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Subject: - Cloud Computing

Unit: - Cloud Platforms in Industry
Unit: - 6

Deployment & Management Services

1. Amazon Cloud Watch:

Amazon CloudWatch monitors your Amazon Web Services (AWS) resources and the
applications you run on AWS in real time. You can use CloudWatch to collect and track metrics,
which are variables you can measure for your resources and applications.

The CloudWatch home page automatically displays metrics about every AWS service you use.
You can additionally create custom dashboards to display metrics about your custom
applications, and display custom collections of metrics that you choose.

You can create alarms that watch metrics and send notifications or automatically make changes to
the resources you are monitoring when a threshold is breached. For example, you can monitor the
CPU usage and disk reads and writes of your Amazon EC2 instances and then use that data to
determine whether you should launch additional instances to handle increased load. You can also
use this data to stop under-used instances to save money.

With CloudWatch, you gain system-wide visibility into resource utilization, application
performance, and operational health.

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How it works

2. AWS Cloud Formation:

If you only need to deploy a small number of services or applications on AWS, you will quickly
find that setting up each one manually is tedious and time-consuming.

Not to mention, configuring each AWS resource by hand puts you at a much higher risk of
making errors or introducing inconsistencies.

AWS CloudFormation is an AWS service that uses template files to automate the setup of
AWS resources.

It can also be described as an infrastructure automation or infrastructure-as-code (IAC) tool and

cloud automation solution as it automates the setup and deployment of various infrastructure-as-
a-service (IaaS) offerings on AWS CloudFormation Support. You can use CloudFormation to
automate the configuration of workloads running on the most popular AWS services, such as the
EC2 Compute Service, the S3 Storage Service, and the IAM Service to configure access control.

You can also apply CloudFormation templates to AWS services that meet specific use cases, such
as ground stations, AWS satellite management solutions.
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In general, if a service runs on AWS, it's a safe bet that you can use CloudFormation to automate
its configuration and deployment.

It is worth noting that CloudFormation is not the only way to configure and deploy services on
AWS. You can handle these processes manually using the AWS command-line interface, API, or
Web console.

Manual provisioning is the approach that teams typically take when getting started with AWS and
learning how to deploy services. However, as they scale their environments up in size, many
teams quickly realize they need a solution like CloudFormation to make the deployment process
faster and more consistent.

How it works
AWS CloudFormation lets you model, provision, and manage AWS and third-party
resources by treating infrastructure as code.

Google App Engine:

 Google App Engine (often referred to as GAE or simply App Engine) is a cloud
computing platform as a service for developing and hosting web applications in Google-
managed data centers.
 Applications are sandboxed and run across multiple servers.
 App Engine offers automatic scaling for web applications—as the number of requests
increases for an application, App Engine automatically allocates more resources for the
web application to handle the additional demand.

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 GAE primarily supports Go, PHP, Java, Python, Node.js, .NET, and Ruby applications,
although it can also support other languages via "custom runtimes".
 The service is free up to a certain level of consumed resources and only in standard
environment but not in flexible environment. Fees are charged for additional storage,
bandwidth, or instance hours required by the application.
 It was first released as a preview version in April 2008 and came out of preview in
September 2011.

Runtimes and framework:

 GAE primarily supports Go, PHP, Java, Python, Node.js, .NET, and Ruby
applications, although it can also support other languages via "custom runtimes".
 Python web frameworks that run on Google App Engine include Django, CherryPy,
Pyramid, Flask, web2py and webapp2, as well as a custom Google-written webapp
framework and several others designed specifically for the platform that emerged
since the release.

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 Any Python framework that supports the WSGI using the CGI adapter can be used
to create an application; the framework can be uploaded with the developed
application. Third-party libraries written in pure Python may also be uploaded.
 Google App Engine supports many Java standards and frameworks. Core to this is
the servlet 2.5 technology using the open-source Jetty Web Server, along with
accompanying technologies such as JSP. Java Server Faces operates with some
workarounds.

 A newer release of App Engine Standard Java in Beta supports Java8, Servlet 3.1
and Jetty9.
 Though the integrated database, Google Cloud Datastore, may be unfamiliar to
programmers, it is accessed and supported with JPA, JDO, and by the simple low-
level API.
 There are several alternative libraries and frameworks you can use to model and
map the data to the database such as Objectify, Slim3 and Jello framework.
 The Spring Framework works with GAE. However, the Spring Security module (if
used) requires workarounds. Apache Struts 1 is supported, and Struts 2 runs with
workarounds.
 The Django web framework and applications running on it can be used on App
Engine with modification. Django-nonrel aims to allow Django to work with non-
relational databases and the project includes support for App Engine.

