape immigration. The complexities inherent in cultural interactions, notions of
identity, and the politicization of what many believe to be a fundamental human
right to move about freely have led to increased tensions in many parts of the
world in the past decade.
With greater channels for distribution, more accessible media technologies, and
increased global demand for popular music, television, film, and art, transnational
popular culture flourishes in many places across the globe. The breadth of their
circulation on the one hand has the effect of solidifying certain race-related norms,
such as perpetuating the notion that light and White is “right” when it comes to
dominating standards of beauty. On the other hand, it allows groups to produce
and circulate artistic creations that lend themselves to a more positive valuation
of one’s racial group (such as global hip-hop) or extend the reach of non-Western
media products. The Japanese-originating style of animation known as anime –
whose popularity spread from East and Southeast Asia, and eventually throughout
the Western world – is but one prominent example.
It is crucial to remember, however, that race and ethnicity are but two related
elements that have been used to divide and oppress individuals based on group
identification. As Nina Asher illustrates in Chapter 8, gender and sexuality inter-
sect with race and ethnicity in sometimes unpredictable ways to provide addi-
tional factors by which persons can be labeled and controlled. Increased reliance
on technology in conjunction with economic and cultural globalization add weight
to this tendency, as religious practices and interpretations, ideological beliefs, and
other cultural traditions come under increased scrutiny and face increased pres-
sure as a result of the sharing of ideas and stories – not just by published authors,
scholars, and public figures, but by ordinary citizens through websites, “blogs,”
podcasts, and social media.
4 Introduction
The book
Consistent with the aims of this series, the Companion to Race and Ethnicity
is designed to be a one-stop shop of sorts for information about and discussion
of the foundational and most relevant concepts and scholarship about the con-
temporary, broad, and ever-changing terrain of race and ethnicity. The book is
organized into two primary sections. The first section contains a series of longer
chapters designed to introduce readers to some of the most fundamental concepts
and issues related to race and ethnicity, both historically and in our contemporary
world. These chapters – outlined in this introduction – focus on the following
topics: the origins of the concept of race and ethnicity, the idea of “Whiteness,”
the relationship of race and ethnicity to social movements and the establishment
of public policy, and the ways that race and ethnicity affect broader sociopolitical
realities such as immigration, gender and sexuality, popular culture, globalization,
and postcolonialism. The contributors to this section provide an overview of the
topics they consider and offer a firm foundation to further explore these issues in
greater depth throughout their academic life. To be clear: this book is not designed
to be an exhaustive, authoritative treatment of the topic. Rather, this is an excel-
lent starting point to understand the complexity of these issues. To that end, each
author provides a set of “key readings” so that readers can “jump off” to pursue
more advanced study.
Accordingly, the second section of the book provides A-to-Z coverage of the
terms, concepts, and figures that any student of race and ethnicity should know.
From “#BlackLivesMatter” to “xenophobia,” the essays in this section – some
longer than others – will help students become conversant in the language and
scholarship related to race and ethnicity studies. The writings in both sections
share several characteristics. The authors span a wide array of disciplines, includ-
ing sociology, political science, media and communication, racial and ethnic stud-
ies, psychology, international relations, geography, history, anthropology, and
others. Additionally, the contributors bring an international perspective to the
study of the issues of race and ethnicity covered in this book. They represent
institutions in (and are writing from) North and South America, Europe, Asia,
Australia and New Zealand, and Africa. The interdisciplinary and international
background of these authors provides a wide range of perspective from which
to view and discuss issues that have and continue to be relevant for individuals,
groups, and nations across the globe. Readers will note the overlap in many of the
pieces. This is quite intentional, as we wish to highlight the degree to which many
of these concepts and terms are interrelated.
New to the second edition are terms that have increased in importance over
the past decade: alt-right, #BlackLivesMatter, Brexit, Far Right (Europe), First
Nation People, War on Drugs, and White Nationalism. Still, as was the case with
the original edition, astute readers will surely be able to identify concepts that do
not receive treatment in Part II as a result of our space constraints (and desire to
keep the price of the book accessible). The intention, of course, is that these pieces
serve as jumping-off points for interested readers, as they each also feature a short
list of “key readings.”
 Introduction 5
As a final note, we want to point out that the contributors to this volume were
all asked to do something that is very difficult for them: write in a thoughtful
way without including formal citations. Volumes in the Companions series are
designed to be written in a fluid, accessible style, so we asked the authors to write
as they would give a lecture or other presentation, noting important landmark
works in the text while providing a list of suggested readings at the end of their
piece. We hope that you find this style to be digestible and useful.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
But make such expiation as you can—prove at least that there is some truth
in your words."

