-

-.,
CLASSIFICATION OF PLUTONIC ROCKS
Minerals and mineral groups:
Q quartz
~----------~

A alkali feldspars (orthoclase. rnicrocline . perthite,

Succession of Minerals in
Rock Names (all rock types):
anorthoclase, albite) Descriptive nomenclature should
P Plagioclse. scapolite appear in arder of most abundan!
-~ F feldspathoids ar foids (leucite and pseudoleucité: mineral to least abundan! mineral.
nepheline, sodalite, nosean, hauynite. cancrinite ,
analcime, etc.)
For example: a granodiorite
,,-._ M mafic and related minerals (micas, amphiboles,
pyroxenes. olivines, opaque minerals, accessories containing more biotite than hornblende
(zircon. apatite, tia nite.etc), epidote. allanite, garnets, is a "biotite-hornblende granodiorite".
melilites, monticellite, primary carbonates , etc.)

---
Q +A+ P = 100 or A+ P F = 100
a ROCKS WITH M<90% o

-----
--.

-----
-.,

---
N

> FOtO
U)~ OIO RrTO IOS
tt o
C!'.Ü
ANO
0A88A0tDS
. l ~I•
lflpi.11oci.u

o>-
_, o
oz _,,,
a-;,-2 0 : adoO•r• II..&

('Jo r1>- 10: _.....,.n.

-
go lo~ ➔•ulftcl

(') F
z GABBROIC ROCKS
<I:

-·
?
abbr . IIOCLASE

--- ' f.'. 'J'~..,

"º"
',l' ~'0-10:•44
~\ ~', .~ .
º'•"· P'•O'O
,,-._ o~ •11•1- '{
ClaN-b•at"';

o•Mw"-.,1'-

,,-.._
e > prn;,,••" 11
•• 1 D2tDbltMIS1 { '). HBL:
py HORNBLENOE
,,-.._ V -•·- ••

ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS

..
OL Ol.: OUVJNIE OL O'-•"JC•MGL •
0,J(: OATHOP'YAOXCK( (G l ♦ Q.AA •UJ
CP'X: C(.)NO,,YROXEHf'
P'X.: PYROX.EKE ,
HOL; HORHal.ENDE ep,ac:ue

--
.w,,e(&t.
----- at SIOTITF.
QAA:
111":
GAIUlF.T
aP\N'CL
"

-.,

-- PX <4 > ♦ 1 ♦ < ¡> 16.

pyro••nlt•• hornblend• ~ oyroxene h0N\b.\endk•
pyrox.•nh:ea hotnb(endlt•
OPX
1
orthopytox•M•
CPX
clllnopy;o•.nlt e
 CLASSIFICATION OF
VOLCANIC ROCKS
._..
Q
0-90 BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF
volumeo/o IGNEOUS ROCKS BY COLOR l._,
mafic minerals ANO GRAIN SIZE
% Dark Mínerals l.._,
0-35% Leucocratic
35-65% Mesocratic
65-90% Melanocratic .__..,
90=% Ultramafic
p \_,
Average Graín Size
<1 mm -- fine grained -
Tephrite :
1-5 mm -- medium grained '-'
(OL0-10%) 5-30 mm -- coarse grained
ba sanite:
OL > 10%)
>30 mm -- peQmatitic
l.._,

Q 6-20%: add prefix

quartz
F 0-10%: add prefix '--'
foid bearing

F ,_.,
)>

CLASSIFICATION OF PYROCLASTIC ROCKS z

Gl
Cla.,i si ze or l.._,
(mm) Py 1ocl.u1 r;,rodast:ic dcpo~it 08
GLASS zo
M.1.inly :Vfoi nly or
-, o
'.__..,
un¡;on:so lidJ.h.-d: l.'.onsoliJ J.rl:d:
1c:phr;1 P)'rN· b -.ril' rnd: () ;o
Bomb, blc,rk
om
-o "T1
Ar2,l omM:'ll C", A;.,¡,lomcr:1t c-,
bcd o í hll1cb py rocb;;Jic hre,:cin -< ~
<
º'
homh. h!nck l.._,
64 mm _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __
t<;phr.1
"'
Laoill us L::1.ver. bcd of

CRYSTALS ,
CRYSTAL ROCK
l:ip.illi
or
l:i.pilli 11:pltrn
2 mm - - -- - . _ ..,:._ _:;-----;;;;;:;~-;:;-;hl<~
L.ipill i 1u ff
---
FRAGMENTS C.:oa.r.M: :i~h sr :.un Coarsc ash Coarse (::uh) ruf(
FRAGMENTS l/ l6 mm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ '-"
fi ne :uh 1,;1a111 h nc nsh (d u..-;t) Fine lruh) 1uff
_ _ _ __,(-=-
du'-'s-'--
1 "'S"-=-•'n'--
i_ :, _ (<lu-.r 1uíl)
.__..,
TERMS USED FOR MIXED PYROCLASTIC-EPICLASTIC ROCKS
Tuffitcs Epicl:mic t\ v . d:L,l :,.il'c
l'yr~lastic" (mix'-'rJ pyrocla..:tic-cpicl:mic) (•.:olc.,nk :rnd/ or no11 \·olc-J ni..:) (m'!!l_ _ '-'
A~,Jomcr:itc, :i...i:r.Ju1ina1 c
p)Tocl;i,;tic brccri::i T uffact'Qtl) cc,nglomcralc, Con¡.lomcr:uc , breccia 64
tu ífaccous br~"Ci:J. l._,
L ipil!i tuff