Reliability and Support

 All billed App Engine applications have a 99.95% uptime SLA. App Engine is designed in
such a way that it can sustain multiple data center outages without any downtime.
 This resilience to downtime is shown by the statistic that the High Replication Data store
saw 0% downtime over a period of a year.
 Free support is offered in the App Engine Groups, Stack Overflow, Server Fault, and
GitHub. However, assistance by a Google staff member is not guaranteed. Paid support
from Google engineers is offered as part of Premier Accounts.

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Bulk downloading
 SDK version 1.2.2 adds support for bulk downloads of data using Python. The open source
Python projects gaebar, approcket, and gawsh also allow users to download and back up
App Engine data. No method for bulk downloading data from GAE using Java currently
exists

Restrictions
 Developers have read-only access to the filesystem on App Engine. Applications can use
only virtual filesystems, like gae-filestore.
 App Engine can only execute code called from an HTTP request (scheduled background
tasks allow for self-calling HTTP requests).
 Users may upload arbitrary Python modules, but only if they are pure-Python; C and Pyrex
modules are not supported.
 Java applications may only use a subset (The JRE Class White List) of the classes from the
JRE standard edition. This restriction does not exist with the App Engine Standard Java8
runtime.
 A process started on the server to answer a request can't last more than 60 seconds (with
the 1.4.0 release, this restriction does not apply to background jobs anymore).
 Does not support sticky sessions (a.k.a. session affinity), only replicated sessions are
supported including limitation of the amount of data being serialized and time for session
serialization.

Differences with other application hosting:

 Compared to other scalable hosting services such as Amazon EC2, App Engine provides
more infrastructure to make it easy to write scalable applications, but can only run a
limited range of applications designed for that infrastructure.
 App Engine's infrastructure removes many of the system administration and development
challenges of building applications to scale to hundreds of requests per second and beyond.

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 Google handles deploying code to a cluster, monitoring, failover, and launching

application instances as necessary.
 While other services let users install and configure nearly any *NIX compatible software,
App Engine requires developers to use only its supported languages, APIs, and
frameworks. Current APIs allow storing and retrieving data from the document-oriented
Google Cloud Datastore database; making HTTP requests; sending e-mail; manipulating
images; and caching.
 Google Cloud SQL can be used for App Engine applications requiring a relational MySQL
compatible database backend.
 Per-day and per-minute quotas restrict bandwidth and CPU use, number of requests served,
number of concurrent requests, and calls to the various APIs, and individual requests are
terminated if they take more than 60 seconds or return more than 32MB of data.

Differences between SQL and GQL

 Google App Engine's integrated Google Cloud Datastore database has a SQL-like syntax
called "GQL" (Google Query Language). GQL does not support the Join statement.
Instead, one-to-many and many-to-many relationships can be accomplished using
Reference Property.
 Google Firestore is the successor to Google Cloud Datastore and replaces GQL with a
document-based query method that treats stored objects as collections of documents

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Subject: - Cloud Computing

Unit: - Cloud Platforms in Industry
Unit: - 6

Microsoft Azure
There are many cloud computing platforms offered by different organizations. Windows Azure is
one of them, which is provided by Microsoft. Azure can be described as the managed data centers
that are used to build, deploy, manage the applications and provide services through a global
network. The services provided by Microsoft Azure are PaaS and IaaS. Many programming
languages and frameworks are supported by it.

Azure as PaaS (Platform as a Service)

As the name suggests, a platform is provided to clients to develop and deploy software. The
clients can focus on the application development rather than having to worry about hardware and
infrastructure. It also takes care of most of the operating systems, servers and networking issues.

Pros
 The overall cost is low as the resources are allocated on demand and servers are
automatically updated.
 It is less vulnerable as servers are automatically updated and being checked for all known
security issues. The whole process is not visible to developer and thus does not pose a risk
of data breach.
 Since new versions of development tools are tested by the Azure team, it becomes easy for
developers to move on to new tools. This also helps the developers to meet the customer’s
demand by quickly adapting to new versions.