"Oh, Sibyl, I would willingly die if I could redeem my fault."

"Your death would not redeem it. What is your paltry life to me?
Neither do I require it—the sacrifice I would have you make is easier. Give
him up!"

"Oh! anything but that! Sibyl, that is worse than death!" said the
stricken child-bride, in a fainting voice.

"Did you not say you would atone? Prove it now—give him up—it is
my right, and I demand it. Promise."

"Oh, I cannot!—I cannot!" moaned Christie, shrinking down, as though

she would never rise again.

"And this is your repentance—this, your atonement for what you have
done?" said Sibyl, stepping back, and regarding her with superb scorn.
"This, then, is the end of all your fine promises. Girl, I tell you, you dare
not; it is at your peril you see him more. My claim is above yours. I warn, I
insist, I demand you to give him up. It is my right, and you shall do it. What
are you, little reptile, that you should stand in the path of Sibyl Campbell?"

"I am his wife!" arose to the lips of Christie. That little sentence she
well knew would have silenced Sibyl's claim forever, but she remembered
her promise in time, and was silent.

"Rise, girl, don't cower there at my feet," said Sibyl, stepping back in
bitter contempt. "It is your place, it is true; but his love has ennobled you,
since it has raised you to the rank of my rival. Am I to understand you
promise your intimacy with him is at an end?"

"Miss Sibyl, I cannot. I love him!" And pale and sad, Christie rose and
stood before her.
 The blaze, the dark, scorching, flaming glance from those eyes of fire
might have killed her.

"And you dare utter this to me?" she said, or rather hissed, through her
tightly clenched teeth. "Audacious girl, do you not fear that I will strike you
dead where you stand?"

Again Christie thought of her vision, and trembling, terrified, fainting,

she clung to a rock for support, unable to speak. With all the fiery, long-
slumbering passion of her lion-heart aroused, the fierce, dark girl before her
looked desperate enough for anything.

"Promise!" she said, in a hollow voice, coming nearer, and raising her
arm threateningly.

"I cannot! Oh, Miss Sibyl, I cannot!" faltered the almost fainting
Christie.

"Promise!" again cried Sibyl, glaring upon her with her wild, dark eyes.

"I cannot!" still wailed Christie, pressing her hand over her heart.

"Promise, or die!" exclaimed the mad girl, grasping her by the arm in a
vise-like grip.

"I cannot—I would sooner die!" said Christie, as, unable to stand, she
again sank at the feet of her vindictive foe.

For a moment it seemed as though the threat would be accomplished, as

Sibyl stood over her like one turned to stone. But the next instant releasing
her hold, she hurled her from her; and, as if fleeing from temptation, fled
down the rocks, over the rough path toward the lodge, and sank fainting and
exhausted on the sitting-room floor.

An hour later Aunt Moll entered, and beholding Sibyl, with her
streaming hair, lying prone on the floor, grew alarmed, and coming over,
she shook her gently, saying:
 "Miss Sibyl, is yer sick? Come, git up now, like a good chile, 'fore you
catch your def o' cold, a lyin' on de bare floor. 'Deed, honey, 'taint right for
young people to heave derselves into de draft, dis way."

But Aunt Moll went through all the phases of the potential mood
—"commanding, exhorting"—in vain. Her young mistress neither moved
nor stirred.

"Now, Miss Sibyl, do get up—please do. De Lord knows I's 'fraid you'll
cotch de rheumatiz in yer bones. Most oncomfortablest thing as ever was;
'specially fore a rain storm, when ebery j'int feels as if dere was forty
hundred cross-cut saws a going t'rough it. Come, chile—come, git up, an'
let yer ole mammy ondress you, an' put yer to bed."

And Aunt Moll shook the supposed sleeper gently.

Sibyl lifted her head, and half rose, disclosing a face so pale and
haggard, a form so sunken and collapsed, that Aunt Moll started back in
terror.

"What on airth de matter in you, Miss Sibyl? I 'clare to man, if yer ain't
almost skeered me out o' my wits, sure 'nuff! Is you sick, chile?"

"Yes, sick at heart!—sick at heart!" said Sibyl, in a despairing voice.

"I knowed sumfin' was de matter wid yer. Well, git up like a good chile,
and let me git some catnip tea for you, it's the best cure in the world for sich
complaints."

