Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Ministry of Agriculture

Ethiopian Food Systems Resilience Program (FSRP)

Program Implementation Manual
(PIM)

Draft
Addis Ababa
November 2021
 Abbreviations and Acronyms
AA Addis Ababa
ACC Agricultural commercialization clusters
ADPLACs Agriculture Development Partners Linkage Advisory Councils
AEZs Agro Ecological Zones
AGP Agricultural Growth Program
AI Artificial Insemination
AMD Agricultural Machinery Directorate
AMIS Agricultural Market Information System
ATA Agriculture Transformation Agency
ATVET Agricultural Technical and Vocational Educational Training
AWP&B Annual Work Plan & Budget
B2B Business to Business
BMC Bridge Management Committee
BoA Bureau of Agriculture
BoIPA Bureau of Irrigation Pastoral Areas
BoWR Bureau of Water Resource
BRC British Retail Consortium
CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program
CAHWs Community Animal Health Workers
CBMS Commission-based output marketing system
CBSPs Community Based Seeds and forage Production groups
CD Conservation Demonstration
CIG Common Interested Groups
CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
CLPP Community Led Planning Process
COVID-19 Corona Virus
CRGE Climate Resilience Green Economy
CSA Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia
CSA Climate Smart Agriculture
CSZ Commodity Specialization Zones
CU Coordination Unit
DA Development Agents
DNA Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
DP Development Partners
DSM Direct Seed Marketing
DUS Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability

i
DzARC Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center
EABC Ethiopia Agricultural Business Corporation
EARC Ethiopian Agricultural Research Council
EARCS Ethiopian Agricultural Research Council & Secretariat
EGS Early generation seed
EIAR Ethiopian Institute Agricultural Research
ESA Environmental and Social Assessment
ESIA Environment Social Impact Assessment
ESMF Environment Social Management Framework
ESMP Environment Social Management Plan
ESS Environmental and Social Standards
EthioSIS Ethiopian Soil Information System
EU European Union
EVS Ethiopia Veterinary Services
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FAW Fall Army Worm
FCA Federal Cooperative Agency
FCU Federal Coordination Unit
FHH Female Headed Household
FM Financial Management
FPCU Federal Program Coordination Unit
FREGs Farmer Research and Extension Groups
FSC Federal Steering Committee
FSRP Food System Resilience Program
FSRP CU Food System Resilience Program Coordination Unit
FTC Farmer Training Centre
FTC MC Farmer Training Centre Management Committee
FVC Food Value Chains
GAP Good Agricultural Practices
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GHG Green House Gases
GIS Geographic Information System
GoE Government of Ethiopia
GOT Growing Out Test
GPS Global Positioning System
GTP Growth Transformation Plan
HA Hectare
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
HLIs Higher Learning Institution
HP Horse Power

ii
IAIPs Integrated agro-industrial parks
IAs Implementation Agencies
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICB International Competitive Bidding
ICRISAT International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
ICT Information Communication Technology
IDA International Development Association
IDA International Development Association
ILRI International Livestock Research Institute
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IPPC International Plant Protection Convention
ISF Irrigation Service Fee
ISFM Integrated Soil Fertility Management
ISO International Organization for Standard
ISTA International Seed Trade Association
IT Information Technology
IWUAs Irrigation Water users Associations
JRIS Joint Review and Implementation Support
KDC Kebele Development Committee
LMP Livestock Master Plan
LNP Liquid Nitrogen Plants
LSD Large Scale Demonstration
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MCMC Market Center Management Committee
MDTF Multi – Donor Trust Fund
ME & L Monitoring Evaluation and Learning
MEL Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning
MFI Micro Finance Institution
MHH Male House Hold
MHI Micro and Household Irrigation
MHIS Micro and Household Irrigation Systems
MIS Management Information System
MoA Ministry of Agriculture
MoF Ministry of Finance and Economic Development
MoH Ministry of Health
MoT Ministry of Trade
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MSc Master of science
MSE Micro and Small Enterprises
MSHI Micro Scale and Household Irrigation

iii
MSP Multiple Stakeholder Platform
MTR Mid Term Review
MUS Multiple-Use water
NADSS National Animal Disease Surveillance System
NAGII National Animal Genetic Improvement Institute
NAHDIC National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Centre
NARS National Agricultural research system
NBE National Bank of Ethiopia
NCB National Competitive Bidding
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NNP National Nutrition Program
NPKS Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Sulfur
NPS Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur compound fertilizer
NPSB Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Compound Fertilizer
NPT National Performance Trial
NRM Natural Resource Management
NSA Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture
O&M Operations and Maintenance
OARI Oromia Agricultural Research Institute
OFAG Office of the Federal Auditor General
OIE Office International des Epizooties (World Organization for Animal Health)
OSS One Stop Shop
PCs Program Coordinators
PCs Producers Cooperatives
PCU Program Coordination Unit
PDO Program Development Objective
PGPR Plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria
PH Potential of H+ activity
PHD Philosophical Dissertation
PIM Program Implementation Manual
PIST Project Implementation Support Team
PLC Private Limited Company
PM&E Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation
PME Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation
PMP Pest Management Plan
PMSS Pest Management Support Service Providers
PPCP Public-private-community partnerships
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PPP Public-Private-Partnership
PPSD Project Procurement Strategy for Development

iv
PRA Pest Risk Analysis
PSNP Productive Safety Net Program
PV Photovoltaic
PVP Plant Variety Protection
PVRP Plant Variety Release and Protection
QTL Quantitative trait loci
RARI Regional Agricultural Research Institutions
RBoA Regional Bureau of Agriculture
RBoT Regional Bureau of Trade
RCC
RCP Regional Cooperative Promotion
RCPA Regional Cooperative Promotion Agency
RCSQAC Regional Construction Supervision and Quality Assurance Committee
RFDAC Regional Feasibility study and Design Approval Committee
RFP Request for Proposal
RIA Regional Implementing Agency
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
RRSCCU Regional Research Sub Component Coordination Unit
RSC Regional Steering Committee
RSCCU Research Sub Component Coordination Unit
RTC Regional Technical Committee
RTCs Rural Transformation Centers
RUSACCO Rural Savings and Credit Cooperative
RVS Regional veterinary services
RVLs Regional Veterinary Laboratories
RWH Rain Water Harvesting
SA Social Assessment
SBD Standard Bidding Document
SBMC Small Bridge Management Committee
SC Steering Committee
SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan
SHF Small Holder Farmers
SHFI Soil Health Fertility Improvement
SHFID Soil Health and Fertility Improvement Directorate
SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises
SMS Subject Matter Specialists
SNNPR Southern Nations Nationalities and People’s Regions
SOP ??
SQC Seed Quality Control
SWC Soil and Water Conservation

v
SSC Self-Seed Certification
SSI Small Scale Irrigation
SSID Small Scale Irrigation Development
SSP Spray Service Providers
STC Short Term Consultant
STEP Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in Procurement
TA Technical Assistant
TAD Trans-boundary Animal Disease
TC Technical Committee
TNA Training Need Assessment
ToT Training of Trainers
TTL Task Team Leader
UN United Nations
USD United States Dollar
VC Value Chain
WB World Bank
WDC Woreda Development Committee
WHO World Health Organization
WoA Woreda Office of Agriculture
WOFED Woreda Office of Finance and Economic Development
WRS Warehouse Receipts System
WSC Woreda Steering Committee
WUA Water Users Association
ZoA Zonal Office of Agriculture
ZTC Zonal Technical Committee

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Sub component 1.2 Transforming agricultural Technology Generation and Research
System (USD 66,000,334.00)
Overview

Raising agricultural production and productivity levels and reducing their variability are essential
aspects to accelerate food systems transformation and development; improve food security and
ensure food system sustainability. Improved agricultural technologies and knowledge are the key
pillars of mitigating constraints in agricultural productivity which will be needed to transform the
sector and increase overall productivity so that it can produce sufficient food to feed the
population, ensure food and nutrition security, import substitution, environmental sustainability,
development of agro-industries and meet the demand for agricultural raw materials. Thus, the
first sub-sub component focuses on generating innovative agricultural technologies and
information that can enhance food and agriculture supply through increasing production and
productivity of crop, livestock and natural resources while the other two sub-sub components
create enabling environment for technology generation and adoption.

Under AGP-II several agricultural technologies and knowledge have been adapted, generated
and disseminated to targeted farm households. These technologies/innovations significantly
contributed to the sustained increase of agricultural production and productivity. Accordingly,
FSRP will build on the rich experience of AGP-II and will further support the generation, pre-
scaling up of innovative technologies, build the capacity of the NARS and introduce new ideas to
improve partnership between the public and private sectors and diversify the Ethiopia
Agriculture Research System.
Therefore, the sub-sub-component aims to avail agricultural innovations and technologies that
can improve the food systems and address the growing demand for food through implementing
the following major interventions: a) Enhancing Agricultural Technology Generation and Source
Technology Production; b) Promoting Farmers Adoption of Research Technologies; and c)
Building capacities of research systems (public and private).
a. Enhancing agricultural technology generation and source technology production
The Program will support the adaptation, generation and production of improved and innovative
technologies, knowledge and information to enhance agricultural production and productivity of
selected value chain commodities and increase farmers’ incomes in the food and agriculture
sectors through implementing the following four interventions: i) Support selected Pipeline
agricultural technologies within wider research system; ii) Newly initiated adaptation and
generation of demand-driven technologies on high priority food commodities; iii) Source
Technology Production.

b. Promote Farmer’s Adoption of Research Agricultural Innovations through Pre-

extension Demonstration

7
Here the program is aimed to enhance the adoption of agricultural technologies through pre-
extension demonstration of newly recommended/released agricultural technologies, extending
the accepted technologies to large-scale demonstrations to show impact, establishing Commodity
Specialization Zones (CSZs) and establishing a strong linkage between stakeholders. To realize
these, the following two groups of activities are supported and implemented: i) On-farm
demonstration of new agricultural technologies; ii) Promotion of agricultural technologies to
urban and peri-urban; iii) Development of e-information system.
c. Building capacities of research systems
Capacitating the physical and human capacity and rendering assistance to promote enabling
environment for the research system plays considerable role in generating and availing improved
agricultural technologies/innovations that can transform food systems and address the growing
demand for food. The capacity building will be conducted through: i) Human Capacity
Development; ii) Physical Capacity Building; and iii) Rolling out of new approaches introduced
through policy reform. The investment on physical research capacity and human capacity will be
based on a thorough assessment of the existing resources of the research system at federal and
regional levels.