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Cons
 There are portability issues with using PaaS. There can be a different environment at
Azure, thus the application might have to be adapted accordingly.

Azure as IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) It is a managed compute service that gives complete
control of the operating systems and the application platform stack to the application developers.
It lets the user to access, manage and monitor the data centers by themselves.

Azure as IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

It is a managed compute service that gives complete control of the operating systems and the
application platform stack to the application developers. It lets the user to access, manage and
monitor the data centers by themselves.

Pros
 This is ideal for the application where complete control is required. The virtual machine
can be completely adapted to the requirements of the organization or business.
 IaaS facilitates very efficient design time portability. This means application can be
migrated to Windows Azure without rework. All the application dependencies such as
database can also be migrated to Azure.
 aaS allows quick transition of services to clouds, which helps the vendors to offer services
to their clients easily. This also helps the vendors to expand their business by selling the
existing software or services in new markets.

Cons
 Since users are given complete control they are tempted to stick to a particular version for
the dependencies of applications. It might become difficult for them to migrate the
application to future versions.
 There are many factors which increases the cost of its operation. For example, higher
server maintenance for patching and upgrading software.

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 It is difficult to maintain legacy apps in Iaas. It can be stuck with the older version of the
operating systems and application stacks. Thus, resulting in applications that are difficult to
maintain and add new functionality over the period of time.

Azure Management Portal

Azure Management Portal is an interface to manage the services and infrastructure launched in
2012. All the services and applications are displayed in it and it lets the user manage them.

A free trial account can be created on Azure management portal by visiting the following link -
manage.windowsazure.com

Once logged in, you will be redirected to the following screen, where there is a list of services
and applications on the left panel.

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Software Development Kit (SDK)

Azure applications can be produced by the developers in various programming languages.
Microsoft currently provides language-specific SDKs for Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Ruby, and
Python. There is also a general Windows Azure SDK that supports language, such as C++.

Fabric Controller is a significant part of Windows Azure architecture.

Inside the datacenter, there are many machines or servers aggregated by a switch. We can say that
fabric controller is a brain of the azure service that analyses the processes and makes decisions.
Fabrics are group of machines in Microsoft’s datacenter which are aggregated by a switch. The
group of these machines is called cluster. Each cluster is managed and owned by a fabric
controller. They are replicated along with these machines. It manages everything inside those
machines, for e.g., load balancers, switches, etc. Each machine has a fabric agent running inside it
and fabric controller can communicate with each fabric agent.

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When a user chooses one of the virtual machine, the operating system, patch updates and
software updates are performed by fabric controller. It decides where the new application should
run which is one of the most important functions of Fabric Controller. It also selects the physical
server to optimize hardware utilization.

When a new application is published in Azure, an application configuration file written in XML
is also attached. The fabric controller reads those files in Microsoft datacenter and makes the
setting accordingly.

In addition to managing the allocation of resources to a specific application, it also monitors the
health of compute and storage services. It also makes the failure recoveries for a system.
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Imagine a situation where four instances of web role are running, and one of them dies. The
fabric controller will initiate a new instance to replace the dead one immediately. Similarly, in
case any virtual machine fails, a new one is assigned by the fabric controller. It also resets the
load balancers after assigning the new machine, so that it points to the new machine
instantaneously. Thus, all the intelligent tasks are performed by the Fabric Controller in Windows
Azure architecture.

The Storage component of Windows Azure represents a durable store in the cloud. Windows
Azure allows developers to store tables, blobs, and message queues. The storage can be accessed
through HTTP. You can also create our own client; although Windows Azure SDK provides a
client library for accessing the Storage.

The word ‘Blob’ expands to Binary Large OBject. Blobs include images, text files, videos and
audios. There are three types of blobs in the service offered by Windows Azure namely block,
append and page blobs.

Block blobs are collection of individual blocks with unique block ID. The block blobs allow the
users to upload large amount of data.

Append blobs are optimized blocks that helps in making the operations efficient.

Page blobs are compilation of pages. They allow random read and write operations. While
creating a blob, if the type is not specified they are set to block type by default. All the blobs must
be inside a container in your storage.

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Subject: - Cloud Computing

Unit: - Cloud Platforms in Industry
Unit: - 6

Amazon Web Services (or AWS) is a comprehensive cloud platform by e-commerce

giant Amazon. It provides Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) offerings.

