2021 2 11 8 Workbook

2021년 고2 11월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 8단계 WORKBOOK
본문 해석지
영문과 해석을 읽으며 문장의 의미를 파악합니다.
18번
To whom it may concern, 관계자분께,

I am a parent of a high school student who takes the 145 저는 Clarkson 고등학교로 통학하기 위해
bus to commute to Clarkson High School. 145번 버스를 타는 고등학생의 부모입니다.
This is the only public transport available from our area 이것은 우리 지역에서 이용할 수 있는 유일
and is used by many students. 한 대중교통이며 많은 학생들에 의해 이용
됩니다.
Recently, I heard that the city council is planning to 최근 저는 시 의회가 이 서비스를 중단하는
것을 계획하고 있다고 들었습니다.
discontinue this service.
My husband and I start work early in the morning and 제 남편과 저는 아침 일찍 일을 시작하며
this makes it impossible for us to drop our son off at 이 점이 저희가 아들을 학교에 태워다주는
school. 것을 불가능하게 합니다.
제 아들이 학교에 걸어가는 데는 거의 한

It would take him nearly an hour to walk to school and
시간이 걸릴 것이며 아침에는 교통량이 많
there is a lot of traffic in the morning, so I do not 아서 저는 자전거를 타는 것이 안전하다고
consider it safe to bike. 생각하지 않습니다.
This matter will place many families, including ours, under 이런 문제점은 저희를 포함한 많은 가족들
a lot of stress. As a resident of Sunnyville, I think such a 을 엄청난 곤경에 처하게 할 것입니다.
Sunnyville의 거주자로서 저는 그러한 계획
plan is unacceptable.
을 받아들이기 어렵다고 생각합니다.
I urge the council to listen to the concerns of the 저는 의회가 지역 사회의 우려를 경청할 것
community. 을 촉구하는 바입니다.
Sincerely, Lucy Jackson 드림
Lucy Jackson
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WORKBOOK – Part 1 2021년 고2 11월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 - 18번
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
영문을 보고 우리말 해석의 빈칸을 완성하시오.
1. To whom it may concern,

I am a parent of a high school student who takes the 145 bus to commute to Clarkson High
School.1)
관계자분께,
저는 Clarkson 고등학교로 ______________기 위해 145번 버스를 타는 고등학생의 부모입니다.
2. This is the only public transport available from our area and is used by many students.2)
이것은 우리 지역에서 ______________ 유일한 ______________이며 많은 학생들에 의해 이용됩니다.
3. Recently, I heard that the city council is planning to discontinue this service.3)
최근 저는 시 ______________가 이 서비스를 ______________는 것을 계획하고 있다고 들었습니다.
4. My husband and I start work early in the morning and this makes it impossible for us to drop
our son off at school.4)
제 남편과 저는 아침 일찍 일을 시작하며 이 점이 저희가 아들을 학교______________ 는 것을
______________ 합니다.
5. It would take him nearly an hour to walk to school and there is a lot of traffic in the morning,
so I do not consider it safe to bike.5)
제 아들이 학교에 걸어가는 데는 거의 한 시간이 걸릴 것이며 아침에는 ______________이 많아서 저는
자전거를 타는 것이 안전하다고 ______________지 않습니다.
6. This matter will place many families, including ours, under a lot of stress. As a resident of
Sunnyville, I think such a plan is unacceptable.6)
이런 문제점은 저희를 포함한 많은 가족들을 엄청난 ______________에 처하게 할 것입니다. Sunnyville
의 ______________로서 저는 그러한 계획을 ______________ 다고 생각합니다.
7. I urge the council to listen to the concerns of the community.

Sincerely,
Lucy Jackson7)
저는 의회가 ______________ 의 ______________를 경청할 것을 ______________는 바입니다.
Lucy Jackson 드림
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Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문)
우리말 해석을 보고 영문의 빈칸을 완성하시오.
1. 관계자분께,
저는 Clarkson 고등학교로 통학하기 위해 145번 버스를 타는 고등학생의 부모입니다.1)
To whom it may concern,
I am a parent of a high school student who takes the 145 bus to ______________ to Clarkson High
School.
2. 이것은 우리 지역에서 이용할 수 있는 유일한 대중교통이며 많은 학생들에 의해 이용됩니다.2)

This is the only ______________ ______________ ______________ from our area and is used by many
students.
3. 최근 저는 시 의회가 이 서비스를 중단하는 것을 계획하고 있다고 들었습니다.3)

Recently, I heard that the city ______________ is planning to ______________ this service.
4. 제 남편과 저는 아침 일찍 일을 시작하며 이 점이 저희가 아들을 학교에 태워다주는 것을 불가능하

게 합니다.4)
My husband and I start work early in the morning and this makes it ______________ for us to
______________ our son ______________ ______________ school.
5. 제 아들이 학교에 걸어가는 데는 거의 한 시간이 걸릴 것이며 아침에는 교통량이 많아서 저는 자전

거를 타는 것이 안전하다고 생각하지 않습니다.5)
It would take him nearly an hour to walk to school and there is a lot of ______________ in the
morning, so I do not ______________ it safe to bike.
6. 이런 문제점은 저희를 포함한 많은 가족들을 엄청난 곤경에 처하게 할 것입니다. Sunnyville의 거주자
로서 저는 그러한 계획을 받아들이기 어렵다고 생각합니다.6)
This matter will place many families, including ours, under a lot of ______________. As a
______________ of Sunnyville, I think such a plan is ______________.
7. 저는 의회가 지역 사회의 우려를 경청할 것을 촉구하는 바입니다.

Lucy Jackson 드림7)
I ______________ the council to listen to the ______________ of the ______________.
Sincerely,
Lucy Jackson
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Part 3. 해석 연습
영어 문장을 읽고 한글 해석을 쓰시오.
1. To whom it may concern,

I am a parent of a high school student who takes the 145 bus to commute to Clarkson High
School.1)
2. This is the only public transport available from our area and is used by many students.2)
3. Recently, I heard that the city council is planning to discontinue this service.3)
4. My husband and I start work early in the morning and this makes it impossible for us to drop
our son off at school.4)
5. It would take him nearly an hour to walk to school and there is a lot of traffic in the morning,
so I do not consider it safe to bike.5)
6. This matter will place many families, including ours, under a lot of stress. As a resident of
Sunnyville, I think such a plan is unacceptable.6)
7. I urge the council to listen to the concerns of the community.

Sincerely,
Lucy Jackson7)
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Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
괄호 안에서 어법상 쓰임이 바른 것을 고르시오.
1. 관계자분께,
To whom it may concern, I am a parent of a high school student who [take / takes] the 145
bus to commute to Clarkson High School.

This is the only public transport [available / availably] from our area and [are / is] used by many
students.

Recently, I heard [that / what] the city council is [planned / planning] to discontinue this service.

게 합니다.4)
My husband and I start work early in the morning and this makes it [impossibly / impossible]
[for / of] us to drop our son off at school.

It would take him nearly an hour to walk to school and there is a lot of traffic in the morning,
so I do not consider [that / it] [safely / safe] to bike.
This matter will place many families, including ours, under a lot of stress. As a resident of
Sunnyville, I think [a such / such a] plan is unacceptable.

I urge the council [to listen / listening] to the concerns of the community.
Sincerely,
Lucy Jackson
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Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)
다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 바르게 배열하시오.
1. 관계자분께,
(student / a parent / I / a high school / of / am) (Clarkson High School / to / commute / who
/ the 145 bus / takes / to)

(public / area / our / is / the only / from / this / available / transport) and (students / is / by /
used / many).

Recently, (heard / the / that / to / council / is / this / discontinue / service / planning / city / I).

게 합니다.4)
(husband / start / I / my / work early / and) in the morning and (us / at / it / drop our son /
school / off / for / to / impossible / makes / this).

(school / to / nearly an hour / take / to / it / him / would / walk) and (morning / a lot of /
traffic / the / in / is / there), so (I / consider / do / it / to / safe / bike / not).
- 6 -
(this / will / place / many / families / matter), including ours, (stress / of / lot / under / a).
(resident / of / Sunnyville / a / as), (such / I / unacceptable / plan / is / think / a).

(to / to / the council / I / urge / listen / the community / of / the concerns)
Sincerely,
Lucy Jackson
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Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
다음 주어진 문단을 바르게 배열하시오.
◆ 다음 글을 흐름상 알맞게 배열하시오.1)
(A) My husband and I start work early in the morning and this makes it impossible for us to drop
our son off at school. It would take him nearly an hour to walk to school and there is a lot of
traffic in the morning, so I do not consider it safe to bike.
(B) This matter will place many families, including ours, under a lot of stress. As a resident of
Sunnyville, I think such a plan is unacceptable. I urge the council to listen to the concerns of
the community.
(C) I am a parent of a high school student who takes the 145 bus to commute to Clarkson High
School. This is the only public transport available from our area and is used by many students.
Recently, I heard that the city council is planning to discontinue this service.
Sincerely,
Lucy Jackson
___________ → ___________ → ___________
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Part 7. 영작 연습
다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 순서대로 사용하여 영작하시오.
1. 관계자분께,
a parent, who, take, commute

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ the 145 bus ______________ ______________
______________ Clarkson High School.
this, only, transport, available, use, many

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
from our area and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
hear, that, council, plan, discontinue

Recently, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
4. 제 남편과 저는 아침 일찍 일을 시작하며 이 점이 저희가 우리 아들을 학교에 태워다주는 것을 불가

능하게 합니다.4)
start, work, this, make, it, drop, son, at

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ early in the
morning and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 9 -

it, would, take, a lot of, traffic, consider, it, safe, bike
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ nearly an hour ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ in the morning, so ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
matter, place, many, under, a lot of, stress, resident, think, such, unacceptable
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, including ours,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ Sunnyville, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
7. 저는 의회가 지역 사회의 우려들을 경청할 것을 촉구하는 바입니다.

urge, listen, the concern

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
Sincerely,
Lucy Jackson
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본문 해석지
19번
One Friday afternoon, Ted was called to the vice president 어느 금요일 오후 Ted는 인사과의 부사장에
of human resources. Ted sat down, beaming in 게 호출되었다. Ted는 기대감에 차 밝게 웃
anticipation. 으며 앉았다.
Today was the big day and this meeting would mark a 오늘은 중요한 날이었으며 이 만남은 그의
turning point in his career! 경력에 있어 전환점을 찍게 될 것이었다!
Ted felt sure that it was for his promotion and that the Ted는 이것이 자신의 승진을 위한 자리이며
부사장이 자신을 마케팅 매니저로 만들어줄
vice president would make him the marketing manager.
것이라고 확신했다.
“Ted, there is no easy way to say this.” Ted suddenly “Ted, 이런 말을 하기가 쉽지는 않네요.”
Ted는 돌연 이 만남이 자신이 예상했던 대
realized this meeting wasn’t going to be as he expected.
로 되지는 않을 것임을 깨달았다. Ted의 머
Ted’s mind went blank. 릿속이 하얘졌다.
The vice president continued, “Ted, I know you’ve 부사장은 계속해서 말을 이어 나갔다. “Ted,
desperately wanted this promotion, but we decided Mike 당신이 이번 승진을 간절히 원해 왔다는 것
is more suitable.” 을 알고 있지만, 우리는 Mike가 더 적합하
다고 결정했습니다.”
Ted just sat there, frozen. He felt as if he had been hit by Ted는 얼어붙은 채 그저 그곳에 앉아 있었
a truck. Don’t panic. 다. 그는 마치 트럭에 치인 것 같은 기분이
었다. ‘당황하지 말자.’
All he was able to do was repeat that sentence over and 그가 할 수 있었던 전부라고는 그 문장을
계속해서 자신에게 되풀이하는 것뿐이었다.
over to himself.
- 11 -
1. One Friday afternoon, Ted was called to the vice president of human resources. Ted sat down,
beaming in anticipation.1)
어느 금요일 오후 Ted는 ______________의 부사장에게 호출되었다. Ted는 ______________ ______________
며 앉았다.
2. Today was the big day and this meeting would mark a turning point in his career!2)
오늘은 중요한 날이었으며 이 만남은 그의 ______________에 있어 ______________ 게 될 것이었다!
3. Ted felt sure that it was for his promotion and that the vice president would make him the
marketing manager.3)
Ted는 이것이 자신의 ______________을 위한 자리이며 부사장이 자신을 마케팅 매니저로 만들어줄 것
이라고 확신했다.
4. “Ted, there is no easy way to say this.” Ted suddenly realized this meeting wasn’t going to be as
he expected. Ted’s mind went blank.4)
“Ted, 이런 말을 하기가 쉽지는 않네요.” Ted는 돌연 이 만남이 자신이 ______________던 대로 되지는
않을 것임을 ______________. Ted의 머릿속이 ______________.
5. The vice president continued, “Ted, I know you’ve desperately wanted this promotion, but we
decided Mike is more suitable.”5)
부사장은 계속해서 말을 이어 나갔다. “Ted, 당신이 이번 승진을 ______________ 원해 왔다는 것을 알
고 있지만, 우리는 Mike가 더 ______________다고 결정했습니다.”
6. Ted just sat there, frozen. He felt as if he had been hit by a truck. Don’t panic.6)
Ted는 ______________ 채 그저 그곳에 앉아 있었다. 그는 마치 트럭에 치인 것 같은 기분이었다.
‘______________지 말자.’
7. All he was able to do was repeat that sentence over and over to himself.7)
그가 할 수 있었던 전부라고는 그 ______________을 ______________ 자신에게 ______________는 것뿐이었다.
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1. 어느 금요일 오후 Ted는 인사과의 부사장에게 호출되었다. Ted는 기대감에 차 밝게 웃으며 앉았다.1)

One Friday afternoon, Ted was called to the vice president of ______________ ______________. Ted sat
down, ______________ ______________ ______________.
2. 오늘은 중요한 날이었으며 이 만남은 그의 경력에 있어 전환점을 찍게 될 것이었다!2)

Today was the big day and this meeting would ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ in his ______________!
3. Ted는 이것이 자신의 승진을 위한 자리이며 부사장이 자신을 마케팅 매니저로 만들어줄 것이라고 확
신했다.3)
Ted felt sure that it was for his ______________ and that the vice president would make him the
marketing manager.
4. “Ted, 이런 말을 하기가 쉽지는 않네요.” Ted는 돌연 이 만남이 자신이 예상했던 대로 되지는 않을

것임을 깨달았다. Ted의 머릿속이 하얘졌다.4)
“Ted, there is no easy way to say this.” Ted suddenly ______________ this meeting wasn’t going to
be as he ______________. Ted’s mind ______________ ______________.
5. 부사장은 계속해서 말을 이어 나갔다. “Ted, 당신이 이번 승진을 간절히 원해 왔다는 것을 알고 있지

만, 우리는 Mike가 더 적합하다고 결정했습니다.”5)
The vice president continued, “Ted, I know you’ve ______________ wanted this promotion, but we
decided Mike is more ______________.”
6. Ted는 얼어붙은 채 그저 그곳에 앉아 있었다. 그는 마치 트럭에 치인 것 같은 기분이었다. ‘당황하지

말자.’6)
Ted just sat there, ______________. He felt as if he had been hit by a truck. Don’t ______________.
7. 그가 할 수 있었던 전부라고는 그 문장을 계속해서 자신에게 되풀이하는 것뿐이었다.7)

All he was able to do was ______________ that ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ to himself.
- 13 -
1. One Friday afternoon, Ted was called to the vice president of human resources. Ted sat down,
beaming in anticipation.1)
2. Today was the big day and this meeting would mark a turning point in his career!2)
3. Ted felt sure that it was for his promotion and that the vice president would make him the
marketing manager.3)
4. “Ted, there is no easy way to say this.” Ted suddenly realized this meeting wasn’t going to be as
he expected. Ted’s mind went blank.4)
5. The vice president continued, “Ted, I know you’ve desperately wanted this promotion, but we
decided Mike is more suitable.”5)
6. Ted just sat there, frozen. He felt as if he had been hit by a truck. Don’t panic.6)
7. All he was able to do was repeat that sentence over and over to himself.7)
- 14 -

One Friday afternoon, Ted [was called / called] to the vice president of human resources. Ted sat
down, beaming in anticipation.

Today was the big day and this meeting [would / will] mark a turning point in his career!
신했다.3)
Ted felt sure [which / that] it was for his promotion and that the vice president would make him
the marketing manager.

“Ted, there is no easy way to say this.” Ted suddenly realized this meeting wasn’t going to be as
he [was expected / expected]. Ted’s mind went blank.

The vice president continued, “Ted, I know you’ve desperately [wanting / wanted] this promotion,
but we decided Mike is more [suitably / suitable].”

말자.’6)
Ted just sat there, frozen. He felt as if he [had / had been] hit by a truck. Don’t panic.

All he was able to do [were / was] repeat that sentence over and over to himself.
- 15 -

One Friday afternoon, (was / the / called / Ted / to / vice / of / resources / president / human).
Ted sat down, (in / beaming / anticipation).

(the / was / big / today / day) and (turning / in / point / would / his / meeting / mark / this /
career / a)!
신했다.3)
(it / for / that / promotion / his / was / felt / sure / Ted) and (that / marketing / the / the /
make / vice / would / him / manager / president).

“Ted, (there / way / to / easy / this / is / no / say).” (be / suddenly realized / wasn’t / going /
Ted / this / meeting / to) (as / he / expected). (mind / went / blank / Ted’s)

The vice president continued, “Ted, (know / promotion / desperately wanted / you’ve / I / this),
but (Mike / we / decided / more / is / suitable).”

말자.’6)
Ted just sat there, frozen. He felt (a truck / hit / by / as if / been / had / he). Don’t panic.

(do / was / able / to / all / he) (over / sentence / that / was / repeat / over / and) to himself.
- 16 -
(A) One Friday afternoon, Ted was called to the vice president of human resources. Ted sat down,
beaming in anticipation. Today was the big day and this meeting would mark a turning point in
his career!
(B) The vice president continued, “Ted, I know you’ve desperately wanted this promotion, but we
decided Mike is more suitable.” Ted just sat there, frozen. He felt as if he had been hit by a
truck. Don’t panic.
(C) Ted felt sure that it was for his promotion and that the vice president would make him the
marketing manager. “Ted, there is no easy way to say this.” Ted suddenly realized this meeting
wasn’t going to be as he expected. Ted’s mind went blank.
(D) All he was able to do was repeat that sentence over and over to himself.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 17 -
call, the vice president, of, beam, anticipation

One Friday afternoon, Ted ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. Ted sat down, ______________ ______________
______________.

meeting, would, mark, turning, career
Today was the big day and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________!
신했다.3)
feel, sure, that, it, promotion, would, make

Ted ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ the marketing manager.

there, no, easy, way, say, this, be going to, expect, blank
“Ted, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.” Ted suddenly realized ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ as ______________ ______________. Ted’s mind ______________
______________.
- 18 -

know, want, decide, suitable

The vice president continued, “Ted, ______________ ______________ you’ve desperately ______________
______________ ______________, but ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________.”

말자.’6)
hit, a truck
Ted just sat there, frozen. He felt as if ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________. Don’t panic.
all, able, repeat, that

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ over and over ______________ ______________.
- 19 -
본문 해석지
20번
In 2003, British Airways made an announcement that they 2003년에 영국 항공은 자신들이 더 이상 런
던에서 뉴욕까지 가는 콩코드 항공편을 하
would no longer be able to operate the London to New
루에 두 번 운항할 수 없을 것이라고 발표
York Concorde flight twice a day because it was starting
했는데 왜냐하면 그것이 경제성이 없는 것
to prove uneconomical. 으로 드러나기 시작하고 있었기 때문이었다.
Well, the sales for the flight on this route increased the 그런데 바로 다음날 이 노선의 항공편 판매
very next day. 가 증가했다.
There was nothing that changed about the route or the 노선이나 항공사에 의해 제공되는 서비스에
service offered by the airlines. 있어서 달라진 것은 아무것도 없었다.
Merely because it became a scarce resource, the demand 단지 그것이 부족한 자원이 되었기 때문에
그것에 대한 수요가 증가했다.
for it increased.
If you are interested in persuading people, then the 만약에 여러분이 사람들을 설득하는 데에
principle of scarcity can be effectively used. 관심이 있다면, 희소성의 원리가 효과적으로
사용될 수 있다.
If you are a salesperson trying to increase the sales of a 만약 여러분이 특정 상품의 판매를 증가시
키려 노력하는 판매원이라면, 여러분은 단지
certain product, then you must not merely point out the
고객이 언급된 상품으로부터 얻을 수 있는
benefits the customer can derive from the said product, 혜택을 강조할 뿐만이 아니라 그것의 유일
but also point out its uniqueness and what they will miss 함과 만약에 그들이 그 상품을 빨리 구매하
out on if they don’t purchase the product soon. 지 않는다면 그들이 무엇을 놓치게 될 것인
지를 또한 강조해야만 한다.
In selling, you should keep in mind that the more limited 판매에 있어 여러분은 무언가가 더 한정적
일수록 그것이 더 가치 있게 된다는 것을
something is, the more desirable it becomes.
명심해야 한다.
- 20 -
1. In 2003, British Airways made an announcement that they would no longer be able to operate
the London to New York Concorde flight twice a day because it was starting to prove
uneconomical.1)
2003년에 영국 항공은 자신들이 더 이상 런던에서 뉴욕까지 가는 콩코드 항공편을 하루에 두 번
______________ 수 없을 것이라고 ______________는데 왜냐하면 그것이 ______________ 것으로 드러나기 시
작하고 있었기 때문이었다.
2. Well, the sales for the flight on this route increased the very next day.2)
그런데 바로 다음날 이 ______________의 항공편 ______________가 증가했다.
3. There was nothing that changed about the route or the service offered by the airlines.3)
노선이나 항공사에 의해 ______________는 서비스에 있어서 달라진 것은 아무것도 없었다.
4. Merely because it became a scarce resource, the demand for it increased.4)

단지 그것이 ______________ 자원이 되었기 때문에 그것에 대한 ______________가 증가했다.
5. If you are interested in persuading people, then the principle of scarcity can be effectively used.5)
만약에 여러분이 사람들을 ______________는 데에 관심이 있다면, 희소성의 ______________가
______________ 사용될 수 있다.
6. If you are a salesperson trying to increase the sales of a certain product, then you must not
merely point out the benefits the customer can derive from the said product, but also point out
its uniqueness and what they will miss out on if they don’t purchase the product soon.6)
만약 여러분이 특정 상품의 판매를 증가시키려 노력하는 판매원이라면, 여러분은 ______________ 고객
이 언급된 상품______________ 수 있는 혜택을 ______________ 뿐만이 아니라 그것의 ______________과 만
약에 그들이 그 상품을 빨리 구매하지 않는다면 그들이 무엇______________ 게 될 것인지를 또한 강조
해야만 한다.
7. In selling, you should keep in mind that the more limited something is, the more desirable it
becomes.7)
판매에 있어 여러분은 무언가가 더 ______________일수록 그것이 더 ______________ 게 된다는 것
______________ 야 한다.
- 21 -
1. 2003년에 영국 항공은 자신들이 더 이상 런던에서 뉴욕까지 가는 콩코드 항공편을 하루에 두 번 운

항할 수 없을 것이라고 발표했는데 왜냐하면 그것이 경제성이 없는 것으로 드러나기 시작하고 있었
기 때문이었다.1)
In 2003, British Airways ______________ ______________ ______________ that they would no longer be
able to ______________ the London to New York Concorde flight twice a day because it was
starting to prove ______________.
2. 그런데 바로 다음날 이 노선의 항공편 판매가 증가했다.2)

Well, the ______________ for the flight on this ______________ increased the very next day.
3. 노선이나 항공사에 의해 제공되는 서비스에 있어서 달라진 것은 아무것도 없었다.3)

There was nothing that changed about the route or the service ______________ by the airlines.
4. 단지 그것이 부족한 자원이 되었기 때문에 그것에 대한 수요가 증가했다.4)

Merely because it became a ______________ resource, the ______________ for it increased.
5. 만약에 여러분이 사람들을 설득하는 데에 관심이 있다면, 희소성의 원리가 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.5)
If you are interested in ______________ people, then the ______________ of scarcity can be
______________ used.
6. 만약 여러분이 특정 상품의 판매를 증가시키려 노력하는 판매원이라면, 여러분은 단지 고객이 언급된

상품으로부터 얻을 수 있는 혜택을 강조할 뿐만이 아니라 그것의 유일함과 만약에 그들이 그 상품을
빨리 구매하지 않는다면 그들이 무엇을 놓치게 될 것인지를 또한 강조해야만 한다.6)
If you are a salesperson trying to increase the sales of a certain product, then you must not
______________ ______________ ______________ the benefits the customer can ______________ ______________
the said product, but also ______________ ______________ its ______________ and what they will
______________ ______________ ______________ if they don’t purchase the product soon.
7. 판매에 있어 여러분은 무언가가 더 한정적일수록 그것이 더 가치 있게 된다는 것을 명심해야 한다.7)

In selling, you should ______________ ______________ ______________ that the more ______________
something is, the more ______________ it becomes.
- 22 -
1. In 2003, British Airways made an announcement that they would no longer be able to operate
uneconomical.1)
2. Well, the sales for the flight on this route increased the very next day.2)
3. There was nothing that changed about the route or the service offered by the airlines.3)
4. Merely because it became a scarce resource, the demand for it increased.4)
5. If you are interested in persuading people, then the principle of scarcity can be effectively used.5)
6. If you are a salesperson trying to increase the sales of a certain product, then you must not
merely point out the benefits the customer can derive from the said product, but also point out
its uniqueness and what they will miss out on if they don’t purchase the product soon.6)
7. In selling, you should keep in mind that the more limited something is, the more desirable it
becomes.7)
- 23 -

In 2003, British Airways made an announcement [that / what] they would no longer be able to
operate the London to New York Concorde flight twice a day [because / because of] it was
starting to prove [uneconomical / uneconomically].

Well, the sales for the flight on this route [increased / increasing] the very next day.

There was nothing [that / what] changed about the route or the service [offering / offered] by
the airlines.

Merely [because of / because] it became a scarce resource, the demand for it increased.
If you are [interesting / interested] in persuading people, then the principle of scarcity can be
effectively [using / used].

If you are a salesperson trying to increase the sales of a certain product, then you must not
merely point out the benefits the customer can derive from the said product, but also [point /
points] out [their / its] uniqueness and [what / that] they will miss out on if they don’t purchase
the product soon.

In selling, you should keep in mind [what / that] the more limited something is, the more
[desirably / desirable] it becomes.
- 24 -

In 2003, (be / operate / an / to / they / would no longer / able / made / British Airways /
announcement / that) the London to New York Concorde flight twice a day (prove / to / starting
/ uneconomical / because / it / was).

Well, (for / this / the flight / on / route / increased / the sales) the very next day.

(the service / or / about / offered / changed / the airlines / the route / was / nothing / by /
that / there)

Merely (became / resource / it / scarce / a / because), (the / for / increased / it / demand).
(you / interested / in / are / persuading / if / people), then (of / can / scarcity / effectively used
/ the principle / be).
- 25 -

(the sales / trying / of / you / to / if / product / a certain / are / increase / a salesperson),
then (you / not / the benefits / must / merely point out) (said / product / derive / from / can /
the customer / the), (point / out / will / uniqueness / out / its / on / they / miss / but also /
and / what) if they don’t purchase the product soon.

In selling, (that / should / mind / in / keep / you) (the / something / is / limited / more), (it /
more / becomes / the / desirable).
- 26 -
(A) There was nothing that changed about the route or the service offered by the airlines. Merely
because it became a scarce resource, the demand for it increased. If you are interested in
persuading people, then the principle of scarcity can be effectively used.
(B) In 2003, British Airways made an announcement that they would no longer be able to operate
uneconomical. Well, the sales for the flight on this route increased the very next day.
(C) If you are a salesperson trying to increase the sales of a certain product, then you must not
merely point out the benefits the customer can derive from the said product, but also point
out its uniqueness and what they will miss out on if they don’t purchase the product soon. In
selling, you should keep in mind that the more limited something is, the more desirable it
becomes.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 27 -

make, an announcement, will, able, operate, start, prove, uneconomical
In 2003, British Airways ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ no longer ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ the London to New
York Concorde flight twice a day because ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.
for, route, increase

Well, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ the very next day.
there, nothing, change, offer, the airlines

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________

become, scarce, resource, the demand, for
Merely because ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
interest, persuade, the principle

If ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, then
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ effectively
______________.
- 28 -

상품으로부터 얻을 수 있는 혜택들을 강조할 뿐만이 아니라 그것의 유일함과 만약에 그들이 그 상품
을 빨리 구매하지 않는다면 그들이 무엇을 놓치게 될 것인지를 또한 강조해야만 한다.6)
try, certain, point, the benefit, derive, said, uniqueness, miss, on, purchase
If you are a salesperson ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, then you must not merely ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, but ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ if ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ soon.
should, keep, mind, more, limit, desirable, become

In selling, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
- 29 -
본문 해석지
21번
The most dangerous threat to our ability to concentrate is 우리의 집중하는 능력에 있어 가장 위험한
not that we use our smartphone during working hours, 위협은 우리가 근무 시간 동안 스마트폰을
but that we use it too irregularly. 사용하는 것이 아니라 우리가 그것을 지나
치게 불규칙적으로 사용하는 것이다.
By checking our emails every now and then on the 특별한 일정이나 규칙성을 염두에 두지 않
은 채 이따금 컴퓨터로 우리의 이메일을 확
computer and our text messages here and there on our
인하고 우리의 전화로 문자 메시지를 여기
phone with no particular schedule or rhythm in mind, our
저기에서 확인함으로써 우리의 뇌는 효과적
brain loses its ability to effectively filter. 으로 여과하는 그것의 능력을 잃는다.
The solution is to regulate your devices as if you were on 해결책은 마치 여러분이 엄격한 다이어트
a strict diet. 중에 있는 것처럼 여러분의 기기를 조절하
는 것이다.
When it comes to nutrition, sticking to a fixed time plan 영양에 관해서라면 아침, 점심 그리고 저녁
식사를 위한 정해진 시간 계획을 고수하는
for breakfast, lunch, and dinner allows your metabolism to
것이 여러분의 신진대사가 적응하도록 하고
adjust, thereby causing less hunger during the in‑between
그렇게 함으로써 중간 단계 동안 허기를 덜
phases. 유발한다.
Your belly will start to rumble around 12:30 p.m. each 여러분의 배는 매일 오후 12시 반쯤 우르르
day, but that’s okay because that’s a good time to eat 울리기 시작할 것이지만 그때는 점심을 먹
기에 좋은 시간이기 때문에 괜찮다.
lunch.
If something unexpected happens, you can add a snack 만약 예기치 않은 무언가가 일어난다면 여
every now and then to get fresh energy, but your 러분은 활기를 얻기 위해 이따금 간식을 추
metabolism will remain under control. It’s the same with 가할 수 있지만 여러분의 신진대사는 계속
통제된 상태로 있을 것이다. 여러분이 그것
our brain when you put it on a “media diet.”
(뇌)을 ‘미디어 다이어트’ 상태로 두었을 때
우리의 뇌도 마찬가지이다.
- 30 -
1. The most dangerous threat to our ability to concentrate is not that we use our smartphone
during working hours, but that we use it too irregularly.1)
우리의 ______________는 능력에 있어 가장 위험한 ______________은 우리가 근무 시간 동안 스마트폰을
사용하는 것이 아니라 우리가 그것을 지나치게 ______________ 사용하는 것이다.
2. By checking our emails every now and then on the computer and our text messages here and
there on our phone with no particular schedule or rhythm in mind, our brain loses its ability to
effectively filter.2)
특별한 일정이나 ______________을 염두에 두지 않은 채 이따금 컴퓨터로 우리의 이메일을 확인하고
우리의 전화로 문자 메시지를 여기저기에서 ______________으로써 우리의 뇌는 효과적으로
______________는 그것의 능력을 잃는다.
3. The solution is to regulate your devices as if you were on a strict diet.3)

______________은 마치 여러분이 ______________ 다이어트 중에 있는 것처럼 여러분의 기기를
______________는 것이다.
4. When it comes to nutrition, sticking to a fixed time plan for breakfast, lunch, and dinner allows
your metabolism to adjust, thereby causing less hunger during the in‑between phases.4)
______________에 관해서라면 아침, 점심 그리고 저녁 식사를 위한 정해진 시간 계획______________ 는
것이 여러분의 ______________가 ______________도록 하고 그렇게 함으로써 중간 단계 동안 ______________
를 덜 유발한다.
5. Your belly will start to rumble around 12:30 p.m. each day, but that’s okay because that’s a
good time to eat lunch.5)
여러분의 배는 매일 오후 12시 반쯤 ______________ 기 시작할 것이지만 그때는 점심을 먹기에 좋은
시간이기 때문에 괜찮다.
6. If something unexpected happens, you can add a snack every now and then to get fresh energy,
but your metabolism will remain under control. It’s the same with our brain when you put it on
a “media diet.”6)
만약 ______________ 무언가가 일어난다면 여러분은 활기를 얻기 위해 이따금 간식을 추가할 수 있지
만 여러분의 신진대사는 계속 통제된 상태로 있을 것이다. 여러분이 그것(뇌)을 ‘미디어 다이어트’ 상
태로 두었을 때 우리의 뇌도 마찬가지이다.
- 31 -
1. 우리의 집중하는 능력에 있어 가장 위험한 위협은 우리가 근무 시간 동안 스마트폰을 사용하는 것이

아니라 우리가 그것을 지나치게 불규칙적으로 사용하는 것이다.1)
The most dangerous ______________ to our ability to ______________ is not that we use our
smartphone during working hours, but that we use it too ______________.
2. 특별한 일정이나 규칙성을 염두에 두지 않은 채 이따금 컴퓨터로 우리의 이메일을 확인하고 우리의
전화로 문자 메시지를 여기저기에서 확인함으로써 우리의 뇌는 효과적으로 여과하는 그것의 능력을
잃는다.2)
By ______________ our emails every now and then on the computer and our text messages here
and there on our phone with no particular schedule or ______________ in mind, our brain loses its
ability to effectively ______________.
3. 해결책은 마치 여러분이 엄격한 다이어트 중에 있는 것처럼 여러분의 기기를 조절하는 것이다.3)

The ______________ is to ______________ your devices as if you were on a ______________ diet.
4. 영양에 관해서라면 아침, 점심 그리고 저녁 식사를 위한 정해진 시간 계획을 고수하는 것이 여러분의

신진대사가 적응하도록 하고 그렇게 함으로써 중간 단계 동안 허기를 덜 유발한다.4)
When it comes to ______________, ______________ ______________ a fixed time plan for breakfast, lunch,
and dinner allows your ______________ to ______________, thereby causing less ______________ during
the in‑between phases.
5. 여러분의 배는 매일 오후 12시 반쯤 우르르 울리기 시작할 것이지만 그때는 점심을 먹기에 좋은 시

간이기 때문에 괜찮다.5)
Your belly will start to ______________ around 12:30 p.m. each day, but that’s okay because that’s a
good time to eat lunch.
6. 만약 예기치 않은 무언가가 일어난다면 여러분은 활기를 얻기 위해 이따금 간식을 추가할 수 있지만

여러분의 신진대사는 계속 통제된 상태로 있을 것이다. 여러분이 그것(뇌)을 ‘미디어 다이어트’ 상태로
두었을 때 우리의 뇌도 마찬가지이다.6)
If something ______________ happens, you can add a snack every now and then to get fresh
energy, but your metabolism will remain under control. It’s the same with our brain when you
put it on a “media diet.”
- 32 -
1. The most dangerous threat to our ability to concentrate is not that we use our smartphone
during working hours, but that we use it too irregularly.1)
2. By checking our emails every now and then on the computer and our text messages here and
there on our phone with no particular schedule or rhythm in mind, our brain loses its ability to
effectively filter.2)
3. The solution is to regulate your devices as if you were on a strict diet.3)
4. When it comes to nutrition, sticking to a fixed time plan for breakfast, lunch, and dinner allows
your metabolism to adjust, thereby causing less hunger during the in‑between phases.4)
5. Your belly will start to rumble around 12:30 p.m. each day, but that’s okay because that’s a
good time to eat lunch.5)
6. If something unexpected happens, you can add a snack every now and then to get fresh energy,
but your metabolism will remain under control. It’s the same with our brain when you put it on
a “media diet.”6)
- 33 -

The most dangerous threat to our ability to concentrate [are / is] not that we use our
smartphone during working hours, but [what / that] we use it too irregularly.
잃는다.2)
By checking our emails every now and then on the computer and our text messages here and
there on our phone with no [particularly / particular] schedule or rhythm in mind, our brain loses
its ability to effectively [filter / filtering].

The solution is to regulate your devices as if you [are / were] on a strict diet.

When it comes to nutrition, sticking to a fixed time plan for breakfast, lunch, and dinner [allows
/ allow] your metabolism [adjusting / to adjust], thereby causing less hunger during the
in‑between phases.

Your belly will start to rumble around 12:30 p.m. each day, but that’s okay [because of /
because] that’s a good time to eat lunch.

If something [unexpecting / unexpected] [happens / will happen], you can add a snack every
now and then to get fresh energy, but your metabolism will remain under control. It’s the same
with our brain when you put it on a “media diet.”
- 34 -

(concentrate / dangerous / to / most / ability / the / our / threat / to) (that / smartphone / is /
we / our / use / not) during working hours, but (too irregularly / use / it / we / that).
잃는다.2)
(computer / by / now and then / on / every / the / emails / checking / our) and (our / on /
messages / our / here and there / text / phone) (no / in / particular / with / rhythm / or /
mind / schedule), (ability / its / our / brain / to / loses / effectively filter).

(devices / is / the solution / regulate / to / your) (a / were / as if / diet / strict / on / you)

(when / nutrition / comes / to / it), (time / plan / fixed / to / a / for / sticking) breakfast,
lunch, and dinner (allows / adjust / your / to / metabolism), thereby (hunger / less / causing)
during the in‑between phases.
- 35 -

(rumble / to / your / start / belly / will) around 12:30 p.m. each day, but that’s okay because
(good / time / lunch / a / eat / to / that’s).

(unexpected / if / something / happens), (can / add / you / a snack) every now and then (to /
energy / fresh / get), but (your / control / remain / metabolism / under / will). (brain / our /
the / with / same / it’s) when you put it on a “media diet.”
- 36 -
(A) The solution is to regulate your devices as if you were on a strict diet. When it comes to
nutrition, sticking to a fixed time plan for breakfast, lunch, and dinner allows your metabolism
to adjust, thereby causing less hunger during the in‑between phases.
(B) The most dangerous threat to our ability to concentrate is not that we use our smartphone
during working hours, but that we use it too irregularly. By checking our emails every now and
then on the computer and our text messages here and there on our phone with no particular
schedule or rhythm in mind, our brain loses its ability to effectively filter.
(C) Your belly will start to rumble around 12:30 p.m. each day, but that’s okay because that’s a
good time to eat lunch. If something unexpected happens, you can add a snack every now and
then to get fresh energy, but your metabolism will remain under control. It’s the same with our
brain when you put it on a “media diet.”
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 37 -

dangerous, threat, ability, concentrate, that

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ our
smartphone during working hours, but ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ too
irregularly.
잃는다.2)
with, particular, rhythm, mind, lose, filter

By checking our emails every now and then on the computer and our text messages here and
there on our phone ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ effectively ______________.
3. 해결책은 마치 여러분이 엄격한 다이어트 중에 있는 것처럼 여러분의 기기들을 조절하는 것이다.3)
the solution, regulate, device, strict, diet

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ as if
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

stick, fixed, time, plan, allow, metabolism, adjust, cause, hunger
When it comes to nutrition, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ breakfast, lunch, and dinner ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, thereby ______________ ______________ ______________ during the in‑between
phases.
- 38 -

belly, start, rumble, good

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ around 12:30
p.m. each day, but that’s okay because ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.

something, unexpect, happen, add, a snack, remain, under, control, put
If ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ every now and then to get fresh energy, but ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ when ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
a “media diet.”
- 39 -
본문 해석지
22번
Who is this person? This is the question all stories ask. It ‘이 사람은 누구인가?’ 이것은 모든 이야기
emerges first at the ignition point. 가 물어보는 질문이다. 그것은 발화 지점에
서 가장 먼저 나타난다.
When the initial change strikes, the protagonist overreacts 처음의 변화가 발생할 때 주인공은 과민 반
응하거나 그렇지 않으면 예상치 못한 방식
or behaves in an otherwise unexpected way.
으로 행동한다.
We sit up, suddenly attentive. Who is this person who 우리는 일어나 앉아 갑자기 주의를 기울인
behaves like this? 다. ‘이렇게 행동하는 이 사람은 누구인가?’
The question then re‑emerges every time the protagonist 그러고 나서 그 질문은 주인공이 줄거리에
is challenged by the plot and compelled to make a 도전받고 선택을 하도록 강요받을 때마다
다시 나타난다.
choice.
Everywhere in the narrative that the question is present, 질문이 존재하는 이야기의 모든 곳에서 독
the reader or viewer will likely be engaged. 자 또는 시청자는 몰입하게 될 것이다.
질문이 부재하고 드라마의 사건들이 이야기

Where the question is absent, and the events of drama
의 빛줄기에서 벗어나는 곳에서 그들은 분
move out of its narrative beam, they are at risk of
리될 위험에 놓이고, 심지어는 지루해질 위
becoming detached ― perhaps even bored. 험에 처할 수도 있다.
If there’s a single secret to storytelling then I believe it’s 만약 이야기하기에 한 가지 비밀이 있다면
this. 나는 그것이 이것이라고 믿는다.
Who is this person? Or, from the perspective of the ‘이 사람은 누구인가?’ 또는 등장인물의 관
점에서 ‘나는 누구인가? 그것이 드라마의 정
character, Who am I? It’s the definition of drama. It is its
의이다. 그것이 드라마의 전기이고 심장 박
electricity, its heartbeat, its fire. 동이자 불이다.
- 40 -
1. Who is this person? This is the question all stories ask. It emerges first at the ignition point.1)
‘이 사람은 누구인가?’ 이것은 모든 이야기가 물어보는 질문이다. 그것은 ______________ 지점에서 가장
먼저 ______________.
2. When the initial change strikes, the protagonist overreacts or behaves in an otherwise unexpected
way.2)
______________ 변화가 발생할 때 ______________은 ______________ 거나 그렇지 않으면 예상치 못한 방식
으로 행동한다.
3. We sit up, suddenly attentive. Who is this person who behaves like this?3)
우리는 일어나 앉아 갑자기 ______________ 인다. ‘이렇게 행동하는 이 사람은 누구인가?’
4. The question then re‑emerges every time the protagonist is challenged by the plot and
compelled to make a choice.4)
그러고 나서 그 질문은 주인공이 ______________에 ______________고 선택을 하도록 ______________을 때마
다 다시 나타난다.
5. Everywhere in the narrative that the question is present, the reader or viewer will likely be
engaged.5)
질문이 ______________는 ______________의 모든 곳에서 독자 또는 시청자는 ______________게 될 것이다.
6. Where the question is absent, and the events of drama move out of its narrative beam, they are
at risk of becoming detached ― perhaps even bored.6)
질문이 ______________고 드라마의 사건들이 이야기의 빛줄기______________ 는 곳에서 그들은
______________ 위험에 놓이고, 심지어는 지루해질 위험에 처할 수도 있다.
7. If there’s a single secret to storytelling then I believe it’s this.7)

만약 이야기하기에 한 가지 ______________이 있다면 나는 그것이 이것이라고 믿는다.
8. Who is this person? Or, from the perspective of the character, Who am I? It’s the definition of
drama. It is its electricity, its heartbeat, its fire.8)
‘이 사람은 누구인가?’ 또는 등장인물의 ______________에서 ‘나는 누구인가? 그것이 드라마의
______________이다. 그것이 드라마의 ______________이고 ______________ 이자 불이다.
- 41 -
1. ‘이 사람은 누구인가?’ 이것은 모든 이야기가 물어보는 질문이다. 그것은 발화 지점에서 가장 먼저 나

타난다.1)
Who is this person? This is the question all stories ask. It ______________ first at the ______________
point.
2. 처음의 변화가 발생할 때 주인공은 과민 반응하거나 그렇지 않으면 예상치 못한 방식으로 행동한다.2)
When the ______________ change strikes, the ______________ ______________ or behaves in an otherwise
unexpected way.
3. 우리는 일어나 앉아 갑자기 주의를 기울인다. ‘이렇게 행동하는 이 사람은 누구인가?’3)

We sit up, suddenly ______________. Who is this person who behaves like this?
4. 그러고 나서 그 질문은 주인공이 줄거리에 도전받고 선택을 하도록 강요받을 때마다 다시 나타난다.4)
The question then re‑emerges every time the protagonist is ______________ by the ______________
and ______________ to make a choice.
5. 질문이 존재하는 이야기의 모든 곳에서 독자 또는 시청자는 몰입하게 될 것이다.5)

Everywhere in the ______________ that the question is ______________, the reader or viewer will likely
be ______________.
6. 질문이 부재하고 드라마의 사건들이 이야기의 빛줄기에서 벗어나는 곳에서 그들은 분리될 위험에 놓
이고, 심지어는 지루해질 위험에 처할 수도 있다.6)
Where the question is ______________, and the events of drama ______________ ______________
______________ its narrative beam, they are at risk of becoming ______________ ― perhaps even
bored.
7. 만약 이야기하기에 한 가지 비밀이 있다면 나는 그것이 이것이라고 믿는다.7)

If there’s a single ______________ to storytelling then I believe it’s this.
8. ‘이 사람은 누구인가?’ 또는 등장인물의 관점에서 ‘나는 누구인가? 그것이 드라마의 정의이다. 그것이
드라마의 전기이고 심장 박동이자 불이다.8)
Who is this person? Or, from the ______________ of the character, Who am I? It’s the ______________
of drama. It is its ______________, its ______________, its fire.
- 42 -
1. Who is this person? This is the question all stories ask. It emerges first at the ignition point.1)
2. When the initial change strikes, the protagonist overreacts or behaves in an otherwise unexpected
way.2)
3. We sit up, suddenly attentive. Who is this person who behaves like this?3)
4. The question then re‑emerges every time the protagonist is challenged by the plot and
compelled to make a choice.4)
5. Everywhere in the narrative that the question is present, the reader or viewer will likely be
engaged.5)
6. Where the question is absent, and the events of drama move out of its narrative beam, they are
at risk of becoming detached ― perhaps even bored.6)
7. If there’s a single secret to storytelling then I believe it’s this.7)
8. Who is this person? Or, from the perspective of the character, Who am I? It’s the definition of
drama. It is its electricity, its heartbeat, its fire.8)
- 43 -

타난다.1)
Who is this person? This is the question [every / all] stories ask. It emerges first at the ignition
point.
When the initial change strikes, the protagonist overreacts or [behaves / behave] in an otherwise
unexpected way.

