LESSON 1: Science,

Culture, & Ethics In It

(1) Science and Technology
What is Science?
SCIENCE fundamentally is the systematic study of
the structure and behavior of the natural and
physical world through observations and
experiments.
Technology as a source of scientific challenges

Different Facet of Science

 Science is both a body of KNOWLEDGE
AND A PROCESS
 Science is EXCITING
 Science is USEFUL
 Science is ONGOING
 Science is a global human ENDEAVOR.

What is Technology? Instrumentation and measurement techniques

TECHNOLOGY (which is derived from the Greek
word "technologia") is an art, skill, or ability,
which is used to create and develop products and
acquire knowledge.
Scientist used their knowledge to develop
technology and then used technology to develop
Science; so, because of this reason science and
technology are an integrated term in today's world.
Contribution of Science to Technology
Nature of Science and Technology
TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
It can be defined in the simplest term as – ‘know-
how’. It includes a range of basic skills such as
advancement in agriculture, development of
chemical industries, medical technology, software
engineering, etc.
UNDERSTANDING OF THE ATTRIBUTES
OR ELEMENTS
It means knowledge and understanding of the
intelligence of workers, the quality of products, the
value of a firm, the effectiveness of the market, etc.

Contribution of Science to Technology "What are the distinct roles of science and
technology, and how does acknowledging their
individual significance contribute to our
understanding of their impact on societal progress
and development?"

(2) CULTURE and

Technology
Science as a source of engineering (suspension
bridge)
WHAT IS CULTURE?
CULTURE is an umbrella term that encompasses
the social behavior and norms found in human
societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts,
laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the
individuals in these groups.
Definition from different sociologists:
“Culture is the complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs and
habits, and any capabilities acquired by man as a
member of society.
- Edward Tylor
“Culture is social heredity, which is transmitted
from one generation to another with the
accumulation of individual experiences.”
- Ralph Linton
“Culture is the way of life which is transmitted from
generation to generation."
- John Beatti
The 8 Elements of Culture
SOCIAL GROUPS
When a culture organizes its members into smaller
groups
What might some smaller groups be in a culture?
 Families (nuclear family, extended family)
 Friends
 Religious groups
 Social classes (rank of people in order of
status: money, occupation, education)
 Occupation
 Interest groups
ARTS & LITERATURE
It teaches about a culture's values. Promote cultural
pride and unity.
HISTORY
History is an important element of culture. It is a
record of the past that provides a sense of identity
and continuity to a society. Historical events,
figures, and places are often celebrated and
commemorated in various ways, such as through
festivals, monuments, museums, and other cultural
practices.
DAILY LIFE
 Rules of behavior (written and unwritten)
 What/how people eat, what they wear, homes
they build.
ECONOMY
 How people earn a living?
 Four Types of Economic System
 Traditional - people produce most of
what they need to survive.
 Market - basic economic questions are
answered by buying/selling goods and
services.
 Command - goverment controls
answers to economic questions.
 Mixed - individuals make some
economic decisions, the government
makes others.
GOVERNMENT
People form governments to provide for their
common needs.
Types:
 Democracy - people have supreme power.
 Republic - people choose leaders to represent
them.
 Dictatorship - a ruler or group holds power
by force.
LANGUAGE
Important for communication and passing on
traditions and beliefs.
RELIGION
 Monotheism - belief in one god
  Polytheism - belief in more than one god.
Major world religions: Judaism, Christianity,
Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism
become the basis for an established consensus. It
can be influenced by various factors, such as
culture, religion, family, education, and personal
experience. (right or wrong in a certain group or
base sa nakapag sunduan)

How does technology plays a significant role in

shaping culture and society? Sample:
 Some culture may value honesty more than
others.
Technology Shapes Culture  Some religion prohibits certain actions that
Technology has a profound impact on culture. It others may allow.
influences the way people communicate, entertain
themselves, and interact with each other.
Technology has been embedded in people’s lives MORALITY
ETHICS
since the dawn of homo sapiens, and it continues to It is the
shape different cultures and differentiate one from The rules of Both
standards for
another. deciding proper deals
behavior that
conduct that with
ecist at some
apply to all or a the
Technology has also enabled the rapid exchange of point in time
specific group, princi
cultural ideas, values, and practices on a global and are based
and are ples of
on each person's
scale, facilitating cross-cultural understanding recognized by right
own principles
collaboration. an external or
or the norms of
source, or social wrong
local
system.
The technology landscape for businesses has community.
changed beyond recognition over the past 50 years.
Here are 5 ways that technology has changed the
way that we work.