All activities under this sub-sub-component are envisaged to be implemented by taking into
consideration of crosscutting issues such as nutrition, job creation in the food and agriculture
sectors, gender and climate smart agriculture.

8
Figure 1 Implementation process and flow of activities of the research sub sub-Component
1.2.1 Enhancing agricultural
technology generation & source
technology production
Adaptation & generation
of selected pipeline
technologies
o Preparation of list of potential
end stage verification trials
o Develop activity proposal
o Launch on-farm and on-
station trials
o Evaluate the candidate
technologies together with
other actors
o Release and register varieties
and recommend technologies
1.2.2 Promoting Farmers 1.2.3 Building capacities of
Adoption of Research research systems (public and
Technologies private)
 Identification of participant
Adaptation & generation farmers & CSZs, and
Physical and human
of demand-driven  Development of mobile app &
capacity building
technologies on value demonstration materials
chain commodities  Input preparation
 Technology delivery
 Demonstration & evaluation on
These flow of activities of the research sub component are
o Capacity need assessment &
o Based Participatory appraisal of farmers’ plots & FTCs prioritization
production problems (EIAR/RARIs) o Prepare implementation plan
linked with the overall CLPP process of the program
o Workshop on the survey documents o Implement activities
to identify critical research problems o Follow up for effective
o Research proposal developed and implementation
review workshop conducted for
approval/scrutiny
o Submission of Research
Plans/proposal to FPCU
o Implement upon approval o Assessment on gaps and
experiences
Scaling up of new o Develop guideline on pluralistic
agricultural research system
approaches introduced
o Prepare implementation plan
through policy reform o Implement capacity building
Source Technology activities
Production
Year 1
Annual National level Year 2
o Participatory need assessment review of
Regional level
o Maintenance of breeder seeds progress Year 3
o Produce source technologies & Commodity level
o Supply source technologies planning Year 4
o Follow up implementation meetings Research Centre
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
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The proposed sub-sub component will be implemented by research directorates of the national
and regional research institutes. At national level, the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural
Research (EIAR) and its research centers located in different agro-ecologies and at regional
level, the research centers under the beneficiary Regional Agricultural Research Institutes
(RARIs) will be the key implementers. The project implementation process of the research
activities is depicted in Figure 2 above and details of the implementation mechanisms are
elaborated in the sections that follow.

At both federal and regional levels, linkages will be established among the different stakeholders
in general and relevant development stakeholders in the other components and sub components
of FSRP in particular for successful implementation of the project. Moreover, the researchable
issues of emerging and re-emerging production constraints identified through ADPLAC for the
selected commodities of national and regional significance will be entertained.

1.2.1 Enhancing agricultural technology generation and source technology production

Agricultural technologies are the major driving force for sustainably increasing agricultural
production, productivity and quality, and hence substantially contribute to consumption of
nutritious and healthy foods. In addition, it contributes in fostering food quality, improve the
supply of raw materials for agro-industries, provide surplus for reduced food price, and create
employment opportunity. The program will support the adaptation, generation and multiplication
of improved and innovative agricultural technologies to enhance the productivity of selected
value chain commodities.
1.2.1.1 Support the adaptation & generation of selected pipeline technologies
Supporting the release of pipeline technologies to the agricultural extension system is vital to
contribute towards achieving sustainable increase in agricultural productivity and production. It
mainly focuses in supporting the release of selected pipeline technologies, knowledge and
information from end stage trials for wider evaluation in FSRP target areas focusing on the
selected value chain commodities. It will indeed guarantee the timely delivery of improved
technologies to other components and sub components of the program within a maximum of two
years). The support will create great opportunities to evaluate the pipeline technologies and
management options in wider areas to create confidence that wouldn’t otherwise be possible with
the limited budget release and evaluation in limited areas. Under this, the Program will support
the accelerated release of the following pre-identified in pipeline (crop, plant protection,
livestock, natural resource management, food and nutrition, and agri. mechanization)
technologies.
A. Pipeline crop Technology Generation/Adaptation
The pipeline technology generation/adaptation stages under this include multi-location
performance trials and/or verification trials. The approach facilitates rapid deployment of crop &

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coffee technologies in shorter time possible to mainstream in the impact pathways. Therefore,
taking the value chain commodities in to consideration, the crop sector focus on:
 Advanced pipeline product promotion and release for fast-track technologies
deployment
 Pre-verification of pipeline candidate varieties at different agroecological
locations for feedback from end users
 Technology shopping, evaluation/validation and adaptation to mitigate some of
the gaps that are not well addressed by the research system

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 B. Pipeline plant protection technology generation/adaptation
Though significant achievements have been made on plant protection research, emerging, re-
emerging and endemic pests continue to challenge Ethiopian agriculture. Threats by invasive
pests emerge as a result of poor monitoring and identification of pests, absence of strong national
pest management support service, loose internal and external quarantine system among others
are the main causes for frequent pest outbreaks and introduction of new pests. Addressing these
issues will significantly improve the output of the research, and thus, plant protection research
will focus on:
 Product development (Bio-pesticide, polyclonal antibody): Bio-pesticide
formulation for the prevention of pest epidemics, outbreak and invasion.
 Biosystematics and pest diagnosis for rapid and accurate diagnoses of
economically important insect pests, plant pathogens, and noxious weeds.
C. Pipeline livestock technology generation/adaptation
The livestock research envisions development, evaluation, demonstration and scaling up of
appropriate climate smart livestock technologies that will ensure improvement of smallholder
farmers’ livelihood.
 Dairy breed improvement, management, feeding and processing
 Chicken improvement and management to develop productive and tropically
adaptive dual-purpose chicken breeds that are suitable under different production
systems
 Feeds and Nutrition: develop and evaluate different improved forage varieties
with their production and utilization packages for different agro-ecologies, and
evaluate different feeding strategies and nutritional management packages (crop
residue treatment, feed processing, ration formulation with locally available feed
ingredients, supplementation strategies)
 Fisheries and aquaculture which will focus on the development and evaluation of
appropriate technologies applicable under aquaculture conditions and determine
the growth of different breeds of fish under different management conditions
 Animal health on designing suitable health packages which address poultry and
dairy farms with the objective of identifying and enhancing the prevention and
control of major dairy and poultry diseases.
 Beekeeping and Management: The focus will be on improving the productivity of
bee colonies through development of modern beekeeping practices.
D. Pipeline Natural Resource Management Technology Generation/Adaptation
Adequate management of natural resources (water, soils, grazing lands and vegetation) provide
the necessary foundation for sustainable agricultural production and rural economies.
Understanding and improving the weak points and learning to transform challenges into
opportunities is vital to enhance the generation, development and adaptation of technologies and

12
management options to meet the envisioned food and nutrition security targets, and overall
growth and transformation of the economy, therefore, the interventions here will be:
 Improving inorganic fertilizers use efficiency through different management
practices to sustain improved yield and environmental integrity
 Alternative organic fertilizer sources and nutrient cycling for agricultural
production and soil health improvement
 Integrated soil fertility management technologies and practices tailored to crop
and soil types, agro ecologies and socio-economic situation of the target farming
communities.
 Introduction, development and evaluation of N-fixing bio-fertilizer products to
improve the production of selected pulse crops.
 Amelioration and utilization of acidic soils by applying acid soil management
technologies and practices for improving soil health and crop production &
productivity.
 Evaluation of lime and organic source (manure/compost/vermicompost) applicator
to reduce workload of children and women and hence improve acceptance of the
lime and organic source use.
 Vertisols management technologies and options to sustainably improve crop
productivity.
 Introduction, evaluation and demonstration of efficient motorized mobile well
drilling machine for smallholder farmers for shallow ground water harvesting to
increase land use efficiency of Vertisols.
 Evaluation of different irrigation methods, levels and systems for improved water
use efficiency and crop productivity.
 Introduction, evaluation and demonstration of different capacity solar pump for
irrigation water lifting for small scale irrigation development.
 Improving nutrient/fertilizer use efficiency for sustainable and environmentally
safe crop production in irrigated agriculture.
 Improving water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture for sustainable and
environmentally safe and increased production in irrigated agriculture.
 Evaluating locally adaptable physical, biological and bio-physical soil and water
conservation practices for erosion control and moisture retention.