AWS was launched in 2006, available to businesses and individuals as technology

infrastructure it had built and the knowledge it had acquired. AWS was one of the earliest pay-
as-you-go (PAYG) computing models that could scale throughput, storage and compute based
on the customer’s changing needs.

Amazon Web Services provides cloud services from tens of data centers and multiple
availability zones (AZs) spread across regions of the world. Each AZ contains multiple data
centers. Customers can setup virtual machines and replicate their data in multiple AZs in order
to have a highly resilient system that’s resistant to a server or data center failure

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The major AWS product categories below:

1. Compute

This is the flagship product of Amazon Web Services. Its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
provides instances (virtual servers) for cloud computing capacity. EC2 has numerous instance
types to choose from each of varying size and capacity. Instances are tailored to suit specific
applications and workload types such as accelerated computing and memory intensive jobs. It
has auto scaling to accommodate evolving performance, capacity and system health needs.
The EC2 Container Service and Registry provide images and Docker containers that
customers can work with.

2. Storage

Simple Storage Service (S3) is a scalable storage that’s ideal for archival, data backup and
analytics. Files and data are stored in units referred to as S3 objects, which can be up to 5 GB
in size. The objects are stored in S3 buckets for better organization. Businesses can cut their
costs of S3 storage by opting for the Infrequent Access tier or, for longer-term cold storage,
use Amazon Glacier.

Elastic Block Store is a service that provides persistent block storage that’s ideal for EC2
instances while the Elastic File System is a managed cloud-based storage service.

3. Data management

The Amazon Relational Database Service provides managed data services with options for
major databases including Amazon Aurora, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQL Server,
MariaDB and (through DynamoDB) NoSQL. Customers can use DynamoDB Accelerator and
Amazon Elastic ache as a cache for applications that require real-time command response.
Amazon Redshift is a data warehouse that simplifies the process of data analysis and business
intelligence.

4. Networking Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

service gives administrators firm control over an isolated portion of AWS cloud that forms
their own virtual network. Amazon Web Services provisions resources automatically within
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the VPC. Administrators can stay on top of network traffic with Network Load Balancer,
Application Load Balancer and other load balancing tools from Amazon Web Services.

5. Migration to Amazon Web Services

Many organizations that choose to subscribe to AWS already have an on-premises
server setup. AWS has various services and tools to help customers move their data,
databases, and applications from their on-premises servers to the public cloud. The
Migration Hub for instance makes it easier to centrally oversee and monitor the
migration from end to end. Once systems and data have been successfully moved to the
cloud, the EC2 Systems Manager allows the IT teams to configure AWS instances and
on-premises servers. AWS has partnered with several leading technology vendors such
as VMWare Cloud and Red Hat Enterprise Linux to streamline migration and hybrid
deployment.

6. Monitoring
Administrators can track and manage their AWS cloud via AWS Config, AWS Config
Rules and AWS Trusted Advisor. These help IT teams avoid needlessly expensive and
improperly configured cloud deployments. Administrators can also automate the
process of infrastructure and system provisioning and configuration with
CloudFormation templates, Chef and AWS OpsWork. They can monitor application
and resource health with CloudWatch and Personal Health Dashboard while using
CloudTrail to retain user activity and API calls for later auditing. There are many more
ideas on AWS monitoring including the user of third party tools.

ANEKA:

Aneka is the product of Manjarasoft. Aneka is used for developing, deploying and
managing cloud applications.
Aneka can be integrated with existing cloud technologies.
Aneka includes extensible set of APIs associated with programming models like
MapReduce.
These APIs supports different types of cloud models like private, public, hybrid cloud.

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Aneka framework:
Aneka is a pure PaaS solution for cloud computing.
Aneka is a cloud middleware product.
Aneka can be deployed on a network of computers, a multicore server, datacenters,
virtual cloud infrastructures, or a mixture of these.

Aneka container can be classified into three major categories: Fabric Services
Foundation Services Application Services

1. Fabric services:
Fabric Services define the lowest level of the software stack representing the Aneka
Container. They provide access to the resource-provisioning subsystem and to the
monitoring facilities implemented in Aneka.