COtUS~ Tu ffaceous: s:am h.lllnr: S:tndsl onc

(A sh) turr 1/16 \._./
fi nt Tuffm.:1..-ou, ,ilt,1011 c Silrstonc
l/256
T u f fa cc."OU) mud .. lOIIC',. ~h:i ],: Mudstonc. sho!e
100 75 Pyroclasts 2~ u~·o hy ~-olumc ·-
◄
Volcanic + nonvolcanic epiclasts (+ minar amounts
of biogenic, chemical sedimentary and authigenic
constituents). ~
-
- .
PARTICLE SIZE TERMINOLOGY

U .S. Stan-
dard sieve Gra in Phi (4>) Wemwonh sizc c:lass

--- mesh diametcr (mm) unirs

Uscw ire 4096 - 12
squarcs 1024 -W Boulder
256 - 8

"
..l 64 64 - 6 C obble
UJ
>
< 16 - 4 Pcbblc
"'o 5 4 4 - 2

----. 6
7
8
_ _ __ 10
3.36
2.83
2.38
2.00 2
- 1.75
-
-
-
1.5
l .25
LO
'<> Gmnulc

-- "!
>
~~
12
14
16
1S
20
25
30
L68
L41
L l9
LOO
0.84
0.71
0.59
½
1
- 0.75
- 0.5
- 0.25
o.o
0.25
0 .5
0.75
1.0
Very coa rse sn.nd

Coarse sand

-
35 --- - 0.50
wO e, 40 0.42 1.25
c:::u z 45 0.35 1.5 Mcdium sand
o f- <

-
50 0.30 1.75
...J o"'
oz 60 0.25 ¼ 2.0
<!lo 70 0.210 2.:?5
go 80 0. 177 2.S Fine sand
(!) 100 0. 149 2.75
z 120 0. 125 V, 3.0
<(
140 0. 105 3.25
170 0.088 3.5 Very fine sa nd
- 200 0.074 3.75
_ _ _ 230 0.062 5 11¡, 4.0

-. 2 70 0.053 4.25

--
0.044 4.5 Coarsc sil 1
...
.J
325
0.037 4.75
¡;; 0.031 ' (,, 5.0
0.0 156 '!,. 6.0 Medium sih
Use 0.0078 11,,,. 7.0 Fine si lt
_ _ _ pipene 0.0039 ' /,,. 8.0 Vcry fine si lt
or 0.0020 9.0
hydro- 0.00098 !O.O C\ay
o
:, meter 0.00049 11.0

--
;;: 0.00024 12.0
0.00012 13.0
0.00006 14.0

-
-. Bcddi ng~~
BEDDIN G THICKNESS TERMINOLOGY

Spli11 ing tcrm

A\'cragc thicknc5,s oí bcds or sp1its 1mm)
Anon. • Payne'

-
Vcry rhinly laminatcd Fissitc 2
Laminatc:d Fissilc ID 2- 10
Vcry 11úaly bcddcd Flag~y 10-30 10-100
Th in lv bcddtd Flasi]y J().100
Mcdi ~m beddcd Slahby 100-300
----., Thickh beddcd Blocky 300- 1000
Vcry 1Í,ickly heddOO Massivc 1000 >100
 SPHERICITY
• ------ ----- ---•
:<
. ,, ,
.,
'
¡¡oo
- . G') 1
1
1
~

eº
:;o 1
1

G')
. )>
ii~O
G
,,~.,
' ~
z
. - z ;o :
1
:;o
o: o
. 1 (/)
, e e
"O

m z
e,, .,'r

:;o o,:~
1 e,
,'g C7 o z
e
z
m
C/l
(") C/l
z (/) )>
m e
z
z
m 'f
(/)

(/)
g
e,
c.
(l)
c.
e>O e
C/l
"O
--1 ::i::
m
)> :;o
ñ
G')

m
[C)
(l)
c.
o :::¡
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( (
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z· ( /1 ·s~3H 0708078NV

( ( ( ( (
.~ ~
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(
o
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-
,.--.,
CLASSIFICATION OF CARBONATE ROCKS
ALLOCHEMICAL ROCKS
allochems > 10%
ORTHOCHEMICAL
ROCKS
sparry calcite microcrystalline
> calcite
-~ microcrystalline >

Micro-

~I~~¡:- -
~ crystalline
lnterclasts calcite
> 90%
,--. of rock

--
intrasparite intramicrite m1crite

~
Micrite
- with
Fossils sparry

- biosparite
.
biomicrite ~·.~·· · ·~
dismicrite
calcite
patches

..-

-
N
Ooliths
:.;::D AUTOCHTHONOUS
REEF ROCKS

-.
>
~ fL
wO
a::U
o f-
...J o
oz
<!>o
.....
oosparite

•.....-~ .. .
,..,..:~~.,,.·
oomicrite

i~~ti.1,tJU,~ E biolithite

-
go Pellets -- ,.~-
(!)
z ,;-~ : --: ·:--:· ~·-;·
..:
pelsparite pelmicrite
-~ ~os~
,_ CLASSIFICATION OF V I ~4~
TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTS
,.--.,

---
-- Subo
a

,_ ).
¿¡~
-. Fr>·
-.