E. Pipeline Food and Nutrition Technology Generation/Adaptation

The concept of nutrition-sensitive agriculture currently becomes a highly emerging issue due to
economic, health, and environmental concerns worldwide. The shift towards quality preference,
industrialization (agro-processing parks), agricultural clustering food habit, and value addition,
all call the importance of quality-based research outputs. Hence, the food science and nutrition
research is expected to contribute immensely to the national malnutrition reduction targets

13
through the development and promotion of novel nutritious food product technologies and
information. Therefore, the food and nutrition research pipeline technology generation will focus
on:

 Nutritional profiling and product making quality of agricultural products (crop, fruits
& vegetables and livestock)
 Development of alternative nutritious food products, such as formulation and
development of nutritionally enhanced food products.
 Post-harvest loss reduction/improvement at a different level of the value chain (on
farms, harvesting, storage, processing, packaging, distribution, and consumption) to
keep quality, reduce perishability and increase utilization of by-products (fruits,
vegetables, and livestock products-milk, meat, egg and fish-based products).
 Traditional/Ethno-cultural food improvement to promote local/home food
consumption and commercialization through identification and optimization of
traditional equipment and processing techniques as well as developing diversified
recipes.
 Food safety and shelf-life improvement for perishable food products via
development of starter culture for different food products, preservation technology,
metabolic and genomic characterization, and utilization of bio-preservatives
microbes.
F. Pipeline Agricultural Mechanization Technology Generation/Adaptation
The transition to mechanized agriculture has significant potential to improve labour productivity,
increase agricultural yields and reduce food loss due to inadequate storage facilities. Agricultural
mechanization also supports in creating avenues for value adding to the agricultural produce
there by increasing income, employment and providing high level nutrition to underprivileged
masses. Key elements of mechanization include increasing use of machinery such as tractors,
combine harvesters, milking machines, cold chain facilities, irrigation equipment, grain and
animal product storage and preservation systems including silos, vacuum packaging amongst
other technologies to support increased productivity and reduce food loss.
Thus, agricultural mechanization research will focus in availing prototype pipe line technologies
that can enhance production efficiency, reduce postharvest losses, and strengthen the capacity of
small and medium holder farmers, rural employment and income generation. These includes:
 Pre-harvest technologies (tractor drawn ridge-furrow maker for irrigated crops,
tractor drawn row planters, lime spreader, tractor drawn land leveler, engine
driven shallow well drilling machine).
 Postharvest handling & processing technologies (fruits and vegetables dryer,
onion storage structure, poultry and fish feed processing, fish meat preservation
facilities, chicken meat processing equipment, grain storage silo).

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Activities to accelerate the releases of pipeline agricultural technologies for all commodities
under this category (crop/coffee, livestock/forage, plant protection, food and nutrition, natural
resource management and agricultural mechanization) include:
 Preparation of list of potential end stage (crop/coffee, livestock/forage, plant protection, food
and nutrition, natural resource management and agricultural mechanization) activities from
existing research directories being run by the NARS entities;
 Identification of the potential activities that are anticipated to result in the development of
appropriate technologies for use by the beneficiaries of FSRP;
 Based on the quick activity reviews, developing an activity directory with detailed
description of follow-up actions. This will be undertaken by the national and regional
research institutes’ FSRP coordination units;
 Launch on-farm multi-location evaluation of the candidate technologies in the target areas of
FSRP with relevant stakeholders particularly Woreda and Zonal Bureaus of Agriculture, and
the target farming communities in the respective FSRP districts;
 Farmers and development agents in the specific FSRP Woredas will participate in
candidate technology evaluation in a manner which ensures considerations of cross-
cutting issues in technology selection (Job Creation, Gender, Nutrition and Climate Smart
Agriculture);
 The technologies will finally be evaluated, released and registered by concerned
regulatory bodies/directorates in the Federal MoA or recommended for the farming
communities by EIAR and RARIs depending on the nature of the technologies identified;
The technologies released/recommended will be finally demonstrated on farmers’ fields and
FTCs through FREGs or LSD under section 1.2.2 in collaboration with implementers of the other
components of FSRP to enhance their adoption and farm level economic impact.
1.2.1.2 Adaptation and generation of demand-driven technologies on value chain
commodities
In view of the emerging agricultural production challenges, sustained support to demand driven
and participatory technology generation in the area of crop, plant protection, livestock, natural
resource management, socio-economics, mechanization, climate and geospatial, food and
nutrition and biotechnology are crucial. Most research activities/technology generation in this
category might be based on assessment of farmers demand in the framework of FSRP objectives,
and selected value chain commodities and considering cross cutting issues (nutrition, gender and
climate, & job creation). For the moment, the following research issues are identified from
current observation and available information.

15
A. Crop technology generation/adaptation: The crop technology generation will focus
on:-
 Pre-breeding activities on key trait discovery and breeding source products
development to enhance widening genetic basis and enhance opportunities of
finding high value traits.
 Variety finger-printing to put in place vivacious diagnostic tool in the context of
semi-commercialization concepts.
 Development of optimized crop management technologies and cropping system.
B. Plant protection technology generation/adaptation: the research on plant protection
will focus on:-
 Determination of yield losses and economic threshold level of major pests to
quantify the extent and nature of damage attributed to that pest.
 Post-harvest quality loss analysis for major crops to improve the export market.
 Assessment of pesticide application and safety practices among farmers.
 Pest management technology to reduce the economic damage caused by plant
pests through producing pest-free planting material, cleaning farming equipment
and destroying weeds that are reservoirs of various pests or their vectors,
developing varieties of plants resistant cultivars …etc.
C. Livestock technology generation/adaptation: The livestock research will be on:-

 Dairy breed improvement, management, feeding and processing such as

characterization of indigenous cattle genetic resource, crossbreeding, dairy cows
selection suitable under smallholder & commercial production system,
synchronization protocol development, enhance milk and milk products quality,
safety, product diversification and reduced postharvest losses products,
 Chicken Management and Improvement; which will focus on identification,
introduction and evaluation/testing of adaptive commercial chicken breeds of
dual-purpose (layer, broiler) suitable for the poultry industry in Ethiopia,
 Animal feeds and Nutrition focusing on adaptation and evaluation of improved
forage varieties for different agro-ecologies, feeding strategies and nutritional
management packages,
 Fisheries and aquaculture to select and develop fish strain for sustainable
aquaculture and techniques to produce quality fish,
 Animal health management on molecular and serological diagnosis of infectious
Bovine Rehinotrachitis Virus (IBR) infection in dairy farms, detection and
profiling of salmonellosis and E. coli in poultry farms,
 Beekeeping and Management; on technologies that enhance the role of
beekeeping and food production, ecosystem conservation and resilience to climate

16
 change and improving bee product handling, diversification and
commercialization techniques for value addition and marketing.
D. Natural resource management technology generation/adaptation; the NRM research
technology generation will focus on:
 Validation of EthioSIS soil map to enrich the soil nutrient status map and advise
adequate fertilizer recommendation.
 Alternative organic sources recycling (solid waste management) for agricultural
production, soil amendment and health improvement.
 Agronomic bio-fortification for nutrition security for selected value chain crop
commodities.
 Assessment and mapping of subsoil and surface soil acidity for the development
and adaptation of adequate management options.
 Development and evaluation of management options for subsoil acidity to amend
subsoil acidity and improve crop production.
 Introduction, development and evaluation of different plant growth promoting
rhizo-bacteria (PGPR) for crop productivity improvement.
 Assessment and mapping of drainable and non-drainable Vertisols areas for
targeted management planning that can improve its productivity.
 Identify water logging and salinity hotspot areas for better management planning
in the existing and emerging irrigation schemes.
 Development and evaluation of salt affected soils management and reclamation
options, and expansion prevention techniques in the existing and the emerging
irrigation schemes.
 Evaluation of biological SWC Technologies and land rehabilitation practices for
their potential in carbon sequestration and enhancing crop productivity.
E. Agricultural mechanization technology generation/adaptation
Currently there is considerable interest among policymakers on import substitution of wheat
through irrigated production as well as by enhancing wheat productivity via properly draining
Vertisols both of which relies on mechanization technologies. Moreover, efforts of post-harvest
loss reduction, value addition of agricultural produce which increase income, employment and
mitigate food and nutrition insecurity all demands mechanization technologies. Thus, the
agricultural mechanization research will focus in generating technologies that can contribute for
the above-mentioned issues:
 Pre-harvest technologies (tractor drawn broad bed maker for un-drained Vertisols,
irrigation furrow and planting line spacing, small tractor driven hole digger for
coffee seedling, vertical agriculture framework, specific seed and fertilizer
placement).

17
  Postharvest handling technologies (farm equipment for Vegetables harvesting,
sorting, grading, packaging and transporting, fruit product handling technology).
F. Biotechnology technology generation/adaptation
Agricultural biotechnology plays a major role in supporting development of agricultural
technologies that are resilient (known for tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic
constraints), can be used for modernizing food and feed processing, industrial development and
enhance productivity, environmental sustainability and income of small holder farmers, thereby
contributing to food security and poverty reduction in the country.
Thus, the research focus under biotechnology will be on:
 Tissue culture protocol development for mass multiplication and maintenance of
selected value chain commodities (mainly hybrid coffee and avocado).
 Introduction and evaluation of genetically modified herbicide tolerant soybean.
 Gene identification and gene mapping for enhancing efficiency of conventional
breeding.
 Molecular identification and characterization of pathogens and disease
diagnostics.
 Development of business model for commercializing embryo production and
transfer for dairy cattle genetic improvement and multiplication.
 Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacterial and Yeast Starter Technology Development to
Modernize Traditional Dairy and Food Fermentations in Ethiopia.
 Identification of potential microbes that enhance stress tolerance and nutrient
uptake in crops.
G. Seed technology generation/adaptation
Strengthening the seed research in areas that identify and address seed multiplication and
delivery system and developing new seed quality test methods for the improvement of internal
quality assurance service is very vital. Thus, the following intervention areas are identified under
the seed research system:
 System analysis on selected value chain field and horticultural crops: and
assessment of seed replacement rate on quality and yield of value chain
commodities.
 Developing crop variety descriptors (morphological and seed quality) catalogue
for selected value chain commodities.
 Seed pre- and post-harvest management technology for field and horticultural
crops.
H. Socioeconomics technology generation/adaptation
The information generated by socio-economics is expected to facilitate the development of
evidence-based policies, as well as efficient and equitable markets. It also helps to examine the

18
interaction of various elements in the complex agricultural development process based on sound
and innovative research methods for research, extension, and policy-making decisions. The
information is hoped to enhance the internal efficiency of the researchers in the research system
as well as external efficiency of the stakeholder and policymakers thereby contributing towards
addressing current and emerging agricultural innovation and development challenges facing the
country. Therefore, the socio-economics research focus will be on:

 Adoption and Impact Study of Improved Agricultural Technologies for the

selected VC commodities.
 Assessment of Urban and Peri-urban Agricultural (UPA) farming systems,
practices, challenges, and opportunities.
 Assessments of the Performance of Small-scale Irrigation in the targeted woredas.
 Analysis of Value Chain and Agricultural Output and Input Marketing System for
the selected VC Commodities
 Evaluation of the performance of agricultural commercialization clusters (ACC).
 Evaluating incentive packages for addressing strategic agricultural productivity
challenges.
 Postharvest loss assessment for selected value chain commodity.
I. Climate and Geo-spatial technology generation/adaptation
The intervention under the climate and geo-spatial will focuses on generating Agro-climatic
advisory solutions and dissemination mechanisms that provide content and lessons for further
scaling up and the interventions are targeted to directly benefit the smallholder farmers.