We sit up, suddenly attentive. Who is this person who [behave / behaves] like this?
The question then re‑emerges every time the protagonist is [challenged / challenging] by the
plot and compelled [to make / making] a choice.

Everywhere in the narrative [that / what] the question is present, the reader or viewer will likely
be engaged.
Where the question is absent, and the events of drama [move / moves] out of its narrative
beam, they are at risk of becoming [detached / detaching] ― perhaps even bored.
7. 만약 이야기하기에 한 가지 비밀이 있다면 나는 그것이 이것이라고 믿는다. ‘이 사람은 누구인가?’ 또

는 등장인물의 관점에서 ‘나는 누구인가? 그것이 드라마의 정의이다. 그것이 드라마의 전기이고 심장
박동이자 불이다.7)
If there’s a single [secret / secrets] to storytelling then I believe it’s this. Who is this person? Or,
from the perspective of the character, Who am I? It’s the definition of drama. It is its electricity,
its heartbeat, its fire.
- 44 -

타난다.1)
Who is this person? (ask / stories / is / all / this / the question). It emerges first at the ignition
point.
(when / the / strikes / initial / change), (overreacts / behaves / the / or / protagonist) in an
otherwise unexpected way.

We sit up, suddenly attentive. (like / this / behaves / who / person / who / is / this)?
The question then re‑emerges every time (is / challenged / make / the plot / a choice /
compelled / the protagonist / and / to / by).

(the / narrative / that / the question / everywhere / in / present / is), (the reader / viewer /
engaged / be / will likely / or)
- 45 -
(absent / is / where / the question), and (its / move / the events / of / narrative / drama / out
/ beam / of), they are at risk of becoming detached ― perhaps even bored.

(single / if / to / secret / a / storytelling / there’s) then I believe it’s this.
Who is this person? Or, (from / of / the / character / the / perspective), Who am I? (it’s / of /
the / drama / definition). It is its electricity, its heartbeat, its fire.
- 46 -
(A) If there’s a single secret to storytelling then I believe it’s this. Who is this person? Or, from the
perspective of the character, Who am I? It’s the definition of drama. It is its electricity, its
heartbeat, its fire.
(B) The question then re‑emerges every time the protagonist is challenged by the plot and
compelled to make a choice. Everywhere in the narrative that the question is present, the
reader or viewer will likely be engaged. Where the question is absent, and the events of drama
move out of its narrative beam, they are at risk of becoming detached ― perhaps even bored.
(C) Who is this person? This is the question all stories ask. It emerges first at the ignition point.
When the initial change strikes, the protagonist overreacts or behaves in an otherwise
unexpected way. We sit up, suddenly attentive. Who is this person who behaves like this?
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 47 -
1. ‘이 사람은 누구인가?’ 이것은 모든 이야기들이 물어보는 질문이다. 그것은 발화 지점에서 가장 먼저

나타난다.1)
this, all, story, ask, it, emerge

Who is this person? ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________. ______________ ______________ first at the ignition point.
initial, strike, the protagonist, overreact, behave

When ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ in an otherwise unexpected way.
who, this, person, like

We sit up, suddenly attentive. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________
every time, challenge, the plot, compel, make, a choice

The question then re‑emerges ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.
everywhere, that, present, engage

______________ in the narrative ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ likely ______________
______________.
- 48 -
absent, the, events, move, risk, become, detach

Where ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, and ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ its narrative beam,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ―
perhaps even bored.
single, secret, storytelling

If ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ then I believe
it’s this.
the, perspective, character, definition

Who is this person? Or, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, Who am I? ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. It is
its electricity, its heartbeat, its fire.
- 49 -
본문 해석지
23번
Shutter speed refers to the speed of a camera shutter. In 셔터 속도는 카메라 셔터의 속도를 지칭한
behavior profiling, it refers to the speed of the eyelid. 다. 행동 프로파일링에서는 그것은 눈꺼풀의
When we blink, we reveal more than just blink rate. 속도를 지칭한다. 우리가 눈을 깜빡일 때 우
리는 단지 눈 깜빡임의 비율보다 더 많은
것을 드러낸다.
Changes in the speed of the eyelid can indicate important 눈꺼풀 속도의 변화는 중요한 정보를 나타
information; shutter speed is a measurement of fear. 내는데, 즉 셔터 속도가 두려움의 척도라는
것이다.
Think of an animal that has a reputation for being fearful. 겁이 많은 것으로 평판이 있는 동물을 생각
해 보라. 치와와가 생각날지도 모른다.
A Chihuahua might come to mind.
In mammals, because of evolution, our eyelids will speed 포유동물의 경우 진화 때문에, 우리가 다가
오는 포식자를 볼 수 없는 시간의 양을 최
up to minimize the amount of time that we can’t see an
소로 하기 위하여 우리의 눈꺼풀은 속도를
approaching predator. 높일 것이다.
The greater the degree of fear an animal is experiencing, 동물이 경험하고 있는 두려움의 정도가 더
the more the animal is concerned with an approaching 클수록 그 동물은 다가오는 포식자에 대해
더 걱정한다.
predator.
In an attempt to keep the eyes open as much as possible, 가능한 한 많이 눈을 뜨고 있으려는 시도로
the eyelids involuntarily speed up. Speed, when it comes 눈꺼풀은 무의식적으로 속도를 높인다. 행동
to behavior, almost always equals fear. 에 관한 한 속도는 거의 항상 두려움과 같다.
In humans, if we experience fear about something, our 인간의 경우 만약 우리가 무언가에 대한 두

eyelids will do the same thing as the Chihuahua; they will 려움을 경험한다면, 우리의 눈꺼풀은 치와와
와 똑같은 것을 할 것이며, 즉 그것들은 더
close and open more quickly.
빠르게 닫히고 열릴 것이다.
- 50 -
1. Shutter speed refers to the speed of a camera shutter. In behavior profiling, it refers to the
speed of the eyelid. When we blink, we reveal more than just blink rate.1)
셔터 속도는 카메라 셔터의 속도______________. 행동 프로파일링에서는 그것은 ______________의 속도를
지칭한다. 우리가 눈을 깜빡일 때 우리는 단지 눈 깜빡임의 ______________보다 더 많은 것을
______________.
2. Changes in the speed of the eyelid can indicate important information; shutter speed is a
measurement of fear.2)
눈꺼풀 속도의 변화는 중요한 정보를 ______________는데, 즉 셔터 속도가 두려움의 ______________라는
것이다.
3. Think of an animal that has a reputation for being fearful. A Chihuahua might come to mind.3)
겁이 많은 것으로 ______________이 있는 동물을 생각해 보라. 치와와가 ______________지도 모른다.
4. In mammals, because of evolution, our eyelids will speed up to minimize the amount of time
that we can’t see an approaching predator.4)
______________의 경우 ______________ 때문에, 우리가 다가오는 ______________를 볼 수 없는 시간의 양을
______________ 기 위하여 우리의 눈꺼풀은 ______________ 것이다.
5. The greater the degree of fear an animal is experiencing, the more the animal is concerned with
an approaching predator.5)
동물이 경험하고 있는 두려움의 정도가 더 클수록 그 동물은 다가오는 포식자______________ 더
______________.
6. In an attempt to keep the eyes open as much as possible, the eyelids involuntarily speed up.
Speed, when it comes to behavior, almost always equals fear.6)
가능한 한 많이 눈을 뜨고 있으려는 ______________로 눈꺼풀은 ______________ 속도를 높인다. 행동에
관한 한 속도는 거의 항상 두려움과 ______________.
7. In humans, if we experience fear about something, our eyelids will do the same thing as the
Chihuahua; they will close and open more quickly.7)
인간의 경우 만약 우리가 무언가에 대한 두려움을 경험한다면, 우리의 눈꺼풀은 치와와와
______________ 것이며, 즉 그것들은 더 빠르게 닫히고 열릴 것이다.
- 51 -
1. 셔터 속도는 카메라 셔터의 속도를 지칭한다. 행동 프로파일링에서는 그것은 눈꺼풀의 속도를 지칭한
다. 우리가 눈을 깜빡일 때 우리는 단지 눈 깜빡임의 비율보다 더 많은 것을 드러낸다.1)
Shutter speed ______________ ______________ the speed of a camera shutter. In behavior profiling, it
refers to the speed of the ______________. When we blink, we ______________ more than just blink
______________.
2. 눈꺼풀 속도의 변화는 중요한 정보를 나타내는데, 즉 셔터 속도가 두려움의 척도라는 것이다.2)
Changes in the speed of the eyelid can ______________ important information; shutter speed is a
______________ of fear.
3. 겁이 많은 것으로 평판이 있는 동물을 생각해 보라. 치와와가 생각날지도 모른다.3)

Think of an animal that has a ______________ for being fearful. A Chihuahua might ______________
______________ ______________.
4. 포유동물의 경우 진화 때문에, 우리가 다가오는 포식자를 볼 수 없는 시간의 양을 최소로 하기 위하

여 우리의 눈꺼풀은 속도를 높일 것이다.4)
In ______________, because of ______________, our eyelids will ______________ ______________ to
______________ the amount of time that we can’t see an approaching ______________.
5. 동물이 경험하고 있는 두려움의 정도가 더 클수록 그 동물은 다가오는 포식자에 대해 더 걱정한다.5)

The greater the degree of fear an animal is experiencing, the more the animal ______________
______________ ______________ an approaching predator.
6. 가능한 한 많이 눈을 뜨고 있으려는 시도로 눈꺼풀은 무의식적으로 속도를 높인다. 행동에 관한 한

속도는 거의 항상 두려움과 같다.6)
In an ______________ to keep the eyes open as much as possible, the eyelids ______________ speed
up. Speed, when it comes to behavior, almost always ______________ fear.
7. 인간의 경우 만약 우리가 무언가에 대한 두려움을 경험한다면, 우리의 눈꺼풀은 치와와와 똑같은 것

을 할 것이며, 즉 그것들은 더 빠르게 닫히고 열릴 것이다.7)
In humans, if we experience fear about something, our eyelids will ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ as the Chihuahua; they will close and open more quickly.
- 52 -
1. Shutter speed refers to the speed of a camera shutter. In behavior profiling, it refers to the
speed of the eyelid. When we blink, we reveal more than just blink rate.1)
2. Changes in the speed of the eyelid can indicate important information; shutter speed is a
measurement of fear.2)
3. Think of an animal that has a reputation for being fearful. A Chihuahua might come to mind.3)
4. In mammals, because of evolution, our eyelids will speed up to minimize the amount of time
that we can’t see an approaching predator.4)
5. The greater the degree of fear an animal is experiencing, the more the animal is concerned with
an approaching predator.5)
6. In an attempt to keep the eyes open as much as possible, the eyelids involuntarily speed up.
Speed, when it comes to behavior, almost always equals fear.6)
7. In humans, if we experience fear about something, our eyelids will do the same thing as the
Chihuahua; they will close and open more quickly.7)
- 53 -
Shutter speed refers to the speed of a camera shutter. In behavior profiling, it refers to the
speed of the eyelid. When we blink, we reveal [most / more] than just blink rate.
Changes in the speed of the eyelid can [be indicated / indicate] important information; shutter
speed is a measurement of fear.

[Thinking / Think] of an animal that has a reputation for being fearful. A Chihuahua might come
to mind.

In mammals, because of evolution, our eyelids will speed up to minimize the amount of time
[what / that] we can’t see an [approached / approaching] predator.

The greater the degree of fear an animal [are / is] experiencing, the more the animal is
concerned with an [approaching / approached] predator.

In an attempt to keep the eyes open as much as possible, the eyelids involuntarily [speeds /
speed] up. Speed, when it comes to behavior, almost always [equal / equals] fear.

In humans, if we [will experience / experience] fear about something, our eyelids will do the
same thing as the Chihuahua; they will close and open more quickly.
- 54 -
(camera / a / of / to / shutter / speed / the speed / shutter / refers). In behavior profiling, (of /
to / the eyelid / refers / the speed / it). When we blink, (blink / we / than / rate / reveal / just
/ more).
(of / eyelid / changes / speed / in / the / the) (can / indicate / important / information); (a
measurement / is / of / speed / fear / shutter)

(fearful / of / think / being / a reputation / an animal / has / for / that). (come / a Chihuahua
/ mind / might / to)

In mammals, because of evolution, (our / speed / eyelids / up / will) (to / time / of / minimize
/ the amount) (can’t / we / approaching / see / predator / that / an).

(the degree / the / experiencing / fear / an animal / of / is / greater), (with / an / approaching
/ concerned / more / the / the animal / is / predator)
- 55 -

In an attempt (open / as / much / possible / as / to / keep / the eyes), (involuntarily speed /
the eyelids / up). Speed, (behavior / it / to / when / comes), (equals / fear / almost always).

In humans, (we / experience / fear / about / something / if), (same / our / thing / the / do /
will / eyelids) as the Chihuahua; they will close and open more quickly.
- 56 -
(A) Shutter speed refers to the speed of a camera shutter. In behavior profiling, it refers to the
speed of the eyelid. When we blink, we reveal more than just blink rate. Changes in the speed
of the eyelid can indicate important information; shutter speed is a measurement of fear.
(B) The greater the degree of fear an animal is experiencing, the more the animal is concerned
with an approaching predator. In an attempt to keep the eyes open as much as possible, the
eyelids involuntarily speed up. Speed, when it comes to behavior, almost always equals fear. In
humans, if we experience fear about something, our eyelids will do the same thing as the
Chihuahua; they will close and open more quickly.
(C) Think of an animal that has a reputation for being fearful. A Chihuahua might come to mind. In
mammals, because of evolution, our eyelids will speed up to minimize the amount of time that
we can’t see an approaching predator.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 57 -
shutter, refer, the eyelid, reveal, just

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________. In behavior profiling, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. When we blink,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
2. 눈꺼풀 속도의 변화들은 중요한 정보를 나타낼 수 있는데, 즉 셔터 속도가 두려움의 척도라는 것이다.2)
can, indicate, a measurement, fear

Changes in the speed of the eyelid ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________;
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
think, of, that, a reputation, for, fearful, might, come, mind

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. A Chihuahua ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.

speed, minimize, the amount, that, approach, predator
In mammals, because of evolution, our eyelids ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
great, the degree, experience, concern, with

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
- 58 -

keep, the eyes, as, much, equal

In an attempt ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, the eyelids involuntarily speed up. Speed, when it comes
to behavior, almost always ______________ ______________.
7. 인간의 경우 만약 우리가 무언가에 대한 두려움을 경험한다면, 우리의 눈꺼풀들은 치와와와 똑같은

것을 할 것이며, 즉 그것들은 더 빠르게 닫히고 열릴 것이다.7)
something, do, same

In humans, if ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ the
Chihuahua; ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ more quickly.
- 59 -
본문 해석지
24번
The free market has liberated people in a way that 자유 시장은 마르크스주의가 결코 할 수 없
Marxism never could. 었던 방식으로 사람들을 자유롭게 해 왔다.
What is more, as A. O. Hirschman, the Harvard economic 게다가 하버드 대학 경제 역사학자인 A. O.

Hirschman이 자신의 대표적 연구인 ‘The
historian, showed in his classic study The Passions and the
Passions and the Interests’에서 보여 주었
Interests, the market was seen by Enlightenment thinkers 듯이, 시장은 계몽주의 사상가들인 Adam
Adam Smith, David Hume, and Montesquieu as a powerful Smith, David Hume 그리고 Montesquieu에
solution to one of humanity’s greatest traditional 의해 인류의 가장 큰 전통적 약점들 중 하
나인 폭력에 대한 강력한 해결책으로 여겨
weaknesses: violence.
졌다.
Montesquieu가 말했던 바로는 두 국가가

When two nations meet, said Montesquieu, they can do
만날 때 그들은 두 가지 중 하나를 할 수
one of two things: they can wage war or they can trade. 있는데, 즉 그들은 전쟁을 벌이거나 거래를
If they wage war, both are likely to lose in the long run. 할 수 있다. 만약 그들이 전쟁을 벌인다면,
If they trade, both will gain. 둘 다 장기적으로 손해를 볼 가능성이 있다.
만약 그들이 거래를 한다면, 둘 다 이득을
얻을 것이다.
That, of course, was the logic behind the establishment of 물론 그것이 유럽 연합의 설립 이면에 있는
논리였다. 즉 그것의 국가들, 특히 프랑스와
the European Union: to lock together the destinies of its
독일의 운명을 한데 묶었는데 그렇게 함으
nations, especially France and Germany, in such a way that 로써 그들이 20세기 전반에 너무나도 파괴
they would have an overwhelming interest not to wage 적인 대가를 치르며 그랬었던 것처럼 다시
war again as they had done to such devastating cost in 는 전쟁을 벌이지 않도록 그들은 저항할 수
없는 이해관계를 가졌을 것이다.
the first half of the twentieth century.
- 60 -
1. The free market has liberated people in a way that Marxism never could.1)
자유 시장은 마르크스주의가 결코 할 수 없었던 방식으로 사람들을 ______________ 왔다.
2. What is more, as A. O. Hirschman, the Harvard economic historian, showed in his classic study
The Passions and the Interests, the market was seen by Enlightenment thinkers Adam Smith,
David Hume, and Montesquieu as a powerful solution to one of humanity’s greatest traditional
weaknesses: violence.2)
게다가 하버드 대학 경제 역사학자인 A. O. Hirschman이 자신의 ______________ 연구인 ‘The Passions
and the Interests’에서 보여 주었듯이, 시장은 ______________ ______________인 Adam Smith, David
Hume 그리고 Montesquieu에 의해 인류의 가장 큰 전통적 ______________ 중 하나인 ______________에
대한 강력한 해결책으로 여겨졌다.
3. When two nations meet, said Montesquieu, they can do one of two things: they can wage war
or they can trade. If they wage war, both are likely to lose in the long run. If they trade, both
will gain.3)
Montesquieu가 말했던 바로는 두 국가가 만날 때 그들은 두 가지 중 하나를 할 수 있는데, 즉 그들
은 ______________ 거나 ______________ 수 있다. 만약 그들이 전쟁을 벌인다면, 둘 다 ______________ 손해
를 볼 가능성이 있다. 만약 그들이 거래를 한다면, 둘 다 이득을 얻을 것이다.
4. That, of course, was the logic behind the establishment of the European Union: to lock together
the destinies of its nations, especially France and Germany, in such a way that they would have
an overwhelming interest not to wage war again as they had done to such devastating cost in
the first half of the twentieth century.4)
물론 그것이 유럽 연합의 ______________ 이면에 있는 ______________였다. 즉 그것의 국가들, 특히 프랑
스와 독일의 ______________을 한데 묶었는데 그렇게 함으로써 그들이 20세기 전반에 너무나도
______________ 대가를 치르며 그랬었던 것처럼 다시는 전쟁을 벌이지 않도록 그들은 ______________ 이
해관계를 가졌을 것이다.
- 61 -
1. 자유 시장은 마르크스주의가 결코 할 수 없었던 방식으로 사람들을 자유롭게 해 왔다.1)

The free market has ______________ people in a way that Marxism never could.
2. 게다가 하버드 대학 경제 역사학자인 A. O. Hirschman이 자신의 대표적 연구인 ‘The Passions and
the Interests’에서 보여 주었듯이, 시장은 계몽주의 사상가들인 Adam Smith, David Hume 그리고
Montesquieu에 의해 인류의 가장 큰 전통적 약점들 중 하나인 폭력에 대한 강력한 해결책으로 여겨
졌다.2)
What is more, as A. O. Hirschman, the Harvard economic historian, showed in his ______________
study The Passions and the Interests, the market was seen by ______________ ______________ Adam
Smith, David Hume, and Montesquieu as a powerful solution to one of humanity’s greatest
traditional ______________: ______________.
3. Montesquieu가 말했던 바로는 두 국가가 만날 때 그들은 두 가지 중 하나를 할 수 있는데, 즉 그들

은 전쟁을 벌이거나 거래를 할 수 있다. 만약 그들이 전쟁을 벌인다면, 둘 다 장기적으로 손해를 볼
가능성이 있다. 만약 그들이 거래를 한다면, 둘 다 이득을 얻을 것이다.3)
When two nations meet, said Montesquieu, they can do one of two things: they can
______________ ______________ or they can ______________. If they wage war, both are likely to lose
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. If they trade, both will gain.
4. 물론 그것이 유럽 연합의 설립 이면에 있는 논리였다. 즉 그것의 국가들, 특히 프랑스와 독일의 운명

을 한데 묶었는데 그렇게 함으로써 그들이 20세기 전반에 너무나도 파괴적인 대가를 치르며 그랬었
던 것처럼 다시는 전쟁을 벌이지 않도록 그들은 저항할 수 없는 이해관계를 가졌을 것이다.4)
That, of course, was the ______________ behind the ______________ of the European Union: to lock
together the ______________ of its nations, especially France and Germany, in such a way that they
would have an ______________ interest not to wage war again as they had done to such
______________ cost in the first half of the twentieth century.
- 62 -
1. The free market has liberated people in a way that Marxism never could.1)
2. What is more, as A. O. Hirschman, the Harvard economic historian, showed in his classic study
The Passions and the Interests, the market was seen by Enlightenment thinkers Adam Smith,
David Hume, and Montesquieu as a powerful solution to one of humanity’s greatest traditional
weaknesses: violence.2)
3. When two nations meet, said Montesquieu, they can do one of two things: they can wage war
will gain.3)
4. That, of course, was the logic behind the establishment of the European Union: to lock together
the first half of the twentieth century.4)
- 63 -

The free market has [liberated / been liberated] people in a way that Marxism never could.
졌다.2)
What is more, as A. O. Hirschman, the Harvard economic historian, showed in his classic study
The Passions and the Interests, the market [was seen / saw] by Enlightenment thinkers Adam
Smith, David Hume, and Montesquieu as a powerful solution to one of humanity’s greatest
traditional [weakness / weaknesses]: violence.

When two nations meet, said Montesquieu, they can do one of two [things / thing]: they can
wage war or they can trade. If they wage war, both are likely to lose in the long run. If they
[will trade / trade], both will gain.

That, of course, [was / were] the logic behind the establishment of the European Union: to lock
together the destinies of its nations, especially France and Germany, in such a way that they
would have an overwhelming interest not to wage war again as they [has / had] done to such
devastating cost in the first half of the twentieth century.
- 64 -

(people / liberated / the / free / has / market) (could / never / that / way / Marxism / in / a)
졌다.2)
The Passions and the Interests, (Enlightenment / was / market / the / by / thinkers / seen)
Adam Smith, David Hume, and Montesquieu (solution / a / as / powerful) (humanity’s /
weaknesses / to / of / greatest / traditional / one): violence.

(meet / two / nations / when), said Montesquieu, (they / of / can / one / things / do / two):
(wage / war / trade / or / can / they / they / can). (wage / war / if / they), (the / to / lose /
run / are likely / both / in / long). (if / trade / they), (both / gain / will).

That, of course, (establishment / was / of / behind / the / the logic / the European Union): (its /
destinies / together / lock / the / nations / to / of), especially France and Germany,
(overwhelming / in / they / an / interest / a / such / would / have / way / that) (not / again /
war / wage / to) (done / cost / as / to / devastating / had / such / they) in the first half of
the twentieth century.
- 65 -
(A) That, of course, was the logic behind the establishment of the European Union: to lock together
the first half of the twentieth century.
(B) The free market has liberated people in a way that Marxism never could. What is more, as A.
O. Hirschman, the Harvard economic historian, showed in his classic study The Passions and the
Interests, the market was seen by Enlightenment thinkers Adam Smith, David Hume, and
Montesquieu as a powerful solution to one of humanity’s greatest traditional weaknesses:
violence.
(C) When two nations meet, said Montesquieu, they can do one of two things: they can wage war
will gain.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 66 -
the free market, have, liberate, people, Marxism, never

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ in a way that
______________ ______________ ______________.
졌다.2)
see, Enlightenment, thinker, powerful, humanity, great, weakness

The Passions and the Interests, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ Adam Smith, David Hume, and Montesquieu as ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________: violence.

nation, meet, thing, wage, trade, likely, lose, gain

When ______________ ______________ ______________, said Montesquieu, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________: ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ or ______________ ______________ ______________. If ______________
______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ in
the long run. If ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________.

the logic, behind, the establishment, lock, destiny, overwhelm, interest, such, devastate, cost
That, of course, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ the European Union: ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, especially France and Germany, in such a
way that they ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ as ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ in the first half of the twentieth century.
- 67 -
본문 해석지
25번
[도표 생략]
The above table shows the share of respondents familiar 위 표는 2020년에 선택된 나라들에서 e-스
포츠에 친숙하거나 참여하는 응답자들의 비
with or engaged in e-sports in selected countries in 2020.
율을 보여 준다. 표 안의 나라들 중, 중국은
① Among the countries in the table, China was the
e-스포츠 친숙도와 e-스포츠 참여도 모두에
country with the highest percentage both in e-sports 서 가장 높은 비율을 가진 나라였다. e-스포
familiarity and in e-sports engagement. ② When it comes 츠 친숙도에 있어서, 덴마크가 인도네시아보
to e-sports familiarity, Denmark showed a higher 다 더 높은 비율을 보였으나, 덴마크의 e-스
포츠 참여도 비율은 인도네시아(e-스포츠 참
percentage than Indonesia, but the percentage of e-sports
여도 비율)보다 더 낮았다. e-스포츠에 친숙
engagement in Denmark was lower than Indonesia’s. ③ 한 미국 응답자들의 비율은 스페인 응답자
The percentage of U.S. respondents familiar with e-sports 들의 그것보다 더 높았고, e-스포츠 참여도
was higher than that of Spanish respondents, and with 에 있어서 미국의 비율은 스페인의 그것의
두 배보다 더 많았다(→ e-스포츠 참여도에
e-sports engagement, the percentage in the U.S. was more
있어서 미국의 비율은 스페인의 그것의 절
than twice that of Spain. ④ While the percentage of 반보다 적었다). 스페인의 e-스포츠 친숙도
e-sports familiarity in Spain was higher than that in the 비율은 아랍 에미리트 연방의 그것보다 더
UAE, the percentage of e-sports engagement in Spain was 높았지만, 스페인의 e-스포츠 참여도 비율은
two percentage points lower than that in the UAE. ⑤ As 아랍 에미리트 연방의 그것보다 2퍼센트포
인트 더 낮았다. e-스포츠 친숙도에 있어서,
for e-sports familiarity, among the selected countries, the
선택된 나라들 중, 아랍에미리트 연방과 이
UAE and Iraq showed the lowest percentage, where fewer 라크는 가장 낮은 비율을 보였고, 그곳에서
than a third of respondents in each country were familiar 각 나라의 3분의 1보다 적은 응답자들이 e-
with e-sports. 스포츠에 친숙했다.
- 68 -
본문 해석지
26번
John Bowlby, British developmental psychologist and 영국 발달 심리학자이자 정신과 의사인

psychiatrist, was born in 1907, to an upper‑middle‑class John Bowlby는 1907년에 상위 중산 계급
family. His father, who was a member of the King’s 가정에서 태어났다. 왕의 의료진의 일원이었
던 그의 아버지는 자주 집을 비웠다.
medical staff, was often absent.
Bowlby was cared for primarily by a nanny and did not Bowlby는 주로 유모에 의해 돌보아졌고 그
spend much time with his mother, as was customary at 의 어머니와 많은 시간을 보내지 못했는데,
that time for his class. 이는 그 당시 그의 계급에서 관례적이었다.
Bowlby는 7살에 기숙 학교로 보내졌다. 그

Bowlby was sent to a boarding school at the age of
는 나중에 이것을 자신의 성장에 있어 충격
seven. He later recalled this as being traumatic to his 적인 일이었다고 회상했다.
development.
그러나 이 경험은 Bowlby에게 큰 영향을 미

This experience, however, proved to have a large impact
쳤던 것으로 판명되었고 그의 연구는 아동
on Bowlby, whose work focused on children’s
의 발달에 중점을 두었다.
development.
Following his father’s suggestion, Bowlby enrolled at Trinity 자신의 아버지의 제안을 따라, Bowlby는
Cambridge의 Trinity 대학에 의학을 공부하
College, Cambridge to study medicine, but by his third
기 위해 입학했으나 3년째 되던 해에 그는
year, he changed his focus to psychology.
자신의 관심을 심리학으로 바꿨다.
During the 1950s, Bowlby briefly worked as a mental 1950년대에 Bowlby는 잠시 세계 보건 기구

health consultant for the World Health Organization. 에서 정신 건강 자문 위원으로 활동했다.
His attachment theory has been described as the 그의 애착 이론은 어린 시절의 사회적 발달
을 이해하는 데 있어 지배적인 접근법으로
dominant approach to understanding early social
평가되어 오고 있다.
development.
- 69 -
1. John Bowlby, British developmental psychologist and psychiatrist, was born in 1907, to an
upper‑middle‑class family. His father, who was a member of the King’s medical staff, was often
absent.1)
영국 발달 ______________이자 ______________ 인 John Bowlby는 1907년에 ______________ 가정에서 태어
났다. 왕의 ______________의 일원이었던 그의 아버지는 자주 집을 비웠다.
2. Bowlby was cared for primarily by a nanny and did not spend much time with his mother, as
was customary at that time for his class.2)
Bowlby는 ______________ 유모에 의해 돌보아졌고 그의 어머니와 많은 시간을 보내지 못했는데, 이는
그 당시 그의 계급에서 ______________이었다.
3. Bowlby was sent to a boarding school at the age of seven. He later recalled this as being
traumatic to his development.3)
Bowlby는 7살에 ______________로 보내졌다. 그는 나중에 이것을 자신의 성장에 있어 ______________ 일
이었다고 ______________.
4. This experience, however, proved to have a large impact on Bowlby, whose work focused on
children’s development.4)
그러나 이 경험은 Bowlby에게 큰 ______________을 미쳤던 것으로 판명되었고 그의 연구는 아동의 발
달______________.
5. Following his father’s suggestion, Bowlby enrolled at Trinity College, Cambridge to study
medicine, but by his third year, he changed his focus to psychology.5)
자신의 아버지의 제안을 따라, Bowlby는 Cambridge의 Trinity 대학에 ______________을 공부하기 위해
______________으나 3년째 되던 해에 그는 자신의 관심을 심리학으로 바꿨다.
6. During the 1950s, Bowlby briefly worked as a mental health consultant for the World Health
Organization.6)
1950년대에 Bowlby는 ______________ 세계 보건 기구에서 정신 건강 ______________ 으로 활동했다.
7. His attachment theory has been described as the dominant approach to understanding early
social development.7)
그의 ______________ 이론은 어린 시절의 사회적 발달을 이해하는 데 있어 ______________ 접근법으로
______________어 오고 있다.
- 70 -
1. 영국 발달 심리학자이자 정신과 의사인 John Bowlby는 1907년에 상위 중산 계급 가정에서 태어났다.

왕의 의료진의 일원이었던 그의 아버지는 자주 집을 비웠다.1)
John Bowlby, British developmental ______________ and ______________, was born in 1907, to an
______________ family. His father, who was a member of the King’s ______________ ______________, was
often absent.
2. Bowlby는 주로 유모에 의해 돌보아졌고 그의 어머니와 많은 시간을 보내지 못했는데, 이는 그 당시

그의 계급에서 관례적이었다.2)
Bowlby was cared for ______________ by a nanny and did not spend much time with his mother,
as was ______________ at that time for his class.
3. Bowlby는 7살에 기숙 학교로 보내졌다. 그는 나중에 이것을 자신의 성장에 있어 충격적인 일이었다
고 회상했다.3)
Bowlby was sent to a ______________ ______________ at the age of seven. He later ______________ this
as being ______________ to his development.
4. 그러나 이 경험은 Bowlby에게 큰 영향을 미쳤던 것으로 판명되었고 그의 연구는 아동의 발달에 중점
을 두었다.4)
This experience, however, proved to have a large ______________ on Bowlby, whose work
______________ ______________ children’s development.
5. 자신의 아버지의 제안을 따라, Bowlby는 Cambridge의 Trinity 대학에 의학을 공부하기 위해 입학했으
나 3년째 되던 해에 그는 자신의 관심을 심리학으로 바꿨다.5)
Following his father’s suggestion, Bowlby ______________ at Trinity College, Cambridge to study
______________, but by his third year, he changed his focus to psychology.
6. 1950년대에 Bowlby는 잠시 세계 보건 기구에서 정신 건강 자문 위원으로 활동했다.6)

During the 1950s, Bowlby ______________ worked as a mental health ______________ for the World
Health Organization.
7. 그의 애착 이론은 어린 시절의 사회적 발달을 이해하는 데 있어 지배적인 접근법으로 평가되어 오고

있다.7)
His ______________ theory has been ______________ as the ______________ approach to understanding
early social development.
- 71 -
1. John Bowlby, British developmental psychologist and psychiatrist, was born in 1907, to an
absent.1)
2. Bowlby was cared for primarily by a nanny and did not spend much time with his mother, as
was customary at that time for his class.2)
3. Bowlby was sent to a boarding school at the age of seven. He later recalled this as being
traumatic to his development.3)
4. This experience, however, proved to have a large impact on Bowlby, whose work focused on
children’s development.4)
5. Following his father’s suggestion, Bowlby enrolled at Trinity College, Cambridge to study
medicine, but by his third year, he changed his focus to psychology.5)
6. During the 1950s, Bowlby briefly worked as a mental health consultant for the World Health
Organization.6)
7. His attachment theory has been described as the dominant approach to understanding early
social development.7)
- 72 -

John Bowlby, British developmental psychologist and psychiatrist, was born in 1907, to an
upper‑middle‑class family. His father, [which / who] was a member of the King’s medical staff,
[was / were] often absent.

Bowlby was [caring / cared] for primarily by a nanny and did not spend much time with his
mother, as was customary at that time for his class.
고 회상했다.3)
Bowlby [sent / was sent] to a boarding school at the age of seven. He later recalled this as
being traumatic to his development.
을 두었다.4)
This experience, however, proved [having / to have] a large impact on Bowlby, [whose / whom]
work focused on children’s development.
[Following / Followed] his father’s suggestion, Bowlby enrolled at Trinity College, Cambridge to
study medicine, but by his third year, he changed his focus to psychology.

[While / During] the 1950s, Bowlby briefly worked as a mental health consultant for the World

있다.7)
His attachment theory has [been described / described] as the dominant approach to
understanding early social development.
- 73 -

upper‑middle‑class family. His father, (who / was / staff / of / a / medical / King’s / member /
the), (absent / was / often).

(a nanny / was / Bowlby / for / cared / primarily by) and (time / his / not / with / did / spend
/ mother / much), as (that / time / was / at / customary) for his class.
고 회상했다.3)
Bowlby (was / of / sent / school / the / at / to / a / seven / age / boarding). (traumatic / his /
to / he / as / being / later recalled / this / development)
을 두었다.4)
This experience, however, (a / proved / on / large / Bowlby / impact / have / to), (on / focused
/ whose / development / work / children’s).
(suggestion / father’s / following / his), Bowlby enrolled at Trinity College, Cambridge to study
medicine, but by his third year, (his / to / he / focus / psychology / changed).
- 74 -

During the 1950s, (consultant / Bowlby / briefly worked / mental / as / a / health) for the World

있다.7)
(been / attachment / described / theory / has / his) (the / to / social / understanding /
dominant / development / early / approach / as)
- 75 -
(A) During the 1950s, Bowlby briefly worked as a mental health consultant for the World Health
Organization. His attachment theory has been described as the dominant approach to
understanding early social development.
(B) John Bowlby, British developmental psychologist and psychiatrist, was born in 1907, to an
absent. Bowlby was cared for primarily by a nanny and did not spend much time with his
mother, as was customary at that time for his class.
(C) Following his father’s suggestion, Bowlby enrolled at Trinity College, Cambridge to study
medicine, but by his third year, he changed his focus to psychology.
(D) Bowlby was sent to a boarding school at the age of seven. He later recalled this as being
traumatic to his development. This experience, however, proved to have a large impact on
Bowlby, whose work focused on children’s development.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 76 -

who, a member, medical, staff, often, absent

upper‑middle‑class family. His father, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________.

care, spend, customary

Bowlby ______________ ______________ ______________ primarily by a nanny and ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, as
______________ ______________ at that time for his class.
고 회상했다.3)
send, a boarding school, recall, this, traumatic, development

Bowlby ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ at the
age of seven. He later ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
을 두었다.4)
proved, have, large, impact, work, focused
This experience, however, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.
- 77 -
follow, suggestion, change, focus

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, Bowlby enrolled at Trinity College,
Cambridge to study medicine, but by his third year, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
work, mental, health, consultant

During the 1950s, Bowlby briefly ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ the World Health Organization.