"Oh, Aunt Moll, leave me. My illness is beyond your art. 'Not poppy
nor mandragora can ever medicine me to that sweet sleep' I once slept
beneath this roof."

"Now, chile, don't say so," said Aunt Moll, touched by her hopeless
tone. "Folks ain't tuk so sudden as all dat, you know. I ain't got no poppy
nor man dragoon; but catnip tea is jes' as good, cordin' to my way o'
thinkin'. An' when you take a good night's res', you'll be all well in de
mornin'—please de Lor'."
 "Rest! Rest! When shall I rest again? Aunt Moll, leave me. I want to be
alone."

"'Deed, Miss Sibyl, I darsent do it—'twon't do to leab you here in de

draf, all alone. Let me help you to bed, an' make de catnip tea, an' you'll be
better to-morrow, sure."

"Oh, this heart—this heart!"

"Yes, chile, I knows; I 'spects it's de cramps you'se got, an' I 'vises of
you to get up. Come, honey, come." And Aunt Moll put her arm coaxingly
round her young lady's neck, and attempted to lift her up.

"Oh, Aunt Moll! if you only knew my affliction! What matters it

whether I die or not, since I have nothing more to live for? I might as well
die now as live; for the living death of a loveless life."

"You mustn't talk so, Miss Sibyl; 'taint right, nor likewise 'spectful to de
Lord, who sends us cramps, as well as healf, sometimes. 'Tis r'ally
'stonishin', de way you takes on 'bout it."

"Aunt Moll, I am not bodily ill—only wronged, suffering, despairing,

deceived, broken-hearted almost," said Sibyl, looking straight before her,
with a fixed, anguished look.

"Dear heart! don't take on so about it. I's real sorry, I is."

And good Aunt Moll passed her hand gently and caressingly over the
glossy, dark locks of the young girl.

"Oh! there is nothing but falsehood and treachery in this world! I, who
loved and trusted so much, to be now deceived! I would have staked my
life, my soul, my hopes of heaven on his fidelity! And now, this awakening
from my blissful, delusive dream is worse than death. Oh, Aunt Moll! my
dear old friend, is there any one who really loves me in this world but you?"

And, wholly overcome, Sibyl's strong despair gave way to a passionate

burst of tears.
 Since Sibyl had been a child, Aunt Moll never remembered to have seen
her weep before; and now, in her quaint, tender manner, she strove to soothe
her grief. But still the young girl wept and sobbed with wild vehemence,
until nature was relieved; and she looked up, calmer and far less despairing
than before.

"Aunt Moll," she said, suddenly, "what time does Lem go over to
Westport to-morrow?"

"Before noon, honey."

"Then tell him to be ready to take me to N—— before he goes for him!
And now, Aunt Moll, I will follow your advice, and retire."

"But won't you take the catnip tea, chile?" persisted the old woman,
who had some vague idea of the all-powerful virtues of the herb.

"No, no, thank you, I do not need it."

"But it'll do you good, chile; you'll feel more comfortable for it."

"Comfort! comfort! Can anything ever restore comfort here?" And she
struck her breast with her hand.

"Yes, honey, de catnip tea."

"Good-night, Aunt Moll." And Sibyl flitted, like a shadow, up the long
staircase, and disappeared in the gloom beyond.

CHAPTER XIV.

JEALOUSY.
 ——"Trifles, light as air,
Are to the jealous confirmation strong
As proofs of holy writ.—OTHELLO.

The next morning, Sibyl made her appearance in the sitting-room, pale,
wan, and haggard, as though she had spent a sleepless night. But she
appeared calm. Whatever course she had determined to pursue, seemed
fully settled, and now she was calm; but it was like the calmness of a
sleeping volcano, from which fire and flame, hurling destruction on all,
might at any moment burst forth.

Answering gravely all Aunt Moll's anxious inquiries after her health,
she seated herself at the breakfast-table, but touched nothing, save a cup of
hot coffee. And, after this slight refreshment, she put on her hat and mantle
and descended to the beach, where Lem, with the boat, was already
awaiting her coming.

Seating herself, she wrapped her mantle closely around her, and fixing
her eyes steadily on the dancing waves, the journey was performed in stern
silence. Two hours brought them to N——, and, leaving her there, Lem set
out for Westport to meet Drummond. Arrived there, he found that young
gentleman, accompanied by Captain Campbell and a florid, bald-headed,
old man, who proved to be the surgeon.

