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GEO101x 2016 I.1.0 Introduction and Magmatic Rocks-Slides
GEO101x 2016 I.1.0 Introduction and Magmatic Rocks-Slides
Oil
Water
The
rock
cycle
Erosion
&
transport
Weathering
of
Rocks
at
surface
Deposi4on
of
Sediment
Sedimentary
rock
Burial
&
Magma)c
compac4on
rock
Crystallisa4on
of
Magma
Metamorphic
rock
Mel4ng
Intrusive
and
Extrusive
rock
Extrusive:
quick
cooling,
Lava
and
ashes
5mm
small
crystals
or
glassy
Igneous
intrusion
Intrusive:
5mm
slow
cooling,
Magma
large
crystals
chamber
How
is
magma
generated?
Geothermal
gradient
and
mel)ng
curve
0 %
Mel>ng 100
Temperature
The
upward
movement
of
magma
How
fast
will
it
move
up?
How
far
will
it
go?
σ p −σ f 2 2
vs = gR
µ 9
Vs
=
velocity
[m/s]
σp,
σf
=
density
of
magma
and
surrounding
fluid
[kg/m3]
R=
diameter
of
the
magma
bubble
[m]
μ=
fluid
viscosity
[Pa·∙s]
Intrusive
rocks
Characteris>cs:
§ Coarse
grained
rock
§ Fully
developed
crystals
5mm
intrusive
rocks
are
important
for
society
Vent
Well
Magma>c
intruision
Extrusive
rocks
Volcano
characteris)cs:
shield
&
strato-‐
volcanoes
Shield
Strato
Granite
Coarse
grained,
Intrusive
I.1.1
Introduc)on
and
magma)c
rocks