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2. Foundation services:
Fabric Services are fundamental services of the Aneka Cloud and define the basic
infrastructure management features of the system. Foundation Services are related
to the logical management of the distributed system built on top of the infrastructure
and provide supporting services for the execution of distributed applications.
3. Application services:
Application Services manage the execution of applications and constitute a layer
that differentiates according to the specific programming model used for developing
distributed applications on top of Aneka.
The Aneka PaaS is built on a solid .NET service oriented architecture allowing
seamless integration between public Clouds and mainstream applications. The core
capabilities of the framework are expressed through its extensible and flexible
architecture as well as its powerful application models featuring support for several
distributed and parallel programming paradigms. These features enhance the
development experience of software developers allowing them to rapidly prototype
elastically scalable applications. Applications ranging from the media and
entertainment industry, to engineering, education, health and life sciences and several
others have been proven to be appropriate to the Aneka PaaS.
The integration of two platforms would give numerous benefits to not only the users of
Aneka PaaS but also the customers of Windows Azure Platform, enabling them to
embrace the advantages of Cloud computing in terms of more computing resources,
easier programming model, and more efficiency on application execution at lower
expense and lower administration overhead.

Cloud Computing Applications

 Protein structure prediction in Cloud Computing

 Now a days, cloud computing has a great significance in the fields of geology, biology, and
other scientific research areas.
 Protein structure prediction is the best example in research area that makes use of cloud
applications for its computation and storage.

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 A protein is composed of long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. The
various structures of protein help in the designing of new drugs and the various sequences
of proteins from its three-dimensional structure in predictive form is known as a Protein
structure prediction.
 Firstly, primary structures of proteins are formed and then prediction of the secondary,
tertiary and quaternary structures are done from the primary one. In this way predictions of
protein structures are done.
 Protein structure prediction also makes use of various other technologies like artificial
neural networks, artificial intelligence, machine learning and probabilistic techniques, also
holds great importance in fields like theoretical chemistry and bioinformatics.
 There are various algorithms and tools that exists for protein structure prediction. CASP
(Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction) is a well-known tool that provides
methods for automated web servers and the results of research work are placed on clouds
like CAMEO (Continuous Automated Model Evaluation) server.
 These servers can be accessed by anyone as per their requirements from any place.
 Some of the tools or servers used in protein structure prediction are Phobius, FoldX,
LOMETS, Prime, Predict protein, SignalP, BBSP, EVfold, Biskit, HHpred, Phre,
ESyired3D. Using these tools new structures are predicted and the results are placed on the
cloud-based servers.

 Data Analysis:
 Businesses have long used data analytics to help direct their strategy to
maximize profits.
 Ideally data analytics helps eliminate much of the guesswork involved in
trying to understand clients, instead systemically tracking data patterns to
best construct business tactics and operations to minimize uncertainty.
 Not only does analytics determine what might attract new customers, often
analytics recognizes existing patterns in data to help better serve existing
customers, which is typically more cost effective than establishing new
business.
 In an ever-changing business world subject to countless variants, analytics
gives companies the edge in recognizing changing climates so they can take
initiate appropriate action to stay competitive.

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 Alongside analytics, cloud computing is also helping make business more

effective and the consolidation of both clouds and analytics could help
businesses store, interpret, and process their big data to better meet their
clients’ needs.

The Best Uses of Data Analytics:

1. Social Media:
A popular use for cloud data analytics is compounding and interpreting social media
activity. Before cloud drives became practical, it was difficult processing activity across
various social media sites, especially if the data was stored on different servers. Cloud
drives allow for the simultaneous examination of social media site data so results can be
quickly quantified and time and attention allocated accordingly.
2. Tracking Products:
Amazon.com uses data analytics on cloud drives to track products across their series
warehouses and ship items anywhere as needed, regardless of items proximity to
customers. Alongside Amazon’s use of cloud drives and remote analysis, they are also a
leader in big data analysis services thanks to their Redshift initiative. Redshift gives
smaller organizations many of the same analysis tools and storage capabilities as Amazon
and acts as an information warehouse, preventing smaller businesses from having to spend
money on extensive hardware.
3. Tracking Preference:
Netflix has received a lot of attention for its DVD deliver service and the collection of
movies hosted on their website. One of the highlights of their website is its movie
recommendations, which tracks the movies users watch and recommends others they might
enjoy, providing a service to clients while supporting the use of their product. All user
information is remotely stored on cloud drives so users’ preferences do not change from
computer to computer. Because Netflix retained all their users’ preferences and tastes in
movies and television, they were able to create a television show that statistically appealed
to a large portion of their audience based on their demonstrated taste.
4. Keeping Records:
Cloud analytics allows for the simultaneous recording and processing of data regardless of
proximity to local servers. Companies can track the sales of an item from all their branches
or franchises across and adjust their production and shipments as necessary. If a product
does not sell well, they do not need to wait for inventory reports from area stores and can

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instead remotely manage inventories from data automatically uploaded to cloud drives.
The data stored to clouds helps make business run more efficiently and gives companies a
better understanding of their customers’ behavior.