On their way, Willard explained to them how the wounded man and his
wife had been saved from the wreck. And when they reached the island,
Captain Campbell, unconscious that his sister was gone, hastened to the
lodge, while Willard accompanied the surgeon to the cottage of Mrs. Tom.

As they entered, Christie, who in spite of her hidden grief, was busily
employed as usual, looked hastily up, and turned, if possible, a shade paler
than before.

Mrs. Courtney sat listlessly turning over the leaves of a novel, with a
bored look on her pretty face; while opposite her, supported by pillows, on
Mrs. Tom's wooden sofa, lay her wounded husband, whose eyes never for a
moment, wandered from her face.

He was a man of thirty, at least, and would have been handsome but for
his ghastly pallor and a certain sour, querulous, suspicious expression his
face were. His complexion, naturally dark, had faded to a sickly yellow,
looking almost white in contrast with his black hair, and thick, black
whiskers and mustache. But it was the expression of his face that was
particularly unprepossessing—in the thin, compressed lips, and watchful,
cunning eyes you could read suspicion, distrust, and doubt. Two things
would have struck you instantly, had you seen him sitting there—one, was
his passionate love for his wife; the other, a slumbering fire of jealousy, that
the faintest breath might have fanned into a never-dying flame.

They formed a striking contrast as they sat there—she so pretty,

careless, saucy, and indifferent; he so haggard with illness, and with that
watchful, distrustful look on his face. And yet, it had been a love-match; he
loved her to idolatry, and she, rejecting perhaps worthier suitors, at the age
of sixteen had run away from school and eloped with Edgar Courtney.
Willard Drummond had been among the rejected ones. Before the honey-
moon was over, the wild girl had found she had married a jealous, exacting
tyrant, who hated every man on whom she smiled, and would have kept her
locked up, where no eye but his own could ever rest upon her, had he dared.

At first little Laura submitted to his caprices, because she loved him, or
thought she did; but as he grew more and more exacting, this love died
wholly away, and the little bride awoke one morning in dismay to find she
had made a life-long mistake. Still, she was too good and generous to strive
to lay the blame on him for taking advantage of her youth and romantic
impulse to fly with him, and would have laughed and danced on as merrily
as ever with him through life, without letting him know it, had not his own
conduct brought on the denouement.

He continued to be tyrannical. Laura naturally proud and high-spirited,

grew at length very tired of his absurd fancies and wishes, and vowed she
would no longer be a "meek, submissive wife." But, though inwardly
despising him herself, she would allow no one else to speak slightingly of
him, as her first interview with Willard Drummond proved. And all the
previous night she had hovered over his bedside, anticipating his every
want with the most tender and vigilant care; and it was only when, the next
morning, he found himself able to get up, that she had resumed her
accustomed air of careless indifference to himself and his wishes. Had he
been more generous and less suspicious—had he had faith in his young
wife, she would have loved him and been his alone; but had he really
wished to make her hate him, he could not have taken a surer plan to bring
such a result than the one he did.

All this long digression is necessary, that too much blame may not be
thrown upon the shoulders of the poor little girl-bride for her reckless
conduct and the awful catastrophe that followed.

When Willard and the doctor entered, Christie, who had anxiously
waited for this opportunity, seeing Mrs. Tom busily engaged, touched her
husband on the arm, and, whispering "Follow me," left the house.

He unhesitatingly obeyed, and overtook her near the end of the garden,
where, pale and troubled, she stood, leaning against a tree.

"Weil, Christie, what is it?" he asked, in surprise.

"Willard," she said, lifting her reproachful eyes to his face, "Sibyl
Campbell was here last night!"

"Well!" he said, starting and coloring deeply.

"Oh, Willard! she told me all—how you had deceived her, and deceived
me! Oh, Willard! how could you do so?"

"Deceived her?—deceived you? I do not understand, Christie," he said,

coldly.

"Oh, Willard! you do! You promised to love only her—to marry her; yet
you deceived her, and married me!"

"Well, a moment ago, you said I deceived you likewise. And how, I pray
you, madam? Go on," he said, with a sneer.
 "You made me your wife while pledged to another!"

"Which, doubtless, causes you a great deal of sorrow." he said, in a tone

of slight pique; for though his passion for Christie was dying away, he
could not endure the thought, as yet, of her forgetting him.