 Development of agro-climate advisory solution through simulation modelling and

improvement of dissemination platform.
 Generation of land suitability maps at crop and varietal level and testing for web-
based advisory and dissemination.
 Employing research field geodatabase and enhanced statistics on historical and
big data to explore reliable crop management advisories.

The activities proposed under sections 1.2.1.1 and 1.2.1.2 will be implemented by the different
research centres under the national and regional research institutes. In the implementation of the
on-farm technology verification and piloting activities, the Woreda subject matter specialists,
development agents and farmers will be actively involved. Feedbacks from the farming
communities (both male and female farmers) and their preferences would be taken into
consideration in technology release and recommendation. To screen gender responsive
technologies, female farmers would actively participate in selecting best-bets of technologies
from their perspectives. Technologies released and recommended from these activities will be
tested further under section 1.2.2 to enhance their adoption rate.

19
Summary Table 1.2.1 Enhancing agricultural technology generation and source technology
production
Expected out puts and responsible Institutions

1.2.1 Enhancing agricultural technology generation and source technology production:

(1.2.1.1) Support the adaptation & generation of selected pipeline technologies
(1.2.1.2) Adaptation and generation of demand-driven technologies on value chain
commodities
Responsible Department / Organization: Directorates at EIAR and RARIs (Crop, Livestock,
Natural resource management, National soils laboratory, Agricultural Mechanization, Climate &
Geospatial, Biotechnology, Food Science, Socio-economic and Research-extension) and their
respective research centers, and FSRP Research Coordination Units under the EIAR and
RARIs;

Main Partners: - MoA and BoA at different levels

Supporting Implementing Organizations: Federal and regional FSRP coordination units of

MoA and BoA;

Outputs
 A total of 241 technologies and/or information are envisaged to be
released/recommended. They include:

121 technologies from selected pipeline research system

o 35 Crop and coffee technologies
o 21 Plant Protection technologies
o 20 Livestock technologies
o 22 Natural Resource technologies
o 13 Food and Nutrition technologies
o 10 Agri. Mechanization technologies

120 newly initiated adaptation and generation of demand-driven technologies on value

chain commodities
o 32 Crop and coffee technologies
o 20 Plant Protection technologies
o 16 Livestock technologies
o 19 Natural Resource Management technologies
o 8 Agri. Mechanization technologies (Post and pre-harvest)

20
 o 6 Biotechnology technologies
o 4 Seed technologies
o 11 Socioeconomics technology /information
o 4 Climate and Geospatial technologies

In addition to the 241 technologies (pipe line & demand driven) and information, 6 production
constraint assessments documents and 4 technologies handbooks are expected to be prepared.
Monitoring, Reporting & Evaluation Arrangements: Smooth and effective implementation of
technology adaptation and/or generation of field research activities will be monitored by the
different research institutes and centers. In addition, the technical committee of FSRP
implementing institutions will also monitor and evaluate field trials. The implementing research
centers and program leaders (EIAR) will report their performance to their respective directorate
and FSRP research coordination units quarterly, bi-annually and annually. In general, activity
performance evaluation will be made through progress review, field days, field monitoring and
evaluation, and performance evaluation workshops.

21
Gant Chart: 1.2.1 Enhancing agricultural technology generation and source technology
production
Main activities and Implementation Schedule
Implementation Schedule
Activities
Yr.1 Yr.2 Yr. 3 Yr.4 Yr. 5 Yr. 6 Yr. 7
(1.2.1.1) Intervention: Support the adaptation &
generation of selected pipeline technologies
Conduct scientific review workshops to identify list of
potential end/verification stage trials (activities) in NARS
that are hoped to result in development of appropriate
technologies (Crop, Plant Protection, livestock, natural
resource, food and nutrition, and agri. mechanization)
Develop proposals or an activity catalogue (document)
with detailed description (title, objectives, methodology,
expected output, workplan) and submit for
implementation
Launch on-farm multi-location testing of the candidate
technologies in the target woredas of FSRP
Evaluate and register/recommend the
technologies/information by the concerned
bodies/directorates at different levels
Pre-extension demonstration (PED) of the released or
recommended technologies on FTCs and farmers’ plots
through FREGs or LSD under section 1.2.2 in
collaboration with implementers of the other components
of FSRP
Intervention (1.2.1.2) Adaptation and generation of
demand-driven technologies on value chain
commodities
Planning Process to develop research proposals according
to the process described in the planning process section of
the PIM (research review at different levels)
Refine and compile proposals endorsed for fund and
submit for Federal Research Coordination Unit at EIAR
and RARIs
On-station and on-farm testing of the potential
agricultural technologies across locations (according to
the established on-farm research guideline of NARS) in
FSRP target Woredas
Technologies performing better than local/standard

22
 Implementation Schedule
Activities
Yr.1 Yr.2 Yr. 3 Yr.4 Yr. 5 Yr. 6 Yr. 7
checks in yield, nutritional quality, climate resilience
and/or other important attributes will be evaluated in
participatory schemes through ADPLAC platforms and
FREGs and endorse for possible release and/or
recommendation
Source seed/prototype of the recommended technologies
will be produced and supplied to extension directorate of
NARS, relevant ADPLAC members and actors of the
other FSRP components for wider dissemination in FSRP
target woredas.

23
 1.2.1.3.Source Technology Production and semi-commercialization
Following the increased demand for agricultural growth in the country, the demand for improved
agricultural technologies is also growing from time to time. New agricultural technologies of
good quality are the most viable options to improve agricultural production and food security in
a sustainable manner. Therefore, to sustain the overall operation of the technological innovation
systems and for further production, and on-farm pre-extension demonstration of technologies,
the program will support the following source technology production activities and these
activities are also aligned with the activities of other FSRP components. Prior to production,
need assessment and demand-supply analysis will be conducted for the indicated categories of
source technologies in order to identify the production gaps.
A. Breeder and pre-basic seed production for the selected VC commodities and other
crops

A sustainable seed system will ensure that high-quality seeds of a wide range of varieties and
crops are produced and fully available in time and affordable to farmers and other stakeholders.
However, in many developing countries like Ethiopia farmers have not yet been able to fully
benefit from the advantages of using improved quality seed due to multiple factors, including
inefficient seed production, distribution, and lack of quality assurance systems. Among others,
the shortage of quality Early Generation Seed (EGS) is most cited as the cause for the inadequate
performance of the national seed system. EGS which encompasses breeder seed, pre-basic and
basic seed is the critical connection between breeding activities and the eventual production and
distribution of varieties to farmers.

Moreover, the quality of the seed at this stage is highly critical and hence EGS production is
expensive and demands high resource (capital, skilled labour, land/media, and quality assurance
support infrastructural facilities) allocation. The production modality can involve cost recovery
system, and could be source of revenue generation. Therefore, the interventions here will be:
 Demand driven breeder and pre-basic seed production of selected value chain
commodities (cereal, pulse, oil and horticultural crop seed)
 Demand driven coffee seed/seedling production
 Non-seed based initial source multiplication using defined standard techniques
(tissue culture, seedlings, cutting etc.) destined to urban and peri-urban agri-
business.
B. Animal breed and forage seed
Source technology multiplication and semi-commercialization in livestock research is of
paramount importance as there is no known responsible body for multiplying animal breeds and
forage seeds either for pre-extension demonstration or for semi-commercialization purposes.
Hence for implementing pre-extension demonstration and providing source seeds of livestock
technologies for a wider use of technologies in the country there have to be enough source

24
technologies like forage seeds, breeding bulls, heifers, day old chicks and fingerlings. Then the
source technologies will be used for pre-extension demonstration and for outreach program by
the research Institutes, for wide adaptation and scaling up works by MoA and other private
investors, out growers like youth and women group. Thus, the activities are:
 Multiplication and Maintenance of dairy cattle source technology (bulls and
heifers)
 Production and maintenance of pre-basic and basic seeds of selected cultivated
forage
 On station Day-old chicken multiplication and maintenance
 Production and maintenance of fingerlings
 Production of colonies/queen rearing

C. Mass production of selected natural resource management technologies

The source technology multiplication under the natural resource management will focus on
maintenance, multiplication and semi-commercialization of N-fixing rhizobium (bio-fertilizer)
product to be used in improving production and productivity of selected pulse crops.
Multiplication and semi-commercialization of bio-fertilizers is a key task to improve their
accessibility to users, and to lay the ground for future semi-commercialization of research
technologies.
D. Multiplication of agricultural engineering technologies/prototypes
Reasonable number of matured technologies for validation and participatory evaluation purpose
will be multiplied by federal and regional agricultural mechanization research center’s workshop
facility. Multiplication of validated technology will be outsourced to pertinent artisans and
private manufacturers. For this group a practical manufacturing training will be provided for
each technology. The technologies will be fully packaged and made ready to be taken up by the
prime stakeholders. Source prototypes selected are listed below:
 Pre-harvest mechanization technologies such as:- tractor drawn ridge-furrow
maker, tractor drawn lime spreading machine, medium tractor operated row planters,
walking tractor operated row planter, small tractor drawn land leveller, small engine
driven shallow well drilling machine.
 Post-harvest mechanization technologies such as:- teff thresher, wheat thresher,
multi crop threshers, with engine, down sized (small) Engine powered maize Sheller,
top Bar (modern) bee hive with frame, wooden poultry house (cage), motorized
coffee pulpier, engine powered feed chopper, multi-crop grain cleaning and grading
machine, fruit and vegetable dryer.
E. Mass Multiplication of disease and insect free planting materials for the selected
value chains commodities through tissue culture: the focus here will be on mass

25
 multiplication of disease and insect free planting materials for the selected value chain
commodities (mainly coffee, some fruits and vegetables).

