**Class: Advanced Quantum Mechanics**

**Date: June 5, 2024**

**Topic: Quantum Entanglement and Bell's Theorem**

**Key Concepts Covered:**

1. **Introduction to Quantum Entanglement:**

- Definition: Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where the quantum states of two or more objects
become correlated in such a way that the state of one object cannot be described independently of the
state of the others, even when the objects are separated by large distances.
- Example: The classic example of entanglement involves two particles, such as photons, whose
properties become correlated after being generated together and then separated.

2. **Bell's Theorem:**
- Proposed by physicist John S. Bell in 1964, Bell's theorem is a fundamental concept in quantum
mechanics that addresses the phenomenon of entanglement.
- Bell's theorem states that no physical theory of local hidden variables can ever reproduce all of the
predictions of quantum mechanics.
- Experimentally, Bell's theorem has been confirmed through various tests of Bell inequalities,
demonstrating the non-local nature of quantum entanglement.

3. **Implications of Quantum Entanglement:**

- Quantum teleportation: Entanglement can be used to transfer the state of one quantum system to
another, a process known as quantum teleportation.
- Quantum cryptography: Entanglement forms the basis for secure communication protocols such as
quantum key distribution, which relies on the principles of quantum mechanics to ensure the security of
transmitted information.

**Additional Notes:**
- Quantum entanglement is a key feature of many thought experiments in quantum mechanics, including
the famous Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox.
- Understanding entanglement and Bell's theorem is essential for grasping the non-intuitive aspects of
quantum mechanics and has profound implications for the development of quantum technologies.

**Homework Assignment:**
- Research a real-world application of quantum entanglement and summarize how it utilizes the principles
discussed in today's class.