(3) Ethics and Information Filipino Conflicting Morals

Technology
Every society forms a set of rules that establishes
the boundaries of generally accepted behavior.
These rules are often expressed in statements about
how people should behave, and the individual rules
fit together to form the moral code by which a
society lives.
What is Ethics?
Ethics is a set of beliefs about right and wrong
behavior within a society. It can help in making
decisions in various situations, such as personal,
social, professional, or environmental contexts.
Sample of ethical issues:
 Should we lie to protect someone feelings?
 Is it acceptable to use animals for research?
What is Morality?
Morality refers to social conventions about right
and wrong that are so widely shared that they
Hypothetical situation #01. A business tycoon
hires a young man because he sees his potential,
despite the latter’s limited work experience. The
young man flourishes in his job, eventually forming
his own company, and setting up his own children
for good futures. His daughter becomes a customs
official. One day, the tycoon, whose business is still
steadily expanding, shows up at her office, asking
her to look the other way when he fails to pay
import taxes on machinery. He makes a few subtle
references to the old days when he first hired her
father and laid the foundation for her family’s
current prosperity. Understanding the situation, she
feels she has little choice but to do as he wants. He
sends her a Tiffany bangle for her next birthday —
a diamond-studded shackle symbolizing her
family’s continued debt to him.
The customs official clearly broke the law. Legally
speaking, she ought to have refused the offer, and
then reported her father’s former employer to the
authorities. But from another perspective, she
respected the unwritten rules of "utang na loob",
compounded with the injunction to respect her
elders. Considering the weakness of our
bureaucratic institutions in enforcing laws, we can
count more on the prospect of being punished for
our social, rather than our legal, transgressions.
There would be all sorts of informal but highly
effective ways of penalizing her, in case she did
decide to turn the tycoon over to the law. She would
likely be considered dangerous and problematic,
especially if her colleagues regularly participate in
bribery and shady deals. Ironically, she might even
be accused of besmirching her family’s honor by
reneging on the debt of gratitude she inherited from
her father. And the tycoon would likely still walk
away, free to smuggle another day.
Hypothetical situation #02. A group of employees
might bond over their devout Catholicism — while
forgetting to find ways to befriend their Muslim
colleague. The other workers spot him sitting alone
at lunchtime day after day, but since nobody takes
the initiative to invite him to eat with them, the
situation never changes. He quits after months of
feeling ignored and left out. Nobody actually set out
to exclude him, but it happened anyway, due to a
lack of critical thinking about what it means to be
maka-Diyos..
What is Virtue?
 A virtue is a HABIT that inclines people to do
what is acceptable, and a vice is a habit of
unacceptable behavior.
 It is quality or character trait considered
morally good and desirable.
 It can be practice outwardly or inwardly;
establishing a higher guiding principle or
mindset (right view, right mindfulness, right
concentrations).
Sample of virtue:
Courage. It is a virtue because it contributes
to human flourishing, and it is a mean between
the deficiency of cowardice and the excess of
rashness.
Integrity. A person who acts with integrity
acts in accordance with a personal code of
principles. One approach to acting with
integrity—one of the cornerstones of ethical
behavior—is to extend to all people the same
respect and consideration that you expect to
receive from others.
What is Law?
Law is a system of rules that tells us what we can
and cannot do. Laws are enforced by a set of
institutions (the police, courts, law-making bodies).
Legal acts are acts that conform to the law.
Sample:
Philippine Constitution, Civil Laws, Labor
Laws, Business Laws
Ethics in IT
During the many IT breakthroughs in recent years,
the importance of ethics and human values has been
underemphasized—with a range of consequences.
Here are some examples that raise public concern
about the ethical use of information technology:
Many employees have their email and Internet
access monitored while at work, as employers
struggle to balance their need to manage
important company assets and work time with
employees’ desire for privacy and self-
direction.
Millions of people have downloaded music
and movies at no charge and in apparent
violation of copyright laws at tremendous
expense to the owners of those copyrights.
Organizations contact millions of people
worldwide through unsolicited email (spam)
as an extremely low-cost marketing approach.
Students around the world have been caught
downloading material from the Web and
plagiarizing content for their term papers.
Websites plant cookies or spyware on visitors’
hard drives to track their online purchases and
activities.
Hackers break into databases of financial and
retail institutions to steal customer
information, then use it to commit identity
theft—opening new accounts and charging
purchases to unsuspecting victims.
Professionals
A profession is a calling that requires specialized
knowledge and often long and intensive academic
preparation. The United States Code of Federal
Regulations defines a “professional employee” as
one who is engaged in the performance of work:
i. “requiring knowledge of an advanced type in a
field of science or learning…;
ii. requiring the consistent exercise of discretion
and judgment in its performance;
iii. which is predominantly intellectual and varied
in character (as distinguished from routine
mental, manual, mechanical, or physical
work); and
iv. which is of such character that the output
produced, or the result accomplished by such
work cannot be standardized to a given
period.”
Professionals Relationships
A professional relationship is a good
understanding between colleagues, clients, or any
other important person for various reasons. The
relationship involves work-related issues and
businesses.
 Between IT Workers and Employers
 Between IT Workers and Clients
 Between IT Workers and Suppliers
 Between IT Workers and Other Professionals
 Between IT Workers and IT Users
 Between IT Workers and Society
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IT
PROFESSIONALS AND EMPLOYERS