F. Multiplication of plant protection technologies

 Bio pesticides: multiply, package and commercialize Bio-pesticides
 Polyclonal antibodies: produce polyclonal antibodies
Activities under the source technology production and semi-commercialization are:
 Develop multiplication activity plans by research centres under EIAR and RARIs
based on the participatory demand assessment results and then reviewed at
different levels;
 Refine and compile those plans endorsed for fund at institute level and submit to
Federal Research Coordination Unit at EIAR. This will be undertaken by the
national and regional research institutes FSRP Coordination Unit;
 Undertake production of source technologies with due care on quality;
 Deliver the produced source technologies to multipliers on payment basis. In these
processes stakeholders in the other components of FSRP will be involved.
Implementation of source technology production will be undertaken by the different research
centers under the national and regional research institutes. The implementing research centers
and program leaders will report their performance to their respective institutes’ FSRP
Coordination Units and respective sector directors of EIAR and RARIs on quarterly, bi-annually
and annual basis.

26
 Summary Table 1.2.1.3. Source Technology Production and semi-commercialization
Expected out puts and responsible Institutions
1.2.1 Enhancing agricultural technology generation and source technology production:
(1.2.1.3) Source Technology Production and semi-commercialization
Responsible Implementers: Directorates of EIAR and RARIs (Crop, Livestock, Natural resource
management, Agricultural Mechanization, Climate & Geospatial, Biotechnology, Food Science, Socio-
economic and Research-extension) and their respective research centres, and FSRP Research
Coordination Units under the EIAR and RARIs;
Main Partners: MoA, BoA at Kebele, Woreda and Zonal levels, public and private Seed Enterprises;
Seed Producing Farmers’ Cooperatives;
Supporting Implementing Organizations: Federal and regional FSRP coordination units of MoA,
Universities and NGOs involved in seed system;
Expected Outputs
Source Technologies Unit Quantity
A. Breeder and pre-basic seed multiplication for
Quintal -
selected VC commodities
Breeder and pre-basic seed for selected VC cereal,
Quintal 53,000.00
pulse, & oil crops
Coffee seed Quintal 1,500.00
Coffee seedlings # of seedling 1,605,000.00
Seedlings for VC horticultural crops (Avocado) # of seedling 254,500.00
B. Animal breed and forage seed for selected VC
-
commodities
Dairy heifers for on farm technology piloting # of Heifer 340.00
Bulls for on farm technology piloting # of Bulls 125.00
Forage seed Quintal 1,927.50
Day-old chicken # of Chicken 950,000.00
# of
Multiply and Maintain fingerlings 4,250,000.00
fingerlings
C. Multiplication of selected natural resource
-
management technologies
Multiplication of bio- fertilizer/inoculant # of sachet 30,000.00
Multiplication of tree seedling # of Seedling 450,000.00
D. Agricultural engineering technologies/prototypes -
Pre-harvest prototypes for on farm demonstration Number 55.00
Post-harvest prototypes for on farm demonstration Number 400.00
E. Disease free planting materials through tissue
-
culture
Mass multiplication of disease-free coffee seedlings # of Seedling 30,000.00
Mass multiplication of disease Avocado seedling # of Seedling 210,000.00

27
 F. Multiplication and commercialization of plant
-
protection technologies
Bio-pesticides multiplication # of Techno 10.00
Polyclonal antibody production # of Techno 6.00
Monitoring, Reporting & Evaluation Arrangements: Source technology production activities will be
implemented by the different research centers under the national and regional research institutes. The
implementing research centers and program leaders (EIAR) will report their performance to their
respective institutes’ FSRP Coordination Units and respective sector directors of the EIAR and RARIs
on quarterly, bi-annually and annual basis. Overall activity performance evaluation will also be made
taking crosscutting issues (gender, climate and nutrition) in to consideration through field days, activity
evaluation tours and workshops.

Gant Chart 1.2.1.3 Source Technology Production and semi-commercialization

Main activities and Implementation Schedule
Implementation Schedule
Activities Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Yr.4 Yr. 5 Yr. 6 Yr. 7
(1.2.1.3) Source Technology Production and
semi-commercialization
Participatory demand assessment for EGS, coffee
seed/seedlings, livestock breeds, natural resource
technologies and agricultural implement
prototype
Develop source technology production activity
plans by research centers under EIAR and RARIs
based on the participatory demand assessment
results and then reviewed at different levels;
Refine and compile those plans endorsed for fund
at institute level and submit to FSRP Research
Coordination Unit at EIAR and RARIs
Undertake production of source technologies for
the demanded commodities with due care on
quality;
Distribute the produced technologies to target
farming communities, other components of FSRP
and relevant enterprises

28
 1.2.2. Promote Farmer’s Adoption of Research Technology through Pre-extension
Demonstration
Agricultural technologies are the major driving force for sustainably increasing agricultural
production and productivity, and for contributing to consumption of nutritious and healthy foods.
In addition, agricultural technologies also contribute in fostering food quality, improving the
supply of raw materials for agro-industries, ensure surplus production and hence reduce food
price, and create employment opportunity. Although the adoption of the technologies is
considered an important instrument to improve productivity, its impact is however often
hindered by low adoption rates. The low adoption rate if often associated with uncertainty of
technology effects, limited availability of technologies/lack of access, costly nature of the
technologies, and the market context among others. Therefore, to address the gaps and further
contribute to improving production and productivity, adopting a participatory approach that
actively involving farmers in new technologies demonstration and popularization is imperative.
This will help to enhance the adoption of newly developed technologies and farmers decision
making ability which would improve productivity as well as market competitiveness of
smallholder farmers. Thus, the main aims here is enhancing the adoption of agricultural
technologies through pre-extension demonstration, extending the accepted technologies to large-
scale demonstrations to show impact, and establishing Commodity specialization zones where
activities are designed to be well aligned with sub-component 1.1 of component I.
i) On-farm demonstration of new agricultural technologies
In the research system, on farm demonstration is a key approach followed to promote, evaluate,
and scale-up new technologies. Technologies developed based on better performance at on-station
level may still be unacceptable to farmers and not easily adopted unless farmers are somehow
involved in evaluation and selection at certain stages of technology development. The approach is
very instrumental and important step in knowledge transfer and experience sharing, get feedback
on the technologies, develop confidence, create demand, strengthen the linking between research,
extension, and farmers, and finally helps farmers to make an adoption decision. The two major
approaches that will be followed to demonstrate agricultural technologies include: (i) Farmers
Research Extension Group (FREGs), and (ii) cluster approach technology demonstration (large-
scale demonstration). In addition, demonstration could also be conducted in commodity
specialization zones (for selected fruits technologies) and at individual farmers’ level.
A. Pre-extension demonstration
The pre-extension demonstration activities will be done following certain procedures and
principles. At this stage, the research will identify participating farmers in the target areas in
close collaboration with the local (district) bureaus of agriculture and kebele level administrative
bodies and development agents. For this purpose, demonstration plots will be established in
farmer training centers (FTCs) and/or on individual farmer’s plots. To facilitate the learning
process among farmers, extension, and researchers, a mother and baby demonstration
methodology will be followed. The demonstrations at the FTCs will be considered as a mother
29
demonstration plot managed by the researcher and development agents supported by farmers.
Whereas the demonstrations on farmers' plots will be considered baby demonstrations managed
directly by the farmers supported by researchers and development agents.
The pre-extension demonstration will be carried out in a specific location for a maximum period
of two years. The average plot size to be used will be 0.25 ha for crop technologies since small
plots do not attract farmers to invest resource as it produces very small volume. However, the
demonstration area in the FTCs will be based on the available spaces/land. For some
technologies like horticulture and forage to show the impact of the technologies, we will cluster
adjacent farms to maintain the minimum based on farmers’ interest. For livestock technologies
(poultry and dairy), mechanization, natural resource management and others, the demonstrations
will not focus on the size of plots per se but rather on the packages of the demonstration. For
greater adoption and impact one demonstration will be used for 200 farmers as a learning site.
To evaluate the demonstrate technologies, the farmer's research extension group (FREG) will be
established. FREG is a collaborative research approach where 15 to 20 farmers (30 to 40% are
expected to be women) are grouped together to demonstrate improved technologies adapted
and/or generated. FREGs have their own rules and regulations, and seasonal action plans to
showcase and demonstrate their experiences to other farmers. FREGs also will have their own
names, chairperson, secretary, and regular field management or technology evaluation and
meeting schedules. The FREG establishment will include separate groups of women, and mixed
groups. The FREGs will also be used as a platform for large-scale technology demonstration,
wider dissemination, and adoption. In addition, it will support training, experience sharing, and
facilitation of regular meetings, workshops, and information and communications related to the
technology demonstrated. The key intervention areas are:
 Crop technologies on the selected value chain commodities.
 Livestock technologies related to aquaculture, forage, dairy, and poultry.
 Natural resource management technologies (integrated soil fertility management,
acid soil and Vertisols management, irrigation, and watershed management).
 Pre-harvest and post-harvest mechanization technologies.
 Disease and insect management technologies (Plant Protection tech.).
 Food preparation, utilization, and preservation technologies.
 Women-friendly technology.
B. Large-scale technology demonstration
Cluster approach technology scaling-up (large scale demonstration) is an approach where a
group of farmers having plots of land in adjacent fields willingly participates to demonstrate
common technologies in a wider scale. Plot size to be contributed from each participating
farmers should not be less than a quarter hectare with a minimum of 10 participating farmers in a
single cluster. Collated clustered farms are believed to be more desirable for common
demonstration than many fragmented small farms be it in terms of easiness for supervision,
management and visibility of impacts.