있다.7)
attachment, have, describe, as, dominant, approach, understand

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ early social development.
- 78 -
본문 해석지
27번
[안내문 생략]
The Great Pumpkin Roll 성대한 호박 굴리기

Let’s race pumpkins by rolling them down a hill! How far 호박들을 언덕 아래로 굴리면서 경주하게
합시다! 그것들은 길을 건너 얼마나 멀리까
will they go across the road?
지 갈까요?
▫ Date: The last Sunday of May, 2021 ▫ 날짜: 2021년 5월의 마지막 일요일
▫ Location: Branford Hill in the town of Goomeri ▫ 장소: Goomeri 마을의 Branford Hill
▫ 등록비: 성인 10달러, 십 대 2달러
▫ Registration Fee: $10 for adults, $2 for teens
▫ 규칙
▫ Rules · 자신의 호박을 가장 멀리 굴린 참가자가
· The participant who rolls their pumpkin farthest wins. 우승합니다.
· Pumpkins must be at least 15 cm in width. · 호박은 너비가 최소 15센티미터이어야
만 합니다.
· Participants must roll pumpkins only using an underarm
· 참가자들은 팔을 아래로 내린 동작만을
action. 사용하여 호박을 굴려야 합니다.
· Each participant has only one opportunity to roll a · 각 참가자는 호박을 굴릴 수 있는 기회
pumpkin. 를 단 한 번만 갖습니다.
▫ Prizes ▫ 상금
· 자신의 호박이 Lucky Spot에 안착한 사
· $1,000 for the person whose pumpkin lands in the
람에게 1,000달러(한 명보다 많은 참가자
Lucky Spot (If more than one participant lands their 가 Lucky Spot에 자신의 호박을 안착시키
pumpkin in the Lucky Spot, the money will be divided 면, 그 상금은 균등하게 분배될 것입니다.)
equally.) · 성인 우승자에게 500달러, 십 대 우승자
에게 200달러
· $500 for the adult champion and $200 for the teen
champion www.goomeripumpkinfestival.com을 방문해
주십시오.
Please visit www.goomeripumpkinfestival.com.
- 79 -
본문 해석지
28번
[안내문 생략]
Plogging Event 플로깅 행사

Have you heard of Plogging? It comes from the Swedish 플로깅에 대해 들어본 적 있으신가요? 그것
은 줍는다는 의미의 스웨덴 단어인 ‘plocka
word for pick up, “plocka upp” and is a combination of
upp’에서 왔으며 조깅과 쓰레기 줍기가 결
jogging and picking up litter. In 2016, it started in Sweden 합된 말입니다. 2016년에 그것은 스웨덴에
and has recently come to the UK, becoming a new 서 시작되었고 최근 영국으로 건너와 자연을
movement for saving nature. 보호하기 위한 새로운 운동이 되었습니다.
언제 그리고 어디서
When & Where
· 매달 첫 번째 월요일 오전 9시
· 9 a.m. on the first Monday of each month · East Twickenham에 있는 ETNA 센터 밖
· Outside the ETNA Centre, East Twickenham
준비해야 할 것
What to Prepare · 여러분의 운동화만 가져오세요. 그러면 우
· Just bring your running shoes, and we will provide all 리가 다른 모든 장비들을 지급할 것입니다.
· 참가비는 무료이나 우리의 자연보호 활동
the other equipment.
을 위한 기부는 기꺼이 받습니다.
· There is no fee to participate, but you are welcome to
donate toward our conservation work. ※ 참가하기 위해 예약은 필요하지 않습니다.
더 많은 정보를 원하시면
※ No reservations are necessary to participate. www.environmenttrust.org를 방문하십시오.
For more information, visit www.environmenttrust.org.
- 80 -
본문 해석지
29번
Anchoring bias describes the cognitive error you make 기준점 편향은 초기 정보의 상대적인 질이
when you tend to give more weight to information 나 적절성과 상관없이, 여러분이 어떠한 상
arriving early in a situation compared to information 황에서 나중에 도착하는 정보에 비하여 일
찍 도착하는 정보에 더 비중을 두는 경향이
arriving later ― regardless of the relative quality or
있을 때 여러분이 저지르는 인지 오류를 말
relevance of that initial information. 한다.
Whatever data is presented to you first when you start to 여러분이 어떠한 상황을 보기 시작할 때 여
look at a situation can form an “anchor” and it becomes 러분에게 처음으로 어떠한 정보가 제시되든
지가 ‘기준점’을 형성할 수 있고, 여러분의
significantly more challenging to alter your mental course
생각의 방향을 이 기준점에서 벗어나도록
away from this anchor than it logically should be. 바꾸는 것은 논리적으로 그러해야 하는 것
보다 상당히 더 어려워진다.
A classic example of anchoring bias in emergency 응급 진료에서 기준점 편향의 고전적인 예

medicine is “triage bias,” where whatever the first 는 ‘부상자 분류 편향’인데, 이는 여러분이
impression you develop, or are given, about a patient 환자에 대해 어떠한 첫인상을 갖거나 받든
지가 그 환자를 보는 모든 다음의 의료 종
tends to influence all subsequent providers seeing that
사자들에게 영향을 미치는 경향이 있다는
patient. 것이다.
For example, imagine two patients presenting for 예를 들어 이따금 가슴까지 아래로 퍼지는
emergency care with aching jaw pain that occasionally 쑤시는 턱 통증으로 응급 치료를 위해 나타
난 두 명의 환자들을 상상해 보아라.
extends down to their chest.
Differences in how the intake providers label the chart — 환자를 예진하는 의료 종사자들이 어떻게
차트에 분류하는가의 차이, 예를 들어 ‘턱
“jaw pain” vs. “chest pain,” for example — create anchors
통증’ 대 ‘가슴 통증’ 중 무엇으로 분류하는
that might result in significant differences in how the
가의 차이는 그 환자들이 어떻게 치료받는
patients are treated. 가에 있어 중대한 차이를 초래할 수도 있는
기준점을 만든다.
- 81 -
1. Anchoring bias describes the cognitive error you make when you tend to give more weight to
information arriving early in a situation compared to information arriving later ― regardless of the
relative quality or relevance of that initial information.1)
______________ 은 ______________ 정보의 ______________ 질이나 ______________과 상관없이, 여러분이 어떠
한 상황에서 나중에 도착하는 정보______________ 일찍 도착하는 정보에 더 ______________을 두는 경향
이 있을 때 여러분이 저지르는 ______________ 오류를 말한다.
2. Whatever data is presented to you first when you start to look at a situation can form an
“anchor” and it becomes significantly more challenging to alter your mental course away from
this anchor than it logically should be.2)
여러분이 어떠한 상황을 보기 시작할 때 여러분에게 처음으로 어떠한 정보가 제시되든지가 ‘기준점’
을 ______________ 수 있고, 여러분의 생각의 방향을 이 기준점에서 벗어나도록 ______________는 것은
______________ 그러해야 하는 것보다 ______________ 더 ______________진다.
3. A classic example of anchoring bias in emergency medicine is “triage bias,” where whatever the
first impression you develop, or are given, about a patient tends to influence all subsequent
providers seeing that patient.3)
______________ 에서 기준점 편향의 ______________ 예는 ‘부상자 분류 편향’인데, 이는 여러분이 환자에
대해 어떠한 첫______________을 갖거나 받든지가 그 환자를 보는 모든 ______________ 의료 종사자들에
게 영향을 미치는 경향이 있다는 것이다.
4. For example, imagine two patients presenting for emergency care with aching jaw pain that
occasionally extends down to their chest.4)
예를 들어 ______________ ______________까지 아래로 ______________는 쑤시는 ______________ 통증으로 응
급 치료를 위해 ______________ 두 명의 환자들을 상상해 보아라.
5. Differences in how the intake providers label the chart — “jaw pain” vs. “chest pain,” for example
— create anchors that might result in significant differences in how the patients are treated.5)
환자를 예진하는 의료 종사자들이 어떻게 차트에 ______________는가의 차이, 예를 들어 ‘턱 통증’ 대
‘가슴 통증’ 중 무엇으로 분류하는가의 차이는 그 환자들이 어떻게 치료받는가에 있어 중대한 차이
______________ 수도 있는 기준점을 만든다.
- 82 -
1. 기준점 편향은 초기 정보의 상대적인 질이나 적절성과 상관없이, 여러분이 어떠한 상황에서 나중에
도착하는 정보에 비하여 일찍 도착하는 정보에 더 비중을 두는 경향이 있을 때 여러분이 저지르는
인지 오류를 말한다.1)
______________ ______________ describes the ______________ error you make when you tend to give
more ______________ to information arriving early in a situation ______________ ______________
information arriving later ― regardless of the ______________ quality or ______________ of that
______________ information.
2. 여러분이 어떠한 상황을 보기 시작할 때 여러분에게 처음으로 어떠한 정보가 제시되든지가 ‘기준점’
을 형성할 수 있고, 여러분의 생각의 방향을 이 기준점에서 벗어나도록 바꾸는 것은 논리적으로 그러
해야 하는 것보다 상당히 더 어려워진다.2)
Whatever data is presented to you first when you start to look at a situation can ______________
an “anchor” and it becomes ______________ more ______________ to ______________ your mental course
away from this anchor than it ______________ should be.
3. 응급 진료에서 기준점 편향의 고전적인 예는 ‘부상자 분류 편향’인데, 이는 여러분이 환자에 대해 어

떠한 첫인상을 갖거나 받든지가 그 환자를 보는 모든 다음의 의료 종사자들에게 영향을 미치는 경향
이 있다는 것이다.3)
A ______________ example of anchoring bias in ______________ ______________ is “triage bias,” where
whatever the first ______________ you develop, or are given, about a patient tends to influence all
______________ providers seeing that patient.
4. 예를 들어 이따금 가슴까지 아래로 퍼지는 쑤시는 턱 통증으로 응급 치료를 위해 나타난 두 명의 환

자들을 상상해 보아라.4)
For example, imagine two patients ______________ for emergency care with aching ______________
pain that ______________ ______________ down to their ______________.
5. 환자를 예진하는 의료 종사자들이 어떻게 차트에 분류하는가의 차이, 예를 들어 ‘턱 통증’ 대 ‘가슴 통

증’ 중 무엇으로 분류하는가의 차이는 그 환자들이 어떻게 치료받는가에 있어 중대한 차이를 초래할
수도 있는 기준점을 만든다.5)
Differences in how the intake providers ______________ the chart — “jaw pain ”vs. “chest pain,” for
example — create anchors that might ______________ ______________ significant differences in how the
patients are treated.
- 83 -
1. Anchoring bias describes the cognitive error you make when you tend to give more weight to
information arriving early in a situation compared to information arriving later ― regardless of the
relative quality or relevance of that initial information.1)
2. Whatever data is presented to you first when you start to look at a situation can form an
this anchor than it logically should be.2)
3. A classic example of anchoring bias in emergency medicine is “triage bias,” where whatever the
providers seeing that patient.3)
4. For example, imagine two patients presenting for emergency care with aching jaw pain that
occasionally extends down to their chest.4)
5. Differences in how the intake providers label the chart — “jaw pain” vs. “chest pain,” for example
— create anchors that might result in significant differences in how the patients are treated.5)
- 84 -
Anchoring bias describes the cognitive error you make when you tend [giving / to give] more
weight to information arriving early in a situation compared to information arriving later ―
regardless of the [relative / relatively] quality or relevance of that initial information.
Whatever data is [presenting / presented] to you first when you start to look at a situation can
[form / be formed] an “anchor” and it becomes significantly more challenging to alter your
mental course away from this anchor than it logically should be.

A classic example of anchoring bias in emergency medicine [are / is] “triage bias,” where
whatever the first impression you develop, or are given, about a patient [tend / tends] to
influence all [subsequent / subsequently] providers [seeing / seen] that patient.

For example, imagine two patients [presented / presenting] for emergency care with aching jaw
pain that occasionally [extend / extends] down to their chest.

Differences in how the intake providers label the chart — “jaw pain” vs. “chest pain,” for example
— [create / creates] anchors [that / what] might result in significant differences in how the
patients are [treated / treating].
- 85 -
(describes / cognitive / you / the / anchoring bias / error / make) (to / arriving early / give / to
/ weight / tend / when / more / a situation / you / in / information) (arriving later /
information / compared / to) ― regardless of (relevance / relative / initial / information / that /
of / the / or / quality).
(you first / data / presented / whatever / is / to) (at / when / you / start / to / look / a
situation) can form an “anchor” and (more / it / challenging / becomes significantly) (away /
anchor / your / alter / course / mental / from / to / this) than it logically should be.

(a / of / anchoring bias / classic / example) in emergency medicine is “triage bias,” (whatever /
develop, / where / or / the / impression / first / given / you / are), about a patient (to / seeing
/ tends / influence / all / providers / that / subsequent / patient).
- 86 -

For example, (for / imagine / two / emergency / care / patients / presenting) (that / with / pain
/ down / jaw / their / to / occasionally extends / aching / chest).

(intake / the chart / the / label / differences / in / how / providers) — “jaw pain” vs. “chest
pain,” for example — (anchors / differences / significant / result / create / might / in / that) (the
/ patients / are / in / treated / how).
- 87 -
(A) A classic example of anchoring bias in emergency medicine is “triage bias,” where whatever the
providers seeing that patient.
(B) For example, imagine two patients presenting for emergency care with aching jaw pain that
occasionally extends down to their chest. Differences in how the intake providers label the chart
— “jaw pain” vs. “chest pain,” for example — create anchors that might result in significant
differences in how the patients are treated.
(C) Anchoring bias describes the cognitive error you make when you tend to give more weight to
information arriving early in a situation compared to information arriving later ― regardless of
the relative quality or relevance of that initial information.
(D) Whatever data is presented to you first when you start to look at a situation can form an
this anchor than it logically should be.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 88 -
describe, cognitive, error, tend, give, weight, arrive, early, later, relative, quality, relevance, initial
Anchoring bias ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
when you ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ in a situation compared to ______________ ______________
______________ ― regardless of ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
whatever, data, present, start, look, form, challenging, alter, mental, course, away
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ first when
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ an “anchor” and it becomes significantly ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ than it logically should be.

classic, whatever, impression, develop, give, tend, influence, all, subsequent, provider, see, that
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ in emergency
medicine is “triage bias,” where ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, or ______________ ______________, about a patient ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 89 -

imagine, present, care, ache, pain, that, extend

For example, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ with ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ occasionally ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
5. 환자를 예진하는 의료 종사자들이 어떻게 차트에 분류하는가의 차이들, 예를 들어 ‘턱 통증’ 대 ‘가슴

통증’ 중 무엇으로 분류하는가의 차이는 그 환자들이 어떻게 치료받는가에 있어 중대한 차이들을 초
래할 수도 있는 기준점들을 만든다.5)
difference, in, the intake provider, label, create, that, might, result, significant, treat
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ the
chart — “jaw pain” vs. “chest pain,” for example — ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 90 -
본문 해석지
30번
In order for us to be able to retain valuable pieces of 우리가 가치 있는 정보의 조각들을 기억할
information, our brain has to forget in a manner that is 수 있기 위해서 우리의 뇌는 조준되면서도
both targeted and controlled. 통제된 방식으로 잊어야만 한다.
Can you recall, for example, your very first day of school? 예를 들어 여러분은 여러분의 학교에서의
그 첫날을 기억할 수 있는가? 여러분은 아
You most likely have one or two noteworthy images in
마도 여러분의 필통에 크레용과 연필을 넣
your head, such as putting your crayons and pencils into 는 것과 같은 주목할 만한 심상 한두 개를
your pencil case. 머릿속에 가지고 있을 것이다.
But that’s probably the extent of the specifics. Those 하지만 그것은 아마도 세부 사항의 범위일
additional details that are apparently unimportant are 것이다. 명백히 중요하지 않은 그러한 추가
적인 세부 사항들은 여러분이 그 상황을 계
actively deleted from your brain the more you go about
속 기억하려고 할수록 여러분의 뇌에서 적
remembering the situation. 극적으로 삭제된다.
The reason for this is that the brain does not consider it 이것의 이유는 뇌가 예를 들어 여러분의 학
valuable to remember all of the details as long as it is 교에서의 첫날이 좋았다와 같은 주요 메시
지를 전달할 수 있는 한 그것이 모든 세부
able to convey the main message (i.e., your first day of
사항을 기억하는 것을 가치 있다고 여기지
school was great). 않기 때문이다.
In fact, studies have shown that the brain actively 사실 연구들은 주기억을 저해하는 경향이
suppresses regions responsible for insignificant or minor 있는 중요하지 않거나 사소한 기억 내용을
책임지는 영역을 뇌가 적극적으로 억제한다
memory content that tends to disturb the main memory.
는 것을 보여 왔다.
Over time, the minor details vanish more and more, 시간이 지나면서 그 사소한 세부 사항들이
though this in turn serves to sharpen the most important 점점 더 사라지지만, 그래도 이것은 결국 과
거의 가장 중요한 메시지들을 선명하게 하
messages of the past.
는 데 도움이 된다.
- 91 -
1. In order for us to be able to retain valuable pieces of information, our brain has to forget in a
manner that is both targeted and controlled.1)
우리가 ______________ 정보의 조각들을 ______________ 수 있기 위해서 우리의 뇌는 ______________면서도
______________ ______________으로 잊어야만 한다.
2. Can you recall, for example, your very first day of school? You most likely have one or two
noteworthy images in your head, such as putting your crayons and pencils into your pencil case.2)
예를 들어 여러분은 여러분의 학교에서의 그 첫날을 ______________ 수 있는가? 여러분은 아마도 여러
분의 필통에 크레용과 연필을 넣는 것과 같은 ______________ 심상 한두 개를 머릿속에 가지고 있을
것이다.
3. But that’s probably the extent of the specifics. Those additional details that are apparently
unimportant are actively deleted from your brain the more you go about remembering the
situation.3)
하지만 그것은 아마도 ______________ 의 ______________일 것이다. 명백히 중요하지 않은 그러한
______________ 세부 사항들은 여러분이 그 상황을 계속 기억하려고 할수록 여러분의 뇌에서
______________ 삭제된다.
4. The reason for this is that the brain does not consider it valuable to remember all of the details
as long as it is able to convey the main message (i.e., your first day of school was great).4)
이것의 이유는 뇌가 예를 들어 여러분의 학교에서의 첫날이 좋았다와 같은 ______________ 메시지를
______________ 수 있는 한 그것이 모든 세부 사항을 기억하는 것을 가치 있다고 여기지 않기 때문이다.
5. In fact, studies have shown that the brain actively suppresses regions responsible for insignificant
or minor memory content that tends to disturb the main memory.5)
사실 연구들은 주기억을 ______________는 경향이 있는 ______________ 거나 ______________ 기억 내용을
______________ 영역을 뇌가 적극적으로 ______________는 것을 보여 왔다.
6. Over time, the minor details vanish more and more, though this in turn serves to sharpen the
most important messages of the past.6)
시간이 지나면서 그 사소한 세부 사항들이 점점 더 ______________지만, 그래도 이것은 ______________
과거의 가장 중요한 메시지들을 ______________ 는 데 ______________.
- 92 -
1. 우리가 가치 있는 정보의 조각들을 기억할 수 있기 위해서 우리의 뇌는 조준되면서도 통제된 방식으

로 잊어야만 한다.1)
In order for us to be able to ______________ ______________ pieces of information, our brain has to
forget in a ______________ that is both ______________ and ______________.
2. 예를 들어 여러분은 여러분의 학교에서의 그 첫날을 기억할 수 있는가? 여러분은 아마도 여러분의

필통에 크레용과 연필을 넣는 것과 같은 주목할 만한 심상 한두 개를 머릿속에 가지고 있을 것이다.2)
Can you ______________, for example, your very first day of school? You most likely have one or
two ______________ images in your head, such as putting your crayons and pencils into your pencil
case.
3. 하지만 그것은 아마도 세부 사항의 범위일 것이다. 명백히 중요하지 않은 그러한 추가적인 세부 사항
들은 여러분이 그 상황을 계속 기억하려고 할수록 여러분의 뇌에서 적극적으로 삭제된다.3)
But that’s probably the ______________ of the ______________. Those ______________ details that are
apparently unimportant are ______________ deleted from your brain the more you go about
remembering the situation.
4. 이것의 이유는 뇌가 예를 들어 여러분의 학교에서의 첫날이 좋았다와 같은 주요 메시지를 전달할 수

있는 한 그것이 모든 세부 사항을 기억하는 것을 가치 있다고 여기지 않기 때문이다.4)
The reason for this is that the brain does not consider it valuable to remember all of the details
as long as it is able to ______________ the ______________ message (i.e., your first day of school was
great).
5. 사실 연구들은 주기억을 저해하는 경향이 있는 중요하지 않거나 사소한 기억 내용을 책임지는 영역

을 뇌가 적극적으로 억제한다는 것을 보여 왔다.5)
In fact, studies have shown that the brain actively ______________ regions ______________ for
______________ or ______________ memory content that tends to ______________ the main memory.
6. 시간이 지나면서 그 사소한 세부 사항들이 점점 더 사라지지만, 그래도 이것은 결국 과거의 가장 중

요한 메시지들을 선명하게 하는 데 도움이 된다.6)
Over time, the minor details ______________ more and more, though this ______________ ______________
______________ to ______________ the most important messages of the past.
- 93 -
1. In order for us to be able to retain valuable pieces of information, our brain has to forget in a
manner that is both targeted and controlled.1)
2. Can you recall, for example, your very first day of school? You most likely have one or two
noteworthy images in your head, such as putting your crayons and pencils into your pencil case.2)
3. But that’s probably the extent of the specifics. Those additional details that are apparently
situation.3)
4. The reason for this is that the brain does not consider it valuable to remember all of the details
as long as it is able to convey the main message (i.e., your first day of school was great).4)
5. In fact, studies have shown that the brain actively suppresses regions responsible for insignificant
or minor memory content that tends to disturb the main memory.5)
6. Over time, the minor details vanish more and more, though this in turn serves to sharpen the
most important messages of the past.6)
- 94 -

In order [of / for] us to be able [retaining / to retain] valuable pieces of information, our brain
has to forget in a manner that [are / is] both targeted and controlled.

Can you recall, for example, your very first day of school? You most likely [have / to have] one
or two noteworthy images in your head, such as putting your crayons and pencils into your
pencil case.
But that’s probably the extent of the specifics. Those additional details that [is / are] apparently
unimportant [are / is] actively [deleting / deleted] from your brain the more you go about
remembering the situation.

The reason for this [is / are] that the brain does not consider it [valuably / valuable] to
remember all of the details as long as it is able [conveying / to convey] the main message (i.e.,
your first day of school was great).

In fact, studies have [been shown / shown] [that / what] the brain actively suppresses regions
[responsibly / responsible] for insignificant or minor memory content that [tend / tends] [to
disturb / disturbing] the main memory.

Over time, the minor details vanish more and more, though this in turn [serve / serves]
[sharpening / to sharpen] the most important messages of the past.
- 95 -

(for / order / of / in / able / retain / to / pieces / to / be / us / information / valuable),
(manner / in / our / a / has to / brain / forget) (and / controlled / that / is both / targeted)

Can you recall, for example, your very first day of school? (or / you most likely / two /
noteworthy / have / images / one) in your head, (pencils / and / your / such as / crayons /
pencil / putting / case / your / into).
But that’s probably the extent of the specifics. (details / those / additional / unimportant / are
apparently / that) (brain / are actively / deleted / your / from) (more / the situation / you / go
/ about / the / remembering)

(is / that / the reason / this / for) (to / the brain / valuable / not / does / remember / all / it /
consider / of / the details) as long as (to / is / able / convey / main / the / it / message) (i.e.,
your first day of school was great).
- 96 -

In fact, (studies / shown / that / have) (actively suppresses / insignificant / responsible / for /
content / brain / or minor / the / memory / regions) (the / disturb / memory / to / tends /
main / that).

Over time, (minor / more / vanish / the / more / details / and), though this in turn (messages /
of / the / most / the past / sharpen / important / to / serves).
- 97 -
(A) In order for us to be able to retain valuable pieces of information, our brain has to forget in a
manner that is both targeted and controlled. Can you recall, for example, your very first day of
school? You most likely have one or two noteworthy images in your head, such as putting your
crayons and pencils into your pencil case.
(B) In fact, studies have shown that the brain actively suppresses regions responsible for insignificant
or minor memory content that tends to disturb the main memory. Over time, the minor details
vanish more and more, though this in turn serves to sharpen the most important messages of
the past.
(C) But that’s probably the extent of the specifics. Those additional details that are apparently
situation. The reason for this is that the brain does not consider it valuable to remember all of
the details as long as it is able to convey the main message (i.e., your first day of school was
great).
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 98 -

order, able, retain, valuable, piece, have to, that, both, target, control
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, our brain
______________ ______________ ______________ in a manner ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.

have, noteworthy, image, put, into

Can you recall, for example, your very first day of school? You most likely ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ in your head, such as
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.
3. 하지만 그것은 아마도 세부 사항들의 범위일 것이다. 명백히 중요하지 않은 그러한 추가적인 세부 사
항들은 여러분이 그 상황을 계속 기억하려고 할수록 여러분의 뇌에서 적극적으로 삭제된다.3)
additional, detail, that, unimportant, delete, go, remember

But that’s probably the extent of the specifics. ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ apparently ______________ ______________ actively ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ the more ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.

that, consider, it, valuable, all, able, convey, main

The reason ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ as long as ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ (i.e., your first
day of school was great).
- 99 -

들을 뇌가 적극적으로 억제한다는 것을 보여 왔다.5)
have, show, suppress, region, responsible, insignificant, minor, that, tend, disturb
In fact, studies ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ actively
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ the main
memory.

vanish, serve, sharpen
Over time, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, though this in turn ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 100 -
본문 해석지
31번
The elements any particular animal needs are relatively 어떤 특정한 동물이 필요로 하는 요소들은
predictable. They are predictable based on the past: what 상대적으로 예측 가능하다. 그것들은 과거에
an animal’s ancestors needed is likely to be what that 기반하여 예측이 가능한데, 즉 한 동물의 조
상들이 필요로 했던 것은 그 동물이 또한
animal also needs.
필요로 하는 것일 가능성이 있다.
Taste preferences, therefore, can be hardwired. Consider 그러므로 맛 선호도는 타고나는 것일 수 있

sodium (Na). The bodies of terrestrial vertebrates, including 다. 나트륨(Na)을 생각해 보아라. 포유동물
those of mammals, tend to have a concentration of 의 몸을 포함하여 육생 척추동물의 몸은 육
지의 주된 생산자인 식물의 나트륨 농도보
sodium nearly fifty times that of the primary producers on
다 거의 50배 되는 그것을 가지는 경향이
land, plants. 있다.
This is, in part, because vertebrates evolved in the sea and 이는 부분적으로는 척추동물이 바다에서 진
so evolved cells dependent upon the ingredients that were 화했고 따라서 나트륨을 포함하여 바다에서
흔했던 성분들에 의존한 세포를 진화시켰기
common in the sea, including sodium.
때문이다.
To remedy the difference between their needs for sodium 나트륨에 대한 그것들의 욕구와 식물에서
얻을 수 있는 그것(나트륨) 사이의 격차를
and that available in plants, herbivores can eat fifty times
해결하기 위해 초식 동물은 그것들이 그렇
more plant material than they otherwise need (and 지 않으면 필요로 하는 것보다 50배 더 많
eliminate the excess). 은 식물을 섭취할 수 있다(그리고 초과분을
배설한다).
Or they can seek out other sources of sodium. The salt 또는 그것들은 나트륨의 다른 공급원을 찾
taste receptor rewards animals for doing the latter, seeking 아다닐 수 있다. 짠맛 수용기는 후자의 행
위, 즉 그것들의 엄청난 욕구를 충족시키기
out salt in order to satisfy their great need.
위해 소금을 찾아다니는 것에 대해 동물에
게 보상을 한다.
- 101 -
1. The elements any particular animal needs are relatively predictable. They are predictable based
on the past: what an animal’s ancestors needed is likely to be what that animal also needs.1)
어떤 특정한 동물이 필요로 하는 ______________은 ______________ 예측 가능하다. 그것들은 과거에 기반
하여 예측이 가능한데, 즉 한 동물의 ______________이 필요로 했던 것은 그 동물이 또한 필요로 하는
것일 가능성이 있다.
2. Taste preferences, therefore, can be hardwired. Consider sodium (Na). The bodies of terrestrial
vertebrates, including those of mammals, tend to have a concentration of sodium nearly fifty
times that of the primary producers on land, plants.2)
그러므로 맛 ______________는 ______________ 것일 수 있다. 나트륨(Na)을 생각해 보아라. ______________
의 몸을 포함하여 육생 척추동물의 몸은 육지의 주된 ______________인 식물의 나트륨 ______________보
다 거의 50배 되는 그것을 가지는 경향이 있다.
3. This is, in part, because vertebrates evolved in the sea and so evolved cells dependent upon the
ingredients that were common in the sea, including sodium.3)
이는 ______________ 척추동물이 바다에서 진화했고 따라서 나트륨을 포함하여 바다에서 흔했던
______________ ______________ 세포를 진화시켰기 때문이다.
4. To remedy the difference between their needs for sodium and that available in plants, herbivores
can eat fifty times more plant material than they otherwise need (and eliminate the excess).4)
나트륨에 대한 그것들의 욕구와 식물에서 얻을 수 있는 그것(나트륨) 사이의 격차를 ______________기
위해 초식 동물은 그것들이 ______________ 필요로 하는 것보다 50배 더 많은 식물을 섭취할 수 있다
(그리고 초과분을 배설한다).
5. Or they can seek out other sources of sodium. The salt taste receptor rewards animals for doing
the latter, seeking out salt in order to satisfy their great need.5)
또는 그것들은 나트륨의 다른 공급원______________ 다닐 수 있다. 짠맛 ______________는 ______________
의 행위, 즉 그것들의 엄청난 욕구를 ______________기 위해 소금______________다니는 것에 대해 동물에
게 ______________.
- 102 -
1. 어떤 특정한 동물이 필요로 하는 요소들은 상대적으로 예측 가능하다. 그것들은 과거에 기반하여 예

측이 가능한데, 즉 한 동물의 조상들이 필요로 했던 것은 그 동물이 또한 필요로 하는 것일 가능성이
있다.1)
The ______________ any particular animal needs are ______________ predictable. They are predictable
based on the past: what an animal’s ______________ needed is likely to be what that animal also
needs.
2. 그러므로 맛 선호도는 타고나는 것일 수 있다. 나트륨(Na)을 생각해 보아라. 포유동물의 몸을 포함하

여 육생 척추동물의 몸은 육지의 주된 생산자인 식물의 나트륨 농도보다 거의 50배 되는 그것을 가
지는 경향이 있다.2)
Taste ______________, therefore, can be ______________. Consider sodium (Na). The bodies of
terrestrial vertebrates, including those of ______________, tend to have a ______________ of sodium
nearly fifty times that of the primary ______________ on land, plants.
3. 이는 부분적으로는 척추동물이 바다에서 진화했고 따라서 나트륨을 포함하여 바다에서 흔했던 성분

들에 의존한 세포를 진화시켰기 때문이다.3)
This is, ______________ ______________, because vertebrates evolved in the sea and so evolved cells
______________ ______________ the ______________ that were common in the sea, including sodium.
4. 나트륨에 대한 그것들의 욕구와 식물에서 얻을 수 있는 그것(나트륨) 사이의 격차를 해결하기 위해

초식 동물은 그것들이 그렇지 않으면 필요로 하는 것보다 50배 더 많은 식물을 섭취할 수 있다(그리
고 초과분을 배설한다).4)
To ______________ the difference between their needs for sodium and that available in plants,
herbivores can eat fifty times more plant material than they ______________ need (and eliminate
the excess).
5. 또는 그것들은 나트륨의 다른 공급원을 찾아다닐 수 있다. 짠맛 수용기는 후자의 행위, 즉 그것들의

엄청난 욕구를 충족시키기 위해 소금을 찾아다니는 것에 대해 동물에게 보상을 한다.5)
Or they can ______________ ______________ other sources of sodium. The salt taste ______________
______________ animals for doing the ______________, ______________ ______________ salt in order to
______________ their great need.
- 103 -
1. The elements any particular animal needs are relatively predictable. They are predictable based
on the past: what an animal’s ancestors needed is likely to be what that animal also needs.1)
2. Taste preferences, therefore, can be hardwired. Consider sodium (Na). The bodies of terrestrial
times that of the primary producers on land, plants.2)
3. This is, in part, because vertebrates evolved in the sea and so evolved cells dependent upon the
ingredients that were common in the sea, including sodium.3)
4. To remedy the difference between their needs for sodium and that available in plants, herbivores
can eat fifty times more plant material than they otherwise need (and eliminate the excess).4)
5. Or they can seek out other sources of sodium. The salt taste receptor rewards animals for doing
the latter, seeking out salt in order to satisfy their great need.5)
- 104 -

있다.1)
The elements any particular animal needs [are / is] relatively predictable. They are predictable
based on the past: [what / that] an animal’s ancestors needed [is / are] likely to be [that / what]
that animal also needs.

Taste preferences, therefore, can be hardwired. Consider sodium (Na). The bodies of terrestrial
vertebrates, including those of mammals, tend [having / to have] a concentration of sodium
nearly fifty times [those / that] of the primary producers on land, plants.

This is, in part, [because / because of] vertebrates evolved in the sea and so evolved cells
dependent upon the ingredients [what / that] [was / were] common in the sea, including sodium.

[Remedy / To remedy] the difference between their needs for sodium and that available in
plants, herbivores can eat fifty times more plant material than they otherwise need (and eliminate
the excess).

Or they can seek out [other / another] sources of sodium. The salt taste receptor rewards
animals for doing the latter, [sought / seeking] out salt in order to satisfy their great need.
- 105 -

있다.1)
(the elements / predictable / particular / are relatively / animal / any / needs). (they / the past /
predictable / are / based / on): (ancestors / needed / an animal’s / likely / what / is / that
animal / be / what / to / also needs)

Taste preferences, therefore, can be hardwired. Consider sodium (Na). (bodies / terrestrial /
vertebrates / the / of), (of / those / including / mammals), (sodium / tend / nearly fifty times /
of / to / have / a concentration) (producers / the / land / on / primary / of / that), plants.

This is, in part, (because / evolved / sea / the / vertebrates / in) and (the / evolved /
ingredients / cells / upon / so / dependent) (common / the / sea / in / that / were), including
sodium.

(remedy / available / and / to / that / between / needs / their / sodium / the difference / for /
in / plants), (more / material / than / plant / fifty / herbivores / can / times / eat) they
otherwise need (and eliminate the excess).

Or (sodium / can / they / out / other / seek / sources / of). (the / doing / latter / taste / for /
rewards / receptor / salt / the / animals), (out / salt / seeking) (satisfy / in / great / their /
need / order / to).
- 106 -
(A) This is, in part, because vertebrates evolved in the sea and so evolved cells dependent upon
the ingredients that were common in the sea, including sodium.
(B) Taste preferences, therefore, can be hardwired. Consider sodium (Na). The bodies of terrestrial
times that of the primary producers on land, plants.
(C) The elements any particular animal needs are relatively predictable. They are predictable based
on the past: what an animal’s ancestors needed is likely to be what that animal also needs.
(D) To remedy the difference between their needs for sodium and that available in plants,
herbivores can eat fifty times more plant material than they otherwise need (and eliminate the
excess). Or they can seek out other sources of sodium. The salt taste receptor rewards animals
for doing the latter, seeking out salt in order to satisfy their great need.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 107 -

있다.1)
the element, any, particular, need, based, ancestor, likely
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
relatively predictable. They are predictable ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________:
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ also needs.
2. 그러므로 맛 선호도는 타고나는 것일 수 있다. 나트륨(Na)을 생각해 보아라. 포유동물들의 그것들을

포함하여 육생 척추동물의 몸은 육지의 주된 생산자들인 식물의 나트륨 농도보다 거의 50배 되는 그
것을 가지는 경향이 있다.2)
tend, have, a concentration, primary, producer

Taste preferences, therefore, can be hardwired. Consider sodium (Na). The bodies of terrestrial
vertebrates, including those of mammals, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ nearly ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, plants.

들에 의존한 세포들을 진화시켰기 때문이다.3)
evolve, sea, cell, dependent, upon, the ingredient, that, common
This is, in part, because vertebrates ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ and so
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, including sodium.
- 108 -
4. 나트륨에 대한 그것들의 욕구들과 식물에서 얻을 수 있는 그것(나트륨) 사이의 격차를 해결하기 위해

초식 동물들은 그것들이 그렇지 않으면 필요로 하는 것보다 50배 더 많은 식물 물질을 섭취할 수 있
다(그리고 초과분을 배설한다).4)
remedy, the difference, need, available, material

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
herbivores ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ they otherwise need (and eliminate the excess).
5. 또는 그것들은 나트륨의 다른 공급원들을 찾아다닐 수 있다. 짠맛 수용기는 후자의 행위, 즉 그것들

의 엄청난 욕구를 충족시키기 위해 소금을 찾아다니는 것에 대해 동물에게 보상을 한다.5)
seek, out, source, reward, the latter, order, satisfy, great

Or ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________. The salt taste receptor ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, seeking out salt ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
- 109 -
본문 해석지
32번
We might think that our gut instinct is just an inner 우리는 우리의 직감이 단지 내면의 느낌, 즉
feeling — a secret interior voice — but in fact it is shaped 비밀스러운 내적 목소리라고 생각할지도 모
by a perception of something visible around us, such as a 르지만, 사실 그것은 얼굴 표정 또는 시각적
불일치와 같이 너무 빨리 지나가서 보통 우
facial expression or a visual inconsistency so fleeting that
리가 그것을 알아차렸음을 의식하지도 못하
often we’re not even aware we’ve noticed it. 는, 우리 주변의 가시적인 무언가에 대한 인
식에 의해 형성된다.
Psychologists now think of this moment as a ‘visual 오늘날 심리학자들은 이러한 순간을 ‘시각적
matching game’. So a stressed, rushed or tired person is 연결시키기 게임’으로 생각한다. 그렇다면
more likely to resort to this visual matching. 스트레스를 받은, 서두르는 혹은 피곤한 사
람이 이 시각적 연결시키기에 의존할 가능
성이 더 높다.
When they see a situation in front of them, they quickly 그들이 자신 앞의 상황을 볼 때 그들은 정
신의 지식 저장고 안에 보관된 과거 경험의
match it to a sea of past experiences stored in a mental
바다와 그것을 재빨리 연결해 보고, 그 다음
knowledge bank and then, based on a match, they assign 에 연결에 기초하여 자신 앞에 있는 정보에
meaning to the information in front of them. 의미를 부여한다.
The brain then sends a signal to the gut, which has many 그러고 나서 뇌가 창자로 신호를 보내는데
이것은 수백 개의 신경세포를 가지고 있다.
hundreds of nerve cells. So the visceral feeling we get in
따라서 우리가 우리의 뱃속에서 얻는 본능
the pit of our stomach and the butterflies we feel are a 적인 느낌과 우리가 느끼는 긴장감은 우리
result of our cognitive processing system. 의 인지 처리 체계의 결과이다.
- 110 -
1. We might think that our gut instinct is just an inner feeling — a secret interior voice — but in
fact it is shaped by a perception of something visible around us, such as a facial expression or a
visual inconsistency so fleeting that often we’re not even aware we’ve noticed it.1)
우리는 우리의 ______________이 단지 내면의 느낌, 즉 비밀스러운 내적 목소리라고 생각할지도 모르지
만, 사실 그것은 ______________ 또는 시각적 ______________와 같이 너무 빨리 지나가서 보통 우리가 그
것을 ______________음을 ______________지도 못하는, 우리 주변의 ______________ 무언가에 대한
______________에 의해 ______________다.
2. Psychologists now think of this moment as a ‘visual matching game’. So a stressed, rushed or
tired person is more likely to resort to this visual matching.2)
오늘날 심리학자들은 이러한 순간을 ‘시각적 연결시키기 게임’으로 생각한다. 그렇다면 ______________ ,
______________ 혹은 피곤한 사람이 이 ______________ 에 ______________ 가능성이 더 높다.
3. When they see a situation in front of them, they quickly match it to a sea of past experiences
stored in a mental knowledge bank and then, based on a match, they assign meaning to the
information in front of them.3)
그들이 자신 앞의 상황을 볼 때 그들은 ______________ 지식 저장고 안에 ______________ 과거 경험의 바
다와 그것을 재빨리 연결해 보고, 그 다음에 연결에 기초하여 자신 앞에 있는 정보에 의미를
______________.
4. The brain then sends a signal to the gut, which has many hundreds of nerve cells. So the
visceral feeling we get in the pit of our stomach and the butterflies we feel are a result of our
cognitive processing system.4)
그러고 나서 뇌가 창자로 신호를 보내는데 이것은 수백 개의 ______________를 가지고 있다. 따라서 우
리가 우리의 뱃속에서 얻는 ______________ 느낌과 우리가 느끼는 ______________은 우리의 ______________
______________ 의 결과이다.
- 111 -
1. 우리는 우리의 직감이 단지 내면의 느낌, 즉 비밀스러운 내적 목소리라고 생각할지도 모르지만, 사실

그것은 얼굴 표정 또는 시각적 불일치와 같이 너무 빨리 지나가서 보통 우리가 그것을 알아차렸음을
의식하지도 못하는, 우리 주변의 가시적인 무언가에 대한 인식에 의해 형성된다.1)
We might think that our ______________ ______________ is just an inner feeling — a secret interior
voice — but in fact it is ______________ by a ______________ of something ______________ around us,
such as a ______________ ______________ or a visual ______________ so fleeting that often we’re not
even ______________ we’ve ______________ it.
2. 오늘날 심리학자들은 이러한 순간을 ‘시각적 연결시키기 게임’으로 생각한다. 그렇다면 스트레스를 받
은, 서두르는 혹은 피곤한 사람이 이 시각적 연결시키기에 의존할 가능성이 더 높다.2)
Psychologists now think of this moment as a ‘visual matching game’. So a ______________,
______________ or tired person is more likely to ______________ to this ______________ ______________.
3. 그들이 자신 앞의 상황을 볼 때 그들은 정신의 지식 저장고 안에 보관된 과거 경험의 바다와 그것을

재빨리 연결해 보고, 그 다음에 연결에 기초하여 자신 앞에 있는 정보에 의미를 부여한다.3)
When they see a situation in front of them, they quickly match it to a sea of past experiences
______________ in a ______________ knowledge bank and then, based on a match, they ______________
meaning to the information in front of them.
4. 그러고 나서 뇌가 창자로 신호를 보내는데 이것은 수백 개의 신경세포를 가지고 있다. 따라서 우리가
우리의 뱃속에서 얻는 본능적인 느낌과 우리가 느끼는 긴장감은 우리의 인지 처리 체계의 결과이다.4)
The brain then sends a signal to the gut, which has many hundreds of ______________
______________. So the ______________ feeling we get in the pit of our stomach and the ______________
we feel are a result of our ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 112 -
1. We might think that our gut instinct is just an inner feeling — a secret interior voice — but in
fact it is shaped by a perception of something visible around us, such as a facial expression or a
visual inconsistency so fleeting that often we’re not even aware we’ve noticed it.1)
2. Psychologists now think of this moment as a ‘visual matching game’. So a stressed, rushed or
tired person is more likely to resort to this visual matching.2)
3. When they see a situation in front of them, they quickly match it to a sea of past experiences
stored in a mental knowledge bank and then, based on a match, they assign meaning to the
information in front of them.3)
4. The brain then sends a signal to the gut, which has many hundreds of nerve cells. So the
cognitive processing system.4)
- 113 -

We might think [what / that] our gut instinct is just an inner feeling — a secret interior voice —
but in fact it is [shaped / shaping] by a perception of something [visibly / visible] around us,
such as a facial expression or a visual inconsistency [so / such] fleeting that often we’re not even
aware we’ve [noticed / been noticed] it.
Psychologists now think of this moment as a ‘visual matching game’. So a stressed, rushed or
[tiring / tired] person is more likely to resort to this visual matching.