 Satellite Image Processing:

 Satellite Image Processing is an important field in research and development and consists
of the images of earth and satellites taken by the means of artificial satellites.
 Firstly, the photographs are taken in digital form and later are processed by the computers
to extract the information. Statistical methods are applied to the digital images and after
processing the various discrete surfaces are identified by analyzing the pixel values.
 The satellite imagery is widely used to plan the infrastructures or to monitor the
environmental conditions or to detect the responses of upcoming disasters.
 In broader terms we can say that the Satellite Image Processing is a kind of remote sensing
which works on pixel resolutions to collect coherent information about the earth surface.

 Majorly there are four kinds of resolutions associated with satellite imagery.
These are:
1. Spatial resolution –
It is determined by the sensors Instantaneous Field of View(IFoV) and is defined as the
pixel size of an image that is visible to the human eye being measured on the ground. Since
it has high resolving power or the ability to separate and hence is termed as Spatial
Resolution.
2. Spectral resolution –
This resolution measures the wavelength internal size and determines the number of
wavelength intervals that the sensor measures.
3. Temporal resolution –
The word temporal is associated with time or days and is defined as the time that passes
between various imagery cloud periods.
4. Radiometric resolution –
This resolution provides the actual characteristics of the image and is generally expressed
in bits size. It gives the effective bit depth and records the various levels of brightness of
imaging system.

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CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management and is a software that is hosted in
cloud so that the users can access the information using internet. CRM software provides
high level of security and scalability to its users and can be easily used on mobile phones to
access the data. Some of the major CRM vendors include Oracle Siebel, Mother node
CRM, Microsoft Dynamics CRM, Infor CRM, SAGE CRM, NetSuite CRM.

Advantages:
1. High reliability, flexibility and scalability
2. Easy to use
3. Highly secured
4. Easily accessible

ERP is an abbreviation for Entity Resource Planning and is a software similar to CRM
that is hosted on cloud servers which helps the enterprises to manage and manipulate their
business data as per their needs and user requirements.
ERP software follows pay per use methodologies of payment, that is at the end of the
month, the enterprise pay the amount as per the cloud resources utilized by them. There are
various ERP vendors available like Oracle, SAP, Epicor, SAGE, Microsoft Dynamics,
Lawson Softwares and many more.
Advantages:
1. Cost effective
2. High mobility
3. Increase in productivity
4. No security issues
5. Scalable and efficient

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Subject: - Cloud Computing

Unit: - Cloud Platforms in Industry
Unit: - 6

 Social Applications:
Social cloud applications allow a large number of users to connect with each other
using social networking applications such as Facebook, Twitter, Linkedln, etc. There
are the following cloud based social applications –
1. Facebook:
Facebook is a social networking website which allows active users to share files,
photos, videos, status, more to their friends, relatives, and business partners using
the cloud storage system. On Facebook, we will always get notifications when our
friends like and comment on the posts.
2. Twitter:
Twitter is a social networking site. It is a microblogging system. It allows users to
follow high profile celebrities, friends, relatives, and receive news. It sends and
receives short posts called tweets.

3. Yammer
Yammer is the best team collaboration tool that allows a team of employees to chat,
share images, documents, and videos.
4. Linked
In LinkedIn is a social network for students, freshers, and professionals.
5. Business Applications
Business applications are based on cloud service providers. Today, every
organization requires the cloud business application to grow their business. It also

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ensures that business applications are 24*7 available to users. There are the
following business applications of cloud computing –
6. MailChimp
MailChimp is an email publishing platform which provides various options to
design, send, and save templates for emails.
7. Salesforce:
Salesforce platform provides tools for sales, service, marketing, ecommerce, and
more. It also provides a cloud development platform.
8. Bitrix24
Bitrix24 is a collaboration platform which provides communication, management,
and social collaboration tools.
9. Paypal
Paypal offers the simplest and easiest online payment mode using a secure internet
account. Paypal accepts the payment through debit cards, credit cards, and also
from Paypal account holders.
10. Slack
Slack stands for Searchable Log of all Conversation and Knowledge. It provides a
user-friendly interface that helps us to create public and private channels for
communication.
11. Quick books
Quick books work on the terminology "Run Enterprise anytime,
anywhere, on any device." It provides online accounting solutions for the business.
It allows more than 20 users to work simultaneously on the same system.
12. Chatter
Chatter helps us to share important information about the organization in real time.

