Journal 1

Introduction:
Effective medication management is crucial for the treatment of diabetes, as poor management can
lead to complications and increased medical costs. Previous reviews have highlighted the high
prevalence of poor medication management among individuals with diabetes globally.

Objectives:
This study aimed to identify and understand the preferences of patients with diabetes in Indonesia
regarding pharmacist services that can improve medication management. By eliciting these
preferences, the study sought to provide valuable insights for designing pharmacist services that
align with patients' expectations and contribute to enhancing medication management among
individuals with diabetes.

Methods:
A discrete choice experiment was conducted among 833 respondents with diabetes in Surabaya,
Indonesia, across 57 community health centers and three hospitals. The experiment included four
attributes related to consultation services and two attributes concerning additional services. Data
analysis was performed using random effect logistic regression.

Results:
The study revealed that respondents preferred shorter consultation durations, flexible access to
pharmacists, private consultation rooms, and lower copayments for services. Factors such as total
monthly income and previous experience with pharmacist services influenced preferences for
copayments and appointment scheduling.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study underscore the importance of tailoring pharmacist services to meet the
specific preferences of individuals with diabetes in Indonesia. By considering these preferences,
healthcare providers can design services that better support patients in managing their medications
effectively.

Keywords: Patient Preferences, Diabetes, Discrete Choice Experiment, Pharmacist Services,

Medication Management

Journal 2
Introduction:
Pharmacist services play a crucial role in enhancing medication adherence among patients with
diabetes. Understanding the preferences of both patients and pharmacists regarding these services is
essential for optimizing healthcare delivery. This study aimed to investigate the ranking of pharmacist
services by patients and pharmacists in Indonesia to improve medication adherence among
individuals with diabetes.

Objectives:
The primary objective of this study was to assess the importance of various pharmacist services, as
perceived by patients and pharmacists, in the context of diabetes management. Additionally, the
study aimed to explore factors influencing the preferences for specific pharmacist services among
different demographic groups.

Methods:
A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted, utilizing a self-developed questionnaire that was
administered to patients and pharmacists in community health centers and hospitals in Surabaya,
Indonesia. Participants were asked to rank five pharmacist services based on their perceived
importance in improving medication adherence among patients with diabetes.

Results:
Consultation emerged as the highest-ranked pharmacist service by both patients and pharmacists,
followed by brochure distribution, medication review, patient group discussions, and phone call refill
reminders. Factors such as age, income, healthcare facility preferences, and prior experiences with
pharmacist services influenced the ranking of these services.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the significance of consultation as a preferred pharmacist service for enhancing
medication adherence among patients with diabetes in Indonesia. Combining consultation with
other services like brochure distribution and medication review can further improve patient
outcomes. Future research should explore the underlying reasons for these preferences and consider
a broader range of pharmacist services to cater to diverse patient needs.

Keywords: pharmacist services, medication adherence, diabetes management, patient preferences,

Indonesia

Journal 3
Abstract:

Introduction: Medication adherence in patients with diabetes is influenced by various factors that
may differ across different populations in Asia. Understanding these determinants is crucial for
improving diabetes management and outcomes.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore, identify, and classify the determinants of medication
adherence in several Asian regions by conducting a systematic literature review.

Methods: A systematic search of seven databases was conducted from January 2011 to December
2020 using the PICO search strategy. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines, and the
quality of included studies was assessed using Crowe's critical assessment tool.

Results: Analysis of twenty-six articles revealed that patient-related factors were the most dominant
in influencing medication adherence among diabetic patients in Asia. These factors were categorized
into subdomains and domains, highlighting the complexity of medication adherence in diabetes
management.

Conclusion: The study concludes that medication adherence to diabetic therapy is a complex
phenomenon with varying determinants across different Asian regions. Policymakers and healthcare
providers should focus on patient-related factors to improve medication adherence and diabetes
management in these regions.

Keywords: Medication adherence, diabetes, Asia, systematic review, determinants, patient-related

factors.