When they see a situation in front of them, they quickly match it to a sea of past experiences
[storing / stored] in a mental knowledge bank and then, based on a match, they assign meaning
to the information in front of them.
The brain then sends a signal to the gut, [which / that] [have / has] many hundreds of nerve
cells. So the visceral feeling we get in the pit of our stomach and the butterflies we feel [is /
are] a result of our cognitive processing system.
- 114 -

(instinct / is just / an / that / feeling / think / might / our / gut / inner / we) — a secret
interior voice — but in fact (by / shaped / us / visible / of / it / something / around / a
perception / is), (inconsistency / or / facial / a / visual / expression / such as / a) (we’re / that /
so / even aware / not / often / fleeting) we’ve noticed it.
(of / moment / now think / this / psychologists) as a ‘visual matching game’. So (stressed, / is /
person / tired / resort / visual / to / rushed / this / matching / a / to / more likely / or).

When (them / in / they / front / see / a situation / of), (a sea / of / they / past / quickly
match / experiences / to / it) (knowledge / in / a / mental / stored / bank) and then, based on
a match, (of / them / in / front / they / meaning / the information / assign / to).
(the gut / then sends / to / the brain / a signal), (many / nerve / which / of / hundreds / has /
cells). So (visceral / stomach / feeling / our / the pit / we / the / we / of / in / the butterflies /
and / get / feel) (a result / cognitive / our / are / processing / of / system).
- 115 -
(A) The brain then sends a signal to the gut, which has many hundreds of nerve cells. So the
cognitive processing system.
(B) Psychologists now think of this moment as a ‘visual matching game’. So a stressed, rushed or
tired person is more likely to resort to this visual matching. When they see a situation in front
of them, they quickly match it to a sea of past experiences stored in a mental knowledge bank
and then, based on a match, they assign meaning to the information in front of them.
(C) We might think that our gut instinct is just an inner feeling — a secret interior voice — but in
fact it is shaped by a perception of something visible around us, such as a facial expression or
a visual inconsistency so fleeting that often we’re not even aware we’ve noticed it.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 116 -

might, think, that, gut instinct, just, inner, shape, a perception, visible, inconsistency, so, fleeting
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ — a secret interior voice —
but in fact ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ around us, such as ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ often we’re not even aware we’ve noticed it.
think, moment, stress, rush, tire, likely, resort

Psychologists now ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ a ‘visual
matching game’. So ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
3. 그들이 자신 앞의 상황을 볼 때 그들은 정신의 지식 저장고 안에 보관된 과거 경험들의 바다와 그것

을 재빨리 연결해 보고, 그 다음에 연결에 기초하여 자신 앞에 있는 정보에 의미를 부여한다.3)
see, a situation, front, store, assign

When ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, they quickly ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ in a mental knowledge bank
and then, based on a match, they ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
send, have, many, nerve, get, the pit, the butterflies

The brain then ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. So
the visceral feeling ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 117 -
본문 해석지
33번
When it comes to climates in the interior areas of 대륙의 내륙 지역의 기후에 있어서 산은 수
continents, mountains play a huge role in stopping the 분의 흐름을 막는 데 큰 역할을 한다.
flow of moisture.
이것의 좋은 예가 미국의 서해안을 따라 보

A great example of this can be seen along the West 일 수 있다.
Coast of the United States.
Air moving from the Pacific Ocean toward the land usually 태평양에서 육지로 이동하는 공기는 보통
많은 수분을 그 안에 가지고 있다.
has a great deal of moisture in it.
When this humid air moves across the land, it encounters 이 습한 공기가 육지를 가로질러 이동할 때,
the Coast Range Mountains. 그것은 코스트산맥 산들과 마주친다.
As the air moves up and over the mountains, it begins to 공기가 상승하여 산 위로 이동하면서 그것
이 식기 시작하고, 이는 산의 풍상측(風上
cool, which causes precipitation on the windward side of
側)에 강수를 발생시킨다.
the mountains.
Once the air moves down the opposite side of the 공기가 산의 반대편, 즉 풍하측(風下側)이라
mountains (called the leeward side) it has lost a great deal 고 불리는 곳으로 내려갈 때쯤이면 그것은
많은 수분을 잃어버린다.
of moisture.
The air continues to move and then hits the even higher 공기는 계속 움직이며 그러고 나서 훨씬 더
Sierra Nevada mountain range. 높은 시에라네바다 산맥과 부딪친다.
This second uplift causes most of the remaining moisture 이 두 번째 상승은 남아 있는 수분 대부분
을 공기로부터 빠져나오게 하며 그래서 그
to fall out of the air, so by the time it reaches the
것이 시에라 산맥의 풍하측에 도달할 때쯤
leeward side of the Sierras, the air is extremely dry. The 이면 공기는 극도로 건조하다. 그 결과는 네
result is that much of the state of Nevada is a desert. 바다주 대부분이 사막이라는 것이다.
- 118 -
1. When it comes to climates in the interior areas of continents, mountains play a huge role in
stopping the flow of moisture.1)
______________의 내륙 지역의 ______________에 있어서 산은 ______________의 ______________을 막는 데 큰
역할을 한다.
2. A great example of this can be seen along the West Coast of the United States.2)
이것의 좋은 예가 미국의 서해안______________ 보일 수 있다.
3. Air moving from the Pacific Ocean toward the land usually has a great deal of moisture in it.3)
태평양에서 육지로 이동하는 공기는 보통 ______________ 수분을 그 안에 가지고 있다.
4. When this humid air moves across the land, it encounters the Coast Range Mountains.4)
이 ______________ 공기가 육지를 가로질러 이동할 때, 그것은 코스트산맥 산들과 ______________.
5. As the air moves up and over the mountains, it begins to cool, which causes precipitation on
the windward side of the mountains.5)
공기가 상승하여 산 위로 이동하면서 그것이 ______________ 시작하고, 이는 산의 풍상측(風上側)에
______________를 발생시킨다.
6. Once the air moves down the opposite side of the mountains (called the leeward side) it has
lost a great deal of moisture.6)
공기가 산의 ______________편, 즉 풍하측(風下側)이라고 불리는 곳으로 내려갈 때쯤이면 그것은 많은
수분을 잃어버린다.
7. The air continues to move and then hits the even higher Sierra Nevada mountain range.7)
공기는 ______________ 움직이며 그러고 나서 훨씬 더 높은 시에라네바다 ______________과 부딪친다.
8. This second uplift causes most of the remaining moisture to fall out of the air, so by the time it
reaches the leeward side of the Sierras, the air is extremely dry. The result is that much of the
state of Nevada is a desert.8)
이 두 번째 ______________은 ______________ 는 수분 대부분을 공기로부터 빠져나오게 하며 그래서 그것
이 시에라 산맥의 풍하측에 ______________ 때쯤이면 공기는 ______________ 건조하다. 그 결과는 네바다
주 대부분이 ______________이라는 것이다.
- 119 -
1. 대륙의 내륙 지역의 기후에 있어서 산은 수분의 흐름을 막는 데 큰 역할을 한다.1)

When it comes to ______________ in the interior areas of ______________, mountains play a huge role
in stopping the ______________ of ______________.
2. 이것의 좋은 예가 미국의 서해안을 따라 보일 수 있다.2)

A great example of this can be seen ______________ the West Coast of the United States.
3. 태평양에서 육지로 이동하는 공기는 보통 많은 수분을 그 안에 가지고 있다.3)

Air moving from the Pacific Ocean toward the land usually has ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ moisture in it.
4. 이 습한 공기가 육지를 가로질러 이동할 때, 그것은 코스트산맥 산들과 마주친다.4)

When this ______________ air moves across the land, it ______________ the Coast Range Mountains.
5. 공기가 상승하여 산 위로 이동하면서 그것이 식기 시작하고, 이는 산의 풍상측(風上側)에 강수를 발생

시킨다.5)
As the air moves up and over the mountains, it begins to ______________, which causes
______________ on the windward side of the mountains.
6. 공기가 산의 반대편, 즉 풍하측(風下側)이라고 불리는 곳으로 내려갈 때쯤이면 그것은 많은 수분을 잃

어버린다.6)
Once the air moves down the ______________ side of the mountains (called the leeward side) it
has lost a great deal of moisture.
7. 공기는 계속 움직이며 그러고 나서 훨씬 더 높은 시에라네바다 산맥과 부딪친다.7)

The air ______________ to move and then hits the even higher Sierra Nevada ______________
______________.
8. 이 두 번째 상승은 남아 있는 수분 대부분을 공기로부터 빠져나오게 하며 그래서 그것이 시에라 산

맥의 풍하측에 도달할 때쯤이면 공기는 극도로 건조하다. 그 결과는 네바다주 대부분이 사막이라는
것이다.8)
This second ______________ causes most of the ______________ moisture to fall out of the air, so by
the time it ______________ the leeward side of the Sierras, the air is ______________ dry. The result is
that much of the state of Nevada is a ______________.
- 120 -
1. When it comes to climates in the interior areas of continents, mountains play a huge role in
stopping the flow of moisture.1)
2. A great example of this can be seen along the West Coast of the United States.2)
3. Air moving from the Pacific Ocean toward the land usually has a great deal of moisture in it.3)
4. When this humid air moves across the land, it encounters the Coast Range Mountains.4)
5. As the air moves up and over the mountains, it begins to cool, which causes precipitation on
the windward side of the mountains.5)
6. Once the air moves down the opposite side of the mountains (called the leeward side) it has
lost a great deal of moisture.6)
7. The air continues to move and then hits the even higher Sierra Nevada mountain range.7)
8. This second uplift causes most of the remaining moisture to fall out of the air, so by the time it
state of Nevada is a desert.8)
- 121 -

When it comes to climates in the interior areas of continents, mountains play a huge role in
[stopping / stopped] the flow of moisture.

A great example of this can [be seen / see] along the West Coast of the United States.

Air [moving / moves] from the Pacific Ocean toward the land usually [has / have] a great deal
of moisture in it.

When this humid air [moving / moves] across the land, it encounters the Coast Range
Mountains.

시킨다.5)
As the air moves up and over the mountains, it begins to cool, [that / which] [causes / cause]
precipitation on the windward side of the mountains.

어버린다.6)
Once the air moves down the opposite side of the mountains ([called / calling] the leeward side)
it has [lost / been lost] a great deal of moisture.

The air continues to move and then [hits / hit] the [even / very] higher Sierra Nevada mountain
range.

것이다.8)
This second uplift [causes / cause] most of the remaining moisture [falling / to fall] out of the
air, so by the time it reaches the leeward side of the Sierras, the air is extremely dry. The result
is that much of the state of Nevada [are / is] a desert.
- 122 -

(interior / of / when / continents / it / areas / to / comes / climates / in / the), (role / stopping
/ huge / of / moisture / mountains / play / in / flow / the / a)

(great / example / this / seen / be / of / a / can) along the West Coast of the United States.

(moving / toward / air / from / land / the Pacific Ocean / the) (of / deal / great / moisture / it
/ in / usually has / a)

(across / air / when / land / this / humid / moves / the), it encounters the Coast Range
Mountains.

시킨다.5)
(moves / over / up / the air / as / and / the mountains), (cool / it / begins / to), (the
mountains / side / of / causes / on / windward / which / the / precipitation)
- 123 -

어버린다.6)
(down / moves / opposite / side / of / the / the air / the mountains / once) (called the leeward
side) (deal / has / a / moisture / lost / it / great / of).

(to / the air / continues / move) and then (even / higher / hits / the) Sierra Nevada mountain
range.

것이다.8)
(this / out / fall / the air / second / to / of / moisture / of / remaining / the / most / causes /
uplift), so by the time (side / it / the Sierras / of / the / leeward / reaches), the air is extremely
dry. (that / of / much / is / of / the state / is / the result / Nevada / a desert)
- 124 -
(A) When this humid air moves across the land, it encounters the Coast Range Mountains. As the
air moves up and over the mountains, it begins to cool, which causes precipitation on the
windward side of the mountains. Once the air moves down the opposite side of the mountains
(called the leeward side) it has lost a great deal of moisture.
(B) When it comes to climates in the interior areas of continents, mountains play a huge role in
stopping the flow of moisture. A great example of this can be seen along the West Coast of
the United States. Air moving from the Pacific Ocean toward the land usually has a great deal
of moisture in it.
(C) The air continues to move and then hits the even higher Sierra Nevada mountain range. This
second uplift causes most of the remaining moisture to fall out of the air, so by the time it
state of Nevada is a desert.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 125 -
1. 대륙들의 내륙 지역들의 기후에 있어서 산들은 수분의 흐름을 막는 데 큰 역할을 한다.1)
climate, interior, area, continent, play, huge, stop, the flow, moisture
When it comes to ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
great, example, this, see, along

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ the West Coast of the United States.
move, from, toward, the land, have, great, deal

______________ ______________ ______________ the Pacific Ocean ______________ ______________ ______________
usually ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________.
humid, across, encounter

When ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ the Coast Range Mountains.

시킨다.5)
up, over, begin, cool, cause, precipitation

As ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ the mountains,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ on
the windward side of the mountains.
- 126 -

어버린다.6)
down, opposite, have, lose, great, deal

Once ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ the mountains (called the leeward side) ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
continue, hit, even, high

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ and then ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ Sierra Nevada mountain range.

것이다.8)
uplift, cause, most, remain, fall, out, reach, the result, that, much, the state
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, so by the time ______________ ______________ the leeward side of the Sierras, the air is
extremely dry. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ Nevada ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 127 -
본문 해석지
34번
One vivid example of how a market mindset can transform 어떻게 시장 사고방식이 관습을 변질시키고
and undermine an institution is given by Dan Ariely in his 훼손시킬 수 있는지에 대한 한 생생한 예가
book Predictably Irrational. 그의 저서 ‘Predictably Irrational’에서 Dan
Ariely에 의해 주어진다.
He tells the story of a day care center in Israel that 그는 자신의 아이를 데리러 늦게 도착한 부
decided to fine parents who arrived late to pick up their 모들에게 벌금을 부과하기로 결정했던 이스
라엘의 한 어린이집에 관한 이야기를 들려
children, in the hope that this would discourage them
주는데, 이는 이것이 그들이 그렇게 행동하
from doing so. 는 것을 막을 수 있기를 바라서였다.
In fact, the exact opposite happened. Before the 실제로는 정반대의 일이 일어났다. 벌금 부
imposition of fines, parents felt guilty about arriving late, 과 전에 부모들은 늦게 도착한 것에 대해 죄
and guilt was effective in ensuring that only a few did so. 책감을 느꼈고 죄책감은 오직 몇몇만이 그렇
게 하도록 확실히 하는 데 효과적이었다.
Once a fine was introduced, it seems that in the minds of 일단 벌금이 도입되자 부모들의 마음속에서
the parents the entire scenario was changed from a social 전체 시나리오가 사회 계약에서 시장 계약
으로 바뀌었던 것으로 보인다.
contract to a market one.
Essentially, they were paying for the center to look after 근본적으로 그들은 방과 후에 자신의 아이
their children after hours. Some parents thought it worth 를 돌보는 것에 있어 어린이집에 비용을 지
불하고 있었다. 일부 부모들은 그것이 값어
the price, and the rate of late arrivals increased.
치를 한다고 생각했고 늦은 도착의 비율이
증가했다.
Significantly, once the center abandoned the fines and 중요하게는 어린이집이 벌금을 그만두고 이
went back to the previous arrangement, late arrivals 전 방식으로 돌아갔을 때 늦은 도착은 벌금
remained at the high level they had reached during the 기간 동안 그것들이 도달했었던 그 높은 수
준에 머물렀다.
period of the fines.
- 128 -
1. One vivid example of how a market mindset can transform and undermine an institution is given
by Dan Ariely in his book Predictably Irrational.1)
어떻게 시장 ______________이 ______________을 ______________고 ______________ 수 있는지에 대한 한 생생
한 예가 그의 저서 ‘Predictably Irrational’에서 Dan Ariely에 의해 주어진다.
2. He tells the story of a day care center in Israel that decided to fine parents who arrived late to
pick up their children, in the hope that this would discourage them from doing so.2)
그는 자신의 아이를 ______________ 늦게 도착한 부모들에게 ______________ 기로 결정했던 이스라엘의
한 ______________에 관한 이야기를 들려주는데, 이는 이것이 그들이 그렇게 행동하는 것을
______________ 수 있기를 바라서였다.
3. In fact, the exact opposite happened. Before the imposition of fines, parents felt guilty about
arriving late, and guilt was effective in ensuring that only a few did so.3)
실제로는 정반대의 일이 일어났다. 벌금 ______________ 전에 부모들은 늦게 도착한 것에 대해
______________을 느꼈고 죄책감은 오직 몇몇만이 그렇게 하도록 ______________ 는 데 효과적이었다.
4. Once a fine was introduced, it seems that in the minds of the parents the entire scenario was
changed from a social contract to a market one.4)
일단 벌금이 ______________자 부모들의 마음속에서 전체 시나리오가 사회 ______________에서 시장 계약
으로 바뀌었던 것으로 보인다.
5. Essentially, they were paying for the center to look after their children after hours. Some parents
thought it worth the price, and the rate of late arrivals increased.5)
______________ 그들은 방과 후에 자신의 아이를 ______________는 것에 있어 어린이집에 비용을 지불하
고 있었다. 일부 부모들은 그것이 ______________ 고 생각했고 늦은 도착의 비율이 ______________.
6. Significantly, once the center abandoned the fines and went back to the previous arrangement,
late arrivals remained at the high level they had reached during the period of the fines.6)
______________ 어린이집이 벌금을 ______________고 ______________ 방식으로 돌아갔을 때 늦은 도착은 벌
금 기간 동안 그것들이 도달했었던 그 높은 수준에 머물렀다.
- 129 -
1. 어떻게 시장 사고방식이 관습을 변질시키고 훼손시킬 수 있는지에 대한 한 생생한 예가 그의 저서

‘Predictably Irrational’에서 Dan Ariely에 의해 주어진다.1)
One vivid example of how a market ______________ can ______________ and ______________ an
______________ is given by Dan Ariely in his book Predictably Irrational.
2. 그는 자신의 아이를 데리러 늦게 도착한 부모들에게 벌금을 부과하기로 결정했던 이스라엘의 한 어

린이집에 관한 이야기를 들려주는데, 이는 이것이 그들이 그렇게 행동하는 것을 막을 수 있기를 바라
서였다.2)
He tells the story of a ______________ ______________ ______________ in Israel that decided to
______________ parents who arrived late to ______________ ______________ their children, in the hope
that this would ______________ them from doing so.
3. 실제로는 정반대의 일이 일어났다. 벌금 부과 전에 부모들은 늦게 도착한 것에 대해 죄책감을 느꼈고

죄책감은 오직 몇몇만이 그렇게 하도록 확실히 하는 데 효과적이었다.3)
In fact, the exact opposite happened. Before the ______________ of fines, parents felt ______________
about arriving late, and guilt was effective in ______________ that only a few did so.
4. 일단 벌금이 도입되자 부모들의 마음속에서 전체 시나리오가 사회 계약에서 시장 계약으로 바뀌었던

것으로 보인다.4)
Once a fine was ______________, it seems that in the minds of the parents the entire scenario was
changed from a social ______________ to a market one.
5. 근본적으로 그들은 방과 후에 자신의 아이를 돌보는 것에 있어 어린이집에 비용을 지불하고 있었다.

일부 부모들은 그것이 값어치를 한다고 생각했고 늦은 도착의 비율이 증가했다.5)
______________, they were paying for the center to ______________ ______________ their children after
hours. Some parents thought it ______________ ______________ ______________, and the rate of late
arrivals ______________.
6. 중요하게는 어린이집이 벌금을 그만두고 이전 방식으로 돌아갔을 때 늦은 도착은 벌금 기간 동안 그

것들이 도달했었던 그 높은 수준에 머물렀다.6)
______________, once the center ______________ the fines and went back to the ______________
arrangement, late arrivals remained at the high level they had reached during the period of the
fines.
- 130 -
1. One vivid example of how a market mindset can transform and undermine an institution is given
by Dan Ariely in his book Predictably Irrational.1)
2. He tells the story of a day care center in Israel that decided to fine parents who arrived late to
pick up their children, in the hope that this would discourage them from doing so.2)
3. In fact, the exact opposite happened. Before the imposition of fines, parents felt guilty about
arriving late, and guilt was effective in ensuring that only a few did so.3)
4. Once a fine was introduced, it seems that in the minds of the parents the entire scenario was
changed from a social contract to a market one.4)
5. Essentially, they were paying for the center to look after their children after hours. Some parents
thought it worth the price, and the rate of late arrivals increased.5)
6. Significantly, once the center abandoned the fines and went back to the previous arrangement,
late arrivals remained at the high level they had reached during the period of the fines.6)
- 131 -

One vivid example of how a market mindset can transform and undermine an institution [is /
are] [given / giving] by Dan Ariely in his book Predictably Irrational.

서였다.2)
He tells the story of a day care center in Israel that decided [fining / to fine] parents [who /
which] arrived late to pick up their children, in the hope [that / what] this would discourage
them from doing so.

In fact, the exact opposite [happened / was happened]. Before the imposition of fines, parents
felt guilty about arriving late, and guilt was [effective / effectively] in ensuring that only a few
[did / were] so.

Once a fine was [introducing / introduced], it seems [what / that] in the minds of the parents
the entire scenario [were / was] changed from a social contract to a market one.

Essentially, they were [paid / paying] for the center to [look / looking] after their children after
hours. Some parents thought it worth the price, and the rate of late arrivals increased.

Significantly, once the center abandoned the fines and [went / gone] back to the [previous /
previously] arrangement, late arrivals remained at the high level they [has / had] reached during
the period of the fines.
- 132 -

(vivid / is / transform / and / can / how / of / undermine / a / given / mindset / one /
example / by / an institution / market) Dan Ariely in his book Predictably Irrational.

서였다.2)
(tells / in / of / the story / he / a day care center / Israel) (their / fine / arrived late / decided
/ parents / to / children / up / who / pick / to / that), (hope / that / this / discourage / them
/ in / so / from / would / the / doing)

In fact, (the / happened / exact / opposite). (before / fines / of / imposition / the), (felt / late /
about / arriving / parents / guilty), and (was / in / so / did / ensuring / guilt / that / only a
few / effective).

(a fine / was / introduced / once), it seems that in the minds of the parents (social / scenario /
contract / market / entire / changed / to / a / the / a / was / from / one).
- 133 -

Essentially, (for / after / children / look / the center / they / paying / their / were / to) after
hours. (the / thought / some / price / it / worth / parents), and (of / the / increased / rate /
late / arrivals).

Significantly, (to / once / the / abandoned / arrangement / went / the / back / fines / and /
the center / previous), (the / high / level / remained / late arrivals / at) (had / they / reached)
during the period of the fines.
- 134 -
(A) In fact, the exact opposite happened. Before the imposition of fines, parents felt guilty about
arriving late, and guilt was effective in ensuring that only a few did so. Once a fine was
introduced, it seems that in the minds of the parents the entire scenario was changed from a
social contract to a market one.
(B) Essentially, they were paying for the center to look after their children after hours. Some parents
thought it worth the price, and the rate of late arrivals increased. Significantly, once the center
abandoned the fines and went back to the previous arrangement, late arrivals remained at the
high level they had reached during the period of the fines.
(C) One vivid example of how a market mindset can transform and undermine an institution is
given by Dan Ariely in his book Predictably Irrational. He tells the story of a day care center in
Israel that decided to fine parents who arrived late to pick up their children, in the hope that
this would discourage them from doing so.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 135 -

one, vivid, mindset, transform, undermine, an institution, give

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ Dan Ariely in his book Predictably Irrational.

서였다.2)
that, decide, fine, who, arrive, late, pick, this, would, discourage, from
He tells the story of a day care center in Israel ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, in the hope ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

exact, opposite, happen, the imposition, ensure, only, a few

In fact, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. Before ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, and guilt was effective in ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.

introduce, it, seem, entire, change, contract, one

Once ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
in the minds of the parents ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________.
- 136 -

일부 부모들은 그것이 값어치를 한다고 생각했고 늦은 도착들의 비율이 증가했다.5)
pay, the center, look, worth, the price, increase

Essentially, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ after hours. ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, and ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

abandon, go, back, arrangement, remain, level, have, reach
Significantly, once the center ______________ ______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, late arrivals ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ during the period
of the fines.
- 137 -
본문 해석지
35번
There is a pervasive idea in Western culture that humans 서구권 문화에는 인간이 본질적으로 이성적
are essentially rational, skillfully sorting fact from fiction, 이며, 사실과 허구를 능숙하게 가려내고, 최
and, ultimately, arriving at timeless truths about the world. 종적으로 세상에 대한 영원한 진리에 도달
한다는 널리 스며있는 관념이 있다.
이러한 사고방식은 인간은 논리의 규칙을

This line of thinking holds that humans follow the rules of
따르고, 가능성을 정확히 계산하며, 모든 이
logic, calculate probabilities accurately, and make decisions 용 가능한 정보에 의해 완벽히 정보를 갖춘
about the world that are perfectly informed by all 판단을 세상에 대해 내린다고 주장한다.
available information.
반대로 효과적이고 정보를 잘 갖춘 판단을

Conversely, failures to make effective and well‑informed
내리는 데 실패하는 것은 흔히 인간의 사고
decisions are often attributed to failures of human 의 실패 탓으로 여겨지는데, 예를 들어 심리
reasoning — resulting, say, from psychological disorders or 적 장애나 인지적 편견에서 비롯된다고 여
cognitive biases. 겨진다.
이러한 상황에서 우리가 성공할 것인가 실

In this picture, whether we succeed or fail turns out to be
패할 것인가는 개개인이 이성적이고 지적인
a matter of whether individual humans are rational and
지 아닌지의 문제인 것으로 판명된다.
intelligent.
And so, if we want to achieve better outcomes — truer 그러므로 우리가 더 참된 신념과 더 나은
판단과 같은 더 나은 결과를 성취하기를 원
beliefs, better decisions — we need to focus on improving
한다면, 우리는 개개인의 사고를 향상하는
individual human reasoning.
것에 집중할 필요가 있다.
- 138 -
1. There is a pervasive idea in Western culture that humans are essentially rational, skillfully sorting
fact from fiction, and, ultimately, arriving at timeless truths about the world.1)
서구권 문화에는 인간이 ______________ ______________이며, 사실과 허구를 ______________ 가려내고,
______________ 세상에 대한 ______________ 진리에 도달한다는 ______________ 관념이 있다.
2. This line of thinking holds that humans follow the rules of logic, calculate probabilities accurately,
and make decisions about the world that are perfectly informed by all available information.2)
이러한 사고방식은 인간은 ______________의 규칙을 따르고, ______________을 ______________ 계산하며, 모
든 이용 가능한 정보에 의해 ______________ 정보를 갖춘 판단을 세상에 대해 내린다고 주장한다.
3. Conversely, failures to make effective and well‑informed decisions are often attributed to failures
of human reasoning — resulting, say, from psychological disorders or cognitive biases.3)
______________ 효과적이고 ______________ 판단을 내리는 데 실패하는 것은 흔히 인간의 사고의 실패
______________ 는데, 예를 들어 심리적 ______________나 인지적 ______________에서 비롯된다고 여겨진다.
4. In this picture, whether we succeed or fail turns out to be a matter of whether individual
humans are rational and intelligent.4)
이러한 상황에서 우리가 성공할 것인가 실패할 것인가는 개개인이 이성적이고 ______________인지 아
닌지의 문제인 것으로 ______________.
5. And so, if we want to achieve better outcomes — truer beliefs, better decisions — we need to
focus on improving individual human reasoning.5)
그러므로 우리가 더 참된 신념과 더 나은 판단과 같은 더 나은 결과를 ______________기를 원한다면,
우리는 개개인의 사고를 ______________는 것에 집중할 필요가 있다.
- 139 -
1. 서구권 문화에는 인간이 본질적으로 이성적이며, 사실과 허구를 능숙하게 가려내고, 최종적으로 세상
에 대한 영원한 진리에 도달한다는 널리 스며있는 관념이 있다.1)
There is a ______________ idea in Western culture that humans are ______________ ______________,
______________ sorting fact from fiction, and, ______________, arriving at ______________ truths about
the world.
2. 이러한 사고방식은 인간은 논리의 규칙을 따르고, 가능성을 정확히 계산하며, 모든 이용 가능한 정보
에 의해 완벽히 정보를 갖춘 판단을 세상에 대해 내린다고 주장한다.2)
This line of thinking holds that humans follow the rules of ______________, calculate ______________
______________, and make decisions about the world that are ______________ informed by all available
information.
3. 반대로 효과적이고 정보를 잘 갖춘 판단을 내리는 데 실패하는 것은 흔히 인간의 사고의 실패 탓으

로 여겨지는데, 예를 들어 심리적 장애나 인지적 편견에서 비롯된다고 여겨진다.3)
______________, failures to make effective and ______________ decisions are often ______________ to
failures of human reasoning — resulting, say, from psychological ______________ or cognitive
______________.
4. 이러한 상황에서 우리가 성공할 것인가 실패할 것인가는 개개인이 이성적이고 지적인지 아닌지의 문
제인 것으로 판명된다.4)
In this picture, whether we succeed or fail ______________ ______________ to be a matter of whether
individual humans are rational and ______________.
5. 그러므로 우리가 더 참된 신념과 더 나은 판단과 같은 더 나은 결과를 성취하기를 원한다면, 우리는

개개인의 사고를 향상하는 것에 집중할 필요가 있다.5)
And so, if we want to ______________ better outcomes — truer beliefs, better decisions — we need
to focus on ______________ individual human reasoning.
- 140 -
1. There is a pervasive idea in Western culture that humans are essentially rational, skillfully sorting
fact from fiction, and, ultimately, arriving at timeless truths about the world.1)
2. This line of thinking holds that humans follow the rules of logic, calculate probabilities accurately,
and make decisions about the world that are perfectly informed by all available information.2)
3. Conversely, failures to make effective and well‑informed decisions are often attributed to failures
of human reasoning — resulting, say, from psychological disorders or cognitive biases.3)
4. In this picture, whether we succeed or fail turns out to be a matter of whether individual
humans are rational and intelligent.4)
5. And so, if we want to achieve better outcomes — truer beliefs, better decisions — we need to
focus on improving individual human reasoning.5)
- 141 -
There is a pervasive idea in Western culture [what / that] humans are essentially rational, skillfully
[sorted / sorting] fact from fiction, and, ultimately, arriving at timeless truths about the world.
This line of thinking holds [that / which] humans follow the rules of logic, calculate probabilities
accurately, and [makes / make] decisions about the world that [is / are] perfectly [informed /
informing] by all available information.

Conversely, failures to make effective and well‑informed decisions [are / is] often [attributed /
attributing] to failures of human reasoning — resulting, say, from psychological disorders or
cognitive biases.
In this picture, whether we succeed or fail [turn / turns] out [being / to be] a matter of whether
individual humans are rational and intelligent.

And so, if we want [to achieve / achieving] better outcomes — truer beliefs, better decisions — we
need to focus on improving individual human reasoning.
- 142 -
(there / a / is / pervasive / idea) in Western culture (from / humans / are / that / fiction /
essentially rational / skillfully sorting / fact), and, ultimately, (truths / arriving / the / timeless / at
/ about / world).
(this / thinking / holds / that / line / of) (logic / rules / follow / the / of / humans), calculate
probabilities accurately, and (make / decisions / about / the world) (informed / that / available /
information / are perfectly / all / by).

Conversely, (to / well‑informed / make / failures / decisions / effective / and) (of / human /
often / reasoning / are / to / failures / attributed) — resulting, say, from psychological disorders
or cognitive biases.
- 143 -
In this picture, (or / we / succeed / whether / fail) (a / of / turns / matter / out / be / to)
(whether / intelligent / individual / rational / and / humans / are).

And so, (better / to / want / outcomes / if / achieve / we) — truer beliefs, better decisions —
(individual / on / human / need / reasoning / improving / focus / to / we).
- 144 -
(A) Conversely, failures to make effective and well‑informed decisions are often attributed to failures
of human reasoning — resulting, say, from psychological disorders or cognitive biases. In this
picture, whether we succeed or fail turns out to be a matter of whether individual humans are
rational and intelligent.
(B) And so, if we want to achieve better outcomes — truer beliefs, better decisions — we need to
focus on improving individual human reasoning.
(C) There is a pervasive idea in Western culture that humans are essentially rational, skillfully sorting
fact from fiction, and, ultimately, arriving at timeless truths about the world.
(D) This line of thinking holds that humans follow the rules of logic, calculate probabilities
accurately, and make decisions about the world that are perfectly informed by all available
information.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 145 -
1. 서구권 문화에는 인간들이 본질적으로 이성적이며, 사실과 허구를 능숙하게 가려내고 있으며, 최종적
으로 세상에 대한 영원한 진리들에 도달하고 있다는 널리 스며있는 관념이 있다.1)
pervasive, idea, that, human, sort, arrive, timeless, truth

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ in Western culture ______________
______________ ______________ essentially rational, skillfully ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, and, ultimately, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.
2. 이러한 사고방식은 인간은 논리의 규칙들을 따르고, 가능성들을 정확히 계산하며, 모든 이용 가능한
정보에 의해 완벽히 정보를 갖춘 판단들을 세상에 대해 내린다고 주장한다.2)
line, thinking, hold, that, logic, probability, decision, inform, all

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
accurately, and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ perfectly ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
3. 반대로 효과적이고 정보를 잘 갖춘 판단들을 내리는 데 실패하는 것은 흔히 인간의 사고의 실패들의

탓으로 여겨지는데, 예를 들어 심리적 장애나 인지적 편견에서 비롯된다고 여겨진다.3)
effective, well‑informed, often, attribute, human, reasoning

Conversely, failures ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ — resulting, say, from psychological disorders or cognitive biases.
4. 이러한 상황에서 우리가 성공할 것인가 실패할 것인가는 개개인의 인간들이 이성적이고 지적인지 아
닌지의 문제인 것으로 판명된다.4)
whether, turn, out, a matter, individual, human, intelligent

In this picture, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
5. 그러므로 우리가 더 참된 신념과 더 나은 판단과 같은 더 나은 결과들을 성취하기를 원한다면, 우리

는 개개인의 사고를 향상하는 것에 집중할 필요가 있다.5)
want, achieve, outcome, need, focus, improve

And so, if ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ — truer
beliefs, better decisions — ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ individual human reasoning.
- 146 -
본문 해석지
36번
Regarding food production, under the British government, 식품 생산과 관련하여 영국 정부하에서는
there was a different conception of responsibility from that 프랑스 정부의 책임의 개념과는 다른 개념
of French government. 이 있었다.
In France, the responsibility for producing good food lay 프랑스에서 좋은 식품을 생산하는 것에 대
with the producers. The state would police their activities 한 책임은 생산자들에게 있었다. 정부가 그
들의 활동들을 감시하곤 했고, 만약 그들이
and, if they should fail, would punish them for neglecting
실패했다면, 그것의 시민들의 이익을 등한시
the interests of its citizens.
한 이유로 그들을 처벌했을 것이다.
By contrast, the British government — except in extreme 대조적으로 영국 정부는 극단적인 경우들을
cases — placed most of the responsibility with the 제외하고 그 책임의 대부분을 개인 소비자
들에게 두었다. 돈을 벌기 위한 가게 주인의
individual consumers. It would be unfair to interfere with
권리를 침해하는 것은 부당했을 것이다.
the shopkeeper’s right to make money.
In the 1840s, a patent was granted for a machine 1840년대에 총알을 제조하는 데 들어갔던
designed for making fake coffee beans out of chicory, 똑같은 기술을 이용해서 치커리로부터 가짜
커피콩을 만들어 내기 위해 고안된 기계에
using the same technology that went into manufacturing
대해 특허권이 승인되었다.
bullets.
This machine was clearly designed for the purposes of 이 기계는 분명히 사기의 목적으로 고안되
swindling, and yet the government allowed it. 었지만 정부는 그것을 허가했다.
A machine for forging money would never have been 돈을 위조하기 위한 기계는 결코 허가를 받
licensed, so why this? 을 수 없었을 텐데 그렇다면 이것은 왜 그
랬을까?
As one consumer complained, the British system of 한 소비자가 불평했던 것처럼 영국의 정부
government was weighted against the consumer in favour 체제는 사기꾼의 편을 들고 소비자에게는
불리하도록 치우쳐졌었다.
of the swindler.
- 147 -
1. Regarding food production, under the British government, there was a different conception of
responsibility from that of French government.1)
식품 생산______________ 영국 정부하에서는 프랑스 정부의 ______________의 개념과는 다른
______________이 있었다.
2. In France, the responsibility for producing good food lay with the producers. The state would
police their activities and, if they should fail, would punish them for neglecting the interests of
its citizens.2)
프랑스에서 좋은 식품을 생산하는 것에 대한 책임은 생산자들______________. 정부가 그들의 활동들을
______________곤 했고, 만약 그들이 실패했다면, 그것의 시민들의 ______________을 ______________ 이유로
그들을 ______________을 것이다.
3. By contrast, the British government — except in extreme cases — placed most of the responsibility
with the individual consumers. It would be unfair to interfere with the shopkeeper’s right to
make money.3)
______________ 영국 정부는 ______________ 경우들을 제외하고 그 책임의 대부분을 개인 소비자들에게
두었다. 돈을 벌기 위한 가게 주인의 권리______________ 는 것은 부당했을 것이다.
4. In the 1840s, a patent was granted for a machine designed for making fake coffee beans out of
chicory, using the same technology that went into manufacturing bullets.4)
1840년대에 총알을 ______________는 데 들어갔던 똑같은 기술을 이용해서 치커리로부터 ______________
커피콩을 만들어 내기 위해 ______________ 기계에 대해 ______________이 ______________었다.
5. This machine was clearly designed for the purposes of swindling, and yet the government
allowed it.5)
이 기계는 분명히 ______________의 ______________으로 고안되었지만 정부는 그것을 허가했다.
6. A machine for forging money would never have been licensed, so why this?6)
돈을 ______________기 위한 기계는 결코 ______________ 을 수 없었을 텐데 그렇다면 이것은 왜 그랬을까?
7. As one consumer complained, the British system of government was weighted against the
consumer in favour of the swindler.7)
한 소비자가 ______________던 것처럼 영국의 정부 체제는 사기꾼______________ 고 소비자에게는 불리하
도록 ______________었다.
- 148 -
1. 식품 생산과 관련하여 영국 정부하에서는 프랑스 정부의 책임의 개념과는 다른 개념이 있었다.1)

______________ food production, under the British government, there was a different ______________
of ______________ from that of French government.
2. 프랑스에서 좋은 식품을 생산하는 것에 대한 책임은 생산자들에게 있었다. 정부가 그들의 활동들을

감시하곤 했고, 만약 그들이 실패했다면, 그것의 시민들의 이익을 등한시한 이유로 그들을 처벌했을
것이다.2)
In France, the responsibility for producing good food ______________ ______________ the producers.
The state would ______________ their activities and, if they should fail, would ______________ them for
______________ the ______________ of its citizens.
3. 대조적으로 영국 정부는 극단적인 경우들을 제외하고 그 책임의 대부분을 개인 소비자들에게 두었다.

돈을 벌기 위한 가게 주인의 권리를 침해하는 것은 부당했을 것이다.3)
______________ ______________, the British government — except in ______________ cases — placed most
of the responsibility with the individual consumers. It would be unfair to ______________
______________ the shopkeeper’s right to make money.
4. 1840년대에 총알을 제조하는 데 들어갔던 똑같은 기술을 이용해서 치커리로부터 가짜 커피콩을 만들

어 내기 위해 고안된 기계에 대해 특허권이 승인되었다.4)
In the 1840s, a ______________ was ______________ for a machine ______________ for making
______________ coffee beans out of chicory, using the same technology that went into ______________
bullets.
5. 이 기계는 분명히 사기의 목적으로 고안되었지만 정부는 그것을 허가했다.5)

This machine was clearly designed for the ______________ of ______________, and yet the government
allowed it.
6. 돈을 위조하기 위한 기계는 결코 허가를 받을 수 없었을 텐데 그렇다면 이것은 왜 그랬을까?6)

A machine for ______________ money would never have been ______________, so why this?
7. 한 소비자가 불평했던 것처럼 영국의 정부 체제는 사기꾼의 편을 들고 소비자에게는 불리하도록 치

우쳐졌었다.7)
As one consumer ______________, the British system of government was ______________ against the
consumer ______________ ______________ ______________ the swindler.
- 149 -
1. Regarding food production, under the British government, there was a different conception of
responsibility from that of French government.1)
2. In France, the responsibility for producing good food lay with the producers. The state would
police their activities and, if they should fail, would punish them for neglecting the interests of
its citizens.2)
3. By contrast, the British government — except in extreme cases — placed most of the responsibility
with the individual consumers. It would be unfair to interfere with the shopkeeper’s right to
make money.3)
4. In the 1840s, a patent was granted for a machine designed for making fake coffee beans out of
chicory, using the same technology that went into manufacturing bullets.4)
5. This machine was clearly designed for the purposes of swindling, and yet the government
allowed it.5)
6. A machine for forging money would never have been licensed, so why this?6)
7. As one consumer complained, the British system of government was weighted against the
consumer in favour of the swindler.7)
- 150 -

Regarding food production, under the British government, there [were / was] a different
conception of responsibility from [those / that] of French government.

것이다.2)
In France, the responsibility for producing good food [lay / lied] with the producers. The state
would police their activities and, if they should fail, would punish [it / them] for neglecting the
interests of its citizens.

By contrast, the British government — except in extreme cases — placed most of the
responsibility with the individual consumers. It would be [unfairly / unfair] to interfere with the
shopkeeper’s right to make money.

In the 1840s, a patent was granted for a machine [designing / designed] for making fake coffee
beans out of chicory, using the same technology [that / what] went into manufacturing bullets.

This machine was clearly [designing / designed] for the purposes of swindling, and yet the
government allowed it.

A machine for forging money would never have [been licensed / licensed], so why this?

우쳐졌었다.7)
As one consumer complained, the British system of government [was / were] weighted against
the consumer in favour of the swindler.
- 151 -

Regarding food production, under the British government, (responsibility / there / was / different
/ of / a / conception) (French / government / of / from / that).

것이다.2)
In France, (producing / for / food / the producers / lay / good / with / the responsibility). (their
/ would / police / the state / activities) and, (they / should / fail / if), (punish / its / the
interests / them / for / citizens / would / of / neglecting).