 Scientific Applications:
Scientific applications is a kind of numerical calculation, and it is mathematical
calculation in computer processing of scientific research and engineering. Scientific

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computing involves the construction of mathematical models and numeric solution

techniques to solve scientific, social scientific and engineering problems.
These models often requires a huge number of computing resources to perform
large scale experiments and meet with a great quantity of complex mathematical
calculations. Along with the rapid development of computer hardware technology,
these needs have been initially addressed with dedicated High-Performance
Computing (HPC) infrastructures such as clusters or super computers. However, the
cost of construction and maintenance is high. Cloud computing can solve these
problems by means of virtualizations technologies, cloud computing offers to end
user a variety of services covering the entire computing stack, from the hardware to
the applications level, by charging the entire computing stack, from the hardware to
the applications level, by charging them on a pay per use basis.
By using cloud-based technologies scientist can have easy access to large
distributed infrastructure and completely customize their execution environment,
thus providing the perfect setup for their experiments.
There are enough options available to scientist to cover any specific need for their
research.

 Federated Cloud Computing/Inter cloud Third Party

Infrastructure:
 Cloud computing allows users to access computing services and resources on demand
without having to buy their own infrastructures, and to pay only for what they use.
 Many cloud companies— such as Amazon and Google—have developed their own
platforms featuring proprietary interfaces, which isn’t a problem as long as a single
provider can fully satisfy its customers.
 Intercloud address single-provider approaches, limitations such as the lack of
interoperability between platforms, limited resources being exhausted during times of
peak customer demand, service interruptions, and quality of-service (QoS) degradation.
 However, the lack of standardization for interconnecting platforms makes it difficult for
customers who need the combined services or resources of multiple providers.
 This often results in users being locked into specific providers and platforms. This issue
has led to the idea of interconnected clouds, also known as intercloud.

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 An intercloud is a cloud of clouds

It is a large cloud comprising many smaller clouds, each having its own
characteristics and serving different needs. An intercloud implementation could be
any one or combination of :
A. Hybrid clouds: In which private clouds access the resources of public clouds
without the latter being aware of their participation
B. Multiclouds: Which utilize libraries from applications that enable the use of
resources from multiple clouds, without any of them being aware of their
participation
C. Sky computing: An emerging model in which resources from multiple cloud
service providers (CSPs) create a large, distributed, virtual infrastructure able to
support the establishment of trust between different clouds that might not be
configured to trust or even recognize one another.

 Cloud Federations:
 An interconnected set of heterogeneous public and/or private clouds from
voluntarily participating users and providers.
 Cloud Federation, also known as Federated Cloud is the deployment and
management of several external and internal cloud computing services to match
business needs. It is a multi-national cloud system that integrates private,
community, and public clouds into scalable computing platforms. Federated cloud
is created by connecting the cloud environment of different cloud providers using a
common standard.

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The Architecture of Federated Cloud: It consists of three basic components:

1. Cloud Exchange
The Cloud Exchange acts as a mediator between cloud coordinator and cloud broker.
The demands of the cloud broker are mapped by the cloud exchange to the available
services provided by the cloud coordinator. The cloud exchange has a track record of
what is the present cost, demand patterns, and available cloud providers, and this
information is periodically reformed by the cloud coordinator.
2. Cloud Coordinator:
The cloud coordinator assigns the resources of the cloud to the remote users based on the
quality of service they demand and the credits they have in the cloud bank. The cloud
enterprises and their membership are managed by the cloud controller.
3. Cloud Broker
The cloud broker interacts with the cloud coordinator, analyzes the Service-level
agreement and the resources offered by several cloud providers in cloud exchange.
Cloud broker finalizes the most suitable deal for their client.