"Oh, Willard! you know being your wife is the greatest happiness on
earth for me; but when I saw her, last night, so wild, passionate, and
despairing, I felt as if I could have died for very shame to think I had been
the cause of her misery!"

"Then she did seem despairing!" he said, while his face flushed.

"Oh, yes! almost crazed, mad, frenzied. Her eyes seemed killing me!"

"Who could have told her?—not you?" he exclaimed, suddenly.

"Oh, no—no! I do not know how she heard it; but she knew all."

"What! our marriage, and all?" he cried, starting up, and speaking in a
tone that made Christie start back.

"No; she did not know that. But——"

"You did not dare to tell her?" he said, almost threateningly.

"Oh! why will you speak to me in that tone, dearest Willard? I did not
mean to reproach you."

"It is very like it, however," he said bitterly.

"But may I not tell her, Willard? She wanted me to give you up; and I
thought she would have killed me because I refused. I fear she may come
again; and, indeed, such another interview would kill me! If she knew all,
she would desist. Oh, Willard, dearest! will you not tell her—or may I not
tell her?"

"Not for the world—not for ten thousand worlds! Would you ruin me,
Christie?" he exclaimed, impetuously.
 "Ruin you, Willard?" she said, faintly.

"My worldly prospects, I mean. My—oh, the thing is impossible!" he

said vehemently. "I will not hear of it for a moment."

"But you promised," she began, in a choking voice.

"And will keep that promise when the proper time comes. At present it
is impossible—utterly impossible, I tell you. You must have faith in me, and
wait, Christie."

Faith! Was he worthy of it? The thought arose in the mind of Christie, to
be instantly banished, as she heroically kept back her rising tears and strove
to say, in a calm voice:

"Wait! But for how long? Willard, this secrecy is dreadful! this
deception weighs on my heart like lead!"

"I do not know; I cannot tell. How often have I said, when the proper
time comes, when I may safely avow it, all shall be revealed. Christie, you
are selfish—you have no consideration for any one but yourself. If I loved
you better than Miss Campbell, you should be the last one to reproach me
with it. Take care that many such scenes as this do not banish that love
altogether."

His deeply offended tone sent the coldness of death to the very heart of
Christie. She had not meant to anger him; and now he was deeply
displeased. He had never looked nor spoken to her so before. And, totally
overcome, she covered her face with her hands and wept aloud.

He was not proof against her tears. All the old tenderness returned at the
sight, and, going over, he removed her hands, saying, gently:

"My dearest love, forgive me, I was vexed, surprised, grieved, and in
the wrong. Look up, little wife. Lift those blue eyes and say you forgive
me!"
 Before she could reply a footstep was heard approaching, and she had
only time to bestow on him one look of love and pardon, and dart away, ere
Captain Campbell came in view.

"Well, Drummond, what says the doctor about your patient?" he

demanded, as he came up.

"I have not seen him since he went in. But here he comes, to answer for
himself."

At this moment the doctor made his appearance, and Willard

propounded the inquiry.

"Oh, it's nothing serious, sir! He'll be better in a day or two," replied the
doctor. "Meantime, how am I to get home?"

"My servant is down on the shore, waiting to take you over," said
Captain Campbell.

"I'll attend you down, doctor," said Willard, taking the old gentleman's
arm.

"And as I reign king, undisputed, here, I suppose it will be only polite

attention to visit my wounded subject," said Captain Campbell, approaching
the cottage.

On entering, he was presented by Mrs. Tom to her guests.

Equally surprised and pleased to find so pretty and piquant a little lady
in Mrs. Courtney, the young captain took a seat beside her, and entered,
forthwith, into conversation. Mr. Courtney scowled at the handsome young
captain from under his black eyebrows, but said nothing.

And Mrs. Courtney, mutually delighted by the agreeable and

gentlemanly newcomer, flung aside her novel, forgot her ennui, and laughed
and chatted with a volubility that amazed and delighted her companion,
who immediately entered into a war of wit, words, and repartee, during
which the time sped rapidly away.
 Mrs. Tom was the only auditor, however, who seemed in the least to
enjoy their smart sayings, and sharp, witty retorts; for Carl, under the
unfailing eye of his aunt, was groaning in spirit, as he sat plucking fowls,
with a haste and energy that brought great drops of perspiration to his brow,
hearing, every time he ventured to look up, a shrill "You, Carl!" that
instantly set him to work again with renewed vigor. Christie, pale, silent,
and thoughtful, bent over her sewing, near the window; and Mr. Courtney's
scowl grew every moment darker and darker.

