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GEO101x 2016 I.2.1 The Earth-Slides
GEO101x 2016 I.2.1 The Earth-Slides
1 The Earth
P wave
S wave
S
waves
P
waves
mantle
core
The
core
The
Earth
magne6c
field
N Outer
core:
85%
iron
5%
nickel
5%
sulfur
5%
oxygen
Inner
core:
94%
iron
S
6%
nickel
The
mantle
Homogeneous
composi6on
(periodite)
ρ
Vs
Tsolid
Tliquid
Vp
Elements:
• Silicium,
Si
• Aluminium,
Al
Minerals:
• Olivine
• Pyroxenes
The
mantle
is
mostly
solid
S-‐wave
The
Low
Velocity
zone
solidus
geothermal
gradient
Low
velocity
zone:
the
substratum
of
the
Lithosphere