By contrast, the British government — except in extreme cases — (consumers / most / placed /
individual / of / the responsibility / the / with). (with / right / shopkeeper’s / to / the / money /
make / to / unfair / it / would / interfere / be)

In the 1840s, (was / granted / for / a patent / a machine) (out / chicory / for / beans / coffee /
making / designed / fake / of), (bullets / using / technology / same / the / that / into /
manufacturing / went).
- 152 -

(this / for / of / swindling / was clearly / the purposes / designed / machine), and yet (it /
allowed / government / the).

(never have / been / forging / would / for / money / a machine / licensed), so why this?

우쳐졌었다.7)
(consumer / as / complained / one), (of / the consumer / system / favour / was / in / British /
government / against / of / the swindler / the / weighted)
- 153 -
(A) This machine was clearly designed for the purposes of swindling, and yet the government
allowed it. A machine for forging money would never have been licensed, so why this? As one
consumer complained, the British system of government was weighted against the consumer in
favour of the swindler.
(B) By contrast, the British government — except in extreme cases — placed most of the
responsibility with the individual consumers. It would be unfair to interfere with the
shopkeeper’s right to make money. In the 1840s, a patent was granted for a machine designed
for making fake coffee beans out of chicory, using the same technology that went into
manufacturing bullets.
(C) Regarding food production, under the British government, there was a different conception of
responsibility from that of French government. In France, the responsibility for producing good
food lay with the producers. The state would police their activities and, if they should fail,
would punish them for neglecting the interests of its citizens.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 154 -
there, different, conception, responsibility

Regarding food production, under the British government, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.

것이다.2)
good, food, lie, producer, police, activity, punish, neglect, the interests, citizen
In France, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. The state ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ and, if they should fail, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

place, most, individual, it, unfair, interfere, shopkeeper, make

By contrast, the British government — except in extreme cases — ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
4. 1840년대에 총알들을 제조하는 데 들어갔던 똑같은 기술을 이용해서 치커리로부터 가짜 커피콩을 만

들어 내기 위해 고안된 기계에 대해 특허권이 승인되었다.4)
grant, a machine, design, make, fake, out, that, go, into, manufacture
In the 1840s, a patent ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ chicory, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
- 155 -
the purpose, swindle, allow

______________ ______________ ______________ clearly ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, and yet ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
forge, license
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ never ______________
______________ ______________, so why this?

우쳐졌었다.7)
one, complain, system, of, weight, against, favour

As ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 156 -
본문 해석지
37번
Because we are told that the planet is doomed, we do 우리는 지구가 운이 다한 것이라고 듣기 때
not register the growing number of scientific studies 문에 우리는 다른 종의 회복력을 증명하는
demonstrating the resilience of other species. 과학적 연구의 증가하는 수를 기억하지 않
는다.
For instance, climate‑driven disturbances are affecting the 예를 들어 기후로 인한 교란이 세계 해안의
world’s coastal marine ecosystems more frequently and 해양 생태계에 더 자주 그리고 더 큰 강도
로 영향을 미치고 있다.
with greater intensity.
This is a global problem that demands urgent action. 이것은 긴급한 조치를 요구하는 세계적인
문제이다.
Yet, as detailed in a 2017 paper in BioScience, there are 하지만 ‘BioScience’의 2017년 논문에서 자
also instances where marine ecosystems show remarkable 세히 설명된 것처럼, 해양 생태계가 극심한
기후의 사건들에 놀라운 회복력을 보여 주
resilience to acute climatic events.
는 경우들이 또한 있다.
In a region in Western Australia, for instance, up to 90 예를 들어 Western Australia의 한 지역에서

percent of live coral was lost when ocean water temperatures 바닷물 온도가 상승했을 때, 살아 있는 산호
의 90퍼센트까지 소실되었으며 과학자들이
rose, causing what scientists call coral bleaching.
산호 백화라 부르는 것을 야기했다.
Yet in some sections of the reef surface, 44 percent of the 하지만 암초 표면의 몇몇 부분에서 산호의
corals recovered within twelve years. 44퍼센트가 12년 이내에 회복했다.
Similarly, kelp forests hammered by intense El Niño 마찬가지로 극심한 엘니뇨 수온 상승에 의해
water‑temperature increases recovered within five years. 강타당한 켈프 숲이 5년 이내에 회복했다.
By studying these “bright spots,” situations where 이러한 ‘밝은 지점들’, 즉 중대한 기후의 영
ecosystems persist even in the face of major climatic 향에 직면한 순간에도 생태계가 지속되는 상
황들을 연구함으로써 우리는 어떠한 관리 전
impacts, we can learn what management strategies help to
략들이 파괴적인 힘을 최소화하고 회복력을
minimize destructive forces and nurture resilience. 키우는 데 도움이 되는지를 배울 수 있다.
- 157 -
1. Because we are told that the planet is doomed, we do not register the growing number of
scientific studies demonstrating the resilience of other species.1)
우리는 지구가 ______________ 것이라고 듣기 때문에 우리는 다른 종의 ______________을 ______________는
과학적 연구의 증가하는 수를 기억하지 않는다.
2. For instance, climate‑driven disturbances are affecting the world’s coastal marine ecosystems more
frequently and with greater intensity.2)
예를 들어 ______________ ______________이 세계 ______________ ______________ ______________에 더 자주 그
리고 더 큰 ______________로 영향을 미치고 있다.
3. This is a global problem that demands urgent action.3)

이것은 ______________ 조치를 ______________는 세계적인 문제이다.
4. Yet, as detailed in a 2017 paper in BioScience, there are also instances where marine ecosystems
show remarkable resilience to acute climatic events.4)
하지만 ‘BioScience’의 2017년 논문에서 자세히 설명된 것처럼, 해양 생태계가 ______________ 기후의
사건들에 ______________ 회복력을 보여 주는 경우들이 또한 있다.
5. In a region in Western Australia, for instance, up to 90 percent of live coral was lost when ocean
water temperatures rose, causing what scientists call coral bleaching.5)
예를 들어 Western Australia의 한 지역에서 바닷물 ______________가 상승했을 때, 살아 있는
______________의 90퍼센트까지 소실되었으며 과학자들이 산호 ______________라 부르는 것을 야기했다.
6. Yet in some sections of the reef surface, 44 percent of the corals recovered within twelve years.6)
하지만 ______________ 표면의 몇몇 부분에서 산호의 44퍼센트가 12년 이내에 ______________.
7. Similarly, kelp forests hammered by intense El Niño water‑temperature increases recovered within
five years.7)
______________ ______________ 엘니뇨 수온 상승에 의해 ______________한 켈프 숲이 5년 이내에 회복했다.
8. By studying these “bright spots,” situations where ecosystems persist even in the face of major
climatic impacts, we can learn what management strategies help to minimize destructive forces
and nurture resilience.8)
이러한 ‘밝은 지점들’, 즉 중대한 기후의 영향______________ 순간에도 생태계가 ______________는 상황들
을 연구함으로써 우리는 어떠한 ______________ ______________이 ______________ 힘을 ______________고 회
복력을 ______________는 데 도움이 되는지를 배울 수 있다.
- 158 -
1. 우리는 지구가 운이 다한 것이라고 듣기 때문에 우리는 다른 종의 회복력을 증명하는 과학적 연구의

증가하는 수를 기억하지 않는다.1)
Because we are told that the planet is ______________, we do not register the growing number of
scientific studies ______________ the ______________ of other species.
2. 예를 들어 기후로 인한 교란이 세계 해안의 해양 생태계에 더 자주 그리고 더 큰 강도로 영향을 미

치고 있다.2)
For instance, ______________ ______________ are affecting the world’s ______________ ______________
______________ more frequently and with greater ______________.
3. 이것은 긴급한 조치를 요구하는 세계적인 문제이다.3)

This is a global problem that ______________ ______________ action.
4. 하지만 ‘BioScience’의 2017년 논문에서 자세히 설명된 것처럼, 해양 생태계가 극심한 기후의 사건들
에 놀라운 회복력을 보여 주는 경우들이 또한 있다.4)
Yet, as detailed in a 2017 paper in BioScience, there are also instances where marine ecosystems
show ______________ resilience to ______________ climatic events.
5. 예를 들어 Western Australia의 한 지역에서 바닷물 온도가 상승했을 때, 살아 있는 산호의 90퍼센트

까지 소실되었으며 과학자들이 산호 백화라 부르는 것을 야기했다.5)
In a region in Western Australia, for instance, up to 90 percent of live ______________ was lost
when ocean water ______________ rose, causing what scientists call coral ______________.
6. 하지만 암초 표면의 몇몇 부분에서 산호의 44퍼센트가 12년 이내에 회복했다.6)

Yet in some sections of the ______________ surface, 44 percent of the corals ______________ within
twelve years.
7. 마찬가지로 극심한 엘니뇨 수온 상승에 의해 강타당한 켈프 숲이 5년 이내에 회복했다.7)

______________, kelp forests ______________ by ______________ El Niño water‑temperature increases
recovered within five years.
8. 이러한 ‘밝은 지점들’, 즉 중대한 기후의 영향에 직면한 순간에도 생태계가 지속되는 상황들을 연구함
으로써 우리는 어떠한 관리 전략들이 파괴적인 힘을 최소화하고 회복력을 키우는 데 도움이 되는지
를 배울 수 있다.8)
By studying these “bright spots,” situations where ecosystems ______________ even ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ major climatic impacts, we can learn what ______________
______________ help to ______________ ______________ forces and ______________ resilience.
- 159 -
1. Because we are told that the planet is doomed, we do not register the growing number of
scientific studies demonstrating the resilience of other species.1)
2. For instance, climate‑driven disturbances are affecting the world’s coastal marine ecosystems more
frequently and with greater intensity.2)
3. This is a global problem that demands urgent action.3)
4. Yet, as detailed in a 2017 paper in BioScience, there are also instances where marine ecosystems
show remarkable resilience to acute climatic events.4)
5. In a region in Western Australia, for instance, up to 90 percent of live coral was lost when ocean
water temperatures rose, causing what scientists call coral bleaching.5)
6. Yet in some sections of the reef surface, 44 percent of the corals recovered within twelve years.6)
7. Similarly, kelp forests hammered by intense El Niño water‑temperature increases recovered within
five years.7)
8. By studying these “bright spots,” situations where ecosystems persist even in the face of major
climatic impacts, we can learn what management strategies help to minimize destructive forces
and nurture resilience.8)
- 160 -

[Because of / Because] we are told [which / that] the planet is doomed, we do not register the
growing number of scientific studies [demonstrating / demonstrated] the resilience of other
species.

치고 있다.2)
For instance, climate‑driven disturbances are [affected / affecting] the world’s coastal marine
ecosystems more frequently and with greater intensity.

This is a global problem [what / that] [demand / demands] urgent action.
Yet, as detailed in a 2017 paper in BioScience, there [are / is] also instances [where / which]
marine ecosystems show remarkable resilience to acute climatic events.

In a region in Western Australia, for instance, up to 90 percent of live coral was [losing / lost]
when ocean water temperatures rose, causing [that / what] scientists call coral bleaching.

Yet in some sections of the reef surface, 44 percent of the corals [recovering / recovered] within
twelve years.
- 161 -

Similarly, kelp forests [hammering / hammered] by intense El Niño water‑temperature increases
[recovering / recovered] within five years.
By studying these “bright spots,” situations [where / which] ecosystems persist even in the face
of major climatic impacts, we can learn what management strategies help to minimize destructive
forces and nurture resilience.
- 162 -

(are / the planet / because / doomed / we / is / that / told), (register / studies / scientific / we
/ the / of / not / do / number / growing) (other / demonstrating / species / the resilience / of)

치고 있다.2)
For instance, (affecting / marine / disturbances / are / the / climate‑driven / ecosystems / coastal
/ world’s) more frequently and with greater intensity.

(action / demands / this / a / urgent / is / problem / that / global)
Yet, as detailed in a 2017 paper in BioScience, (events / are also / resilience / marine / where /
climatic / remarkable / instances / show / to / ecosystems / there / acute).

In a region in Western Australia, for instance, (up to / coral / was / of / lost / live / 90 percent)
(rose / water / temperatures / when / ocean), (causing / scientists / call / coral bleaching /
what).
- 163 -

Yet (some / sections / of / the / reef / in / surface), (recovered / twelve / within / 44 percent /
years / the corals / of).

Similarly, (by / increases / El Niño water‑temperature / kelp forests / hammered / intense) (within
/ recovered / five / years).
By studying these “bright spots,” (of / impacts / ecosystems / even in / the face / where /
persist / major / climatic / situations), (destructive / help / management / forces / we / nurture /
strategies / and / to / minimize / can / resilience / learn / what).
- 164 -
(A) Yet in some sections of the reef surface, 44 percent of the corals recovered within twelve years.
Similarly, kelp forests hammered by intense El Niño water‑temperature increases recovered within
five years. By studying these “bright spots,” situations where ecosystems persist even in the face
of major climatic impacts, we can learn what management strategies help to minimize
destructive forces and nurture resilience.
(B) For instance, climate‑driven disturbances are affecting the world’s coastal marine ecosystems
more frequently and with greater intensity. This is a global problem that demands urgent
action.
(C) Because we are told that the planet is doomed, we do not register the growing number of
scientific studies demonstrating the resilience of other species.
(D) Yet, as detailed in a 2017 paper in BioScience, there are also instances where marine
ecosystems show remarkable resilience to acute climatic events. In a region in Western
Australia, for instance, up to 90 percent of live coral was lost when ocean water temperatures
rose, causing what scientists call coral bleaching.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 165 -
1. 우리는 지구가 운이 다한 것이라고 듣기 때문에 우리는 다른 종의 회복력을 증명하는 과학적 연구들

의 증가하는 수를 기억하지 않는다.1)
tell, that, the planet, doom, register, grow, number, study, demonstrate, the resilience
Because ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
2. 예를 들어 기후로 인한 교란들이 세계 해안의 해양 생태계들에 더 자주 그리고 더 큰 강도로 영향을

미치고 있다.2)
disturbances, affect, coastal, marine, frequently, with, great, intensity

For instance, climate‑driven ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________
______________.
global, that, demand, urgent, action

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________
there, instance, where, show, remarkable, resilience, acute, climatic, event

Yet, as detailed in a 2017 paper in BioScience, ______________ ______________ also ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
- 166 -

live, coral, lose, ocean, water, temperature, rise, cause, scientist, call
In a region in Western Australia, for instance, up to 90 percent ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ when ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ coral bleaching.
6. 하지만 암초 표면의 몇몇 부분에서 산호들의 44퍼센트가 12년 이내에 회복했다.6)
the coral, recover, within

Yet in some sections of the reef surface, 44 percent ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
hammer, intense, recover, within

Similarly, kelp forests ______________ ______________ ______________ El Niño water‑temperature increases
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
8. 이러한 ‘밝은 지점들’, 즉 중대한 기후의 영향들에 직면한 순간에도 생태계가 지속되는 상황들을 연구
함으로써 우리는 어떠한 관리 전략들이 파괴적인 힘들을 최소화하고 회복력을 키우는 데 도움이 되
는지를 배울 수 있다.8)
where, persist, major, impact, management, strategy, minimize, destructive, force, nurture
By studying these “bright spots,” ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ even in the
face of ______________ ______________ ______________, we can learn ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________.
- 167 -
본문 해석지
38번
Brightness of sounds means much energy in higher 소리의 밝기는 더 높은 주파수에서의 많은

frequencies, which can be calculated from the sounds 에너지를 의미하며, 이는 소리로부터 쉽게
easily. 계산될 수 있다.
A violin has many more overtones compared to a flute 바이올린은 플루트에 비해 더 많은 상음(上
and sounds brighter. An oboe is brighter than a classical 音)을 가지고 있고 더 밝게 들린다. 오보에
가 클래식 기타보다 더 밝고, 크래시 심벌이
guitar, and a crash cymbal brighter than a double bass.
더블 베이스보다 더 밝다.
This is obvious, and indeed people like brightness. 이것은 명백하고 실제로 사람들은 밝음을
좋아한다.
One reason is that it makes sound subjectively louder, 한 가지 이유는 그것이 소리를 주관적으로
which is part of the loudness war in modern electronic 더 크게 들리도록 만든다는 것이며, 이는 현
대 전자 음악과 19세기 클래식 음악에서 소
music, and in the classical music of the 19th century.
리의 세기 전쟁의 일환이다.
All sound engineers know that if they play back a track to 모든 음향 기사들은 만약 그들이 방금 이
a musician that just has recorded this track and add some 곡을 녹음한 음악가에게 곡을 틀어 주고 약
간의 더 높은 주파수를 더하면, 그 음악가는
higher frequencies, the musician will immediately like the
곧바로 그 곡을 훨씬 더 좋아하게 되리라는
track much better.
것을 안다.
But this is a short‑lived effect, and in the long run, people 하지만 이것은 일시적인 효과이고 장기적으
find such sounds too bright. 로 사람들은 그러한 소리가 너무 밝다는 것
을 알게 된다.
So it is wise not to play back such a track with too much 따라서 그러한 곡을 너무 밝게 틀어 주지
brightness, as it normally takes quite some time to 않는 것이 현명한데 왜냐하면 그 음악가에
게 더 적은 밝기가 결국 자신의 음악에 더
convince the musician that less brightness serves his music
도움이 된다는 것을 납득시키는 데 보통 꽤
better in the end. 상당한 시간이 걸리기 때문이다.
- 168 -
1. Brightness of sounds means much energy in higher frequencies, which can be calculated from
the sounds easily.1)
소리의 ______________는 더 높은 ______________에서의 많은 에너지를 의미하며, 이는 소리로부터 쉽게
______________ 수 있다.
2. A violin has many more overtones compared to a flute and sounds brighter. An oboe is brighter
than a classical guitar, and a crash cymbal brighter than a double bass.2)
바이올린은 플루트______________ 더 많은 상음(上音)을 가지고 있고 더 밝게 들린다. 오보에가 클래식
기타보다 더 밝고, 크래시 심벌이 더블 베이스보다 더 밝다.
3. This is obvious, and indeed people like brightness.3)

이것은 ______________고 ______________ 사람들은 밝음을 좋아한다.
4. One reason is that it makes sound subjectively louder, which is part of the loudness war in
modern electronic music, and in the classical music of the 19th century.4)
한 가지 이유는 그것이 소리를 ______________ 더 크게 들리도록 만든다는 것이며, 이는 ______________
______________ 음악과 19세기 클래식 음악에서 소리의 ______________ 전쟁의 일환이다.
5. All sound engineers know that if they play back a track to a musician that just has recorded this
track and add some higher frequencies, the musician will immediately like the track much better.5)
모든 음향 기사들은 만약 그들이 방금 이 곡을 ______________ 음악가에게 곡을 ______________ 고 약간의
더 높은 주파수를 더하면, 그 음악가는 ______________ 그 곡을 훨씬 더 좋아하게 되리라는 것을 안다.
6. But this is a short‑lived effect, and in the long run, people find such sounds too bright.6)
하지만 이것은 ______________ 효과이고 ______________ 사람들은 그러한 소리가 너무 밝다는 것을 알게
된다.
7. So it is wise not to play back such a track with too much brightness, as it normally takes quite
some time to convince the musician that less brightness serves his music better in the end.7)
따라서 그러한 곡을 너무 밝게 틀어 주지 않는 것이 현명한데 왜냐하면 그 음악가에게 더 적은 밝기
가 ______________ 자신의 음악에 더 ______________ 는 것을 ______________는 데 ______________ 꽤 상당한
시간이 걸리기 때문이다.
- 169 -
1. 소리의 밝기는 더 높은 주파수에서의 많은 에너지를 의미하며, 이는 소리로부터 쉽게 계산될 수 있다.1)

______________ of sounds means much energy in higher ______________, which can be ______________
from the sounds easily.
2. 바이올린은 플루트에 비해 더 많은 상음(上音)을 가지고 있고 더 밝게 들린다. 오보에가 클래식 기타

보다 더 밝고, 크래시 심벌이 더블 베이스보다 더 밝다.2)
A violin has many more overtones ______________ ______________ a flute and sounds brighter. An
oboe is brighter than a classical guitar, and a crash cymbal brighter than a double bass.
3. 이것은 명백하고 실제로 사람들은 밝음을 좋아한다.3)

This is ______________, and ______________ people like brightness.
4. 한 가지 이유는 그것이 소리를 주관적으로 더 크게 들리도록 만든다는 것이며, 이는 현대 전자 음악

과 19세기 클래식 음악에서 소리의 세기 전쟁의 일환이다.4)
One reason is that it makes sound ______________ louder, which is part of the ______________ war in
______________ ______________ music, and in the classical music of the 19th century.
5. 모든 음향 기사들은 만약 그들이 방금 이 곡을 녹음한 음악가에게 곡을 틀어 주고 약간의 더 높은

주파수를 더하면, 그 음악가는 곧바로 그 곡을 훨씬 더 좋아하게 되리라는 것을 안다.5)
All sound engineers know that if they ______________ ______________ a track to a musician that just
has ______________ this track and add some higher frequencies, the musician will ______________ like
the track much better.
6. 하지만 이것은 일시적인 효과이고 장기적으로 사람들은 그러한 소리가 너무 밝다는 것을 알게 된다.6)
But this is a ______________ effect, and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
people find such sounds too bright.
7. 따라서 그러한 곡을 너무 밝게 틀어 주지 않는 것이 현명한데 왜냐하면 그 음악가에게 더 적은 밝기가

결국 자신의 음악에 더 도움이 된다는 것을 납득시키는 데 보통 꽤 상당한 시간이 걸리기 때문이다.7)
So it is wise not to play back such a track with too much brightness, as it ______________ takes
quite some time to ______________ the musician that less brightness ______________ his music better
______________ ______________ ______________.
- 170 -
1. Brightness of sounds means much energy in higher frequencies, which can be calculated from
the sounds easily.1)
2. A violin has many more overtones compared to a flute and sounds brighter. An oboe is brighter
than a classical guitar, and a crash cymbal brighter than a double bass.2)
3. This is obvious, and indeed people like brightness.3)
4. One reason is that it makes sound subjectively louder, which is part of the loudness war in
modern electronic music, and in the classical music of the 19th century.4)
5. All sound engineers know that if they play back a track to a musician that just has recorded this
track and add some higher frequencies, the musician will immediately like the track much better.5)
6. But this is a short‑lived effect, and in the long run, people find such sounds too bright.6)
7. So it is wise not to play back such a track with too much brightness, as it normally takes quite
some time to convince the musician that less brightness serves his music better in the end.7)
- 171 -

Brightness of sounds [mean / means] much energy in higher frequencies, [that / which] can [be
calculated / calculate] from the sounds easily.

A violin has many more overtones compared to a flute and [sounds / sound] brighter. An oboe
is brighter than a classical guitar, and a crash cymbal brighter than a double bass.

This is [obviously / obvious], and indeed people like brightness.

One reason is [that / what] it makes sound subjectively louder, [which / that] [are / is] part of
the loudness war in modern electronic music, and in the classical music of the 19th century.

All sound engineers know [which / that] if they play back a track to a musician [that / what] just
[have / has] recorded this track and add some higher frequencies, the musician will immediately
like the track much better.
But this is a short‑lived effect, and in the long run, people find such sounds too [brightly /
bright].

So it is wise [not to play / to not play] back [a such / such a] track with too much brightness,
as it normally takes quite some time to convince the musician [that / who] less brightness serves
his music better in the end.
- 172 -

(frequencies / of / brightness / energy / sounds / much / higher / in / means), (the sounds / be
/ which / calculated / from / can) easily.

(a violin / has / many more / overtones) (compared / a flute / to) and sounds brighter. (a
classical guitar / is / an oboe / than / brighter), and (a crash cymbal / brighter / a double bass
/ than).

This is obvious, and indeed (like / brightness / people).

(sound / reason / it / that / subjectively louder / one / is / makes), (of / is / the loudness war /
which / part) in modern electronic music, and in the classical music of the 19th century.

(all / engineers / know / sound / that) (to / play / a musician / if / a track / back / they)
(recorded / that / this / track / just has) and (higher / some / add / frequencies), (the track /
like / much / will immediately / better / the musician).
- 173 -
But (a / effect / is / this / short‑lived), and in the long run, (such / find / bright / sounds /
people / too).

So (not / track / back / a / it / wise / is / play / to / such) (with / too / much / brightness), as
(some / time / convince / quite / the / it / normally takes / musician / to) (better / brightness /
less / serves / that / music / his) in the end.
- 174 -
(A) But this is a short‑lived effect, and in the long run, people find such sounds too bright. So it is
wise not to play back such a track with too much brightness, as it normally takes quite some
time to convince the musician that less brightness serves his music better in the end.
(B) This is obvious, and indeed people like brightness. One reason is that it makes sound
subjectively louder, which is part of the loudness war in modern electronic music, and in the
classical music of the 19th century.
(C) Brightness of sounds means much energy in higher frequencies, which can be calculated from
the sounds easily. A violin has many more overtones compared to a flute and sounds brighter.
An oboe is brighter than a classical guitar, and a crash cymbal brighter than a double bass.
(D) All sound engineers know that if they play back a track to a musician that just has recorded
this track and add some higher frequencies, the musician will immediately like the track much
better.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 175 -
1. 소리의 밝기는 더 높은 주파수들에서의 많은 에너지를 의미하며, 이는 소리로부터 쉽게 계산될 수 있다.1)
mean, high, frequency, calculate

Brightness of sounds ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ easily.

many, overtone, compare, a flute, classical

A violin ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ and ______________ ______________. An oboe ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, and a crash cymbal brighter than a double bass.
this, obvious
______________ ______________ ______________, and indeed ______________ ______________ ______________.

that, subjectively, loud, part, loudness

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ in modern electronic music, and in the classical music of the 19th
century.

주파수들을 더하면, 그 음악가는 곧바로 그 곡을 훨씬 더 좋아하게 되리라는 것을 안다.5)
that, play, back, a track, have, record

All sound engineers know that if ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ just ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________ ______________ immediately ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________.
- 176 -
short‑lived, long, find, such

But ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, and ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.

it, wise, back, with, much, take, quite, convince, that, serve
So ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, as
it normally ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ in the end.
- 177 -
본문 해석지
39번
Scientists who have observed plants growing in the dark 어둠 속에서 식물이 자라는 것을 관찰해 온
have found that they are vastly different in appearance, 과학자들은 그것들이 빛 속에서 길러진 것
form, and function from those grown in the light. 들과 외관, 형태 그리고 기능에서 상당히 다
르다는 것을 발견해왔다.
This is true even when the plants in the different light 이것은 다른 빛 조건에 있는 식물들이 유전
conditions are genetically identical and are grown under 적으로 동일하고 온도, 물 그리고 영양소 수
준의 동일한 조건에서 길러질 때에도 적용
identical conditions of temperature, water, and nutrient
된다.
level.
Seedlings grown in the dark limit the amount of energy 어둠 속에서 길러진 묘목은 떡잎이나 뿌리
going to organs that do not function at full capacity in 처럼, 어둠 속에서 완전한 능력으로 기능하
지 않는 기관으로 가는 에너지의 양을 제한
the dark, like cotyledons and roots, and instead initiate
하고, 대신 그 식물을 어둠에서 벗어나 나아
elongation of the seedling stem to propel the plant out of 가게 하기 위하여 묘목 줄기의 연장을 시작
darkness. 한다.
In full light, seedlings reduce the amount of energy they 충분한 빛 속에서 묘목은 그것들이 줄기 연
장에 배분하는 에너지의 양을 줄인다.
allocate to stem elongation.
The energy is directed to expanding their leaves and 그 에너지는 그것들의 잎을 확장하고 광범
developing extensive root systems. 위한 근계(根系)를 발달시키는 데로 향한다.
This is a good example of phenotypic plasticity. 이것이 표현형 적응성의 좋은 예이다.
The seedling adapts to distinct environmental conditions 묘목은 그것의 형태와 근원적인 신진대사
by modifying its form and the underlying metabolic and 및 생화학적 과정을 바꿈으로써 별개의 환
biochemical processes. 경 조건에 적응한다.
- 178 -
1. Scientists who have observed plants growing in the dark have found that they are vastly different
in appearance, form, and function from those grown in the light.1)
어둠 속에서 식물이 자라는 것을 ______________ 온 과학자들은 그것들이 빛 속에서 길러진 것들과
______________, 형태 그리고 ______________에서 ______________ 다르다는 것을 발견해왔다.
2. This is true even when the plants in the different light conditions are genetically identical and
are grown under identical conditions of temperature, water, and nutrient level.2)
이것은 다른 빛 조건에 있는 식물들이 ______________ ______________고 온도, 물 그리고 ______________
수준의 동일한 조건에서 길러질 때에도 적용된다.
3. Seedlings grown in the dark limit the amount of energy going to organs that do not function at
full capacity in the dark, like cotyledons and roots, and instead initiate elongation of the seedling
stem to propel the plant out of darkness.3)
어둠 속에서 길러진 ______________은 떡잎이나 뿌리처럼, 어둠 속에서 완전한 ______________으로 기능
하지 않는 ______________으로 가는 에너지의 양을 ______________고, 대신 그 식물을 어둠에서 벗어나
______________ 기 위하여 묘목 줄기의 연장을 ______________.
4. In full light, seedlings reduce the amount of energy they allocate to stem elongation.4)
충분한 빛 속에서 묘목은 그것들이 줄기 연장에 ______________는 에너지의 양을 ______________.
5. The energy is directed to expanding their leaves and developing extensive root systems.5)
그 에너지는 그것들의 잎을 ______________고 ______________ 근계(根系)를 발달시키는 데로 향한다.
6. This is a good example of phenotypic plasticity.6)

이것이 표현형 ______________의 좋은 예이다.
7. The seedling adapts to distinct environmental conditions by modifying its form and the
underlying metabolic and biochemical processes.7)
묘목은 그것의 형태와 ______________ ______________ 및 ______________ 과정을 ______________으로써
______________ 환경 조건에 ______________.
- 179 -
1. 어둠 속에서 식물이 자라는 것을 관찰해 온 과학자들은 그것들이 빛 속에서 길러진 것들과 외관, 형
태 그리고 기능에서 상당히 다르다는 것을 발견해왔다.1)
Scientists who have ______________ plants growing in the dark have found that they are
______________ different in ______________, form, and ______________ from those grown in the light.
2. 이것은 다른 빛 조건에 있는 식물들이 유전적으로 동일하고 온도, 물 그리고 영양소 수준의 동일한
조건에서 길러질 때에도 적용된다.2)
This is true even when the plants in the different light conditions are ______________ ______________
and are grown under identical conditions of temperature, water, and ______________ level.
3. 어둠 속에서 길러진 묘목은 떡잎이나 뿌리처럼, 어둠 속에서 완전한 능력으로 기능하지 않는 기관으
로 가는 에너지의 양을 제한하고, 대신 그 식물을 어둠에서 벗어나 나아가게 하기 위하여 묘목 줄기
의 연장을 시작한다.3)
______________ grown in the dark ______________ the amount of energy going to ______________ that
do not function at full ______________ in the dark, like cotyledons and roots, and instead
______________ elongation of the seedling stem to ______________ the plant out of darkness.
4. 충분한 빛 속에서 묘목은 그것들이 줄기 연장에 배분하는 에너지의 양을 줄인다.4)

In full light, seedlings ______________ the amount of energy they ______________ to stem elongation.
5. 그 에너지는 그것들의 잎을 확장하고 광범위한 근계(根系)를 발달시키는 데로 향한다.5)

The energy is directed to ______________ their leaves and developing ______________ root systems.
6. 이것이 표현형 적응성의 좋은 예이다.6)

This is a good example of phenotypic ______________.
7. 묘목은 그것의 형태와 근원적인 신진대사 및 생화학적 과정을 바꿈으로써 별개의 환경 조건에 적응
한다.7)
The seedling ______________ to ______________ environmental conditions by ______________ its form and
the ______________ ______________ and ______________ processes.
- 180 -
1. Scientists who have observed plants growing in the dark have found that they are vastly different
in appearance, form, and function from those grown in the light.1)
2. This is true even when the plants in the different light conditions are genetically identical and
are grown under identical conditions of temperature, water, and nutrient level.2)
3. Seedlings grown in the dark limit the amount of energy going to organs that do not function at
full capacity in the dark, like cotyledons and roots, and instead initiate elongation of the seedling
stem to propel the plant out of darkness.3)
4. In full light, seedlings reduce the amount of energy they allocate to stem elongation.4)
5. The energy is directed to expanding their leaves and developing extensive root systems.5)
6. This is a good example of phenotypic plasticity.6)
7. The seedling adapts to distinct environmental conditions by modifying its form and the
underlying metabolic and biochemical processes.7)
- 181 -
Scientists who have [been observed / observed] plants growing in the dark [has / have] found
[that / what] they are vastly different in appearance, form, and function from those grown in the
light.
This is true even when the plants in the different light conditions [are / is] genetically identical
and [is / are] grown under identical conditions of temperature, water, and nutrient level.
Seedlings grown in the dark [limit / limits] the amount of energy going to organs [what / that]
[do / does] not function at full capacity in the dark, like cotyledons and roots, and instead
[initiate / initiates] elongation of the seedling stem to propel the plant out of darkness.

In full light, seedlings reduce the amount of energy they [allocate to / allocate] stem elongation.

The energy is directed to expanding their leaves and [developing / developed] extensive root
systems.
6. 이것이 표현형 적응성의 좋은 예이다. 묘목은 그것의 형태와 근원적인 신진대사 및 생화학적 과정을
바꿈으로써 별개의 환경 조건에 적응한다.6)
This is a good example of phenotypic plasticity. The seedling [adapts / adapts to] distinct
environmental conditions by modifying [its / their] form and the underlying metabolic and
biochemical processes.
- 182 -
(observed / have / growing / the dark / scientists / who / plants / in) (have / and function /
different / appearance, / found / form, / that / are vastly / they / in) (from / grown / the light /
those / in)
This is true (the / light / identical / conditions / different / even when / in / the plants / are
genetically) and (level / conditions / and / identical / temperature, / under / nutrient / grown /
of / water, / are).
(limit / grown / to / in / seedlings / amount / the / of / energy / organs / the dark / going)
(full / capacity / that / function / in / not / the dark / at / do), like cotyledons and roots, and
instead (elongation / the seedling / initiate / of / stem) (to / of / out / the plant / propel /
darkness).

In full light, (energy / of / reduce / they / stem / elongation / allocate / the amount / to /
seedlings).

(expanding / is / leaves / the energy / directed / to / their) and (root / systems / extensive /
developing).
- 183 -

(this / of / a / plasticity / is / good / phenotypic / example)
7. 묘목은 그것의 형태와 근원적인 신진대사 및 생화학적 과정을 바꿈으로써 별개의 환경 조건에 적응
한다.7)
(the seedling / conditions / distinct / adapts / to / environmental) (and / metabolic / its / form
/ by / modifying / the / underlying / biochemical / processes / and)
- 184 -
(A) This is a good example of phenotypic plasticity. The seedling adapts to distinct environmental
conditions by modifying its form and the underlying metabolic and biochemical processes.
(B) Scientists who have observed plants growing in the dark have found that they are vastly
different in appearance, form, and function from those grown in the light. This is true even
when the plants in the different light conditions are genetically identical and are grown under
identical conditions of temperature, water, and nutrient level.
(C) Seedlings grown in the dark limit the amount of energy going to organs that do not function
at full capacity in the dark, like cotyledons and roots, and instead initiate elongation of the
seedling stem to propel the plant out of darkness. In full light, seedlings reduce the amount of
energy they allocate to stem elongation. The energy is directed to expanding their leaves and
developing extensive root systems.
___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 185 -
1. 어둠 속에서 식물들이 자라는 것을 관찰해 온 과학자들은 그것들이 빛 속에서 길러진 것들과 외관,
형태 그리고 기능에서 상당히 다르다는 것을 발견해왔다.1)
observe, plant, grow, find, that, vastly, appearance, form, function

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ in the dark
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ in the light.
2. 이것은 다른 빛 조건들에 있는 식물들이 유전적으로 동일하고 온도, 물 그리고 영양소 수준의 동일한
조건들에서 길러질 때에도 적용된다.2)
condition, identical, under, nutrient, level

This is true even when ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ genetically ______________ and ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________, ______________
______________ ______________.
3. 어둠 속에서 길러진 묘목들은 떡잎이나 뿌리처럼, 어둠 속에서 완전한 능력으로 기능하지 않는 기관

들로 가는 에너지의 양을 제한하고, 대신 그 식물을 어둠에서 벗어나 나아가게 하기 위하여 묘목 줄
기의 연장을 시작한다.3)
limit, the amount, go, organ, that, function, full, capacity, initiate, elongation, propel
Seedlings grown in the dark ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ in the dark, like cotyledons and roots, and instead
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
4. 충분한 빛 속에서 묘목들은 그것들이 줄기 연장에 배분하는 에너지의 양을 줄인다.4)
reduce, allocate
In full light, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 186 -
5. 그 에너지는 그것들의 잎들을 확장하고 광범위한 근계(根系)를 발달시키는 데로 향한다.5)
direct, expand, develop extensive

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ and ______________ ______________ root systems.
this, good, example, phenotypic, plasticity

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________
7. 묘목은 그것의 형태와 근원적인 신진대사 및 생화학적 과정들을 바꿈으로써 별개의 환경 조건들에
적응한다.7)
adapt, distinct, modify, underlie, metabolic, biochemical

The seedling ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.
- 187 -
본문 해석지
40번
In a study, Guy Mayraz, a behavioral economist, showed 한 연구에서 행동 경제학자인 Guy Mayraz
his experimental subjects graphs of a price rising and 는 시간이 지나면서 오르내린 가격에 대한
falling over time. 도표들을 자신의 실험 대상자들에게 보여
주었다.
그 도표들은 사실 주식 시장에서의 과거 변
The graphs were actually of past changes in the stock
동에 관한 것이었으나 Mayraz는 사람들에
market, but Mayraz told people that the graphs showed 게 그 도표들이 밀 가격에서의 최근의 변동
recent changes in the price of wheat. 을 보여 준다고 말했다.
He asked each person to predict where the price would 그는 각각의 사람에게 가격이 다음에 어디
move next ― and offered them a reward if their forecasts 로 움직일지를 예측하도록 요청했으며, 그들
의 예측이 실현되면 그들에게 보상을 제공
came true.
했다.
But Mayraz had also divided his participants into two 그러나 Mayraz는 또한 자신의 참가자들을
categories, “farmers” and “bakers”. ‘농부’와 ‘제빵사’라는 두 개의 범주로 나누
었다.
Farmers would be paid extra if wheat prices were high. 농부들은 밀 가격이 높으면 추가 보상을 받
Bakers would earn a bonus if wheat was cheap. 을 것이었다. 제빵사들은 밀이 저렴하면 보
너스를 받을 것이었다.
따라서 실험 대상자들은 두 개의 별개의 보

So the subjects might earn two separate payments: one
상을 받았을지도 모르는데, 즉 정확한 예측
for an accurate forecast, and a bonus if the price of wheat 에 대한 보상과 밀의 가격이 자신들의 방향
moved in their direction. 으로 움직이게 될 경우의 보너스였다.
Mayraz found that the prospect of the bonus influenced Mayraz는 보너스에 대한 기대가 예측 자체
에 영향을 미쳤음을 발견했다.
the forecast itself.
- 188 -
The farmers hoped and predicted that the price of wheat 농부들은 밀의 가격이 올라갈 것이라고 희
would rise. The bakers hoped for ― and predicted ― the 망했고 ‘예측했다.’ 제빵사들은 그 반대를 희
망했고 ‘예측했다.’ 그들은 자신들의 희망이
opposite. They let their hopes influence their reasoning.
추론에 영향을 미치게 했다.
When participants were asked to predict the price change 참가자들이 밀의 가격 변동을 예측하도록
of wheat, their wish for where the price would go, which 요청받았을 때, 가격이 어디로 이동할 것인
was determined by the group they belonged to, affected 가에 대한 그들의 희망은 자신들이 속했던
집단에 의해 정해졌고 이(희망)는 그들의 예
their predictions.
측에 영향을 미쳤다.
- 189 -
1. In a study, Guy Mayraz, a behavioral economist, showed his experimental subjects graphs of a
price rising and falling over time.1)
한 연구에서 ______________ 인 Guy Mayraz는 시간이 지나면서 오르내린 가격에 대한 도표들을 자신
의 ______________ 에게 보여 주었다.
2. The graphs were actually of past changes in the stock market, but Mayraz told people that the
graphs showed recent changes in the price of wheat.2)
그 도표들은 사실 ______________ 에서의 과거 변동에 관한 것이었으나 Mayraz는 사람들에게 그 도표
들이 ______________ 가격에서의 최근의 변동을 보여 준다고 말했다.
3. He asked each person to predict where the price would move next ― and offered them a reward
if their forecasts came true.3)
그는 각각의 사람에게 가격이 다음에 어디로 움직일지를 ______________도록 요청했으며, 그들의
______________이 실현되면 그들에게 ______________을 ______________.
4. But Mayraz had also divided his participants into two categories, “farmers” and “bakers”.4)
그러나 Mayraz는 또한 자신의 참가자들을 ‘농부’와 ‘제빵사’라는 두 개의 ______________로
______________.
5. Farmers would be paid extra if wheat prices were high. Bakers would earn a bonus if wheat was
cheap.5)
농부들은 밀 가격이 높으면 ______________ 보상을 받을 것이었다. 제빵사들은 밀이 저렴하면 보너스를
받을 것이었다.
6. So the subjects might earn two separate payments: one for an accurate forecast, and a bonus if
the price of wheat moved in their direction.6)
따라서 실험 대상자들은 두 개의 ______________ ______________을 받았을지도 모르는데, 즉
______________ 예측에 대한 보상과 밀의 가격이 자신들의 방향으로 움직이게 될 경우의 보너스였다.
7. Mayraz found that the prospect of the bonus influenced the forecast itself.7)
Mayraz는 보너스에 대한 ______________가 예측 자체에 ______________ 음을 발견했다.
- 190 -
8. The farmers hoped and predicted that the price of wheat would rise. The bakers hoped for ―
and predicted ― the opposite. They let their hopes influence their reasoning.8)
농부들은 밀의 가격이 올라갈 것이라고 희망했고 ‘예측했다.’ 제빵사들은 그 ______________를 희망했고
‘예측했다.’ 그들은 자신들의 희망이 ______________에 영향을 미치게 했다.
9. When participants were asked to predict the price change of wheat, their wish for where the price
would go, which was determined by the group they belonged to, affected their predictions.9)
참가자들이 밀의 가격 변동을 예측하도록 요청받았을 때, 가격이 어디로 이동할 것인가에 대한 그들
의 희망은 자신들이 ______________던 집단에 의해 ______________고 이(희망)는 그들의 예측에
______________.
- 191 -
1. 한 연구에서 행동 경제학자인 Guy Mayraz는 시간이 지나면서 오르내린 가격에 대한 도표들을 자신

의 실험 대상자들에게 보여 주었다.1)
In a study, Guy Mayraz, a ______________ ______________, showed his ______________ ______________
graphs of a price rising and falling over time.
2. 그 도표들은 사실 주식 시장에서의 과거 변동에 관한 것이었으나 Mayraz는 사람들에게 그 도표들이

밀 가격에서의 최근의 변동을 보여 준다고 말했다.2)
The graphs were actually of past changes in the ______________ ______________, but Mayraz told
people that the graphs showed recent changes in the price of ______________.
3. 그는 각각의 사람에게 가격이 다음에 어디로 움직일지를 예측하도록 요청했으며, 그들의 예측이 실현
되면 그들에게 보상을 제공했다.3)
He asked each person to ______________ where the price would move next ― and ______________
them a ______________ if their ______________ came true.
4. 그러나 Mayraz는 또한 자신의 참가자들을 ‘농부’와 ‘제빵사’라는 두 개의 범주로 나누었다.4)

But Mayraz had also ______________ his participants into two ______________, “farmers” and “bakers”.
5. 농부들은 밀 가격이 높으면 추가 보상을 받을 것이었다. 제빵사들은 밀이 저렴하면 보너스를 받을 것

이었다.5)
Farmers would be paid ______________ if wheat prices were high. Bakers would earn a bonus if
wheat was cheap.
6. 따라서 실험 대상자들은 두 개의 별개의 보상을 받았을지도 모르는데, 즉 정확한 예측에 대한 보상과

밀의 가격이 자신들의 방향으로 움직이게 될 경우의 보너스였다.6)
So the subjects might earn two ______________ ______________: one for an ______________ forecast, and
a bonus if the price of wheat moved in their direction.
7. Mayraz는 보너스에 대한 기대가 예측 자체에 영향을 미쳤음을 발견했다.7)

Mayraz found that the ______________ of the bonus ______________ the forecast itself.
- 192 -
8. 농부들은 밀의 가격이 올라갈 것이라고 희망했고 ‘예측했다.’ 제빵사들은 그 반대를 희망했고 ‘예측했
다.’ 그들은 자신들의 희망이 추론에 영향을 미치게 했다.8)
The farmers hoped and predicted that the price of wheat would rise. The bakers hoped for ―
and predicted ― the ______________. They let their hopes influence their ______________.
9. 참가자들이 밀의 가격 변동을 예측하도록 요청받았을 때, 가격이 어디로 이동할 것인가에 대한 그들

의 희망은 자신들이 속했던 집단에 의해 정해졌고 이(희망)는 그들의 예측에 영향을 미쳤다.9)
When participants were asked to predict the price change of wheat, their wish for where the
price would go, which was ______________ by the group they ______________ to, ______________ their
predictions.
- 193 -
1. In a study, Guy Mayraz, a behavioral economist, showed his experimental subjects graphs of a
price rising and falling over time.1)
2. The graphs were actually of past changes in the stock market, but Mayraz told people that the
graphs showed recent changes in the price of wheat.2)
3. He asked each person to predict where the price would move next ― and offered them a reward
if their forecasts came true.3)
4. But Mayraz had also divided his participants into two categories, “farmers” and “bakers”.4)
5. Farmers would be paid extra if wheat prices were high. Bakers would earn a bonus if wheat was
cheap.5)
6. So the subjects might earn two separate payments: one for an accurate forecast, and a bonus if
the price of wheat moved in their direction.6)
7. Mayraz found that the prospect of the bonus influenced the forecast itself.7)
8. The farmers hoped and predicted that the price of wheat would rise. The bakers hoped for ―
and predicted ― the opposite. They let their hopes influence their reasoning.8)
9. When participants were asked to predict the price change of wheat, their wish for where the price
would go, which was determined by the group they belonged to, affected their predictions.9)
- 194 -

In a study, Guy Mayraz, a behavioral economist, [showed / were showed] his experimental
subjects graphs of a price rising and falling over time.