At last, after two delightful hours, Captain Campbell arose, reluctantly,

to go, saying:

"My sister, will, doubtless, be here in a day or two, Mrs. Courtney, and
then you must become our guest. Meantime, I shall be delighted to show
you my island home, and assist, in every way I can, to make the time of
your stay pass as pleasantly as possible."

Mr. Courtney's midnight brows grew black as a thunder-cloud, and

blacker, if possible, as his wife gayly replied:

"Thank you, sir. Nothing could give me more pleasure; so to-morrow, I

shall, with your permission, take an inventory of your enchanting isle."

"Shall you, madam?" muttered her husband, between his teeth. "We
shall see about that!"

All the rest of the evening Mr. Courtney was just as silent, sulky, and
sour as he knew how to be, which is saying a good deal. And that night,
after they had retired to the inner room which Mrs. Tom had vacated to their
use, he took her to task in the following manner:

"Pray, madam, may I ask what business you had, giving that fellow any
such promise as you did?"

Now Mrs. Courtney had seen her husband's groundless jealousy all the
evening, and had been excessively annoyed thereby, fearing Captain
Campbell might observe it, too, and wonder at it. Therefore, feeling justly
indignant, she coolly replied:
 "Because, sir, it was my good pleasure to do so."

"Indeed!" and the dark brow foreboded a storm, "indeed, Mrs.

Courtney! And is it your intention to go roaming with this fellow, alone,
through the island to-morrow?"

"Most assuredly, Mr. Courtney. How astonishingly clever you are at

guessing!"

"Madam, you shall not go."

"Sir, I shall go!" said the lady, imitating his tone exactly.

"Have you no respect for yourself, madam—none for me, your

husband?"

"Not the least, sir."

"It will be at your peril if you go."

"No, it won't—it'll be at my pleasure."

"Silence, madam!" he thundered, grinding his teeth with rage. "Do not
dare to be impertinent, or you will repent it."

"Mr. Courtney, allow me to observe, the inmates of this house are trying
to sleep. How they will succeed, if you go on in that manner, is a question
easily answered," said Mrs. Courtney, sitting down, with a most provoking
coolness, and beginning to unbutton her boots.

"Mrs. Courtney, I command you not to go with this man, to-morrow."

"Mr. Courtney, you may command till you are black in the face; but I've
promised, and I'll go!" said his rebellious spouse.

He half sprang up from the bed in which he was lying, his eyes fairly
scintillating with rage.
 "Would you dare disgrace me in this way?" he said, in a voice hoarse
with passion.

"Disgrace you? Disgrace a fiddlestick! Are you losing all the little sense
you ever had, Mr. Courtney?" said his wife, now really indignant.

"Are you really smitten with—do you love this man?" he asked, in a
hoarse, fierce whisper, keeping his gleaming, black eyes still fixed on her
face.

For a moment a flash of intense anger shot from the eyes of Mrs.
Courtney; then, as if the absurdity of the question overcame every other
feeling, she threw herself back in her chair, and broke out in a hearty peal of
laughter.

The action might have dispelled his absurd doubts; but, as nothing can
convince jealous souls, he even looked upon this, as another proof of her
guilt, and, raising himself up in his bed, he grasped her arm, while again he
hissed:

"Do you love him?"

"Mr. Courtney, don't bother me!" said his polite spouse, indignantly
shaking off his hand; "and don't make a greater simpleton of yourself than
nature made you. Love him indeed! I've had enough of love for one while, I
can tell you. I found it dose enough the last time I was fool enough to try it,
and now that I've got nicely over it, nobody'll catch me at it again."

This was a most unfortunate speech, for Courtney's fear, day and night,
was, lest his wife should cease to love him. He closed his teeth with a snap,
and fell back on his pillow with a sepulchral moan.

There was a pause, during which Mrs. Courtney leisurely combed out
her curls, and Mr. Courtney lay with knit brows, and deep, labored
breathing. At length, he turned over, and said huskily:

"Laura!"
 "Well?" said Laura, going on with her combing and brushing.

"You won't go out to-morrow?"

"Won't I? That's all you know about it, then."

"It's my wish you should stay."

"And it's my wish to go."

"Then you will go?"

"Most decidedly. And now, Mr. Courtney, hold your tongue, for I'm
going to sleep."