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Properties of Federated Cloud:

1. In the federated cloud, the users can interact with the architecture either centrally or in
a decentralized manner. In centralized interaction, the user interacts with a broker to
mediate between them and the organization. Decentralized interaction permits the user to
interact directly with the clouds in the federation.
2. Federated cloud can be practiced with various markets like commercial and non-
commercial.
3. The visibility of a federated cloud assists the user to interpret the organization of
several clouds in the federated environment.
4. Federated cloud can be monitored in two ways:
MaaS (Monitoring as a Service) provides information that aids in tracking contracted
services to the user.
Global monitoring aids in maintaining the federated cloud.
5. The providers who participate in the federation publish their offers to a central entity.
The user interacts with this central entity to verify the prices and propose an offer.
6. The marketing objects like infrastructure, software, and platform have to pass through
federation when consumed in the federated cloud.
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Benefits of Federated Cloud:

1. It minimizes the consumption of energy.
2. It increases reliability.
3. It minimizes the time and cost of providers due to dynamic scalability.
4. It connects various cloud service providers globally. The providers may buy and sell
services on demand.
5. It provides easy scaling up of resources.

Challenges in Federated Cloud:

1. In cloud federation, it is common to have more than one provider for processing the
incoming demands. In such cases, there must be a scheme needed to distribute the
incoming demands equally among the cloud service providers.
2. The increasing requests in cloud federation have resulted in more heterogeneous
infrastructure, making interoperability an area of concern. It becomes a challenge for
cloud users to select relevant cloud service providers and therefore, it ties them to a
particular cloud service provider.
3. A federated cloud means constructing a seamless cloud environment that can interact
with people, different devices, several application interfaces, and other entities.

Federated Cloud technologies:

The technologies that aid the cloud federation and cloud services are:
1. Open Nebula
It is a cloud computing platform for managing heterogeneous distributed data center
infrastructures. It can use the resources of its interoperability, leveraging existing
information technology assets, protecting the deals, and adding the application
programming interface (API).
2. Aneka coordinator
The Aneka coordinator is a proposition of the Aneka services and Aneka peer
components (network architectures) which give the cloud ability and performance to
interact with other cloud services.
3. Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus defines the pooling computational, storage, and network resources that
can be measured scaled up or down as application workloads change in the utilization
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of the software. It is an open-source framework that performs the storage, network,

and many other computational resources to access the cloud environment.

 Third Party Cloud Computing Infrastructure: The number of business have

switched from using a local server or computer for the storing, processing and
management of data. As an alternative, they use a network of remote servers that
are hosted on the Internet. Third party cloud computing is essentially when the
cloud is managed by an external company rather than internally.
Advantages

1. Skilled company with all the resources :

When using a third party for cloud computing infrastructure you know you are
benefitting from a service where by the staff are highly trained in this field and the
company has all the Resources necessary. It’s unlikely you would have this if you
were to opt for a personal cloud, meaning lots of time and Money would need to be
invested.

2. Security benefits –
A lot of companies feel more secure putting their data in the hands of an experienced
cloud computing provider rather than jumping into the unknown and trying to
manage the security of their pivotal data themselves.
4. Cost advantages –
Third party clouds are particularly advantageous for small businesses and such like
since they do not require huge outlays. To be able to bring your infrastructure in-
house you would need to make a sizeable investment
5. Maintenance and support –
If something goes wrong it is the duty of the provider to ensure the problem is fixed.
Security worries - Concerns about security is one of the main reasons why businesses
consider bringing their cloud infrastructure in-house. By doing this, you are entirely
responsible for the security of your data. Yet, time and resources will need to be
heavily invested to get it right.
6. Lack of control –

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With third party cloud computing you have minimal control over the likes of how
quickly you can expand the cloud, the granularity of its management, how it is used
and deployed, and such like.
7. Potential cost drawbacks - If you were to go down the route of a personal cloud you
would be able to keep your on-going costs to a minimum, although the upfront
expenses will likely be high. Also, with third party computing you will need to pay
for more space whenever you run out.
As you can see, there are pros and cons associated with third party cloud computing.
There is no right or wrong answer when it comes to determining whether this is an
effective solution. It all depends on your business and what is right for you. Personal
clouds can be successful, but only if you have the skill and resources to be able to
build and manage the cloud. If not, it’s not a risk worth taking

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