30
The large-scale technology demonstration approach will help us to push farmers' preferred
technologies for large-scale dissemination and adoption thereby addressing gaps in the agro-
industry and export market. The main goal is to sort out the ideal pathways (models) that can
widen the reach and impact of the technology. To this effect, the cluster-based large-scale full
package technology promotion approach fits best to support farmers' adoption of the research
released technologies and enhance commercialization. In the research system, the large-scale
demonstrations are implemented on a relatively medium-scale (25-100 hectares for cereals and
pulse crop technologies). The clustering of farms usually depends on the willingness and interest
of the farmers. The large-scale demonstration will be followed by large-scale dissemination and
commercialization, often implemented by MoA at all levels and actors in the agricultural value
chains. The key intervention areas are:
 Establishing Cluster Based large-scale demonstrations for the selected VC crop
commodity (cereals and pulses).
 Establishing Commodity specialization zones (for coffee, fruits and vegetables
technologies).
 Popularization of New fertilizer recommendation rates for the selected VCs
(inorganic, organic & biological).
 Popularization of Acid soil and Vertisols management technologies
 Demonstrating Poultry and forage technologies
ii) Promotion of agricultural technologies to urban and peri-urban
Urban and pre-urban areas have the potential to become a strong collaborator in food and
nutrition security strategies, if adequate production technologies are applied that are highly
water, labour, and space-efficient, as well as environmentally friendly and cost-effective.
However, the focus of agricultural research and extension efforts in targeting urban and pre-
urban areas has so far been either nil or limited in scale and scope. Therefore, the objective here
is to demonstrate agricultural technologies suitable for urban and pre-urban areas. The
intervention areas are:
 Dairy and poultry production
 Vegetables production
 Vertical and hydroponic farming for selected vegetables
 Food processing and utilization technologies across value chains
 Fruit seedling production
 Organic resource recycling technology (compost & vermicompost) production
iii) Develop e-information system
The electronic information system in agriculture provides a more efficient alternative to a
traditional extension system. The e-information can play a significant role in promoting
technologies, knowledge, and technical skills to farmers and development agents. It can also be
used as a bridge for farmers, development agents, and other stakeholders with a minimum cost at

31
a time. Further, it allows farmers to access extension and farm advisory services especially
during COVID-19 and lock-down situations. Knowledge transfer through ICTs can also
overcome the social and institutional barriers that currently limit women farmers’ access to
information. Therefore, research here will focus in developing content for the newly released
agricultural technologies. The intervention areas are:

 Development of technology manager tool (Mobile App): mobile-based tool which

can provide farmers a recommended crop production, fertilizer management,
disease, and insect pest management technologies.
 Video, audio, and print materials which promotes best practices (research released
technologies, management and utilization) and success stories.

The activities under section 1.2.2 also include:

 PED activity proposals with detailed description will be developed and reviewed at
different levels.
 Those proposals endorsed for fund at institute level will be refined, compiled and
submitted to the Federal Research Coordination Unit at the EIAR. This will be
undertaken by the national and regional research institutes FSRP Coordination Unit.
 Researchers will identify participating farmers (both male and female) in the target areas
together with Woreda and Kebele level extension workers. The selection of farmers will
be based on willingness, availability of land and other resources to effectively showcase
the technologies. Innovativeness and ability to communicate his/her observations with
other farmers will also be considered among others.
 The participating farmers will be given practical training by research staff members and
subject matter specialists (SMS) on characteristics and management aspects of the new
technologies to be demonstrated;
 Establish FREGs, commodity specialization zones (CSZs) and clusters to demonstrate
improved technologies adapted and/or generated; FREGs and participating farmers in
LSDs and CSZs approach will be strengthened through training, experience sharing and
facilitation of regular meetings, workshops and information and communications where
the research centres’ staff, SMS and focal person from FSRP woreda will be involved
actively;
 New technologies with their full recommendation package to be demonstrated will be
prepared and associated inputs will be delivered to FTCs and farmers selected to host the
on-farm pre-extension demonstrations in FSRP Woredas, while the participating farmers
will supply other necessary inputs (land, labour and so on);
 Field days and field visits will be organised at appropriate time where host and non-host
farmers, relevant stakeholders from respective government and non-government

32
 structures will participate and the event will be given media coverage (news and
documentary on TV and Radio); and
 Documents comprising full recommendation packages for the technologies demonstrated
and selected by farmers will be provided to the respective agricultural extension system
and other stakeholders working on agriculture sector for further scaling up in the form of
working manuals, leaflets and audio-visuals using local languages.
 Identify urban and peri-urban farming types, production, and technology use practices

The promotion of farmer’s adoption of research technology through establishment/facilitation of

FREGs and cluster approaches will be implemented by the different research centres under the
national and regional research institutes. The implementing research centres will report their
performance to their respective institutes’ FSRP coordination units and respective sector
directors of the EIAR and RARIs on quarterly, bi-annually and annual basis. Overall activity
performance evaluation will be also made through field days, performance evaluation missions
and workshops.
Summary Table 1.2.2 Promote Farmer’s Adoption of Research Technology through
Pre-extension Demonstration Expected out puts and responsible
Institutions
1.2.2 Promote Farmer’s Adoption of Research Technology through Pre-extension
Demonstration:
i) On-farm demonstration of new agricultural technologies
ii) Promotion of agricultural technologies to urban and peri-urban
iii) Develop e-information system
Responsible Implementers: Directorates of EIAR and RARIs (Crop, Livestock, Natural resource
management, Agricultural Mechanization, Climate & Geospatial, Biotechnology, Food Science, Socio-
economic and Research-extension, ICT and Communication) and respective research centers and
FSRP Research Coordination Units under the EIAR and RARIs;
Main Partners: - MoA, and BoA, at different levels,
Supporting Implementing Organizations: Federal and regional FSRP coordination units of MoA
Outputs
 A total of 436 technologies demonstrated. They include:
o 160 Crop and Coffee technologies
o 35 Livestock technologies
o 63 Natural resource management technologies
o 44 Post and pre-harvest mechanization technologies
o 46 Plant protection (disease and insect management) technologies
o 45 Food and nutrition technologies (Food preparation, utilization, and preservation
technologies)
o 43 Women focused and labour-saving technologies
 A total of 756 FREGs (228 women FREGs) established and demonstrated with different

33
 technologies
 A total of 943 clusters established for cluster approach on-farm agricultural technology
demonstration.
o 742 clustered Large-scale demonstration of selected VC crop technology
o 145 clustered Large-scale demonstration of Natural Resource Management technology
(acid soil, Vertisols, fertilizer recommendation rate- inorganic, organic & biological)
o Poultry and forage technologies
 36 commodity specialization zones (selected fruit) Established
 20 selected technologies promoted to urban areas (Dairy, poultry, Vegetable, Vertical and
hydroponic farming, Food processing and utilization technologies across value chains, Fruit
seedling, and Organic resource recycling technology (vermicompost) production)
 Development of one technology manager tool (Mobile App.)
 Development of four (2 videos and 2 print materials) video and print materials which promote
best practices
Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Arrangements: The establishment and facilitation of
FREGs, commodity specialization zones and clusters and the performance of demonstrated
technologies will be monitored and evaluated by the research centers, FSRP Technical Committees
(regional or Woreda level) of the respective regions, directorate directors and other FSRP component
implementers. The implementing research centers and program leaders (EIAR) will report their
performance to their respective institutes’ FSRP Coordination Units and respective sector directors of
the EIAR and RARIs on quarterly, bi-annually and annual basis. Overall activity performance
evaluation will also be made taking crosscutting issues (gender, climate and nutrition) into
consideration through field days, activity evaluation tours and workshops.

Gant Chart 1.2.2 Promote Farmer’s Adoption of Research Technologies through Pre-
extension Demonstration Main activities and Implementation
Schedule
Implementation Schedule
Activities
Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Yr. 4 Yr. 5 Yr. 6 Yr. 7
i) On-farm demonstration of new agricultural
technologies
Develop PED activity proposals with detailed
description and review at different levels
Refine and compile those proposals endorsed for
fund at institute level and submit to Federal Research
Coordination Unit at the EIAR
Identify participating farmers (both male and female)
in the target areas together with Woreda and Kebele
level extension workers
Provide appropriate training to the participating

34
 Implementation Schedule
Activities
Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Yr. 4 Yr. 5 Yr. 6 Yr. 7
farmers in the technology demonstration
Establish FREGs, CSZs and LSDs to demonstrate
improved technologies; and strengthening of FREGs,
CSZs and clusters to enhance farmers participation in
technology development and transfer through
training, experience sharing, regular meetings,
workshops and information and communications.
Identify new technologies to be demonstrated along
with their full packages on FTCs and hosts farmers.
Pre-extension demonstration of the identified new
technologies on FTCs and farmers’ plots in
collaboration with implementers of the other
components of FSRP.
Organize field days and field visits at appropriate
time
Develop documents comprising full technological
packages and deliver to extension system and/or
other stakeholders
ii) Promotion of agricultural technologies to
urban and peri-urban
Identify urban and peri-urban farming types,
production constraints and current production
practices;
Urban and peri-urban farming: Promote selected
technologies to urban areas (Dairy, Poultry,
Vegetable, Vertical and hydroponic farming, Food
processing and utilization technologies across value
chains, Raising fruit tree seedlings, and Organic
resource recycling technology (vermi-compost)
production)
iii) Develop e-information system
Development of technology manager tool (Mobile
App): mobile-based tool which can provide farmers a
recommended crop production, fertilizer
management, disease, and insect pest management
technologies
Develop video and print materials to promotes best
practices;

35
 1.2.3. Building Capacity of Research system
The investments made on strengthening research capacity by AGP II and other projects have
played considerable role in promoting improved agricultural technologies, and production/
delivery of source technologies. Using this enhanced capacity, the agricultural research centers
of the federal and regional research institutions are making good progress in address diverse
agro-ecologies and technological needs of the end users. However, there is still a need to
intensify provision of agricultural technologies in response to the upcoming demand of the
growing agro-industrial parks and emerging agricultural issues. This situation requires a
continuous assessment of research capacity gaps and filling the gaps in order to allow the
research component to increase the supply of demand-driven agricultural technologies to
extension services. Details of the capacity building needs are presented below:
1.2.3.1 Human Capacity Development
The human capacity development will improve the implementation capacity of implementing
institutes at all levels to ensure the continuity of supplying demand driven improved agricultural
technologies.
A. Short-term training
Hands on job short term training will be on introducing new research skills and knowledge to
research staff and technicians of the research system. The short-term trainings may encompass
training on decision support tools, statistics and tools for data analysis, and crop modeling, meta-
analysis of big data, laboratory equipment operations and maintenance, all of which enhances the
effective execution of basic and applied researches. The laboratory equipment operations and
maintenance will assist the previous AGP II lab capacity development efforts to sustainably
function to their full capacity and effective generation of the required technologies. The skill
enhancement trainings will be given through inviting senior experts and sending researchers
overseas to join appropriate training centers, universities and research institutes for the identified
skill gaps so as to fill the gaps through the trainings.