He clenched his teeth with impotent rage, and his jealous soul shone
forth hideously from his glittering eyes. And, angry and indignant, Mrs.
Courtney went to sleep, muttering:

"I vow to Cupid, you shall have some cause for jealousy, my wise lord
and master. Pity to have you jealous for nothing; so, handsome Captain
Campbell, look out, for I mean to flirt like fury!"

CHAPTER XV.

SELF-TORTURE.
"And to be wroth with one we love,
Doth work like madness on the brain."—COLERIDGE.
 That night of deepest woe to the passionate heart of Sibyl had been
spent in pacing up and down her room, now hurling fierce, bitter
maledictions on the head of him who had deceived her, and on this puny
girl for whose sake she had been thrown aside; then in breathing wild,
passionate vows of vengeance for the wrong, the deep humiliation that had
been done her, and anon, throwing herself upon the floor in a convulsive fit
of weeping. Then another mood would come, when she would forget all but
the blissful days of the past, and all her despised love and tenderness would
flood back to her soul, and her very heart would cry out to be with him
again. And then would come the thought that this could never, never be
again, and she would spring up with blazing eyes, her very tears seemingly
turned to sparks of fire.

And, mingled with all these stormy passions was an under-current of

deepest shame, of bitter humiliation, of wounded self-love and humbled
pride. That she, the descendant of a haughty Highland clan, the daughter of
a princely race, should be forgotten for one so far beneath her in every way,
was a disgrace that sent the blood tingling to her pale cheeks, and made her
clench her hands in impotent despair.

So passed the night.

With morning came a calmer mood. The necessity of adopting some

line of conduct that would bring matters to a speedy denouement soothed
for the time her frenzied brain. No one must know as yet of her desertion.
She felt as though she could die sooner than survive the shame of such a
discovery. Neither could she stay on the island. Her time for meeting her
betrayer had not come; but it was at hand, and then——

The flame that leaped like forked lightning from her black eyes, the
deep smile that curled her lips, better than words, spoke the rest.

Leaning her head on her hand, she thought intently. She would return to
the parsonage, and remain there until her future course was decided upon.
She could easily feign some plausible pretext for leaving the island, and
good Mrs. Brantwell, she knew, would be but too happy to have her.
 And, in pursuance of this resolution, she went early the following
morning back to N——.

Mrs. Brantwell, as Sibyl anticipated, met her with a joyful welcome,

and announced her resolution of giving a party a few evenings after in her
welcome. Sibyl, in her present state of mind, would have shrunk from
appearing in public; but as she could not do so without offending and
surprising her hostess, and perhaps arousing her suspicions, she made no
resistance to the plan.

"And you know, my dear," said Mrs. Brantwell, "now that you are an
heiress, it is time that you should come out. Next winter you must go to
New York and spend the gay season there; for, of course, you are quite too
young to think of being married yet. I do not believe, for my part, in this
new fashion of marrying girls before they are out of their bibs and tuckers,
and having them settled down into old women before they are five-and-
twenty. So, my dear, just politely inform Mr. Drummond that he must wait
your ladyship's sovereign pleasure; and if he rebels, as of course he will,
give him to understand he is not your lord and master yet, and you intend
doing as you please. Men need to be put down, you know, my dear; it does
them good, and takes the nonsense out of them." And Mrs. Brantwell
laughed her jolly little laugh.

Sibyl averted her head to conceal the deadly paleness of her face.

"And now, Sibyl," continued the good old lady, "I want you to go with
me to the island. Guy has told me of a lady and gentlemen who were saved
from the wreck, and are stopping at that cottage, and I wish to invite them
here to-morrow. So go and get ready."

"Mrs. Brantwell, excuse me, I would rather not go," said Sibyl, still
keeping her face averted.

"Not go! What now, Mistress Sibyl? This is certainly something new,"
said the astonished old lady.

"I have a—headache, and would prefer lying down," said Sibyl, without
turning round.
 "Oh, in that case I suppose I must go alone. I'll send Betty up with some
vinegar to bathe your head before I go," said the unsuspecting lady of the
mansion, as she left the room to dress for her journey.

Captain Campbell, who was waiting for her on the shore, accompanied
her to Mrs. Tom's and presented her to pretty little Mrs. Courtney, who took
captive, almost instantly, the good lady's heart as she did that of most other
people, and promptly accepted the invitation, to the manifest annoyance of
her husband.

Mr. Courtney, though still quite weak and ailing, resolved also upon
going, to watch his wife, under the conviction that her sole intent and
purpose in going was to meet Captain Campbell.

