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Historical Review on Political Participation of


Chinese Overseas in Southeast Asia

Cao Yunhua

Abstract: The racial relation is the central point of Chinese Overseas in Southeast Asia is-
sues. As a minority nationality ( except Singapore) , Southeast Asian ethnic Chinese can' t built a suitable
relationship with local people and solve the problems which have troubled the ethnic Chinese society for a
long time, can't really live and work in peace and contentment, can't build the common homeland with
local people in Southeast Asia, except they actively participate in the political life of the country they live
in and merge into the main stream of local political life. This article mainly investigates the historical pro-
cess of political participation of southeast Asian ethnic Chinese. In early stages, The Southeast Asian eth-
nic Chinese seldom participate in the local government and political affairs, but it does not mean that they
has nothing to do with it, for instance, Ja Bi Dan, Lan Fang Company. Of course, it's strictly not the
true political pruticipation, but only the sprout of modern political participation.
Key Words : Chinese Overseas in Southeast Asia political participation interest groups

(C)1994-2022 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net

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