The graphs were actually of past changes in the stock market, but Mayraz told people [that /
what] the graphs showed [recent / recently] changes in the price of wheat.
He asked each person [to predict / predicting] where the price would move next ― and offered
them a reward if their forecasts came true.

But Mayraz had also [been divided / divided] his participants into two [categories / category],
“farmers” and “bakers”.

이었다.5)
Farmers would [have been / be] paid extra if wheat prices were high. Bakers would earn a bonus
if wheat was cheap.

So the subjects might earn two separate payments: one for an [accurately / accurate] forecast,
and a bonus if the price of wheat [moving / moved] in their direction.
- 195 -

Mayraz found [that / what] the prospect of the bonus influenced the forecast [themselves /
itself].
The farmers hoped and predicted [that / what] the price of wheat would rise. The bakers hoped
for ― and predicted ― the opposite. They let their hopes [influenced / influence] their reasoning.

When participants were asked [to predict / predicting] the price change of wheat, their wish for
where the price would go, [that / which] [was / were] determined by the group they belonged
to, affected their predictions.
- 196 -

In a study, Guy Mayraz, a behavioral economist, (experimental / a price / subjects / showed / of
/ graphs / his) (and / falling / over / time / rising).

(past changes / of / the graphs / in / were actually / the stock market), but (told / Mayraz /
showed / wheat / the graphs / recent / of / that / changes / in the price / people).
(predict / asked / to / each / he / person) (the / price / next / move / would / where) ― and
(offered / them / a reward) (came / if / their / forecasts / true).

But (participants / into / two / had also / divided / Mayraz / his / categories), “farmers” and
“bakers”.

이었다.5)
(be / extra / would / farmers / paid) (were / if / prices / high / wheat). (earn / bakers / bonus /
a / would) (was / wheat / if / cheap).
- 197 -

So (separate / two / payments / the subjects / earn / might): (accurate / one / forecast, / for /
a bonus / and / an) (wheat / direction / in / of / their / moved / the price / if).

(that / the / the bonus / itself / prospect / found / of / influenced / Mayraz / the forecast)
(wheat / that / rise / predicted / hoped / of / the price / the farmers / and / would). The
bakers hoped for ― and predicted ― the opposite. (their / let / they / reasoning / influence /
their / hopes)

(change / predict / wheat / were / asked / when / participants / of / the / price / to), (go / the
/ where / price / their / for / would / wish), (which / they / belonged / to / group / by / was /
determined / the), affected their predictions.
- 198 -
(A) So the subjects might earn two separate payments: one for an accurate forecast, and a bonus if
the price of wheat moved in their direction.
(B) Mayraz found that the prospect of the bonus influenced the forecast itself. The farmers hoped
and predicted that the price of wheat would rise. The bakers hoped for ― and predicted ― the
opposite. They let their hopes influence their reasoning.
(C) He asked each person to predict where the price would move next ― and offered them a
reward if their forecasts came true. But Mayraz had also divided his participants into two
categories, “farmers” and “bakers”. Farmers would be paid extra if wheat prices were high.
Bakers would earn a bonus if wheat was cheap.
(D) In a study, Guy Mayraz, a behavioral economist, showed his experimental subjects graphs of a
price rising and falling over time. The graphs were actually of past changes in the stock market,
but Mayraz told people that the graphs showed recent changes in the price of wheat.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 199 -

show, subject, graph, of, a price, rise, fall

In a study, Guy Mayraz, a behavioral economist, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ over time.
2. 그 도표들은 사실 주식 시장에서의 과거 변동들에 관한 것이었으나 Mayraz는 사람들에게 그 도표들

이 밀 가격에서의 최근의 변동들을 보여 준다고 말했다.2)
of, change, tell, that, recent, the price, wheat

______________ ______________ ______________ actually ______________ ______________ ______________ in the
stock market, but Mayraz ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________.
3. 그는 각각의 사람에게 가격이 다음에 어디로 움직일지를 예측하도록 요청했으며, 그들의 예측들이 실
현되면 그들에게 보상을 제공했다.3)
ask, each, predict, move, next, offer, a reward, forecast, true
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ― and ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ if ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
have, divide, into, category

But Mayraz ______________ also ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, “farmers” and “bakers”.
5. 농부들은 밀 가격들이 높으면 추가 보상을 받을 것이었다. 제빵사들은 밀이 저렴하면 보너스를 받을

것이었다.5)
will, pay, extra, high, earn, cheap

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ if ______________ ______________
______________ ______________. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ if
______________ ______________ ______________.
- 200 -
6. 따라서 실험 대상자들은 두 개의 별개의 보상을 받았을지도 모르는데, 즉 하나는 정확한 예측에 대한

보상과 밀의 가격이 자신들의 방향으로 움직이게 될 경우의 보너스였다.6)
might, earn, separate, payment, accurate, forecast

So ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________:
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, and a bonus if ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ in their direction.
find, the prospect, influence

Mayraz ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
다.’ 그들은 자신들의 희망들이 그들의 추론에 영향을 미치게 했다.8)
hope, predict, that, rise, let, reasoning

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. The bakers hoped for ― and
predicted ― the opposite. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________

의 희망은 자신들이 속했던 집단에 의해 정해졌고 이(희망)는 그들의 예측들에 영향을 미쳤다.9)
ask, wish, go, determine, belong

When ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, affected their
predictions.
- 201 -
본문 해석지
41~42번
Stories populate our lives. If you are not a fan of stories, 이야기는 우리의 삶에 거주한다. 만약 여러
you might imagine that the best world is a world without 분이 이야기의 팬이 아니라면, 여러분은 가
them, where we can only see the facts in front of us. 장 좋은 세상이란 그것들이 없는, 우리가 우
리 앞에 있는 사실들만 볼 수 있는 세상이
라고 생각할지도 모른다.
But to do this is to deny how our brains work, how they 그러나 이렇게 하는 것은 우리의 뇌가 어떻
are designed to work. 게 작동하는지, 즉 어떻게 그것들이 작동하
도록 ‘설계되어’ 있는지를 부인하는 것이다.
Evolution has given us minds that are alert to stories and 수십만 년의 자연 선택을 거쳐, 이야기에 주
suggestion because, through many hundreds of thousands 의를 기울일 수 있는 머리가 그들 주인의
유전자를 물려주는 것에 더 성공해 왔기 때
of years of natural selection, minds that can attend to
문에, 진화는 우리에게 이야기와 암시에 주
stories have been more successful at passing on their 의를 기울이는 머리를 주어 왔다.
owners’ genes.
Think about what happens, for example, when animals face 예를 들어 동물들이 싸움에서 서로를 직면
one another in conflict. They rarely plunge into battle right 할 때 무슨 일이 일어나는지 생각해 보아라.
그것들은 좀처럼 즉시 전투에 뛰어들지 않
away.
는다.
No, they first try to signal in all kinds of ways what the 아니, 그것들은 먼저 전투의 ‘결과’가 무엇이
outcome of the battle is going to be. They puff up their 될지 온갖 종류의 방법으로 신호를 보내려
애를 쓴다. 그것들은 가슴을 잔뜩 부풀리고,
chests, they roar, and they bare their fangs.
포효하며, 송곳니를 드러낸다.
Animals evolved to attend to stories and signals because 이야기와 신호가 세상을 항해하는 효율적인
these turn out to be an efficient way to navigate the 방법이 되기 때문에, 동물들은 이것들에 주
의를 기울이도록 진화했다.
world.
If you and I were a pair of lions on the Serengeti, and we 만약 여러분과 내가 세렌게티의 한 쌍의 사
were trying to decide the strongest lion, it would be most 자이고 우리가 가장 강한 사자를 결정하려
unwise — for both of us — to plunge straight into a 한다면, 우리 둘 다 싸움에 곧바로 뛰어드는
것이 가장 어리석은 일일 것이다.
conflict.
- 202 -
It is far better for each of us to make a show of strength, 우리 각자가 힘을 과시하는 것, 즉 어떻게
to tell the story of how our victory is inevitable. 자신의 승리가 불가피한지에 대한 ‘이야기’
를 하는 것이 훨씬 낫다.
그 이야기들 중 하나가 다른 쪽보다 훨씬 더

If one of those stories is much more convincing than the
설득력이 있다면, 우리는 실제로 싸우지 않
other, we might be able to agree on the outcome without 고도 그 결과에 동의할 수 있을지도 모른다.
actually having the fight.
- 203 -
WORKBOOK – Part 1 2021년 고2 11월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 - 41~42번
1. Stories populate our lives. If you are not a fan of stories, you might imagine that the best world
is a world without them, where we can only see the facts in front of us.1)
이야기는 우리의 삶에 ______________. 만약 여러분이 이야기의 팬이 아니라면, 여러분은 가장 좋은 세
상이란 그것들이 없는, 우리가 우리 앞에 있는 사실들만 볼 수 있는 세상이라고 ______________지도 모
른다.
2. But to do this is to deny how our brains work, how they are designed to work.2)
그러나 이렇게 하는 것은 우리의 뇌가 어떻게 ______________는지, 즉 어떻게 그것들이 작동하도록
‘______________어’ 있는지를 ______________는 것이다.
3. Evolution has given us minds that are alert to stories and suggestion because, through many
hundreds of thousands of years of natural selection, minds that can attend to stories have been
more successful at passing on their owners’ genes.3)
수십만 년의 ______________ 을 거쳐, 이야기에 ______________ 수 있는 머리가 그들 주인의 유전자
______________ 는 것에 더 성공해 왔기 때문에, ______________는 우리에게 이야기와 암시에
______________ 머리를 주어 왔다.
4. Think about what happens, for example, when animals face one another in conflict. They rarely
plunge into battle right away.4)
예를 들어 동물들이 ______________에서 서로를 ______________ 때 무슨 일이 일어나는지 생각해 보아라.
그것들은 좀처럼 즉시 전투______________ 지 않는다.
5. No, they first try to signal in all kinds of ways what the outcome of the battle is going to be.
They puff up their chests, they roar, and they bare their fangs.5)
아니, 그것들은 먼저 전투의 ‘결과’가 무엇이 될지 온갖 종류의 방법으로 ______________ 려 애를 쓴다.
그것들은 가슴을 잔뜩 ______________고, ______________며, 송곳니를 ______________.
6. Animals evolved to attend to stories and signals because these turn out to be an efficient way
to navigate the world.6)
이야기와 신호가 세상을 ______________는 효율적인 방법이 되기 때문에, 동물들은 이것들에 주의를 기
울이도록 진화했다.
- 204 -
7. If you and I were a pair of lions on the Serengeti, and we were trying to decide the strongest
lion, it would be most unwise — for both of us — to plunge straight into a conflict.7)
만약 여러분과 내가 세렌게티의 한 쌍의 사자이고 우리가 가장 강한 사자를 결정하려 한다면, 우리
둘 다 싸움에 곧바로 뛰어드는 것이 가장 ______________ 일일 것이다.
8. It is far better for each of us to make a show of strength, to tell the story of how our victory is
inevitable.8)
우리 각자가 힘______________ 는 것, 즉 어떻게 자신의 ______________가 ______________지에 대한 ‘이야
기’를 하는 것이 훨씬 낫다.
9. If one of those stories is much more convincing than the other, we might be able to agree on
the outcome without actually having the fight.9)
그 이야기들 중 하나가 다른 쪽보다 훨씬 더 ______________ 다면, 우리는 실제로 싸우지 않고도 그 결
과______________ 수 있을지도 모른다.
- 205 -
1. 이야기는 우리의 삶에 거주한다. 만약 여러분이 이야기의 팬이 아니라면, 여러분은 가장 좋은 세상이

란 그것들이 없는, 우리가 우리 앞에 있는 사실들만 볼 수 있는 세상이라고 생각할지도 모른다.1)
Stories ______________ our lives. If you are not a fan of stories, you might ______________ that the
best world is a world without them, where we can only see the facts in front of us.
2. 그러나 이렇게 하는 것은 우리의 뇌가 어떻게 작동하는지, 즉 어떻게 그것들이 작동하도록 ‘설계되어’

있는지를 부인하는 것이다.2)
But to do this is to ______________ how our brains ______________, how they are ______________ to
work.
3. 수십만 년의 자연 선택을 거쳐, 이야기에 주의를 기울일 수 있는 머리가 그들 주인의 유전자를 물려

주는 것에 더 성공해 왔기 때문에, 진화는 우리에게 이야기와 암시에 주의를 기울이는 머리를 주어
왔다.3)
______________ has given us minds that are ______________ to stories and suggestion because,
through many hundreds of thousands of years of ______________ ______________, minds that can
______________ to stories have been more successful at ______________ ______________ their owners’
genes.
4. 예를 들어 동물들이 싸움에서 서로를 직면할 때 무슨 일이 일어나는지 생각해 보아라. 그것들은 좀처

럼 즉시 전투에 뛰어들지 않는다.4)
Think about what happens, for example, when animals ______________ one another in ______________.
They rarely ______________ ______________ battle right away.
5. 아니, 그것들은 먼저 전투의 ‘결과’가 무엇이 될지 온갖 종류의 방법으로 신호를 보내려 애를 쓴다. 그
것들은 가슴을 잔뜩 부풀리고, 포효하며, 송곳니를 드러낸다.5)
No, they first try to ______________ in all kinds of ways what the outcome of the battle is going
to be. They ______________ ______________ their chests, they ______________, and they ______________
their fangs.
6. 이야기와 신호가 세상을 항해하는 효율적인 방법이 되기 때문에, 동물들은 이것들에 주의를 기울이도
록 진화했다.6)
Animals evolved to attend to stories and signals because these turn out to be an efficient way
to ______________ the world.
- 206 -
7. 만약 여러분과 내가 세렌게티의 한 쌍의 사자이고 우리가 가장 강한 사자를 결정하려 한다면, 우리

둘 다 싸움에 곧바로 뛰어드는 것이 가장 어리석은 일일 것이다.7)
If you and I were a pair of lions on the Serengeti, and we were trying to decide the strongest
lion, it would be most ______________ — for both of us — to plunge straight into a conflict.
8. 우리 각자가 힘을 과시하는 것, 즉 어떻게 자신의 승리가 불가피한지에 대한 ‘이야기’를 하는 것이 훨

씬 낫다.8)
It is far better for each of us to ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ strength,
to tell the story of how our ______________ is ______________.
9. 그 이야기들 중 하나가 다른 쪽보다 훨씬 더 설득력이 있다면, 우리는 실제로 싸우지 않고도 그 결과

에 동의할 수 있을지도 모른다.9)
If one of those stories is much more ______________ than the other, we might be able to
______________ ______________ the outcome without actually having the fight.
- 207 -
1. Stories populate our lives. If you are not a fan of stories, you might imagine that the best world
is a world without them, where we can only see the facts in front of us.1)
2. But to do this is to deny how our brains work, how they are designed to work.2)
3. Evolution has given us minds that are alert to stories and suggestion because, through many
hundreds of thousands of years of natural selection, minds that can attend to stories have been
more successful at passing on their owners’ genes.3)
4. Think about what happens, for example, when animals face one another in conflict. They rarely
plunge into battle right away.4)
5. No, they first try to signal in all kinds of ways what the outcome of the battle is going to be.
They puff up their chests, they roar, and they bare their fangs.5)
6. Animals evolved to attend to stories and signals because these turn out to be an efficient way
to navigate the world.6)
7. If you and I were a pair of lions on the Serengeti, and we were trying to decide the strongest
lion, it would be most unwise — for both of us — to plunge straight into a conflict.7)
8. It is far better for each of us to make a show of strength, to tell the story of how our victory is
inevitable.8)
9. If one of those stories is much more convincing than the other, we might be able to agree on
the outcome without actually having the fight.9)
- 208 -

Stories populate our lives. If you are not a fan of stories, you might imagine [what / that] the
best world is a world without them, [which / where] we can only see the facts in front of us.

But [to do / do] this is to deny how our brains work, how [they are / are they] designed to
work.

왔다.3)
Evolution has [given / been given] us minds [what / that] [is / are] alert to stories and
suggestion [because / because of], through many hundreds of thousands of years of natural
selection, minds [what / that] can attend to stories [have been / have] more successful at
passing on their owners’ genes.

[Think / To think] about [what / that] happens, for example, when animals face one another in
conflict. They rarely plunge into battle right away.
No, they first try to signal in all kinds of ways [that / what] the outcome of the battle is going
to be. They puff up their chests, they roar, and they bare their fangs.
록 진화했다.6)
Animals evolved to attend to stories and signals because these turn out [being / to be] an
efficient way to navigate the world.
- 209 -

If you and I were a pair of lions on the Serengeti, and we were trying to decide the strongest
lion, it would [be / have been] most unwise — for both of us — to plunge straight into a conflict.

씬 낫다.8)
[It / That] is far better [of / for] each of us to make a show of strength, to tell the story of how
our victory is inevitable.

If one of those stories [is / are] much more convincing than [other / the other], we might be
able to agree on the outcome without actually having the fight.
- 210 -

(stories / our / populate / lives). (of / are / a fan / not / if / stories / you), (might / without /
the / a world / best / you / is / that / them / world / imagine), (the facts / front / us / we /
where / can / of / only see / in)

But (deny / this / is / do / to / to) (how / work / brains / our), (designed / to / are / they /
how / work).

왔다.3)
(given / minds / has / evolution / us) (that / to / suggestion / are / stories / and / alert)
because, through many hundreds of thousands of years of natural selection, (more / successful /
to / can / that / attend / stories / minds / been / have) (genes / on / owners’ / passing / at /
their).

(think / happens / what / about), for example, (another / animals / when / one / face / in /
conflict). (into / they / rarely plunge / battle) right away.
No, (they / to / signal / first try) in all kinds of ways (what / outcome / is / be / of / to /
going / the / battle / the). They puff up their chests, they roar, and they bare their fangs.
- 211 -
록 진화했다.6)
(evolved / stories / signals / attend / to / to / animals / and) (way / navigate / to / efficient /
the / out / to / an / turn / world / be / these / because)

(you / were / of / and / a pair / I / if / lions) on the Serengeti, and (we / lion / decide / to /
strongest / were / trying / the), (be / it / unwise / most / would) — for both of us — (straight
into / plunge / a / conflict / to).

씬 낫다.8)
(to / make / strength / far / better / of / each / it / us / for / show / a / is / of), (tell / to /
story / inevitable / our / the / how / is / victory / of)

(more / if / is / much / than / one / of / stories / convincing / other / the / those), (the
outcome / to / on / we / agree / might / able / be) without actually having the fight.
- 212 -
(A) Stories populate our lives. If you are not a fan of stories, you might imagine that the best
world is a world without them, where we can only see the facts in front of us.
(B) Think about what happens, for example, when animals face one another in conflict. They rarely
plunge into battle right away. No, they first try to signal in all kinds of ways what the outcome
of the battle is going to be. They puff up their chests, they roar, and they bare their fangs.
Animals evolved to attend to stories and signals because these turn out to be an efficient way
to navigate the world.
(C) But to do this is to deny how our brains work, how they are designed to work. Evolution has
given us minds that are alert to stories and suggestion because, through many hundreds of
thousands of years of natural selection, minds that can attend to stories have been more
successful at passing on their owners’ genes.
(D) If you and I were a pair of lions on the Serengeti, and we were trying to decide the strongest
lion, it would be most unwise — for both of us — to plunge straight into a conflict. It is far
better for each of us to make a show of strength, to tell the story of how our victory is
inevitable. If one of those stories is much more convincing than the other, we might be able to
agree on the outcome without actually having the fight.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 213 -
1. 이야기는 우리의 삶에 거주한다. 만약 여러분이 이야기들의 팬이 아니라면, 여러분은 가장 좋은 세상

이란 그것들이 없는, 우리가 우리 앞에 있는 사실들만 볼 수 있는 세상이라고 생각할지도 모른다.1)
might, imagine, that, without, where, see, front

Stories populate our lives. If ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ we can only ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________.
2. 그러나 이렇게 하는 것은 우리의 뇌들이 어떻게 작동하는지, 즉 어떻게 그것들이 작동하도록 ‘설계되
어’ 있는지를 부인하는 것이다.2)
deny, work, design

But to do this ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
3. 수십만 년의 자연 선택을 거쳐, 이야기에 주의를 기울일 수 있는 머리가 그들 주인들의 유전자들을

물려주는 것에 더 성공해 왔기 때문에, 진화는 우리에게 이야기들과 암시에 주의를 기울이는 머리를
주어 왔다.3)
give, mind, that, alert, attend, successful, at, pass, gene

Evolution ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ because, through many hundreds of
thousands of years of natural selection, minds ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

think, about, happen, face, another, conflict, plunge, battle
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, for example, when ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. They rarely ______________ ______________
______________ right away.
- 214 -
것들은 가슴을 잔뜩 부풀리고, 포효하며, 그들의 송곳니들을 드러낸다.5)
try, signal, the outcome, going, puff, roar, bare, fang

No, they first ______________ ______________ ______________ in all kinds of ways ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________
______________, and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
6. 이것들이 세상을 항해하는 효율적인 방법이 되기 때문에, 동물들은 이야기들과 신호들에 주의를 기울
이도록 진화했다.6)
evolve, attend, turn, efficient, way, navigate

Animals ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
because ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

try, decide, strong, it, unwise

If ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ on the Serengeti, and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ — for both of us — to plunge straight into a conflict.
8. 우리 각자가 힘을 과시하는 것, 즉 어떻게 우리의 승리가 불가피한지에 대한 ‘이야기’를 하는 것이 훨

씬 낫다.8)
far, each, make, a show, strength, victory, inevitable

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, to
tell the story of ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

much, convincing, might, able, agree, the outcome

If ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ without actually
having the fight.
- 215 -
본문 해석지
43~45번
Jennifer was on her way home. She decided to stop at a Jennifer는 집으로 가던 중이었다. 그녀는 커
gas station to get coffee. 피를 사기 위해 주유소에 들르기로 결정했다.
After she paid for her coffee, she got back into her car, 그녀가 자신의 커피값을 지불한 후에 그녀
but before she started it, she noticed a woman standing 는 자신의 차로 돌아 왔는데 그녀가 차의
시동을 걸기 전에 그녀는 건물 앞 바깥에서
outside in front of the building.
서 있는 한 여자를 알아챘다.
She could tell that the woman was homeless by her 그녀(Jennifer)는 여자의 겉모습으로 보아 그
appearance. Her clothes were worn and she was nothing 녀가 노숙자였음을 알 수 있었다. 그녀의 옷
은 닳았고 그녀는 거죽과 뼈만 남아 있었다.
but skin and bones.
She must have not had enough money to get something ‘그녀가 먹을 것을 사기 위한 충분한 돈을
to eat. Jennifer thought to herself, feeling pity for her. 가지고 있지 않았음이 틀림없어.’ Jennifer는
그녀에게 동정심을 느끼며 혼자 생각했다.
Suddenly, a dog walked up to the front of the building. 갑자기 한 마리 개가 건물 앞으로 걸어갔다.
Being a dog lover, Jennifer noticed that the dog was a 개를 사랑하는 사람이어서 Jennifer는 그 개
가 저먼 셰퍼드라는 것을 알아챘다.
German Shepherd.
She could also tell that the dog was a mother, because 그녀는 또한 그 개가 어미라는 것을 알 수
anyone could notice that she had been feeding puppies. 있었는데, 왜냐하면 누구나 그녀가 강아지들
에게 젖을 먹여 왔음을 알아차릴 수 있었기
때문이었다.
The dog was terribly in need of something to eat and she 그 개는 먹을 것을 너무나 필요로 하고 있
felt so bad for her. She knew if the dog didn’t eat soon, 었고 그녀(Jennifer)는 그녀에게 너무나 안쓰
러움을 느꼈다. 그녀는 만약 그 개가 곧 먹
she and her puppies would not make it.
지 않는다면, 그녀와 그녀의 강아지들이 살
아남을 수 없을지도 모른다는 것을 알았다.
- 216 -
Jennifer sat in her car, looking at the dog. She noticed Jennifer는 자신의 차에 앉아서 개를 쳐다보
that people were walking by without paying attention to 았다. 그녀는 사람들이 개에게 관심을 보이
지 않고 지나가는 것을 알아챘다. 그러나 그
the dog. But she still did not do anything.
럼에도 그녀(Jennifer)는 어떤 것도 하지 않
았다.
However, someone did. The homeless woman, who 하지만 누군가는 했다. Jennifer가 생각하기
Jennifer thought did not have money to buy herself 에 스스로에게 어떤 먹을 것도 사줄 돈이
없었던 노숙자 여자가 가게에 들어갔다.
anything to eat, went into the store.
And what she did brought tears to Jennifer’s eyes. She 그리고 그녀가 했던 것이 Jennifer가 눈물을
had gone into the store, bought a can of dog food, and 흘리게 했다. 그녀는 가게에 들어가서 개의
먹이 한 캔을 샀고 그 개에게 먹였다. 그녀
fed that dog. She looked so happy to do it as well.
(the homeless woman)는 또한 그것을 하면
서 매우 행복해 보였다.
Watching the scene changed Jennifer’s life entirely. You 그 장면을 본 것이 Jennifer의 삶을 완전히
see, that day was Mother’s Day. 바꾸었다. 실은 그날은 어머니날이었다.
It took a homeless woman to show her what selfless 그녀(Jennifer)에게 이타적인 베풂과 사랑이
giving and love is. 무엇인지를 보여 주기에 한 명의 노숙자 여
자가 필요했다.
From that day on, Jennifer has helped people in trouble, 그날 이후로 Jennifer는 곤경에 처한 사람들,
especially mothers struggling to raise children. The 특히 아이들을 키우기 위해 애쓰는 엄마들
을 도와오고 있다. 노숙자 여자가 Jennifer를
homeless woman made Jennifer a better person.
더 나은 사람으로 만들었다.
- 217 -
1. Jennifer was on her way home. She decided to stop at a gas station to get coffee.1)
Jennifer는 집으로 가던 중이었다. 그녀는 커피를 사기 위해 ______________에 들르기로 결정했다.
2. After she paid for her coffee, she got back into her car, but before she started it, she noticed a
woman standing outside in front of the building.2)
그녀가 자신의 커피값을 지불한 후에 그녀는 자신의 차로 돌아 왔는데 그녀가 차의 시동을 걸기 전
에 그녀는 건물 앞 바깥에서 서 있는 한 여자를 ______________.
3. She could tell that the woman was homeless by her appearance. Her clothes were worn and she
was nothing but skin and bones.3)
그녀(Jennifer)는 여자의 겉모습으로 보아 그녀가 ______________였음을 알 수 있었다. 그녀의 옷은 닳았
고 그녀는 거죽과 뼈만 남아 있었다.
4. She must have not had enough money to get something to eat. Jennifer thought to herself,
feeling pity for her.4)
‘그녀가 먹을 것을 사기 위한 충분한 돈을 가지고 있지 않았음이 틀림없어.’ Jennifer는 그녀에게
______________을 느끼며 혼자 생각했다.
5. Suddenly, a dog walked up to the front of the building. Being a dog lover, Jennifer noticed that
the dog was a German Shepherd.5)
갑자기 한 마리 개가 건물 앞______________ . 개를 사랑하는 사람이어서 Jennifer는 그 개가 저먼 셰퍼
드라는 것을 알아챘다.
6. She could also tell that the dog was a mother, because anyone could notice that she had been
feeding puppies.6)
그녀는 또한 그 개가 어미라는 것을 알 수 있었는데, 왜냐하면 누구나 그녀가 강아지들에게
______________ 왔음을 알아차릴 수 있었기 때문이었다.
7. The dog was terribly in need of something to eat and she felt so bad for her. She knew if the
dog didn’t eat soon, she and her puppies would not make it.7)
그 개는 먹을 것을 ______________ 필요로 하고 있었고 그녀(Jennifer)는 그녀에게 너무나 안쓰러움을
느꼈다. 그녀는 만약 그 개가 곧 먹지 않는다면, 그녀와 그녀의 강아지들이 ______________을 수 없을지
도 모른다는 것을 알았다.
- 218 -
8. Jennifer sat in her car, looking at the dog. She noticed that people were walking by without
paying attention to the dog. But she still did not do anything.8)
Jennifer는 자신의 차에 앉아서 개를 쳐다보았다. 그녀는 사람들이 개______________ 지 않고 지나가는
것을 알아챘다. 그러나 그럼에도 그녀(Jennifer)는 어떤 것도 하지 않았다.
9. However, someone did. The homeless woman, who Jennifer thought did not have money to buy
herself anything to eat, went into the store.9)
______________ 누군가는 했다. Jennifer가 생각하기에 스스로에게 어떤 먹을 것도 사줄 돈이 없었던 노
숙자 여자가 가게에 들어갔다.
10. And what she did brought tears to Jennifer’s eyes. She had gone into the store, bought a can
of dog food, and fed that dog. She looked so happy to do it as well.10)
그리고 그녀가 했던 것이 ______________. 그녀는 가게에 들어가서 개의 먹이 한 캔을 샀고 그 개에게
먹였다. 그녀(the homeless woman)는 ______________ 그것을 하면서 매우 행복해 보였다.
11. Watching the scene changed Jennifer’s life entirely. You see, that day was Mother’s Day.11)
그 ______________을 본 것이 Jennifer의 삶을 ______________ 바꾸었다. 실은 그날은 어머니날이었다.
12. It took a homeless woman to show her what selfless giving and love is.12)
그녀(Jennifer)에게 ______________ 베풂과 사랑이 무엇인지를 보여 주기에 한 명의 노숙자 여자가 필
요했다.
13. From that day on, Jennifer has helped people in trouble, especially mothers struggling to raise
children. The homeless woman made Jennifer a better person.13)
그날 이후로 Jennifer는 ______________ 사람들, 특히 아이들을 키우기 위해 ______________는 엄마들을
도와오고 있다. 노숙자 여자가 Jennifer를 더 나은 사람으로 만들었다.
- 219 -
1. Jennifer는 집으로 가던 중이었다. 그녀는 커피를 사기 위해 주유소에 들르기로 결정했다.1)

Jennifer was on her way home. She decided to stop at a ______________ ______________ to get
coffee.
2. 그녀가 자신의 커피값을 지불한 후에 그녀는 자신의 차로 돌아 왔는데 그녀가 차의 시동을 걸기 전

에 그녀는 건물 앞 바깥에서 서 있는 한 여자를 알아챘다.2)
After she paid for her coffee, she got back into her car, but before she started it, she
______________ a woman standing outside in front of the building.
3. 그녀(Jennifer)는 여자의 겉모습으로 보아 그녀가 노숙자였음을 알 수 있었다. 그녀의 옷은 닳았고 그

녀는 거죽과 뼈만 남아 있었다.3)
She could tell that the woman was ______________ by her appearance. Her clothes were worn and
she was nothing but skin and bones.
4. ‘그녀가 먹을 것을 사기 위한 충분한 돈을 가지고 있지 않았음이 틀림없어.’ Jennifer는 그녀에게 동정

심을 느끼며 혼자 생각했다.4)
She must have not had enough money to get something to eat. Jennifer thought to herself,
feeling ______________ for her.
5. 갑자기 한 마리 개가 건물 앞으로 걸어갔다. 개를 사랑하는 사람이어서 Jennifer는 그 개가 저먼 셰퍼

드라는 것을 알아챘다.5)
Suddenly, a dog ______________ ______________ ______________ the front of the building. Being a dog
lover, Jennifer noticed that the dog was a German Shepherd.
6. 그녀는 또한 그 개가 어미라는 것을 알 수 있었는데, 왜냐하면 누구나 그녀가 강아지들에게 젖을 먹

여 왔음을 알아차릴 수 있었기 때문이었다.6)
She could also tell that the dog was a mother, because anyone could notice that she had been
______________ puppies.
7. 그 개는 먹을 것을 너무나 필요로 하고 있었고 그녀(Jennifer)는 그녀에게 너무나 안쓰러움을 느꼈다.

그녀는 만약 그 개가 곧 먹지 않는다면, 그녀와 그녀의 강아지들이 살아남을 수 없을지도 모른다는
것을 알았다.7)
The dog was ______________ in need of something to eat and she felt so bad for her. She knew if
the dog didn’t eat soon, she and her puppies would not ______________ ______________.
- 220 -
8. Jennifer는 자신의 차에 앉아서 개를 쳐다보았다. 그녀는 사람들이 개에게 관심을 보이지 않고 지나가
는 것을 알아챘다. 그러나 그럼에도 그녀(Jennifer)는 어떤 것도 하지 않았다.8)
Jennifer sat in her car, looking at the dog. She noticed that people were walking by without
______________ ______________ ______________ the dog. But she still did not do anything.
9. 하지만 누군가는 했다. Jennifer가 생각하기에 스스로에게 어떤 먹을 것도 사줄 돈이 없었던 노숙자

여자가 가게에 들어갔다.9)
______________, someone did. The homeless woman, who Jennifer thought did not have money to
buy herself anything to eat, went into the store.
10. 그리고 그녀가 했던 것이 Jennifer가 눈물을 흘리게 했다. 그녀는 가게에 들어가서 개의 먹이 한 캔을
샀고 그 개에게 먹였다. 그녀(the homeless woman)는 또한 그것을 하면서 매우 행복해 보였다.10)
And what she did ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. She had
gone into the store, bought a can of dog food, and fed that dog. She looked so happy to do
it ______________ ______________.
11. 그 장면을 본 것이 Jennifer의 삶을 완전히 바꾸었다. 실은 그날은 어머니날이었다.11)

Watching the ______________ changed Jennifer’s life ______________. You see, that day was Mother’s
Day.
12. 그녀(Jennifer)에게 이타적인 베풂과 사랑이 무엇인지를 보여 주기에 한 명의 노숙자 여자가 필요했
다.12)
It took a homeless woman to show her what ______________ giving and love is.
13. 그날 이후로 Jennifer는 곤경에 처한 사람들, 특히 아이들을 키우기 위해 애쓰는 엄마들을 도와오고
있다. 노숙자 여자가 Jennifer를 더 나은 사람으로 만들었다.13)
From that day on, Jennifer has helped people ______________ ______________, especially mothers
______________ to raise children. The homeless woman made Jennifer a better person.
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1. Jennifer was on her way home. She decided to stop at a gas station to get coffee.1)
2. After she paid for her coffee, she got back into her car, but before she started it, she noticed a
woman standing outside in front of the building.2)
3. She could tell that the woman was homeless by her appearance. Her clothes were worn and she
was nothing but skin and bones.3)
4. She must have not had enough money to get something to eat. Jennifer thought to herself,
feeling pity for her.4)
5. Suddenly, a dog walked up to the front of the building. Being a dog lover, Jennifer noticed that
the dog was a German Shepherd.5)
6. She could also tell that the dog was a mother, because anyone could notice that she had been
feeding puppies.6)
7. The dog was terribly in need of something to eat and she felt so bad for her. She knew if the
dog didn’t eat soon, she and her puppies would not make it.7)
8. Jennifer sat in her car, looking at the dog. She noticed that people were walking by without
paying attention to the dog. But she still did not do anything.8)
- 222 -
9. However, someone did. The homeless woman, who Jennifer thought did not have money to buy
herself anything to eat, went into the store.9)
10. And what she did brought tears to Jennifer’s eyes. She had gone into the store, bought a can
of dog food, and fed that dog. She looked so happy to do it as well.10)
11. Watching the scene changed Jennifer’s life entirely. You see, that day was Mother’s Day.11)
12. It took a homeless woman to show her what selfless giving and love is.12)
13. From that day on, Jennifer has helped people in trouble, especially mothers struggling to raise
children. The homeless woman made Jennifer a better person.13)
- 223 -

Jennifer was on her way home. She decided [to stop / stopping] at a gas station to get coffee.

After she [was paid / paid] for her coffee, she [got / had got] back into her car, but before she
started it, she noticed a woman standing outside in front of the building.

She could tell [what / that] the woman was homeless by her appearance. Her clothes were worn
and she was nothing but skin and bones.

She must have not [have / had] enough money to get something to eat. Jennifer thought to
herself, [felt / feeling] pity for her.

Suddenly, a dog walked up to the front of the building. [Been / Being] a dog lover, Jennifer
noticed [that / what] the dog was a German Shepherd.

She could also tell that the dog was a mother, [because of / because] anyone could notice that
she had been [fed / feeding] puppies.
- 224 -

것을 알았다.7)
The dog was terribly in need of something to eat and she felt so [bad / badly] for her. She
knew if the dog didn’t eat soon, she and her puppies would not make it.
Jennifer sat in her car, [looking / looked] at the dog. She noticed that people were [walking /
walked] by without paying attention to the dog. But she still did not do anything.

However, someone [were / did]. The homeless woman, [whose / who] Jennifer thought did not
have money to buy herself anything to eat, went into the store.
And [that / what] she did brought tears to Jennifer’s eyes. She [has / had] gone into the store,
bought a can of dog food, and fed that dog. She looked so [happy / happily] to do it as well.

[Watch / Watching] the scene changed Jennifer’s life entirely. You see, that day was Mother’s
Day.
12. 그녀(Jennifer)에게 이타적인 베풂과 사랑이 무엇인지를 보여 주기에 한 명의 노숙자 여자가 필요했다.12)
[That / It] took a homeless woman to show her [that / what] selfless giving and love is.
From that day on, Jennifer [has / was] helped people in trouble, especially mothers [struggling /
struggled] [to raise / raising] children. The homeless woman made Jennifer a better person.
- 225 -

(home / was / Jennifer / her / way / on). (at / to / she / stop / decided / a gas station) to get
coffee.

(her / she / after / paid / for / coffee), (got / car / into / her / back / she), but (she / before /
it / started), (standing / she / outside / a woman / noticed) in front of the building.

(could / homeless / the woman / was / tell / that / she) by her appearance. (were / worn / her
/ clothes) and (she / was / and / nothing / bones / but / skin).

(had / must / she / enough money / not / have) (to / something / to / eat / get). (to /
Jennifer / herself / thought), (feeling / pity / for / her)

Suddenly, (to / a dog / the front / of / up / the building / walked). (lover / a / being / dog),
(noticed / was / Jennifer / the dog / a German Shepherd / that).
- 226 -

(tell / the dog / that / could also / a mother / she / was), (because / puppies / she / been /
anyone / that / had / could / feeding / notice)

것을 알았다.7)
(was terribly / need / to / eat / something / the dog / of / in) and (so / her / felt / she / bad
/ for). (eat / the dog / didn’t / knew / she / if) soon, (it / puppies / and / would / make / not
/ she / her).
Jennifer sat in her car, looking at the dog. (by / walking / people / were / she / noticed / that)
(dog / without / attention / the / paying / to). But she still did not do anything.