And Willard Drummond, who was present, likewise received and

accepted her invitation. What his motive in going could be, knowing Sibyl
would be there, it would be hard to divine.

The evening for the party came; and at an early hour the drawing-room
of the parsonage was all ablaze with lights. Carriage after carriage rolled up
to the door, and bevy after bevy of fair ladies, elegantly dressed, flocked
like bright-plumaged birds, through the brilliant rooms, and carried on gay
flirtations with their friends in broadcloth.

Mrs. Brantwell, magnificent in black velvet, stood near the door to

receive her guests. But every eye was fixed wonderingly, admiringly on
Sibyl, who moved with the step of an empress through the throng.

Surpassingly beautiful she looked, with her crisp, shining curls of jet,
shading on either side the burning crimson cheeks, her splendid Syrian eyes
emitting a vivid streaming light, the rich dark robe of sheeney satin falling
with classic elegance from her rounded waist; but the light in her eye was
the fire of fever—the glow on her cheek the blaze of excitement, for the
hour she had waited for was come, and Willard Drummond would stand
arraigned before her that night.

Mrs. Courtney, bright, piquant, bewitching, divided the honors and

admiration of the evening with Sibyl. Her husband, pale, ghastly, haggard
with illness, and suffering the tortures of a mind deceased, moved like a
specter, silent, gloomy, and watchful, through the merry throng. And
Captain Campbell, elated, handsome, and courteous, was there too, the
recipient of many a bewitching glance from the bright eyes present.

The company were all assembled, chatting, laughing, fluting, all but
one. Sibyl stood in the midst of a gay group, the "bright particular star" of
the evening, carrying on a spirited conversation, but ever and anon her eyes
would wander to the door with fierce impatience. Why did he not come?

Edgar Courtney, standing gloomily by himself, was enduring the

torments of a lost soul. His wife, knowing he was unequal to the effort, had
endeavored to persuade him to stay; but this he ascribed to the wish of
being alone with Captain Campbell. Then she offered to remain with him;
and this, also, he refused, thinking, with strange self-torture, some evil
design lay beneath. He would come—he would watch her; and Mrs.
Courtney's high spirit arose, and she proudly and angrily resolved to act just
as she pleased, and flirt just as desperately as she could. She had told him
she did not love him—she had gone in defiance of his express command, in
company with Captain Campbell, walking through the island; and from this
slight foundation, Mr. Courtney judged his wife had fallen in love with
Captain Campbell. Where his wife was concerned the man was a
monomaniac.

And now he saw them before him, she leaning on his arm; her head
bent, as with downcast eyes and smiling lips she listened to his low words.
He gnashed his teeth, and glared upon them like a madman. At that moment
his face was like that of a demon.

There was no dancing. Mr. Brantwell was a clergyman, and did not
approve of it; but there was music, and as if to excite his jealous soul to
madness, Captain Campbell led Laura to the piano, and hung over her,
while she glanced slyly at him from under her long lashes, and sang "Oh,
had we some bright little isle of our own," as though every word was meant
for him alone.

Loud and long was the applause which followed. And then Captain
Campbell led her to a seat, and took another beside her, and this low
conversation was resumed.

Full with jealous rage, the self-tortured Courtney watched them, until, at
the end of an hour or so, he saw Captain Campbell rise and leave her alone
for a moment. Then, going over, and seeing all were too much engaged, by
some one who was singing, to notice him, he grasped her fiercely by the
arm, saying, in a hoarse whisper:

"Madam, do you mean to drive me mad?"

"No need; you're that already," said Mrs. Courtney, startled out of a
reverie she had fallen into, but instantly remembering to be provoking.

"By heavens! I shall make you repent this conduct."

"Hush-sh! You mustn't speak so loud, my dear."

"Mrs. Courtney, will you tell me what you mean by permitting the
attentions of this puppy?" he said, clenching his teeth to keep down his
passion.

"Puppy! I'm surprised at your want of taste, Mr. Courtney. He's as

handsome as Apollo."

"Ah-h!"

It was like a groan from a sepulcher, that deep, hollow respiration from
his labored chest. He looked really a pitiable object, as he sat there, white,
ghastly, and rigid. It touched with remorse his wife's heart, and, laying her
hand on his arm, she said, more seriously:

"Edgar, don't be absurd. Positively you are as jealous as a Turk. I wish

to goodness you wouldn't make yourself ridiculous this way."

"Laura, come away!"

"Come away! Where?"

"Out of this—any place—to the island again."