WORKSHEET -1

UNIT -1 , SOLUTIONS
1. Why is glycol and water mixture used in car radiators in cold
countries?
Ans: Ethylene glycol lowers the freezing point of water. Due to this,
the coolant in radiators will not freeze. Otherwise, the radiator will
burst due to the freezing of coolant (water).
2. Why do gases nearly always tend to be less soluble in liquids as
the temperature is raised?
Ans: This is because the dissolution of gas in liquid is an
exothermic process. The solubility should decrease with increase
in temperature.
3. On mixing liquid A and liquid B, student observed that volume
of the resulting solution decreases. What type of deviation from
Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in
temperature would you observe after mixing liquids A and B?
Ans: On mixing liquid A and liquid B, volume of the resulting
solution decreases. This means that the interaction between A-B
is more than that between A-A and B-B. This leads to negative
deviation from Raoult’s law. The escaping tendency of molecules
will get reduce and the observed vapour pressure will be less
than that calculated using Raoult’s Law. Due to this decrease in
vapour pressure, the boiling point of the solution increases.
4. A student observed that on mixing liquid A and liquid B, the
volume of the resulting solution increases. What type of deviation
from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What
change in temperature would you observe after mixing liquids A
and B?
Ans: On mixing A and B, if the volume of the resulting solution
increases, it means that the interaction between the A-A and B-B
molecules is greater than the intermolecular interactions between
A and B molecules. This leads to positive deviation from Raoult’s
law. Due to the increase in vapour pressure, the boiling point of
the solution decreases.
5. What possible value of ‘i’ will it have if solute molecules
undergo association in solution?
Answer: i < 1, if solute molecules undergo association.
6. Out of two 0.1 molal solutions of glucose and of potassium
chloride, which one will have a higher boiling point and why?
0.1 molal solution of sodium chloride will have higher Δ T b Δ
and higher boiling point as well because it dissociates into ions. At
the sametime, 0.1 molal glucose solution being a molecular solid
will not dissociate into ions
7. (i) Why is an increase in temperature observed on mixing
chloroform and acetone?
(ii) Why does sodium chloride solution freeze at a lower
temperature than water?
Answer: (i) It is because force of attraction between chloroform
and acetone is more than the force of attraction between CHCl3—
CHCl3 or Acetone-Acetone. Therefore delta H = -ve, i.e.
exothermic process, therefore, there is increase in temperature.
(ii) It is because when NaCl is added, vapour pressure of solution
becomes less and at a lower temperature, vapour pressure of
solid and solution will become equal, i.e. freezing point is lowered.
8. Explain why aquatic species are more comfortable in cold
water rather than in warm water.
Answer:
Aquatic species need dissolved oxygen for breathing. As solubility
of gases decreases with increase of temperature, less oxygen is
available in summer in the lake. Hence the aquatic species feel
more comfortable in winter (low temperature) when the
solubility of oxygen is higher.
9. What happens when the external pressure applied becomes
more than the osmotic pressure of solution?
Ans: When the external pressure applied becomes more than the
osmotic pressure of the solution, then the solvent will flow from
the solution into the pure solvent through the semi-permeable
membrane. The process is called reverse osmosis
10. What happens when a red blood cell is placed inside
(a) hypotonic solution (b) hypertonic solution (c)
isotonic solution
When red blood cells are in a hypertonic (higher concentration)
solution, water flows out of the cell faster than it comes in. This
results in crenation (shriveling) of the blood cell. If a red blood
cell that is hypotonic (lower concentration outside the cell) will
result in more water flowing into the cell than out. This results in
swelling and bursting of the cell. If a cell is placed in
an isotonic solution, there will be no net flow of water into or out
of the cell, and the cell’s volume will remain stable.