However, someone did. The homeless woman, (Jennifer / did / thought / money / not / who /
have) (to / to / anything / eat / herself / buy), went into the store.
And (eyes / she / brought / did / Jennifer’s / to / tears / what). (store / into / gone / the /
she / had), (of / a can / bought / dog food), and fed that dog. (it / do / she / happy / to /
looked / so) as well.
- 227 -

(changed / Jennifer’s / the / watching / life / scene) entirely. You see, that day was Mother’s
Day.
(woman / show / took / her / it / homeless / to / a) (and / what / is / selfless / love / giving)
From that day on, (jennifer / trouble / in / helped / people / has), especially (struggling / to /
raise / children / mothers). (Jennifer / better / the / a / woman / made / person / homeless)
- 228 -
(A) She must have not had enough money to get something to eat. Jennifer thought to herself,
feeling pity for her. Suddenly, a dog walked up to the front of the building. Being a dog lover,
Jennifer noticed that the dog was a German Shepherd. She could also tell that the dog was a
mother, because anyone could notice that she had been feeding puppies.
(B) Jennifer was on her way home. She decided to stop at a gas station to get coffee. After she
paid for her coffee, she got back into her car, but before she started it, she noticed a woman
standing outside in front of the building. She could tell that the woman was homeless by her
appearance. Her clothes were worn and she was nothing but skin and bones.
(C) However, someone did. The homeless woman, who Jennifer thought did not have money to buy
herself anything to eat, went into the store. And what she did brought tears to Jennifer’s eyes.
She had gone into the store, bought a can of dog food, and fed that dog. She looked so
happy to do it as well.
(D) Watching the scene changed Jennifer’s life entirely. You see, that day was Mother’s Day. It took
a homeless woman to show her what selfless giving and love is. From that day on, Jennifer has
helped people in trouble, especially mothers struggling to raise children. The homeless woman
made Jennifer a better person.
(E) The dog was terribly in need of something to eat and she felt so bad for her. She knew if the
dog didn’t eat soon, she and her puppies would not make it. Jennifer sat in her car, looking at
the dog. She noticed that people were walking by without paying attention to the dog. But she
still did not do anything.
___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________ → ___________
- 229 -
decide, stop, at, a gas station, get

Jennifer was on her way home. She ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

pay, get, into, notice, stand

After ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, but before she started it, ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ in front of the building.

tell, that, homeless, appearance, worn, nothing, but, skin

She ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ and
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.

must, have, get, something, think, pity

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ enough money ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. Jennifer ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 230 -

walk, up, notice, that

Suddenly, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________. ______________ a dog lover, Jennifer ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ a German Shepherd.

tell, that, anyone, notice, have, feed, puppy

She could also ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________, because ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________.

것을 알았다.7)
in, need, something, feel, bad, will, make

The dog was terribly ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
and ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. She knew if
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ soon, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
look, walk, by, without, pay, attention, anything

Jennifer sat in her car, ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. She noticed that
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________. But she still ______________ ______________ ______________
______________.
- 231 -

someone, who, think, buy, anything

However, ______________ ______________. The homeless woman, ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________, went into the store.
bring, tears, have, go, into, dog food, happy

And ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________, and ______________
______________ ______________. ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ as well.
watch, the scene, change

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ entirely. You see,
that day was Mother’s Day.
it, take, show, selfless, giving

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________
help, trouble, struggle, raise, make

From that day on, Jennifer ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________,
especially mothers ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________. ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________.
- 232 -
Answer Key 8단계 WORKBOOK
정답 18번
2021년 고2 11월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
8단계 WORKBOOK 정답 1) takes
2) available / is
3) that / planning
본 자료는 이그잼포유에서 제작하였습니다. 저작권법에 의하
여 무단전재나 무단복제 및 전송을 금하며, 도서로의 모든 출 4) impossible / for
판권과 파일 전송권은 이그잼포유에 있습니다. 본 콘텐츠의 5) it / safe
레이아웃 및 편집에 대한 저작권 침해 행위 또한 금지하고 6) such a
있습니다. 7) to listen
18번 18번
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)
1) 통학하 1) I am a parent of a high school student who takes the
2) 이용할 수 있는 / 대중교통 145 bus to commute to Clarkson High School.
3) 의회 / 중단하 2) This is the only public transport available from our area
4) 에 태워다주 / 불가능하게 / is used by many students
5) 교통량 / 생각하 3) I heard that the city council is planning to discontinue
6) 곤경 / 거주자 / 받아들이기 어렵 this service
7) 지역 사회 / 우려 / 촉구하 4) My husband and I start work early / this makes it
impossible for us to drop our son off at school
18번 5) It would take him nearly an hour to walk to school /
Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) there is a lot of traffic in the morning / I do not

consider it safe to bike
1) commute
6) This matter will place many families / under a lot of
2) public transport / available
stress / As a resident of Sunnyville / I think such a plan
3) council / discontinue
is unacceptable
4) impossible / drop / off at
7) I urge the council to listen to the concerns of the
5) traffic / consider
community.
6) stress / resident / unacceptable
7) urge / concerns / community
18번
18번
1) (C) - (A) - (B)
1) 관계자분께,
저는 Clarkson 고등학교로 통학하기 위해 145번 버스를 타 18번
는 고등학생의 부모입니다. Part 7. 영작 연습
2) 이것은 우리 지역에서 이용할 수 있는 유일한 대중교통이 1) I am a parent of a high school student who takes / to
며 많은 학생들에 의해 이용됩니다. commute to
3) 최근 저는 시 의회가 이 서비스를 중단하는 것을 계획하고 2) This is the only public transport available / is used by
있다고 들었습니다. many students
4) 제 남편과 저는 아침 일찍 일을 시작하며 이 점이 저희가 3) I heard that the city council is planning to discontinue
아들을 학교에 태워다주는 것을 불가능하게 합니다. this service
5) 제 아들이 학교에 걸어가는 데는 거의 한 시간이 걸릴 것 4) My husband and I start work / this makes it impossible
이며 아침에는 교통량이 많아서 저는 자전거를 타는 것이 for us to drop our son off at school
안전하다고 생각하지 않습니다. 5) It would take him / to walk to school / there is a lot of
6) 이런 문제점은 저희를 포함한 많은 가족들을 엄청난 곤경 traffic / I do not consider it safe to bike
에 처하게 할 것입니다. Sunnyville의 거주자로서 저는 그 6) This matter will place many families / under a lot of
러한 계획을 받아들이기 어렵다고 생각합니다. stress As a resident of / I think such a plan is
7) 저는 의회가 지역 사회의 우려를 경청할 것을 촉구하는 바 unacceptable
입니다. 7) I urge the council to listen to the concerns of the
Lucy Jackson 드림 community.
- 233 -
19번 19번
1) 인사과 / 기대감에 차 / 밝게 웃으 1) Ted was called to the vice president of human resources
2) 경력 / 전환점을 찍 / beaming in anticipation
3) 승진 2) Today was the big day / this meeting would mark a
4) 예상했 / 깨달았다 / 하얘졌다 turning point in his career
5) 간절히 / 적합하 3) Ted felt sure that it was for his promotion / that the
6) 얼어붙은 / 당황하 vice president would make him the marketing manager
7) 문장 / 계속해서 / 되풀이하 4) there is no easy way to say this / Ted suddenly realized
this meeting wasn’t going to be as he expected. / Ted’s
mind went blank.
19번
5) I know you’ve desperately wanted this promotion / we
decided Mike is more suitable
1) human resources / beaming / in anticipation
6) as if he had been hit by a truck
2) mark a turning point / career
7) All he was able to do / was repeat that sentence over
3) promotion
and over
4) realized / expected / went blank
5) desperately / suitable
19번
6) frozen / panic
7) repeat / sentence / over and over
1) (A) - (C) - (B) - (D)
19번
19번
1) 어느 금요일 오후 Ted는 인사과의 부사장에게 호출되었다.
1) was called to the vice president of human resources /
Ted는 기대감에 차 밝게 웃으며 앉았다.
beaming in anticipation
2) 오늘은 중요한 날이었으며 이 만남은 그의 경력에 있어 전
2) this meeting would mark a turning point in his career
환점을 찍게 될 것이었다!
3) felt sure that it was for his promotion / that the vice
3) Ted는 이것이 자신의 승진을 위한 자리이며 부사장이 자신
president would make him
을 마케팅 매니저로 만들어줄 것이라고 확신했다.
4) there is no easy way to say this / this meeting wasn’t
4) “Ted, 이런 말을 하기가 쉽지는 않네요.” Ted는 돌연 이 만
going to be / he expected / went blank
남이 자신이 예상했던 대로 되지는 않을 것임을 깨달았다.
5) I know / wanted this promotion / we decided Mike is
Ted의 머릿속이 하얘졌다.
more suitable
5) 부사장은 계속해서 말을 이어 나갔다. “Ted, 당신이 이번
6) he had been hit by a truck
승진을 간절히 원해 왔다는 것을 알고 있지만, 우리는
Mike가 더 적합하다고 결정했습니다.” 7) All he was able to do was repeat that sentence / to
himself
6) Ted는 얼어붙은 채 그저 그곳에 앉아 있었다. 그는 마치
트럭에 치인 것 같은 기분이었다. ‘당황하지 말자.’
7) 그가 할 수 있었던 전부라고는 그 문장을 계속해서 자신에 20번
게 되풀이하는 것뿐이었다. Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
1) 운항할 / 발표했 / 경제성이 없는
19번 2) 노선 / 판매
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 3) 제공되
1) was called 4) 부족한 / 수요
2) would 5) 설득하 / 원리 / 효과적으로
3) that 6) 단지 / 으로부터 얻을 / 강조할 / 유일함 / 을 놓치 / 강조해
4) expected 7) 한정적 / 가치 있 / 을 명심해
5) wanted / suitable
6) had been 20번
7) was Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문)
1) made an announcement / operate / uneconomical
2) sales / route
3) offered
- 234 -
4) scarce / demand product / but also point out its uniqueness and what
5) persuading / principle / effectively they will miss out on
6) merely / point out / derive from / point out / 7) you should keep in mind that / the more limited
uniqueness / miss out on something is / the more desirable it becomes
7) keep in mind / limited / desirable
20번
20번 Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
Part 3. 해석 연습 1) (B) - (A) - (C)
1) 2003년에 영국 항공은 자신들이 더 이상 런던에서 뉴욕까
지 가는 콩코드 항공편을 하루에 두 번 운항할 수 없을 것 20번
이라고 발표했는데 왜냐하면 그것이 경제성이 없는 것으로 Part 7. 영작 연습
드러나기 시작하고 있었기 때문이었다.
1) made an announcement that they would / be able to
2) 그런데 바로 다음날 이 노선의 항공편 판매가 증가했다. operate / it was starting to prove uneconomical
3) 노선이나 항공사에 의해 제공되는 서비스에 있어서 달라진 2) the sales for the flight on this route increased
것은 아무것도 없었다.
3) There was nothing that changed about the route or the
4) 단지 그것이 부족한 자원이 되었기 때문에 그것에 대한 수 service offered by the airlines.
요가 증가했다.
4) it became a scarce resource, the demand for it increased
5) 만약에 여러분이 사람들을 설득하는 데에 관심이 있다면,
5) you are interested in persuading people / the principle
희소성의 원리가 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.
of scarcity can be / used
6) 만약 여러분이 특정 상품의 판매를 증가시키려 노력하는
6) trying to increase the sales of a certain product / point
판매원이라면, 여러분은 단지 고객이 언급된 상품으로부터
out the benefits the customer can derive from the said
얻을 수 있는 혜택을 강조할 뿐만이 아니라 그것의 유일함
product / also point out its uniqueness / what they will
과 만약에 그들이 그 상품을 빨리 구매하지 않는다면 그들
miss out on / they don’t purchase the product
이 무엇을 놓치게 될 것인지를 또한 강조해야만 한다.
7) you should keep in mind that the more limited
7) 판매에 있어 여러분은 무언가가 더 한정적일수록 그것이
something is, the more desirable it becomes
더 가치 있게 된다는 것을 명심해야 한다.
21번
20번
1) 집중하 / 위협 / 불규칙적으로
1) that / because / uneconomical
2) 규칙성 / 확인함 / 여과하
2) increased
3) 해결책 / 엄격한 / 조절하
3) that / offered
4) 영양 / 을 고수하 / 신진대사 / 적응하 / 허기
4) because
5) 우르르 울리
5) interested / used
6) 예기치 않은
6) point / its / what
7) that / desirable
21번
20번
1) threat / concentrate / irregularly
2) checking / rhythm / filter
1) British Airways made an announcement that they would
3) solution / regulate / strict
no longer be able to operate / because it was starting
4) nutrition / sticking to / metabolism / adjust / hunger
to prove uneconomical
5) rumble
2) the sales for the flight on this route increased
6) unexpected
3) There was nothing that changed about the route or the
service offered by the airlines.
4) because it became a scarce resource / the demand for 21번
it increased Part 3. 해석 연습
5) If you are interested in persuading people / the 1) 우리의 집중하는 능력에 있어 가장 위험한 위협은 우리가
principle of scarcity can be effectively used 근무 시간 동안 스마트폰을 사용하는 것이 아니라 우리가
6) If you are a salesperson trying to increase the sales of a 그것을 지나치게 불규칙적으로 사용하는 것이다.
certain product / you must not merely point out the 2) 특별한 일정이나 규칙성을 염두에 두지 않은 채 이따금 컴
benefits / the customer can derive from the said 퓨터로 우리의 이메일을 확인하고 우리의 전화로 문자 메
- 235 -
시지를 여기저기에서 확인함으로써 우리의 뇌는 효과적으 is not that we use / that we use it
로 여과하는 그것의 능력을 잃는다. 2) with no particular schedule or rhythm in mind, our brain
3) 해결책은 마치 여러분이 엄격한 다이어트 중에 있는 것처 loses its ability to / filter
럼 여러분의 기기를 조절하는 것이다. 3) The solution is to regulate your devices / you were on
4) 영양에 관해서라면 아침, 점심 그리고 저녁 식사를 위한 정 a strict diet
해진 시간 계획을 고수하는 것이 여러분의 신진대사가 적 4) sticking to a fixed time plan for / allows your metabolism
응하도록 하고 그렇게 함으로써 중간 단계 동안 허기를 덜 to adjust / causing less hunger
유발한다. 5) Your belly will start to rumble / that’s a good time to
5) 여러분의 배는 매일 오후 12시 반쯤 우르르 울리기 시작할 것 eat lunch
이지만 그때는 점심을 먹기에 좋은 시간이기 때문에 괜찮다. 6) something unexpected happens, you can add a snack /
6) 만약 예기치 않은 무언가가 일어난다면 여러분은 활기를 your metabolism will remain under control It’s the same
얻기 위해 이따금 간식을 추가할 수 있지만 여러분의 신진 with our brain / you put it on
대사는 계속 통제된 상태로 있을 것이다. 여러분이 그것
(뇌)을 ‘미디어 다이어트’ 상태로 두었을 때 우리의 뇌도 마
22번
찬가지이다.
1) 발화 / 나타난다
21번 2) 처음의 / 주인공 / 과민 반응하
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 3) 주의를 기울
1) is / that 4) 줄거리 / 도전받 / 강요받
2) particular / filter 5) 존재하 / 이야기 / 몰입하
3) were 6) 부재하 / 에서 벗어나 / 분리될
4) allows / to adjust 7) 비밀
5) because 8) 관점 / 정의 / 전기 / 심장 박동
6) unexpected / happens
22번
21번 Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문)
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) 1) emerges / ignition
1) The most dangerous threat to our ability to concentrate 2) initial / protagonist / overreacts
/ is not that we use our smartphone / that we use it
3) attentive
too irregularly
4) challenged / plot / compelled
2) By checking our emails every now and then on the
5) narrative / present / engaged
computer / our text messages here and there on our
6) absent / move out of / detached
phone / with no particular schedule or rhythm in mind
7) secret
/ our brain loses its ability to effectively filter
8) perspective / definition / electricity / heartbeat
3) The solution is to regulate your devices as if you were
on a strict diet.
4) When it comes to nutrition / sticking to a fixed time 22번
plan for / allows your metabolism to adjust / causing Part 3. 해석 연습
less hunger 1) ‘이 사람은 누구인가?’ 이것은 모든 이야기가 물어보는 질
5) Your belly will start to rumble / that’s a good time to 문이다. 그것은 발화 지점에서 가장 먼저 나타난다.
eat lunch 2) 처음의 변화가 발생할 때 주인공은 과민 반응하거나 그렇
6) If something unexpected happens / you can add a 지 않으면 예상치 못한 방식으로 행동한다.
snack / to get fresh energy / your metabolism will 3) 우리는 일어나 앉아 갑자기 주의를 기울인다. ‘이렇게 행동
remain under control / It’s the same with our brain 하는 이 사람은 누구인가?’
4) 그러고 나서 그 질문은 주인공이 줄거리에 도전받고 선택
21번 을 하도록 강요받을 때마다 다시 나타난다.

5) 질문이 존재하는 이야기의 모든 곳에서 독자 또는 시청자
는 몰입하게 될 것이다.
1) (B) - (A) - (C)
6) 질문이 부재하고 드라마의 사건들이 이야기의 빛줄기에서
벗어나는 곳에서 그들은 분리될 위험에 놓이고, 심지어는
21번
지루해질 위험에 처할 수도 있다.
Part 7. 영작 연습 7) 만약 이야기하기에 한 가지 비밀이 있다면 나는 그것이 이
1) The most dangerous threat to our ability to concentrate
- 236 -
것이라고 믿는다. 23번

8) ‘이 사람은 누구인가?’ 또는 등장인물의 관점에서 ‘나는 누 Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
구인가? 그것이 드라마의 정의이다. 그것이 드라마의 전기 1) 를 지칭한다 / 눈꺼풀 / 비율 / 드러낸다
이고 심장 박동이자 불이다. 2) 나타내 / 척도
3) 평판 / 생각날
22번 4) 포유동물 / 진화 / 포식자 / 최소로 하 / 속도를 높일
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 5) 에 대해 / 걱정한다
1) all 6) 시도 / 무의식적으로 / 같다
2) behaves 7) 똑같은 것을 할
3) behaves
4) challenged / to make 23번
5) that Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문)
6) move / detached 1) refers to / eyelid / reveal / rate
7) secret 2) indicate / measurement
3) reputation / come to mind
22번 4) mammals / evolution / speed up / minimize / predator
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) 5) is concerned with
1) This is the question all stories ask. 6) attempt / involuntarily / equals
2) When the initial change strikes / the protagonist 7) do the same thing
overreacts or behaves
3) Who is this person who behaves like this? 23번
4) the protagonist is challenged by the plot and compelled
to make a choice
1) 셔터 속도는 카메라 셔터의 속도를 지칭한다. 행동 프로파
5) Everywhere in the narrative that the question is present,
일링에서는 그것은 눈꺼풀의 속도를 지칭한다. 우리가 눈을
the reader or viewer will likely be engaged.
깜빡일 때 우리는 단지 눈 깜빡임의 비율보다 더 많은 것
6) Where the question is absent / the events of drama 을 드러낸다.
move out of its narrative beam
2) 눈꺼풀 속도의 변화는 중요한 정보를 나타내는데, 즉 셔터
7) If there’s a single secret to storytelling 속도가 두려움의 척도라는 것이다.
8) from the perspective of the character / It’s the definition 3) 겁이 많은 것으로 평판이 있는 동물을 생각해 보라. 치와와
of drama. 가 생각날지도 모른다.
4) 포유동물의 경우 진화 때문에, 우리가 다가오는 포식자를
22번 볼 수 없는 시간의 양을 최소로 하기 위하여 우리의 눈꺼
Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단) 풀은 속도를 높일 것이다.
1) (C) - (B) - (A) 5) 동물이 경험하고 있는 두려움의 정도가 더 클수록 그 동물
은 다가오는 포식자에 대해 더 걱정한다.
22번 6) 가능한 한 많이 눈을 뜨고 있으려는 시도로 눈꺼풀은 무의

식적으로 속도를 높인다. 행동에 관한 한 속도는 거의 항상
두려움과 같다.
1) This is the question all stories ask. It emerges
7) 인간의 경우 만약 우리가 무언가에 대한 두려움을 경험한
2) the initial change strikes, the protagonist overreacts or
다면, 우리의 눈꺼풀은 치와와와 똑같은 것을 할 것이며,
behaves
즉 그것들은 더 빠르게 닫히고 열릴 것이다.
3) Who is this person who behaves like this?
4) every time the protagonist is challenged by the plot /
compelled to make a choice
23번
5) Everywhere / that the question is present, the reader or Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습

viewer will / be engaged 1) more
6) the question is absent / the events of drama move out 2) indicate

of / they are at risk of becoming detached 3) Think
7) there’s a single secret to storytelling 4) that / approaching
8) from the perspective of the character / It’s the definition 5) is / approaching
of drama 6) speed / equals
7) experience
- 237 -
24번
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) 1) liberated
1) Shutter speed refers to the speed of a camera shutter. it 2) classic / Enlightenment / thinkers / weaknesses / violence
refers to the speed of the eyelid / we reveal more than 3) wage war / trade / in the long run
just blink rate 4) logic / establishment / destinies / overwhelming / devastating
2) Changes in the speed of the eyelid can indicate
important information; shutter speed is a measurement 24번
of fear. Part 3. 해석 연습
3) Think of an animal that has a reputation for being 1) 자유 시장은 마르크스주의가 결코 할 수 없었던 방식으로
fearful. A Chihuahua might come to mind. 사람들을 자유롭게 해 왔다.
4) our eyelids will speed up / to minimize the amount of 2) 게다가 하버드 대학 경제 역사학자인 A. O. Hirschman이
time / that we can’t see an approaching predator 자신의 대표적 연구인 ‘The Passions and the Interests’에
5) The greater the degree of fear an animal is experiencing, 서 보여 주었듯이, 시장은 계몽주의 사상가들인 Adam
the more the animal is concerned with an approaching Smith, David Hume 그리고 Montesquieu에 의해 인류의
predator. 가장 큰 전통적 약점들 중 하나인 폭력에 대한 강력한 해
6) to keep the eyes open as much as possible / the 결책으로 여겨졌다.
eyelids involuntarily speed up / when it comes to 3) Montesquieu가 말했던 바로는 두 국가가 만날 때 그들은
behavior / almost always equals fear 두 가지 중 하나를 할 수 있는데, 즉 그들은 전쟁을 벌이거
7) if we experience fear about something / our eyelids will 나 거래를 할 수 있다. 만약 그들이 전쟁을 벌인다면, 둘
do the same thing 다 장기적으로 손해를 볼 가능성이 있다. 만약 그들이 거래
를 한다면, 둘 다 이득을 얻을 것이다.
23번 4) 물론 그것이 유럽 연합의 설립 이면에 있는 논리였다. 즉

그것의 국가들, 특히 프랑스와 독일의 운명을 한데 묶었는
데 그렇게 함으로써 그들이 20세기 전반에 너무나도 파괴
1) (A) - (C) - (B)
적인 대가를 치르며 그랬었던 것처럼 다시는 전쟁을 벌이
지 않도록 그들은 저항할 수 없는 이해관계를 가졌을 것이다.
23번
24번
1) Shutter speed refers to the speed of a camera shutter. /
it refers to the speed of the eyelid / we reveal more
1) liberated
than just blink rate
2) was seen / weaknesses
2) can indicate important information; shutter speed is a
3) things / trade
measurement of fear
3) Think of an animal that has a reputation for being 4) was / had
fearful. / might come to mind

4) will speed up to minimize the amount of time that we 24번
can’t see an approaching predator Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)
5) The greater the degree of fear an animal is experiencing, 1) The free market has liberated people in a way that
the more the animal is concerned with an approaching Marxism never could.
predator. 2) the market was seen by Enlightenment thinkers / as a
6) to keep the eyes open as much as possible / equals powerful solution / to one of humanity’s greatest
fear traditional weaknesses
7) we experience fear about something, our eyelids will do 3) When two nations meet / they can do one of two
the same thing as / they will close and open things / they can wage war or they can trade / If they
wage war, both are likely to lose in the long run. If
24번 they trade, both will gain.

4) was the logic behind the establishment of the European
Union / to lock together the destinies of its nations / in
1) 자유롭게 해
such a way that they would have an overwhelming
2) 대표적 / 계몽주의 / 사상가들 / 약점들 / 폭력
interest / not to wage war again / as they had done to
3) 전쟁을 벌이 / 거래를 할 / 장기적으로
such devastating cost
4) 설립 / 논리 / 운명 / 파괴적인 / 저항할 수 없는
- 238 -
24번 명되었고 그의 연구는 아동의 발달에 중점을 두었다.

Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단) 5) 자신의 아버지의 제안을 따라, Bowlby는 Cambridge의
1) (B) - (C) - (A) Trinity 대학에 의학을 공부하기 위해 입학했으나 3년째 되
던 해에 그는 자신의 관심을 심리학으로 바꿨다.
6) 1950년대에 Bowlby는 잠시 세계 보건 기구에서 정신 건강
24번
자문 위원으로 활동했다.
7) 그의 애착 이론은 어린 시절의 사회적 발달을 이해하는 데
1) The free market has liberated people / Marxism never
있어 지배적인 접근법으로 평가되어 오고 있다.
could
2) the market was seen by Enlightenment thinkers / a
powerful solution to one of humanity’s greatest traditional 26번
weaknesses Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
3) two nations meet / they can do one of two things / 1) who / was
they can wage war / they can trade / they wage war, 2) cared
both are likely to lose / they trade, both will gain 3) was sent
4) was the logic behind the establishment of / to lock 4) to have / whose
together the destinies of its nations / would have an 5) Following
overwhelming interest not to wage war again / they 6) During
had done to such devastating cost 7) been described
26번 26번
1) 심리학자 / 정신과 의사 / 상위 중산 계급 / 의료진 1) who was a member of the King’s medical staff / was
2) 주로 / 관례적 often absent
3) 기숙 학교 / 충격적인 / 회상했다 2) Bowlby was cared for primarily by a nanny / did not
4) 영향 / 에 중점을 두었다 spend much time with his mother / was customary at
5) 의학 / 입학했 that time
6) 잠시 / 자문 위원 3) was sent to a boarding school at the age of seven / He
7) 애착 / 지배적인 / 평가되 later recalled this as being traumatic to his development.
4) proved to have a large impact on Bowlby / whose work
26번 focused on children’s development

5) Following his father’s suggestion / he changed his focus
to psychology
1) psychologist / psychiatrist / upper‑middle‑class / medical
6) Bowlby briefly worked as a mental health consultant
staff
7) His attachment theory has been described as the dominant
2) primarily / customary
approach to understanding early social development.
3) boarding school / recalled / traumatic
4) impact / focused on
5) enrolled / medicine 26번
6) briefly / consultant Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
7) attachment / described / dominant 1) (B) - (D) - (C) - (A)
26번 26번
Part 3. 해석 연습 Part 7. 영작 연습
1) 영국 발달 심리학자이자 정신과 의사인 John Bowlby는 1) who was a member of the King’s medical staff, was
1907년에 상위 중산 계급 가정에서 태어났다. 왕의 의료진 often absent
의 일원이었던 그의 아버지는 자주 집을 비웠다. 2) was cared for / did not spend much time with his
2) Bowlby는 주로 유모에 의해 돌보아졌고 그의 어머니와 많 mother / was customary
은 시간을 보내지 못했는데, 이는 그 당시 그의 계급에서 3) was sent to a boarding school / recalled this as being
관례적이었다. traumatic to his development
3) Bowlby는 7살에 기숙 학교로 보내졌다. 그는 나중에 이것 4) proved to have a large impact on Bowlby, whose work
을 자신의 성장에 있어 충격적인 일이었다고 회상했다. focused on children’s development
4) 그러나 이 경험은 Bowlby에게 큰 영향을 미쳤던 것으로 판 5) Following his father’s suggestion / he changed his focus
- 239 -
to psychology 5) create / that / treated

6) worked as a mental health consultant for
7) His attachment theory has been described as the 29번
dominant approach to understanding Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)
1) Anchoring bias describes the cognitive error you make /
29번 when you tend to give more weight to information
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) arriving early in a situation / compared to information
1) 기준점 편향 / 초기 / 상대적인 / 적절성 / 에 비하여 / 비 arriving later / the relative quality or relevance of that
중 / 인지 initial information
2) 형성할 / 바꾸 / 논리적으로 / 상당히 / 어려워 2) Whatever data is presented to you first / when you start
3) 응급 진료 / 고전적인 / 인상 / 다음의 to look at a situation / it becomes significantly more
4) 이따금 / 가슴 / 퍼지 / 턱 / 나타난 challenging / to alter your mental course away from this
anchor
5) 분류하 / 를 초래할
3) A classic example of anchoring bias / where whatever
the first impression you develop, or are given / tends to
29번
influence all subsequent providers seeing that patient
4) imagine two patients presenting for emergency care /
1) Anchoring bias / cognitive / weight / compared to /
with aching jaw pain that occasionally extends down to
relative / relevance / initial
their chest
2) form / significantly / challenging / alter / logically
5) Differences in how the intake providers label the chart /
3) classic / emergency medicine / impression / subsequent create anchors that might result in significant differences
4) presenting / jaw / occasionally / extends / chest / in how the patients are treated
5) label / result in
29번
Part 3. 해석 연습 1) (C) - (D) - (A) - (B)
1) 기준점 편향은 초기 정보의 상대적인 질이나 적절성과 상
관없이, 여러분이 어떠한 상황에서 나중에 도착하는 정보에
29번
비하여 일찍 도착하는 정보에 더 비중을 두는 경향이 있을
때 여러분이 저지르는 인지 오류를 말한다.
1) describes the cognitive error you make / tend to give
2) 여러분이 어떠한 상황을 보기 시작할 때 여러분에게 처음
more weight to information arriving early / information
으로 어떠한 정보가 제시되든지가 ‘기준점’을 형성할 수 있
arriving later / the relative quality or relevance of that
고, 여러분의 생각의 방향을 이 기준점에서 벗어나도록 바
initial information
꾸는 것은 논리적으로 그러해야 하는 것보다 상당히 더 어
2) Whatever data is presented to you / you start to look
려워진다.
at a situation can form / more challenging to alter your
3) 응급 진료에서 기준점 편향의 고전적인 예는 ‘부상자 분류
mental course away from this anchor
편향’인데, 이는 여러분이 환자에 대해 어떠한 첫인상을 갖
3) A classic example of anchoring bias / whatever the first
거나 받든지가 그 환자를 보는 모든 다음의 의료 종사자들
impression you develop / are given / tends to influence
에게 영향을 미치는 경향이 있다는 것이다.
all subsequent providers seeing that patient
4) 예를 들어 이따금 가슴까지 아래로 퍼지는 쑤시는 턱 통증
4) imagine two patients presenting for emergency care /
으로 응급 치료를 위해 나타난 두 명의 환자들을 상상해
aching jaw pain that / extends down to their chest
보아라.
5) Differences in how the intake providers label / create
5) 환자를 예진하는 의료 종사자들이 어떻게 차트에 분류하는
anchors that might result in significant differences in
가의 차이, 예를 들어 ‘턱 통증’ 대 ‘가슴 통증’ 중 무엇으로
how the patients are treated
분류하는가의 차이는 그 환자들이 어떻게 치료받는가에 있
어 중대한 차이를 초래할 수도 있는 기준점을 만든다.
30번
29번 Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)

1) 가치 있는 / 기억할 / 조준되 / 통제된 / 방식
2) 기억할 / 주목할 만한
1) to give / relative
3) 세부 사항 / 범위 / 추가적인 / 적극적으로
2) presented / form
4) 주요 / 전달할
3) is / tends / subsequent / seeing
5) 저해하 / 중요하지 않 / 사소한 / 책임지는 / 억제한다
4) presenting / extends
- 240 -
6) 사라지 / 결국 / 선명하게 하 / 도움이 된다 are actively deleted from your brain the more you go
about remembering the situation.
30번 4) The reason for this is that / the brain does not consider
it valuable to remember all of the details / it is able to
convey the main message
1) retain / valuable / manner / targeted / controlled
5) studies have shown that / the brain actively suppresses
2) recall / noteworthy
regions responsible for insignificant or minor memory
3) extent / specifics / additional / actively
content / that tends to disturb the main memory
4) convey / main
6) the minor details vanish more and more / serves to
5) suppresses / responsible / insignificant / minor / disturb
sharpen the most important messages of the past
6) vanish / in turn / serves / sharpen
30번
30번
1) (A) - (C) - (B)
1) 우리가 가치 있는 정보의 조각들을 기억할 수 있기 위해서
우리의 뇌는 조준되면서도 통제된 방식으로 잊어야만 한다.
30번
2) 예를 들어 여러분은 여러분의 학교에서의 그 첫날을 기억
할 수 있는가? 여러분은 아마도 여러분의 필통에 크레용과
1) In order for us to be able to retain valuable pieces of
연필을 넣는 것과 같은 주목할 만한 심상 한두 개를 머릿
information / has to forget / that is both targeted and
속에 가지고 있을 것이다.
controlled
3) 하지만 그것은 아마도 세부 사항의 범위일 것이다. 명백히
2) have one or two noteworthy images / putting your
중요하지 않은 그러한 추가적인 세부 사항들은 여러분이
crayons and pencils into your pencil case
그 상황을 계속 기억하려고 할수록 여러분의 뇌에서 적극
적으로 삭제된다. 3) Those additional details that are / unimportant are /
deleted from your brain / you go about remembering
4) 이것의 이유는 뇌가 예를 들어 여러분의 학교에서의 첫날
the situation
이 좋았다와 같은 주요 메시지를 전달할 수 있는 한 그것
이 모든 세부 사항을 기억하는 것을 가치 있다고 여기지 4) for this is that the brain does not consider it valuable
않기 때문이다. to remember all of the details / it is able to convey the

main message
5) 사실 연구들은 주기억을 저해하는 경향이 있는 중요하지
않거나 사소한 기억 내용을 책임지는 영역을 뇌가 적극적 5) have shown that the brain / suppresses regions
으로 억제한다는 것을 보여 왔다. responsible for insignificant or minor memory content

that tends to disturb
6) 시간이 지나면서 그 사소한 세부 사항들이 점점 더 사라지
지만, 그래도 이것은 결국 과거의 가장 중요한 메시지들을 6) the minor details vanish more and more / serves to
선명하게 하는 데 도움이 된다. sharpen the most important messages of the past
30번 31번
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)

1) for / to retain / is 1) 요소들 / 상대적으로 / 조상들
2) have 2) 선호도 / 타고나는 / 포유동물 / 생산자 / 농도
3) are / are / deleted 3) 부분적으로는 / 성분들 / 에 의존한
4) is / valuable / to convey 4) 해결하 / 그렇지 않으면
5) shown / that / responsible / tends / to disturb 5) 을 찾아 / 수용기 / 후자 / 충족시키 / 보상을 한다 / 을

찾아
6) serves / to sharpen
31번
30번
1) elements / relatively / ancestors
1) In order for us to be able to retain valuable pieces of
information, our brain has to forget in a manner that is 2) preferences / hardwired / mammals / concentration /
both targeted and controlled. producers
2) You most likely have one or two noteworthy images / 3) in part / dependent upon / ingredients
such as putting your crayons and pencils into your 4) remedy / otherwise
pencil case 5) seek out / receptor / rewards / latter / seeking out /
3) Those additional details that are apparently unimportant satisfy
- 241 -
31번
Part 3. 해석 연습 1) (C) - (B) - (A) - (D)
1) 어떤 특정한 동물이 필요로 하는 요소들은 상대적으로 예
측 가능하다. 그것들은 과거에 기반하여 예측이 가능한데, 31번
즉 한 동물의 조상들이 필요로 했던 것은 그 동물이 또한 Part 7. 영작 연습
필요로 하는 것일 가능성이 있다. 1) The elements any particular animal needs are / based
2) 그러므로 맛 선호도는 타고나는 것일 수 있다. 나트륨(Na) on the past: what an animal’s ancestors needed is likely
을 생각해 보아라. 포유동물의 몸을 포함하여 육생 척추동 to be what that animal
물의 몸은 육지의 주된 생산자인 식물의 나트륨 농도보다 2) tend to have a concentration of sodium / fifty times
거의 50배 되는 그것을 가지는 경향이 있다. that of the primary producers on land
3) 이는 부분적으로는 척추동물이 바다에서 진화했고 따라서 3) evolved in the sea / evolved cells dependent upon the
나트륨을 포함하여 바다에서 흔했던 성분들에 의존한 세포 ingredients that were common in the sea
를 진화시켰기 때문이다.
4) To remedy the difference between their needs for
4) 나트륨에 대한 그것들의 욕구와 식물에서 얻을 수 있는 그 sodium and that available in plants / can eat fifty times
것(나트륨) 사이의 격차를 해결하기 위해 초식 동물은 그것 more plant material than
들이 그렇지 않으면 필요로 하는 것보다 50배 더 많은 식
5) they can seek out other sources of sodium / rewards
물을 섭취할 수 있다(그리고 초과분을 배설한다).
animals for doing the latter / in order to satisfy their
5) 또는 그것들은 나트륨의 다른 공급원을 찾아다닐 수 있다. great need
짠맛 수용기는 후자의 행위, 즉 그것들의 엄청난 욕구를 충
족시키기 위해 소금을 찾아다니는 것에 대해 동물에게 보
32번
상을 한다.
1) 직감 / 얼굴 표정 / 불일치 / 알아차렸 / 의식하 / 가시적
31번
인 / 인식 / 형성된
2) 스트레스를 받은 / 서두르는 / 시각적 연결시키기 / 의존할
1) are / what / is / what
3) 정신의 / 보관된 / 부여한다
2) to have / that
4) 신경세포 / 본능적인 / 긴장감 / 인지 / 처리 체계
3) because / that / were
4) To remedy
32번
5) other / seeking
1) gut instinct / shaped / perception / visible / facial
31번
expression / inconsistency / aware / noticed
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) 2) stressed / rushed / resort / visual matching
1) The elements any particular animal needs are relatively
3) stored / mental / assign
predictable. They are predictable based on the past:
4) nerve cells / visceral / butterflies / cognitive / processing
what an animal’s ancestors needed is likely to be what
system
that animal also needs.
2) The bodies of terrestrial vertebrates / including those of
32번
mammals / tend to have a concentration of sodium
nearly fifty times / that of the primary producers on Part 3. 해석 연습
land 1) 우리는 우리의 직감이 단지 내면의 느낌, 즉 비밀스러운 내
3) because vertebrates evolved in the sea / so evolved cells 적 목소리라고 생각할지도 모르지만, 사실 그것은 얼굴 표
dependent upon the ingredients / that were common in 정 또는 시각적 불일치와 같이 너무 빨리 지나가서 보통
the sea 우리가 그것을 알아차렸음을 의식하지도 못하는, 우리 주변

의 가시적인 무언가에 대한 인식에 의해 형성된다.
4) To remedy the difference between their needs for
sodium and that available in plants / herbivores can eat 2) 오늘날 심리학자들은 이러한 순간을 ‘시각적 연결시키기 게
fifty times more plant material than 임’으로 생각한다. 그렇다면 스트레스를 받은 , 서두르는 혹
은 피곤한 사람이 이 시각적 연결시키기에 의존할 가능성
5) they can seek out other sources of sodium / The salt
이 더 높다.
taste receptor rewards animals for doing the latter,
seeking out salt in order to satisfy their great need 3) 그들이 자신 앞의 상황을 볼 때 그들은 정신의 지식 저장
고 안에 보관된 과거 경험의 바다와 그것을 재빨리 연결해
보고, 그 다음에 연결에 기초하여 자신 앞에 있는 정보에
의미를 부여한다.
- 242 -
4) 그러고 나서 뇌가 창자로 신호를 보내는데 이것은 수백 개 33번

의 신경세포를 가지고 있다. 따라서 우리가 우리의 뱃속에 Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
서 얻는 본능적인 느낌과 우리가 느끼는 긴장감은 우리의 1) 대륙 / 기후 / 수분 / 흐름
인지 처리 체계의 결과이다.
2) 을 따라
3) 많은
32번 4) 습한 / 마주친다
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 5) 식기 / 강수
1) that / shaped / visible / so / noticed 6) 반대
2) tired 7) 계속 / 산맥
3) stored 8) 상승 / 남아 있 / 도달할 / 극도로 / 사막
4) which / has / are
33번
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) 1) climates / continents / flow / moisture
1) We might think that our gut instinct is just an inner 2) along
feeling / it is shaped by a perception of something 3) a great deal of
visible around us / such as a facial expression or a 4) humid / encounters
visual inconsistency / so fleeting that often we’re not
5) cool / precipitation
even aware
6) opposite
2) Psychologists now think of this moment / a stressed,
7) continues / mountain range
rushed or tired person is more likely to resort to this
8) uplift / remaining / reaches / extremely / desert
visual matching
3) they see a situation in front of them / they quickly
match it to a sea of past experiences / stored in a
33번
mental knowledge bank / they assign meaning to the Part 3. 해석 연습
information in front of them 1) 대륙의 내륙 지역의 기후에 있어서 산은 수분의 흐름을 막
4) The brain then sends a signal to the gut, which has 는 데 큰 역할을 한다.
many hundreds of nerve cells. the visceral feeling we 2) 이것의 좋은 예가 미국의 서해안을 따라 보일 수 있다.
get in the pit of our stomach and the butterflies we 3) 태평양에서 육지로 이동하는 공기는 보통 많은 수분을 그
feel / are a result of our cognitive processing system 안에 가지고 있다.
4) 이 습한 공기가 육지를 가로질러 이동할 때, 그것은 코스트
32번 산맥 산들과 마주친다.