The short-term training activities will include:

 Identifying skill gap of researchers, technicians and other staff through assessment;
 Creating linkage with overseas universities and research institutions of desired
competence in required skills, and engaging the appropriate trainees (researchers and lab
technicians);
 Provide in country skill upgrading training by inviting senior experts from abroad;
 Organizing exchange visits and experience sharing events for technology shopping and
impressing researchers with new insights; and
 Support particular fields of research having critical gaps of expertise through technical
advisory services by recruiting expatriates

36
 B. Experience sharing
This can be through experience sharing visits, scientific workshops or organizing experience
sharing events including technical advisory service by recruiting senior expatriates to provide
sustainable mentorship to researchers, technicians and other experts.

1.2.3.2 Physical Capacity Building

The investment on the research physical capacity development will be based on a thorough
assessment of the previous investment and on those which directly contribute for technology
generation, source technology production and further outreach program. Prior to implementation,
needs assessment will be conducted for each of the elements in the list (ref. table 7 below). The
needs assessments will take into account exhaustive inventory of the supports received through
GoE, AGP II and other projects / programs or in pipe line to avoid overlap. In the process of
need assessment, similar elements will be group on the basis of the expertise needed to conduct
the assessment at one go. The assessment reports will be attached to the relevant AWP&B.
A. Irrigation infrastructure
Agricultural research centers had a duty to innovate and adopt a number of technologies and new
crop varieties but, due to climate variation, shortage of rainfall and lack of irrigation
infrastructures research centers cannot deliver sufficient and quality seed for the community to
be used as an input. This has trickling effect on increasing production and productivity.
Therefore, to enhance the provision of appropriate irrigation technologies across the different
agro-ecologies that can potentially contribute for sustainable development of agriculture,
nutritional quality, agribusiness, raw material for agro-industry and intensify source seed
production throughout the year, strengthening the national research system irrigation
infrastructure and facilities is vital. In line with this, focus will be given to invest on enhancing
the availability of irrigation water from different sources (water harvesting, river diversion and
ground water) and strengthen/establish irrigation schemes (sprinkler, drip and surface) that
improve water use efficiency and maintain soil health across research system. The establishment
of each irrigation infrastructure encompasses developing appropriate irrigation design.
B. Strengthening of research laboratories
Capacitated research laboratories equipped with trained personnel is one of the basic inputs for
strong agricultural innovation system. The current agricultural research requires deep knowledge,
that enable to characterize plants and animals up to detailed molecular level, analysing their
biochemistry using the capacitated research laboratories and finally using the knowledge
generated to improve the productivity and quality of agricultural technologies that can be used as
a raw material for industries and best fits for export market. Therefore, fulfilling the required
capacity building, especially capacity building of research laboratories, is the priority issue in

37
order to meet and maintain qualities and the required standards of agricultural technologies thus
released. The investment will, therefore, focus on laboratory maintenance and renovation.
C. Establishing maintenance service unit and modalities for sustainable use of scientific
equipment
A central unit for maintenance, calibration, standardization and installation of scientific
equipment and facilities is a vital service as far as the investments in laboratories, research
infrastructures and other scientific equipment are concerned. Millions of US dollars have been
invested in the past for laboratory facilities without accounting the requirements for appropriate
skills to run, maintain, calibrate and standardize them. As a result, it has been a tradition that
many of the facilities become out of functions for a simple reason; some are outdated before they
are uncovered; and others providing sub-standardized services due to improper functioning. The
consequences of which are seriously compromised quality of information and research
technologies generated. To mitigate the problems and further sustain the proper functions of such
costly investments, establishing a centralized unit capable of providing maintenance, calibration,
standardization and installation services to the scientific equipment and facilities distributed
across different institutions have become of paramount importance. Having the unit by itself is
not a solution; rather, there must be a modality on how the services can be delivered by the unit
without losing the sustainability functions. Therefore, a guideline on sustainable use of the
scientific facilities in providing the maintenance, standardization, calibration, and analysis
services will be developed.
D. Farm Implements and Field vehicles
Currently, field research and source seed production activities in the national research system are
severely constrained by shortage of farm machineries in terms of types, quantity and quality. The
objective under this category is therefore to bridge the gap that exists in farm machineries across
the national research system to increase the efficiency in technology generation, adaptation and
source technology multiplication. The investment in farm machineries focuses on equipment’s
required for land preparation, planting, pest management (motorized sprayer),
harvesting/threshing in crop research, and particular facilities required in livestock research such
as mowers, balers, choppers, mobile milking machine, feed mills and mixers.
The agricultural research centers of both federal and regional research institutes are found spread
across the country to address various agriculture related challenges of most agro-ecologies. The
agricultural research centers are expected to conduct research around their mandate areas, in
network with each other and through collaboration with international research institutes (CGIAR
and International Research Institutes and Universities). The success of these research activities in
producing the envisioned outputs is heavily dependent on movement of the research staffs for
establishing on-farm research trials and outreach activities such as technology demonstration,
validation and piloting. To this effect, it is noticeable that the investment made so far on
strengthening research capacity by AGP II for the last five years have played considerable role in
releasing pipeline and demand driven technologies which needs to be promoted/popularized to
38
the end users thus demanding availability of transportation facilities. Moreover, delivery of
source technologies to various agricultural research centers, to seed producing enterprises and to
end users in diverse agro-ecologies demands availability of transportation facilities.
Overall, owing to the increasing demand for agricultural technologies and the need to intensify
provision of agricultural technologies in response to the existing & future demands, organizing
efficient and adequate transportation facility is a prerequisite for enabling research institutions to
fully discharge the responsibility of appropriate technology generation and further disseminating
the technologies among end users.
The investment in transportation facilities will focus on field vehicles, service bus for selected
and remote research centers, truck, motor bike, day old chicken van and fingerling transportation
vehicles.
E. Ag-data hub for Agro-weather Advisory information and Automated weather
station
In agriculture, the digital-enabled data hub, advisory generation and dissemination system will be
increasingly important to help people and value chains make informed decisions and address the
climate impacts that threaten today's and tomorrow's agri-food systems. This, however, heavily
relays on the ability to generate, store, analyse and utilize historical climate and agricultural data
in a way it can timely advise growers on anticipated climate related risks, and agro-climatic and
geospatial advisory solutions. Such ability of data storage, analytics and utilization will be
achieved through capacity building on priority areas. In addition, automated weather station is an
integrated system of components that are used to measure, record, and often transmit weather
parameters such as temperature, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, and precipitation data.
These are among the most important weather parameters that need to be considered in the
process of research technology generation. The main objective here is, therefore, to avail the
required storage and computational facilities that determines the sustainable effectiveness of the
knowledge.
● Versatile ag-data/information center capable of storing and managing big climate,
geospatial and agricultural data.
● Computational facility for development of site specific agro-weather advisory solutions.
● Applications/systems handling the delivery and feedback of agro-advisory for farming
households.
F. ICT and other sector specific research infrastructures
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are crucial in facilitating communication
and access to information for agricultural and rural development. Since agriculture is the national
priority sector, it is one of the potentially beneficial areas for the application of ICTs for
economic transformation. The demand for agricultural information is now stronger than ever
before and ICTs have become invaluable tools for agricultural research and development around
the world. In general, ICT plays important roles in meeting the prevailing challenges related to

39
sharing, exchanging and disseminating agricultural knowledge and technologies. However, in
Ethiopia, the ICT infrastructure and mechanisms for sharing and exchanging agricultural
knowledge generated by the research system is limited and hence, there is a huge gap in linking
the continuum of agricultural research, extension and market.

The investment on ICT infrastructure focuses on establishing and running local and wide area
network across the research centers, establishing data center and cloud services for Ethiopian
Agricultural Research Network, and developing a web-based agricultural research information
system portal (repository databases), implementing different applications that can be hosted at
EIAR-Net cloud computing services at national level to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness
in the use and access to information related to agricultural research.

Other sector specific research infrastructure will be focusing on, establishment of seed store,
green houses and cold rooms, Fingerling multiplication ponds, barn structures and feed stores,
poultry houses, printing facilities, renovation of research infrastructures & furnishing of training
halls.
G. Strengthen National Poultry Training Centres
The Ethiopian poultry sector is dominated by low producing indigenous breeds and traditional
farming practices with neglected feed supply, health service and shelter. In order to transform the
industry, the introduction of productive breeds, new technologies and farming practices with
state-of-the-art feeding and health services is very crucial, and this in turn needs recurrent
technical tailor-made trainings for chicken producers at organized training center established for
the purpose. Therefore, the proposed activities under this intervention are equipping and
construction of additional rooms for the advancement of the training center.
Capacity building part of the program will be implemented by the national and regional research
institutes and research centers under the institutes. The implementing research centers will report
their performance to their respective institutes’ FSRP coordination units and respective sector
directors of the EIAR and RARIs on quarterly, bi-annually and annual basis. Overall activity
performance evaluation will be also made through field days, performance evaluation missions
and workshops.