5) 공기가 상승하여 산 위로 이동하면서 그것이 식기 시작하
고, 이는 산의 풍상측(風上側)에 강수를 발생시킨다.
1) (C) - (B) - (A)
6) 공기가 산의 반대편, 즉 풍하측(風下側)이라고 불리는 곳으
로 내려갈 때쯤이면 그것은 많은 수분을 잃어버린다.
32번
7) 공기는 계속 움직이며 그러고 나서 훨씬 더 높은 시에라네
Part 7. 영작 연습 바다 산맥과 부딪친다.
1) We might think that our gut instinct is just an inner
8) 이 두 번째 상승은 남아 있는 수분 대부분을 공기로부터
feeling / it is shaped by a perception of something
빠져나오게 하며 그래서 그것이 시에라 산맥의 풍하측에
visible / a facial expression or a visual inconsistency so
도달할 때쯤이면 공기는 극도로 건조하다. 그 결과는 네바
fleeting that
다주 대부분이 사막이라는 것이다.
2) think of this moment as / a stressed, rushed or tired
person is more likely to resort to this visual matching
33번
3) they see a situation in front of them / match it to a
sea of past experiences stored / assign meaning to the Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
information in front of them 1) stopping
4) sends a signal to the gut, which has many hundreds of 2) be seen
nerve cells / we get in the pit of our stomach / the 3) moving / has
butterflies we feel are a result of our cognitive 4) moves
processing system 5) which / causes
6) called / lost
7) hits / even
- 243 -
8) causes / to fall / is
34번
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) 1) mindset / transform / undermine / institution
1) When it comes to climates in the interior areas of 2) day care center / fine / pick up / discourage
continents, mountains play a huge role in stopping the 3) imposition / guilty / ensuring
flow of moisture. 4) introduced / contract
2) A great example of this can be seen 5) Essentially / look after / worth the price / increased
3) Air moving from the Pacific Ocean toward the land 6) Significantly / abandoned / previous
usually has a great deal of moisture in it.
4) When this humid air moves across the land
34번
5) As the air moves up and over the mountains, it begins
to cool, which causes precipitation on the windward side
1) 어떻게 시장 사고방식이 관습을 변질시키고 훼손시킬 수
of the mountains.
있는지에 대한 한 생생한 예가 그의 저서 ‘Predictably
6) Once the air moves down the opposite side of the
Irrational’에서 Dan Ariely에 의해 주어진다.
mountains / it has lost a great deal of moisture
2) 그는 자신의 아이를 데리러 늦게 도착한 부모들에게 벌금
7) The air continues to move / hits the even higher
을 부과하기로 결정했던 이스라엘의 한 어린이집에 관한
8) This second uplift causes most of the remaining
이야기를 들려주는데, 이는 이것이 그들이 그렇게 행동하는
moisture to fall out of the air / it reaches the leeward
것을 막을 수 있기를 바라서였다.
side of the Sierras / The result is that much of the state
3) 실제로는 정반대의 일이 일어났다. 벌금 부과 전에 부모들
of Nevada is a desert.
은 늦게 도착한 것에 대해 죄책감을 느꼈고 죄책감은 오직
몇몇만이 그렇게 하도록 확실히 하는 데 효과적이었다.
33번 4) 일단 벌금이 도입되자 부모들의 마음속에서 전체 시나리오
Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단) 가 사회 계약에서 시장 계약으로 바뀌었던 것으로 보인다.
1) (B) - (A) - (C) 5) 근본적으로 그들은 방과 후에 자신의 아이를 돌보는 것에
있어 어린이집에 비용을 지불하고 있었다. 일부 부모들은
33번 그것이 값어치를 한다고 생각했고 늦은 도착의 비율이 증
Part 7. 영작 연습 가했다.
1) climates in the interior areas of continents, mountains 6) 중요하게는 어린이집이 벌금을 그만두고 이전 방식으로 돌
play a huge role in stopping the flow of moisture 아갔을 때 늦은 도착은 벌금 기간 동안 그것들이 도달했었
던 그 높은 수준에 머물렀다.
2) A great example of this can be seen along
3) Air moving from / toward the land / has a great deal
of moisture in it 34번
4) this humid air moves across the land, it encounters Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
5) the air moves up and over / it begins to cool, which 1) is / given
causes precipitation 2) to fine / who / that
6) the air moves down the opposite side of / it has lost a 3) happened / effective / did
great deal of moisture 4) introduced / that / was
7) The air continues to move / hits the even higher 5) paying / look
8) This second uplift causes most of the remaining 6) went / previous / had
moisture to fall out of the air / it reaches / The result
is that much of the state of / is a desert
34번
34번
1) One vivid example of how a market mindset can
transform and undermine an institution is given by
1) 사고방식 / 관습 / 변질시키 / 훼손시킬
2) He tells the story of a day care center in Israel that
2) 데리러 / 벌금을 부과하 / 어린이집 / 막을
decided to fine parents who arrived late to pick up
3) 부과 / 죄책감 / 확실히 하 their children, in the hope that this would discourage
4) 도입되 / 계약 them from doing so.
5) 근본적으로 / 돌보 / 값어치를 한다 / 증가했다 3) the exact opposite happened / Before the imposition of
6) 중요하게는 / 그만두 / 이전 fines / parents felt guilty about arriving late / guilt was
effective in ensuring that only a few did so
- 244 -
4) Once a fine was introduced / the entire scenario was

changed from a social contract to a market one 35번
5) they were paying for the center to look after their
children / Some parents thought it worth the price /
1) 서구권 문화에는 인간이 본질적으로 이성적이며, 사실과 허
the rate of late arrivals increased
구를 능숙하게 가려내고, 최종적으로 세상에 대한 영원한
6) once the center abandoned the fines and went back to
진리에 도달한다는 널리 스며있는 관념이 있다.
the previous arrangement / late arrivals remained at the
2) 이러한 사고방식은 인간은 논리의 규칙을 따르고, 가능성을
high level / they had reached
정확히 계산하며, 모든 이용 가능한 정보에 의해 완벽히 정
보를 갖춘 판단을 세상에 대해 내린다고 주장한다.
34번 3) 반대로 효과적이고 정보를 잘 갖춘 판단을 내리는 데 실패
Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단) 하는 것은 흔히 인간의 사고의 실패 탓으로 여겨지는데, 예
1) (C) - (A) - (B) 를 들어 심리적 장애나 인지적 편견에서 비롯된다고 여겨
진다.
34번 4) 이러한 상황에서 우리가 성공할 것인가 실패할 것인가는

개개인이 이성적이고 지적인지 아닌지의 문제인 것으로 판
명된다.
1) One vivid example of how a market mindset can
5) 그러므로 우리가 더 참된 신념과 더 나은 판단과 같은 더
transform and undermine an institution is given by
나은 결과를 성취하기를 원한다면, 우리는 개개인의 사고를
2) that decided to fine parents who arrived late to pick up
향상하는 것에 집중할 필요가 있다.
their children / that this would discourage them from
doing so
3) the exact opposite happened / the imposition of fines, 35번
parents felt guilty about arriving late / ensuring that Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
only a few did so 1) that / sorting
4) a fine was introduced, it seems that / the entire 2) that / make / are / informed
scenario was changed from a social contract to a 3) are / attributed
market one 4) turns / to be
5) they were paying for the center to look after their 5) to achieve
children / Some parents thought it worth the price /
the rate of late arrivals increased
35번
6) abandoned the fines / went back to the previous
arrangement / remained at the high level they had
1) There is a pervasive idea / that humans are essentially
reached
rational, skillfully sorting fact from fiction / arriving at
timeless truths about the world
35번
2) This line of thinking holds that / humans follow the
rules of logic / make decisions about the world / that
1) 본질적으로 / 이성적 / 능숙하게 / 최종적으로 / 영원한 /
are perfectly informed by all available information
널리 스며있는
3) failures to make effective and well‑informed decisions /
2) 논리 / 가능성 / 정확히 / 완벽히
are often attributed to failures of human reasoning
3) 반대로 / 정보를 잘 갖춘 / 탓으로 여겨지 / 장애 / 편견
4) whether we succeed or fail / turns out to be a matter
4) 지적 / 판명된다
of / whether individual humans are rational and
5) 성취하 / 향상하
intelligent
5) if we want to achieve better outcomes / we need to
35번 focus on improving individual human reasoning
1) pervasive / essentially / rational / skillfully / ultimately / 35번
timeless
2) logic / probabilities / accurately / perfectly
1) (C) - (D) - (A) - (B)
3) Conversely / well‑informed / attributed / disorders /
biases
35번
4) turns out / intelligent
5) achieve / improving
1) There is a pervasive idea / that humans are / sorting
- 245 -
fact from fiction / arriving at timeless truths about the 의 편을 들고 소비자에게는 불리하도록 치우쳐졌었다.
world
2) This line of thinking holds that humans follow the rules 36번
of logic, calculate probabilities / make decisions about
the world that are / informed by all available
1) was / that
information
2) lay / them
3) to make effective and well‑informed decisions are often
3) unfair
attributed to failures of human reasoning
4) designed / that
4) whether we succeed or fail turns out to be a matter of
5) designed
whether individual humans are rational and intelligent
6) been licensed
5) we want to achieve better outcomes / we need to focus
7) was
on improving
36번
36번
1) 과 관련하여 / 책임 / 개념 1) there was a different conception of responsibility / from
2) 에게 있었다 / 감시하 / 이익 / 등한시한 / 처벌했 that of French government
3) 대조적으로 / 극단적인 / 를 침해하 2) the responsibility for producing good food lay with the
4) 제조하 / 가짜 / 고안된 / 특허권 / 승인되 producers / The state would police their activities / if
5) 사기 / 목적 they should fail / would punish them for neglecting the
interests of its citizens
6) 위조하 / 허가를 받
3) placed most of the responsibility with the individual
7) 불평했 / 의 편을 들 / 치우쳐졌
consumers / It would be unfair to interfere with the
36번
4) a patent was granted for a machine / designed for
Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) making fake coffee beans out of chicory / using the
1) Regarding / conception / responsibility same technology that went into manufacturing bullets
2) lay with / police / punish / neglecting / interests 5) This machine was clearly designed for the purposes of
3) By contrast / extreme / interfere with swindling / the government allowed it
4) patent / granted / designed / fake / manufacturing 6) A machine for forging money would never have been
5) purposes / swindling licensed
6) forging / licensed 7) As one consumer complained, the British system of
7) complained / weighted / in favour of government was weighted against the consumer in
favour of the swindler.
36번
Part 3. 해석 연습 36번
1) 식품 생산과 관련하여 영국 정부하에서는 프랑스 정부의 Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
책임의 개념과는 다른 개념이 있었다. 1) (C) - (B) - (A)
2) 프랑스에서 좋은 식품을 생산하는 것에 대한 책임은 생산
자들에게 있었다. 정부가 그들의 활동들을 감시하곤 했고, 36번
만약 그들이 실패했다면, 그것의 시민들의 이익을 등한시한
이유로 그들을 처벌했을 것이다.
1) there was a different conception of responsibility from
3) 대조적으로 영국 정부는 극단적인 경우들을 제외하고 그
that of French government
책임의 대부분을 개인 소비자들에게 두었다. 돈을 벌기 위
2) the responsibility for producing good food lay with the
한 가게 주인의 권리를 침해하는 것은 부당했을 것이다.
producers / would police their activities / would punish
4) 1840년대에 총알을 제조하는 데 들어갔던 똑같은 기술을
them for neglecting the interests of its citizens
이용해서 치커리로부터 가짜 커피콩을 만들어 내기 위해
3) placed most of the responsibility with the individual
고안된 기계에 대해 특허권이 승인되었다.
consumers It would be unfair to interfere with the
5) 이 기계는 분명히 사기의 목적으로 고안되었지만 정부는
그것을 허가했다.
4) was granted for a machine designed for making fake
6) 돈을 위조하기 위한 기계는 결코 허가를 받을 수 없었을
coffee beans out of / using the same technology that
텐데 그렇다면 이것은 왜 그랬을까?
went into manufacturing bullets
7) 한 소비자가 불평했던 것처럼 영국의 정부 체제는 사기꾼
5) This machine was / designed for the purposes of
- 246 -
swindling / the government allowed it 어떠한 관리 전략들이 파괴적인 힘을 최소화하고 회복력을

6) A machine for forging money would / have been 키우는 데 도움이 되는지를 배울 수 있다.
licensed
7) one consumer complained, the British system of 37번
government was weighted against the consumer in Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
favour of the swindler
1) Because / that / demonstrating
2) affecting
37번 3) that / demands
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) 4) are / where
1) 운이 다한 / 회복력 / 증명하 5) lost / what
2) 기후로 인한 / 교란 / 해안의 / 해양 / 생태계 / 강도 6) recovered
3) 긴급한 / 요구하 7) hammered / recovered
4) 극심한 / 놀라운 8) where
5) 온도 / 산호 / 백화
6) 암초 / 회복했다
37번
7) 마찬가지로 / 극심한 / 강타당
8) 에 직면한 / 지속되 / 관리 / 전략들 / 파괴적인 / 최소화
1) Because we are told that the planet is doomed, we do
하 / 키우
not register the growing number of scientific studies
demonstrating the resilience of other species.
37번 2) climate‑driven disturbances are affecting the world’s
Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) coastal marine ecosystems
1) doomed / demonstrating / resilience 3) This is a global problem that demands urgent action.
2) climate‑driven / disturbances / coastal / marine / 4) there are also instances where marine ecosystems show
ecosystems / intensity remarkable resilience to acute climatic events
3) demands / urgent 5) up to 90 percent of live coral was lost / when ocean
4) remarkable / acute water temperatures rose / causing what scientists call
5) coral / temperatures / bleaching coral bleaching
6) reef / recovered 6) in some sections of the reef surface / 44 percent of the
7) Similarly / hammered / intense corals recovered within twelve years
8) persist / in the face of / management / strategies / 7) kelp forests hammered by intense El Niño
minimize / destructive / nurture water‑temperature increases / recovered within five
years
8) situations where ecosystems persist even in the face of
37번
major climatic impacts / we can learn what management
strategies help to minimize destructive forces and
1) 우리는 지구가 운이 다한 것이라고 듣기 때문에 우리는 다
nurture resilience
른 종의 회복력을 증명하는 과학적 연구의 증가하는 수를
기억하지 않는다.
37번
2) 예를 들어 기후로 인한 교란이 세계 해안의 해양 생태계에
더 자주 그리고 더 큰 강도로 영향을 미치고 있다. Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
3) 이것은 긴급한 조치를 요구하는 세계적인 문제이다. 1) (C) - (B) - (D) - (A)
4) 하지만 ‘BioScience’의 2017년 논문에서 자세히 설명된 것

처럼, 해양 생태계가 극심한 기후의 사건들에 놀라운 회복 37번
력을 보여 주는 경우들이 또한 있다. Part 7. 영작 연습
5) 예를 들어 Western Australia의 한 지역에서 바닷물 온도가 1) we are told that the planet is doomed, we do not
상승했을 때, 살아 있는 산호의 90퍼센트까지 소실되었으며 register the growing number of scientific studies
과학자들이 산호 백화라 부르는 것을 야기했다. demonstrating the resilience of other species
6) 하지만 암초 표면의 몇몇 부분에서 산호의 44퍼센트가 12 2) disturbances are affecting the world’s coastal marine
년 이내에 회복했다. ecosystems more frequently / with greater intensity
7) 마찬가지로 극심한 엘니뇨 수온 상승에 의해 강타당한 켈 3) This is a global problem that demands urgent action.
프 숲이 5년 이내에 회복했다. 4) there are / instances where marine ecosystems show
8) 이러한 ‘밝은 지점들’, 즉 중대한 기후의 영향에 직면한 순 remarkable resilience to acute climatic events
간에도 생태계가 지속되는 상황들을 연구함으로써 우리는
- 247 -
5) of live coral was lost / ocean water temperatures rose, 1) means / which / be calculated
causing what scientists call 2) sounds
6) of the corals recovered within twelve years 3) obvious
7) hammered by intense / recovered within five years 4) that / which / is
8) situations where ecosystems persist / major climatic 5) that / that / has
impacts / what management strategies help to minimize 6) bright
destructive forces / nurture resilience 7) not to play / such a / that
38번 38번
1) 밝기 / 주파수 / 계산될 1) Brightness of sounds means much energy in higher
2) 에 비해 frequencies / which can be calculated from the sounds
3) 명백하 / 실제로 2) A violin has many more overtones / compared to a
4) 주관적으로 / 현대 / 전자 / 세기 flute / An oboe is brighter than a classical guitar / a
5) 녹음한 / 틀어 주 / 곧바로 crash cymbal brighter than a double bass
6) 일시적인 / 장기적으로 3) people like brightness
7) 결국 / 도움이 된다 / 납득시키 / 보통 4) One reason is that it makes sound subjectively louder /
which is part of the loudness war
38번 5) All sound engineers know that / if they play back a

track to a musician / that just has recorded this track /
add some higher frequencies / the musician will
1) Brightness / frequencies / calculated
immediately like the track much better
2) compared to
6) this is a short‑lived effect / people find such sounds too
3) obvious / indeed
bright
4) subjectively / loudness / modern / electronic
7) it is wise not to play back such a track / with too much
5) play back / recorded / immediately
brightness / it normally takes quite some time to
6) short‑lived / in the long run
convince the musician / that less brightness serves his
7) normally / convince / serves / in the end
music better
38번 38번
Part 3. 해석 연습 Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
1) 소리의 밝기는 더 높은 주파수에서의 많은 에너지를 의미
1) (C) - (B) - (D) - (A)
하며, 이는 소리로부터 쉽게 계산될 수 있다.
2) 바이올린은 플루트에 비해 더 많은 상음(上音)을 가지고 있
38번
고 더 밝게 들린다. 오보에가 클래식 기타보다 더 밝고, 크
래시 심벌이 더블 베이스보다 더 밝다.
1) means much energy in higher frequencies, which can be
3) 이것은 명백하고 실제로 사람들은 밝음을 좋아한다.
calculated from the sounds
4) 한 가지 이유는 그것이 소리를 주관적으로 더 크게 들리도
2) has many more overtones compared to a flute / sounds
록 만든다는 것이며, 이는 현대 전자 음악과 19세기 클래
brighter / is brighter than a classical guitar
식 음악에서 소리의 세기 전쟁의 일환이다.
3) This is obvious / people like brightness
5) 모든 음향 기사들은 만약 그들이 방금 이 곡을 녹음한 음악가
에게 곡을 틀어 주고 약간의 더 높은 주파수를 더하면, 그 음 4) One reason is that it makes sound subjectively louder,
악가는 곧바로 그 곡을 훨씬 더 좋아하게 되리라는 것을 안다. which is part of the loudness war
6) 하지만 이것은 일시적인 효과이고 장기적으로 사람들은 그 5) they play back a track to a musician that / has recorded
러한 소리가 너무 밝다는 것을 알게 된다. this track / add some higher frequencies, the musician
will / like the track much better
7) 따라서 그러한 곡을 너무 밝게 틀어 주지 않는 것이 현명
한데 왜냐하면 그 음악가에게 더 적은 밝기가 결국 자신의 6) this is a short‑lived effect / in the long run, people find
음악에 더 도움이 된다는 것을 납득시키는 데 보통 꽤 상 such sounds too bright
당한 시간이 걸리기 때문이다. 7) it is wise not to play back such a track with too much
brightness / takes quite some time to convince the
musician that less brightness serves his music better
38번
39번
- 248 -
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) 1) Scientists who have observed plants growing in the dark
1) 관찰해 / 외관 / 기능 / 상당히 have found that they are vastly different in appearance,
2) 유전적으로 / 동일하 / 영양소 form, and function from those grown in the light.
3) 묘목 / 능력 / 기관 / 제한하 / 나아가게 하 / 시작한다 2) even when the plants in the different light conditions
4) 배분하 / 줄인다 are genetically identical / are grown under identical
conditions of temperature, water, and nutrient level
5) 확장하 / 광범위한
3) Seedlings grown in the dark limit the amount of energy
6) 적응성
going to organs / that do not function at full capacity
7) 근원적인 / 신진대사 / 생화학적 / 바꿈 / 별개의 / 적응한다
in the dark / initiate elongation of the seedling stem /
to propel the plant out of darkness
39번
4) seedlings reduce the amount of energy they allocate to
Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) stem elongation
1) observed / vastly / appearance / function 5) The energy is directed to expanding their leaves /
2) genetically / identical / nutrient developing extensive root systems
3) Seedlings / limit / organs / capacity / initiate / propel 6) This is a good example of phenotypic plasticity.
4) reduce / allocate 7) The seedling adapts to distinct environmental conditions
5) expanding / extensive by modifying its form and the underlying metabolic and
6) plasticity biochemical process.
7) adapts / distinct / modifying / underlying / metabolic /
biochemical 39번
39번 1) (B) - (C) - (A)
1) 어둠 속에서 식물이 자라는 것을 관찰해 온 과학자들은 그 39번
것들이 빛 속에서 길러진 것들과 외관, 형태 그리고 기능에
서 상당히 다르다는 것을 발견해왔다.
1) Scientists who have observed plants growing / have
2) 이것은 다른 빛 조건에 있는 식물들이 유전적으로 동일하
found that they are vastly different in appearance, form,
고 온도, 물 그리고 영양소 수준의 동일한 조건에서 길러질
and function from those grown
때에도 적용된다.
2) the plants in the different light conditions are / identical
3) 어둠 속에서 길러진 묘목은 떡잎이나 뿌리처럼, 어둠 속에
/ are grown under identical conditions of temperature,
서 완전한 능력으로 기능하지 않는 기관으로 가는 에너지
water, and nutrient level
의 양을 제한하고, 대신 그 식물을 어둠에서 벗어나 나아가
3) limit the amount of energy going to organs that do not
게 하기 위하여 묘목 줄기의 연장을 시작한다.
function at full capacity / initiate elongation of the
4) 충분한 빛 속에서 묘목은 그것들이 줄기 연장에 배분하는
seedling stem to propel the plant out of darkness
에너지의 양을 줄인다.
4) seedlings reduce the amount of energy they allocate to
5) 그 에너지는 그것들의 잎을 확장하고 광범위한 근계(根系)
stem elongation
를 발달시키는 데로 향한다.
5) The energy is directed to expanding their leaves /
6) 이것이 표현형 적응성의 좋은 예이다.
developing extensive
7) 묘목은 그것의 형태와 근원적인 신진대사 및 생화학적 과
6) This is a good example of phenotypic plasticity.
정을 바꿈으로써 별개의 환경 조건에 적응한다.
7) adapts to distinct environmental conditions by modifying
its form and the underlying metabolic and biochemical
39번 processes
1) observed / have / that
2) are / are 40번
3) limit / that / do / initiate Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글)
4) allocate to 1) 행동 경제학자 / 실험 대상자들
5) developing 2) 주식 시장 / 밀
6) adapts to / its 3) 예측하 / 예측 / 보상 / 제공했다
4) 범주 / 나누었다
39번 5) 추가
Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장) 6) 별개의 / 보상 / 정확한
- 249 -
7) 기대 / 영향을 미쳤 7) that / itself

8) 반대 / 추론 8) that / influence
9) 속했 / 정해졌 / 영향을 미쳤다 9) to predict / which / was
40번 40번
Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)
1) behavioral economist / experimental subjects 1) showed his experimental subjects graphs of a price /
2) stock market / wheat rising and falling over time
3) predict / offered / reward / forecasts 2) The graphs were actually of past changes in the stock
4) divided / categories market / Mayraz told people that the graphs showed
5) extra recent changes in the price of wheat
6) separate / payments / accurate 3) He asked each person to predict / where the price
7) prospect / influenced would move next / offered them a reward / if their

forecasts came true
8) opposite / reasoning
4) Mayraz had also divided his participants into two
9) determined / belonged / affected
categories
5) Farmers would be paid extra / if wheat prices were high
40번
/ Bakers would earn a bonus / if wheat was cheap
6) the subjects might earn two separate payments / one
1) 한 연구에서 행동 경제학자인 Guy Mayraz는 시간이 지나
for an accurate forecast, and a bonus / if the price of
면서 오르내린 가격에 대한 도표들을 자신의 실험 대상자
wheat moved in their direction
들에게 보여 주었다.
7) Mayraz found that the prospect of the bonus influenced
2) 그 도표들은 사실 주식 시장에서의 과거 변동에 관한 것이
the forecast itself.
었으나 Mayraz는 사람들에게 그 도표들이 밀 가격에서의
8) The farmers hoped and predicted that the price of
최근의 변동을 보여 준다고 말했다.
wheat would rise. / They let their hopes influence their
3) 그는 각각의 사람에게 가격이 다음에 어디로 움직일지를
reasoning.
예측하도록 요청했으며, 그들의 예측이 실현되면 그들에게
9) When participants were asked to predict the price
보상을 제공했다.
change of wheat / their wish for where the price would
4) 그러나 Mayraz는 또한 자신의 참가자들을 ‘농부’와 ‘제빵사’
go / which was determined by the group they
라는 두 개의 범주로 나누었다.
belonged to
5) 농부들은 밀 가격이 높으면 추가 보상을 받을 것이었다. 제
빵사들은 밀이 저렴하면 보너스를 받을 것이었다.
40번
6) 따라서 실험 대상자들은 두 개의 별개의 보상을 받았을지
도 모르는데, 즉 정확한 예측에 대한 보상과 밀의 가격이
1) (D) - (C) - (A) - (B)
자신들의 방향으로 움직이게 될 경우의 보너스였다.
7) Mayraz는 보너스에 대한 기대가 예측 자체에 영향을 미쳤
음을 발견했다. 40번
8) 농부들은 밀의 가격이 올라갈 것이라고 희망했고 ‘예측했 Part 7. 영작 연습
다.’ 제빵사들은 그 반대를 희망했고 ‘예측했다.’ 그들은 자 1) showed his experimental subjects graphs of a price
신들의 희망이 추론에 영향을 미치게 했다. rising and falling
9) 참가자들이 밀의 가격 변동을 예측하도록 요청받았을 때, 2) The graphs were / of past changes / told people that
가격이 어디로 이동할 것인가에 대한 그들의 희망은 자신 the graphs showed recent changes in the price of wheat
들이 속했던 집단에 의해 정해졌고 이(희망)는 그들의 예측 3) He asked each person to predict where the price would
에 영향을 미쳤다. move next / offered them a reward / their forecasts
came true
40번 4) had / divided his participants into two categories
Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습 5) Farmers would be paid extra / wheat prices were high
1) showed Bakers would earn a bonus / wheat was cheap
2) that / recent 6) the subjects might earn two separate payments: one for
an accurate forecast / the price of wheat moved
3) to predict
7) found that the prospect of the bonus influenced the
4) divided / categories
forecast itself
5) be
8) The farmers hoped and predicted that the price of
6) accurate / moved
- 250 -
wheat would rise. / They let their hopes influence their 때문에, 동물들은 이것들에 주의를 기울이도록 진화했다.
reasoning. 7) 만약 여러분과 내가 세렌게티의 한 쌍의 사자이고 우리가
9) participants were asked to predict the price change of 가장 강한 사자를 결정하려 한다면, 우리 둘 다 싸움에 곧
wheat, their wish for where the price would go, which 바로 뛰어드는 것이 가장 어리석은 일일 것이다.
was determined by the group they belonged to 8) 우리 각자가 힘을 과시하는 것, 즉 어떻게 자신의 승리가
불가피한지에 대한 ‘이야기’를 하는 것이 훨씬 낫다.
41~42번 9) 그 이야기들 중 하나가 다른 쪽보다 훨씬 더 설득력이 있
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) 다면, 우리는 실제로 싸우지 않고도 그 결과에 동의할 수

있을지도 모른다.
1) 거주한다 / 생각할
2) 작동하 / 설계되 / 부인하
3) 자연 선택 / 주의를 기울일 / 를 물려주 / 진화 / 주의를 41~42번
기울이는 Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
4) 싸움 / 직면할 / 에 뛰어들 1) that / where
5) 신호를 보내 / 부풀리 / 포효하 / 드러낸다 2) to do / they are
6) 항해하 3) given / that / are / because / that / have been
7) 어리석은 4) Think / what
8) 을 과시하 / 승리 / 불가피한 5) what
9) 설득력이 있 / 에 동의할 6) to be
7) be
41~42번 8) It / for
Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) 9) is / the other
1) populate / imagine
2) deny / work / designed 41~42번
3) Evolution / alert / natural selection / attend / passing Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)
on 1) Stories populate our lives. If you are not a fan of
4) face / conflict / plunge into stories, you might imagine that the best world is a
5) signal / puff up / roar / bare world without them, where we can only see the facts in
6) navigate front of us.
7) unwise 2) to do this is to deny / how our brains work / how they
8) make a show of / victory / inevitable are designed to work
9) convincing / agree on 3) Evolution has given us minds / that are alert to stories
and suggestion / minds that can attend to stories have
been more successful / at passing on their owners’
41~42번
genes
4) Think about what happens / when animals face one
1) 이야기는 우리의 삶에 거주한다. 만약 여러분이 이야기의
another in conflict / They rarely plunge into battle
팬이 아니라면, 여러분은 가장 좋은 세상이란 그것들이 없
5) they first try to signal / what the outcome of the battle
는, 우리가 우리 앞에 있는 사실들만 볼 수 있는 세상이라
is going to be
고 생각할지도 모른다.
6) Animals evolved to attend to stories and signals because
2) 그러나 이렇게 하는 것은 우리의 뇌가 어떻게 작동하는지,
these turn out to be an efficient way to navigate the
즉 어떻게 그것들이 작동하도록 ‘설계되어’ 있는지를 부인
world.
하는 것이다.
7) If you and I were a pair of lions / we were trying to
3) 수십만 년의 자연 선택을 거쳐, 이야기에 주의를 기울일 수
decide the strongest lion / it would be most unwise /
있는 머리가 그들 주인의 유전자를 물려주는 것에 더 성공
to plunge straight into a conflict
해 왔기 때문에, 진화는 우리에게 이야기와 암시에 주의를
8) It is far better for each of us to make a show of
기울이는 머리를 주어 왔다.
strength, to tell the story of how our victory is
4) 예를 들어 동물들이 싸움에서 서로를 직면할 때 무슨 일이
inevitable.
일어나는지 생각해 보아라. 그것들은 좀처럼 즉시 전투에
9) If one of those stories is much more convincing than
뛰어들지 않는다.
the other / we might be able to agree on the outcome
5) 아니, 그것들은 먼저 전투의 ‘결과’가 무엇이 될지 온갖 종
류의 방법으로 신호를 보내려 애를 쓴다. 그것들은 가슴을
잔뜩 부풀리고, 포효하며, 송곳니를 드러낸다.
41~42번
6) 이야기와 신호가 세상을 항해하는 효율적인 방법이 되기 Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)
- 251 -
1) (A) - (C) - (B) - (D) 8) paying attention to

9) However
41~42번 10) brought tears to Jennifer’s eyes / as well
Part 7. 영작 연습 11) scene / entirely
1) you are not a fan of stories, you might imagine that the 12) selfless
best world is a world without them, where / see the 13) in trouble / struggling
facts in front of us
2) is to deny how our brains work, how they are designed 43~45번
to work Part 3. 해석 연습
3) has given us minds that are alert to stories and 1) Jennifer는 집으로 가던 중이었다. 그녀는 커피를 사기 위해
suggestion / that can attend to stories have been more 주유소에 들르기로 결정했다.
successful at passing on their owners’ genes 2) 그녀가 자신의 커피값을 지불한 후에 그녀는 자신의 차로
4) Think about what happens / animals face one another in 돌아 왔는데 그녀가 차의 시동을 걸기 전에 그녀는 건물
conflict / plunge into battle 앞 바깥에서 서 있는 한 여자를 알아챘다.
5) try to signal / what the outcome of the battle is going 3) 그녀(Jennifer)는 여자의 겉모습으로 보아 그녀가 노숙자였
to be They puff up their chests, they roar / they bare 음을 알 수 있었다. 그녀의 옷은 닳았고 그녀는 거죽과 뼈
their fangs 만 남아 있었다.
6) evolved to attend to stories and signals / these turn out 4) ‘그녀가 먹을 것을 사기 위한 충분한 돈을 가지고 있지 않
to be an efficient way to navigate the world 았음이 틀림없어.’ Jennifer는 그녀에게 동정심을 느끼며 혼
7) you and I were a pair of lions / we were trying to 자 생각했다.
decide the strongest lion, it would be most unwise 5) 갑자기 한 마리 개가 건물 앞으로 걸어갔다. 개를 사랑하는
8) It is far better for each of us to make a show of 사람이어서 Jennifer는 그 개가 저먼 셰퍼드라는 것을 알아
strength / how our victory is inevitable 챘다.
9) one of those stories is much more convincing than the 6) 그녀는 또한 그 개가 어미라는 것을 알 수 있었는데, 왜냐
other, we might be able to agree on the outcome 하면 누구나 그녀가 강아지들에게 젖을 먹여 왔음을 알아
차릴 수 있었기 때문이었다.
43~45번 7) 그 개는 먹을 것을 너무나 필요로 하고 있었고 그녀
Part 1. 빈칸 연습 (한글) (Jennifer)는 그녀에게 너무나 안쓰러움을 느꼈다. 그녀는
1) 주유소 만약 그 개가 곧 먹지 않는다면, 그녀와 그녀의 강아지들

이 살아남을 수 없을지도 모른다는 것을 알았다.
2) 알아챘다
8) Jennifer는 자신의 차에 앉아서 개를 쳐다보았다. 그녀는 사
3) 노숙자
람들이 개에게 관심을 보이지 않고 지나가는 것을 알아챘다.
4) 동정심
그러나 그럼에도 그녀(Jennifer)는 어떤 것도 하지 않았다.
5) 으로 걸어갔다
9) 하지만 누군가는 했다. Jennifer가 생각하기에 스스로에게
6) 젖을 먹여
어떤 먹을 것도 사줄 돈이 없었던 노숙자 여자가 가게에
7) 너무나 / 살아남
들어갔다.
8) 에게 관심을 보이
10) 그리고 그녀가 했던 것이 Jennifer가 눈물을 흘리게 했다.
9) 하지만
그녀는 가게에 들어가서 개의 먹이 한 캔을 샀고 그 개에
10) Jennifer가 눈물을 흘리게 했다 / 또한
게 먹였다. 그녀(the homeless woman)는 또한 그것을 하
11) 장면 / 완전히 면서 매우 행복해 보였다.
12) 이타적인 11) 그 장면을 본 것이 Jennifer의 삶을 완전히 바꾸었다. 실은
13) 곤경에 처한 / 애쓰 그날은 어머니날이었다.
12) 그녀(Jennifer)에게 이타적인 베풂과 사랑이 무엇인지를 보
43~45번 여 주기에 한 명의 노숙자 여자가 필요했다.
Part 2. 빈칸 연습 (영문) 13) 그날 이후로 Jennifer는 곤경에 처한 사람들, 특히 아이들
1) gas station 을 키우기 위해 애쓰는 엄마들을 도와오고 있다. 노숙자
2) noticed 여자가 Jennifer를 더 나은 사람으로 만들었다.
3) homeless
4) pity 43~45번
5) walked up to Part 4. 어법 선택형 연습
6) feeding 1) to stop
7) terribly / make it 2) paid / got
- 252 -
3) that Part 7. 영작 연습
4) had / feeling 1) decided to stop at a gas station to get coffee
5) Being / that 2) she paid for her coffee, she got back into her car / she
6) because / feeding noticed a woman standing outside
7) bad 3) could tell that the woman was homeless by her
8) looking / walking appearance Her clothes were worn / she was nothing
9) did / who but skin and bones
10) what / had / happy 4) She must have not had / to get something to eat /
11) Watching thought to herself, feeling pity for her
12) It / what 5) a dog walked up to the front of the building Being /
13) has / struggling / to raise noticed that the dog was

6) tell that the dog was a mother / anyone could notice
that she had been feeding puppies.
43~45번
7) in need of something to eat / she felt so bad for her /
the dog didn’t eat / she and her puppies would not
1) Jennifer was on her way home. / She decided to stop at
make it
a gas station
8) looking at the dog / people were walking by without
2) After she paid for her coffee / she got back into her
paying attention to the dog / did not do anything
car / before she started it / she noticed a woman
9) someone did / who Jennifer thought did not have
standing outside
money to buy herself anything to eat
3) She could tell that the woman was homeless / Her
10) what she did brought tears to Jennifer’s eyes She had
clothes were worn / she was nothing but skin and
gone into the store, bought a can of dog food / fed
bones
that dog She looked so happy to do it
4) She must have not had enough money to get
11) Watching the scene changed Jennifer’s life
something to eat. Jennifer thought to herself, feeling
12) It took a homeless woman to show her what selfless
pity for her.
giving and love is.
5) a dog walked up to the front of the building / Being a
13) has helped people in trouble / struggling to raise
dog lover, Jennifer noticed that the dog was a German
children The homeless woman made Jennifer a better
Shepherd.
person.
6) She could also tell that the dog was a mother, because
anyone could notice that she had been feeding puppies.
7) The dog was terribly in need of something to eat / she
felt so bad for her / She knew if the dog didn’t eat /
she and her puppies would not make it
8) She noticed that people were walking by / without
paying attention to the dog
9) who Jennifer thought did not have money / to buy
herself anything to eat
10) what she did brought tears to Jennifer’s eyes / She
had gone into the store / bought a can of dog food /
She looked so happy to do it
11) Watching the scene changed Jennifer’s life
12) It took a homeless woman to show her what selfless
giving and love is.
13) Jennifer has helped people in trouble / mothers
struggling to raise children / The homeless woman
made Jennifer a better person.
43~45번
1) (B) - (A) - (E) - (C) - (D)
43~45번
- 253 -
- 254 -

2021 2 11 8 Workbook

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2021년 고2 11월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 8단계 WORKBOOK

영문과 해석을 읽으며 문장의 의미를 파악합니다.

To whom it may concern, 관계자분께,

제 아들이 학교에 걸어가는 데는 거의 한

영문을 보고 우리말 해석의 빈칸을 완성하시오.

1. To whom it may concern,

7. I urge the council to listen to the concerns of the community.

우리말 해석을 보고 영문의 빈칸을 완성하시오.

2. 이것은 우리 지역에서 이용할 수 있는 유일한 대중교통이며 많은 학생들에 의해 이용됩니다.2)

3. 최근 저는 시 의회가 이 서비스를 중단하는 것을 계획하고 있다고 들었습니다.3)

4. 제 남편과 저는 아침 일찍 일을 시작하며 이 점이 저희가 아들을 학교에 태워다주는 것을 불가능하

5. 제 아들이 학교에 걸어가는 데는 거의 한 시간이 걸릴 것이며 아침에는 교통량이 많아서 저는 자전

7. 저는 의회가 지역 사회의 우려를 경청할 것을 촉구하는 바입니다.

영어 문장을 읽고 한글 해석을 쓰시오.

1. To whom it may concern,

7. I urge the council to listen to the concerns of the community.

괄호 안에서 어법상 쓰임이 바른 것을 고르시오.

2. 이것은 우리 지역에서 이용할 수 있는 유일한 대중교통이며 많은 학생들에 의해 이용됩니다.2)

3. 최근 저는 시 의회가 이 서비스를 중단하는 것을 계획하고 있다고 들었습니다.3)

4. 제 남편과 저는 아침 일찍 일을 시작하며 이 점이 저희가 아들을 학교에 태워다주는 것을 불가능하

5. 제 아들이 학교에 걸어가는 데는 거의 한 시간이 걸릴 것이며 아침에는 교통량이 많아서 저는 자전

7. 저는 의회가 지역 사회의 우려를 경청할 것을 촉구하는 바입니다.

Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)

다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 바르게 배열하시오.

2. 이것은 우리 지역에서 이용할 수 있는 유일한 대중교통이며 많은 학생들에 의해 이용됩니다.2)

3. 최근 저는 시 의회가 이 서비스를 중단하는 것을 계획하고 있다고 들었습니다.3)

4. 제 남편과 저는 아침 일찍 일을 시작하며 이 점이 저희가 아들을 학교에 태워다주는 것을 불가능하

5. 제 아들이 학교에 걸어가는 데는 거의 한 시간이 걸릴 것이며 아침에는 교통량이 많아서 저는 자전

7. 저는 의회가 지역 사회의 우려를 경청할 것을 촉구하는 바입니다.

Part 6. 순서배열 연습 (문단)

다음 주어진 문단을 바르게 배열하시오.

◆ 다음 글을 흐름상 알맞게 배열하시오.1)

To whom it may concern,

___________ → ___________ → ___________

다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 순서대로 사용하여 영작하시오.

a parent, who, take, commute

2. 이것은 우리 지역에서 이용할 수 있는 유일한 대중교통이며 많은 학생들에 의해 이용됩니다.2)

this, only, transport, available, use, many

3. 최근 저는 시 의회가 이 서비스를 중단하는 것을 계획하고 있다고 들었습니다.3)

hear, that, council, plan, discontinue

4. 제 남편과 저는 아침 일찍 일을 시작하며 이 점이 저희가 우리 아들을 학교에 태워다주는 것을 불가

start, work, this, make, it, drop, son, at

5. 제 아들이 학교에 걸어가는 데는 거의 한 시간이 걸릴 것이며 아침에는 교통량이 많아서 저는 자전

7. 저는 의회가 지역 사회의 우려들을 경청할 것을 촉구하는 바입니다.

urge, listen, the concern

영문과 해석을 읽으며 문장의 의미를 파악합니다.

영문을 보고 우리말 해석의 빈칸을 완성하시오.

우리말 해석을 보고 영문의 빈칸을 완성하시오.

1. 어느 금요일 오후 Ted는 인사과의 부사장에게 호출되었다. Ted는 기대감에 차 밝게 웃으며 앉았다.1)

2. 오늘은 중요한 날이었으며 이 만남은 그의 경력에 있어 전환점을 찍게 될 것이었다!2)

4. “Ted, 이런 말을 하기가 쉽지는 않네요.” Ted는 돌연 이 만남이 자신이 예상했던 대로 되지는 않을

5. 부사장은 계속해서 말을 이어 나갔다. “Ted, 당신이 이번 승진을 간절히 원해 왔다는 것을 알고 있지

6. Ted는 얼어붙은 채 그저 그곳에 앉아 있었다. 그는 마치 트럭에 치인 것 같은 기분이었다. ‘당황하지

7. 그가 할 수 있었던 전부라고는 그 문장을 계속해서 자신에게 되풀이하는 것뿐이었다.7)

영어 문장을 읽고 한글 해석을 쓰시오.

괄호 안에서 어법상 쓰임이 바른 것을 고르시오.

1. 어느 금요일 오후 Ted는 인사과의 부사장에게 호출되었다. Ted는 기대감에 차 밝게 웃으며 앉았다.1)

2. 오늘은 중요한 날이었으며 이 만남은 그의 경력에 있어 전환점을 찍게 될 것이었다!2)

4. “Ted, 이런 말을 하기가 쉽지는 않네요.” Ted는 돌연 이 만남이 자신이 예상했던 대로 되지는 않을

5. 부사장은 계속해서 말을 이어 나갔다. “Ted, 당신이 이번 승진을 간절히 원해 왔다는 것을 알고 있지

6. Ted는 얼어붙은 채 그저 그곳에 앉아 있었다. 그는 마치 트럭에 치인 것 같은 기분이었다. ‘당황하지

7. 그가 할 수 있었던 전부라고는 그 문장을 계속해서 자신에게 되풀이하는 것뿐이었다.7)

Part 5. 순서배열 연습 (문장)

_____ → _ → _______

_____ → _ → _ → _____

_____ → _ → _______