40
Summary Table 1.2.3 Building Capacity of Research system: Expected out puts and
responsible Institution
1.2.3 Building Capacity of Research system:
1.2.3.1. Human Capacity Development
1.2.3.2. Physical Capacity Building
Responsible Implementers: Directorates of EIAR and RARIs (Crop, Livestock, Natural resource
management, Agricultural Mechanization, Climate & Geospatial, Biotechnology, Food Science, Socio-
economic and Research-extension, ICT) and their respective research centers, and FSRP Research
Coordination Units under the EIAR and RARIs;
Main Partners: - MoA, and BoA
Supporting Implementing Organizations: Federal and regional FSRP coordination units of MoA
Outputs:
 Improved capacity of the research system to continuously supply demand-driven improved
agricultural technologies
Human capacity building
o Short-term trainings organized for 1,350 (625 for researchers) the remaining for technicians,
farmers, project staff, experts…etc.) and
o Experience sharing events organized for 27 project staff
Physical Capacities Building
o Feasibility study work conducted for 9 SSIs
o SSIs constructed in selected research centres on 800 ha
o Irrigation facilities fulfilled (lysimeter, rainout shelter...)
o 10 Laboratory centres maintained and renovated
o One laboratory equipment maintenance and instrumentation unit established
o Modalities and operational guidelines developed
o 25 Tractors with implement procured and distributed to research centres
o 10 Tractor mounted implements procured and distributed to research centres
o 4 Combine harvesters procured and distributed to regional and federal research centres
o 12 Generator procured and distributed to regional and federal research centres
o 2 Plot harvester and thresher procured and distributed to regional and federal research
centres
o 15 Motorized Sprayer procured and distributed to research centres
o 15 Milking Machine (mobile) procured and distributed to research centres
o 10 Dairy farm equipment (Mower, Beller, chopper, trailer, feed mills & maker) procured
and distributed to research centres
o 40 Field Vehicles procured and distributed to regional and federal research centres
o 6 Service bus procured and distributed to regional and federal research centres
o 3 Truck procured and distributed to selected priority research centres
o 20 Motor bikes procured and distributed to regional and federal research centres
o 3 Day old chicken transportation van procured and distributed to selected priority research

41
 centres.
o 2 Fingerling transportation vehicle procured and distributed to research centres.
o Procurement of 8 pre & post-harvest Agriculture technologies undertaken for adaptation and
demonstration purposes.
o Livestock breeds and parent stock procured for adaptation purposes.
o 10 Automated weather station & facilities procured and distributed to research centres.
o ICT infrastructure and facilities fulfilled (1,000 computers procured and distributed to
researchers and project staff).
o One data storage facility/ data hub established at EIAR as part of ICT infrastructure and
facilities.
o 9 Seed stores
o 3 Feed store
o 8 Greenhouses
o 10 Cold rooms
o 7 Barn structures and feed lots
o 10 Fingerling multiplication ponds
o Research infrastructure (lath house, offices, meeting/training halls, stores...etc) renovated for
8 ARC
o One office refurbished with printing facilities as part of research infrastructure improvement.
o One national poultry research and training centre established at Debre Zeit Research. centre
o 1 Poultry house established as part of national poultry research and training centre
Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation Arrangements: Implementation of physical and human
capacity development activities will start with appraisal of the needs of the different national and
regional research institutes and centers based on a thorough assessment of the previous investment and
on those activities, which directly contribute for technology generation, source production and further
outreach program. The implementing research centers and program leaders (EIAR) will report their
performance to their respective directorate and FSRP Research coordination units quarterly, bi-annually
and annually. Overall activity performance can be also evaluated through activity evaluation missions
and workshops. Human capacity development will look at the capacity of the research institutes to
integrate gender, climate and nutrition.

Gant Chart 1.2.3 Building Capacity of Research system: Main activities and
Implementation Schedule
Implementation Schedule
Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Yr.4 Yr. 5 Yr. 6 Yr. 7
Human and Physical Capacity Building
Identify and prioritize the critical human
capacity/skill gaps
Need assessment to identify and prioritize the
critical physical capacity gaps

42
 Implementation Schedule
Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Yr.4 Yr. 5 Yr. 6 Yr. 7
Plan resource requirements for the identified
capacity development activities gaps (human
and physical)
Implement human and physical capacity
building activities according to the set plan
Follow up effective implementation and
sustainability of the capacity building

1.2.3.3 Scaling up of new approaches introduced through policy reform

A. Rolling out modalities for ensuring financial sustainability and promotion of

commercial approaches with in the research system

One of the bottlenecks of the research system is lack of a sustainable financing mechanism to
support research programs and projects that require continuous efforts, resources and
investments. This may include genetic improvements in animals and crops, research programs
and projects that require intensive laboratory works and field verifications. On the contrary, with
all its financial rules and restrictions, doing research based on the government budgeting and
procurement systems causes a lot of critical steps of the research unaddressed. Similarly, project
funds from bilateral and multilateral sources are usually restricted by a lot of preconditions.
Experiences of most developed and developing countries that are successful in agricultural
research showed that their research systems have been strongly supported by sustainable
financing schemes such as re-using internal revenues emanated from semi-commercialization of
research technologies, consultancy, technical and laboratory analysis services. In addition to the
proper allocation of budget by governments (allocation of +1% of agricultural GDP to research),
their research system is crucially backstopped by the internal revenues, royalty payments,
consultancy and other service delivery practices, grant projects, funds from collaboration and
partnership works and with trust funds. The sustainable finance system is also accompanied by
an efficient procurement bureaucracy-mostly with direct procurement. Thus, the objective here is
to establish a sustainable finance sources and an effective procurement system for the
agricultural research system of Ethiopia whereby the quality and rate of technology development
are significantly improved. Under this intervention the program will support the scaling up
of sustainable financial system, internal revenue generation, semi-commercialization of research
technology and efficient procurement system based on the results and learnings of the pilot in
sub-component 4.1.
Therefore, the activities are:
 Assess needs and experiences of implementing research Institutes
 Conduct stakeholder validation workshop and awareness creation on the pilot result

43
  Scale up based on learnings from the pilot
 Implementation, monitoring and evaluation

B. Scaling up of pluralistic agricultural research system and building capacity of the

private researchers
Agricultural research in Ethiopia has been a business of the public and some international
research institutions. However, there have been interests and initiatives by the privates such as
seed producers, actors involved in mechanization, poultry enterprises, input vendors, etc.). Public
owned development enterprises like the Ethiopian Sugar Estates, horticultural enterprises, meat
& poultry enterprises, farmers’ cooperatives, etc. are also involved in adaptation and
demonstration of research technologies. Equally important are the transnational companies
involved in the seed and agro-chemical sectors like Monsanto, Syngenta, Pioneers and others.
However, it is very crucial to account all these actors and build their capacity for the betterment
and ethical technology transfer system in the country. The objective here is to lay foundation for
the pluralistic agricultural research system in Ethiopia by properly accounting the actors through
registration and licensing, and building the capacity of the private research system. Under this
intervention the program will support the scaling up of pluralistic agricultural research
system development and capacitating the private researchers through skill training on the state-
of-the-art methodologies and approaches, research standards and ethics in agricultural research
system based on the results and learnings of the pilot in sub-component 4.1.

Summary Table 1.2.3.3. Scaling up of new approaches introduced through policy reform:
Expected out puts and responsible Institutions
1.2.3.3. Scaling up of new approaches introduced through policy reform
A. Rolling out modalities for ensuring financial sustainability and promotion of
commercial approaches with in the research system
B. Scaling up of pluralistic agricultural research system and building capacity of
the private researchers

Responsible Implementers: Directorates of EIAR and RARIs (Crop, Livestock, Natural

resource management, Agricultural Mechanization, Climate & Geospatial, Biotechnology, Food
Science, Socio-economic and Research-extension).

Main Partners: - MoA and BoAs

Supporting Implementing Organizations: Federal and regional FSRP coordination units of

MoA
Outputs:

Financial sustainability and promotion of commercial approaches within the research system
ensured

44
 o One need assessment on gaps and experiences on pluralistic agricultural research
system conducted.
o One guideline on pluralistic agricultural research system developed.
o Capacitate private researchers with the state of the art of research methodologies, approaches
and standards.
Pluralistic agricultural research system scaled up and private researchers capacitated

o ToR developed to conduct need assessment on the capacity of private researchers

o 5 training materials will be developed
o A Workshop conducted to validate the training materials
o Training provided to private based researchers

Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation Arrangements: Implementation of Scaling up of new

approaches introduced through policy reform activities will start with appraisal of the needs of
the different national and regional private researchers. The implementing research institutes will
report FSRP Research coordination units quarterly, bi-annually and annually. Overall activity
performance can be also evaluated through activity evaluation missions and workshops.

Gant Chart 1.2.3.3. Scaling up of new approaches introduced through policy reform
Main activities and Implementation Schedule
Activities Implementation Schedule
Yr. Yr. Yr. Yr.4 Yr. Yr. 6 Yr. 7
1 2 3 5
A. Rolling out modalities for ensuring financial
sustainability and promotion of commercial
approaches with in the research system
Assess needs and experiences of implementing
research Institutes
Conduct stakeholder validation & awareness
creation workshop;
Piloting commercialization of agricultural research
Scale up based on learnings from the pilot studies
done else where
Implementation, monitoring, evaluation & Learning
B. Scaling up of pluralistic agricultural
research system and building capacity of the
private researchers
Conduct need assessment on gaps and experiences
on pluralistic agricultural research system

45
Develop guideline on pluralistic agricultural
research system
Conduct validation workshop on the guideline
Produce the final guideline & submit for decision
Capacitate private researchers with state-of-the-art
methodologies and approaches, research standards
& ethics in agricultural research
Develop ToR for and need assessment on
capacitating the private researchers
Develop training materials
Conduct validation workshop on the training
materials
Providing training to private based researchers

46