 IT professionals must set an example and
enforce policies regarding the ethical use of
IT.
 Software piracy is the act of illegally making
copies of software or enabling others to access
software to which they are not entitled.
Software piracy is an area in which IT
professionals can be tempted to violate laws
and policies.
 Protection of trade secrets
 Whistle-blowing
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IT
PROFESSIONALS AND CLIENTS
 IT professional provides hardware, software,
or services at an agreed cost and within an
agreed time frame. The client provides
compensation and access to necessary
information and resources. The relationship is
usually documented in a contract.
 Ethical questions arise if a company
recommends its own products and services, or
products of affiliated companies, to remedy
problems they have detected.
 Ethical problems arise if a company does not
provide full and accurate reporting of a
project’s status.
 Fraud: obtaining goods, services, or property
through false statements.
 Fraudulent misrepresentation: an instance of
fraud where:
*The party making the false statement is
aware that it is false
*The party making the false statement does so
to induce another party to enter into a contract,
and
*The other party enters the contract as a result
of the false statement and consequently suffers
a loss.
 Breach of contract
 Disputes may be settled in court. More often,
they are settled out of court, to minimize legal
costs and bad publicity.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IT
PROFESSIONALS AND SUPPLIER
 Develop good relationships with suppliers
deal fairly with suppliers do not make
unreasonable demands.
 Bribery: providing money, property, or favors
to someone in business or government to
obtain a business advantage.
 U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
makes it a crime to bribe a foreign official, a
foreign political party official, or a candidate
for foreign political office.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IT
PROFESSIONALS & OTHER
PROFESSIONALS
 Professionals owe each other adherence to a
profession’s code of conduct.
- there is a sense of mentorship and
community
 Ethical problems between members of the IT
profession
- résumé inflation
- inappropriate sharing of corporate
information - IT staff often have access to
confidential corporate information and
may share it inappropriately in informal
interactions with other IT professionals.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IT
PROFESSIONALS & IT USERS
 IT user: a person for whom a hardware or
software product is designed.
 Duties of IT professionals to IT users:
- understand users’ needs and capabilities •
provide products and services that best
meet those needs.
- establish an environment that supports
ethical behavior by users.
- discourage/prevent:
- software piracy
- inappropriate (e.g., personal) use of
corporate IT resources
- insecure computing practice
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IT
PROFESSIONALS & SOCIETY
 Actions of an IT professional can affect
society.
 Society expect professionals to not cause harm
(=trust)
 Society expects professionals to provide
benefits.
 IT professionals should have a sense of
responsibility, not to damage the IT
community’s reputation, as well as their own
personal reputation.
The Ethical Behavior of IT
Professionals
Corporations are taking action to ensure good
business ethics among employees.
Professional Codes of Ethics
A professional code of ethics states the principles
and core values that are essential to the work of a
particular occupational group. Practitioners in many
professions subscribe to a code of ethics that
governs their behavior.
Law does not provide a complete guide to ethical
behavior, following a professional code of ethics
can produce many benefits for the individual, the
profession, and society as a whole.
BENEFITS FOR INDIVIDUAL, PROFESSION,
AND SOCIETY
Ethical decision making — Adherence to a
professional code of ethics means that practitioners
use a common set of core values and beliefs as a
guideline for ethical decision making.
High standards of practice and ethical behavior
—Adherence to a code of ethics reminds
professionals of the responsibilities and duties that
they may be tempted to compromise to meet the
pressures of day-to-day business.
Trust and respect from the general public —
Public trust is built on the expectation that a
professional will behave ethically.
Evaluation benchmark — A code of ethics
provides an evaluation benchmark that a
professional can use as a means of self-assessment.
Peers of the professional can also use the code for
recognition or censure.
PROFESSIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Professional organizations enable:
 building of professional and working
relationships
 sharing of useful information (stay up-to-date)
 provides a stamp of adhering to defined
standards
Most prominent organizations of IT professionals
are
Certifications
Certification indicates that a professional possesses
a particular set of skills, knowledge, or abilities, in
the opinion of the certifying organization.
Deciding on the best IT certification—and even
whether to seek a certification— depends on the
individual’s career aspirations, existing skill level,
and accessibility to training.
Vendor Certifications
 Some certifications substantially improve IT
workers’ salaries and career prospects.
 Relevant for narrowly defined roles, or aspects
of broader roles.
 Requires passing a written exam.
 Commonly involves recertification as newer
technologies become available.
Industry Association Certifications
There are many available industry certifications in
a variety of IT related subject areas. Their value
varies greatly depending on where people are in
their career path, what other certifications they
possess, and the nature of the IT job market.
IT Professional Malpractice
Negligence has been defined as not doing
something that a reasonable person would do or
doing something that a reasonable person would
not do. Duty of care refers to the obligation to
protect people against any unreasonable harm or
risk.
The courts decide whether parties owe a duty of
care by applying a reasonable person standard to
evaluate how an objective, careful, and
conscientious person would have acted in the
same circumstances. Likewise, defendants who
have particular expertise or competence are
measured against reasonable professional
standards.
If a court finds that a defendant owed a duty of
care, it must determine whether the duty was
breached. A breach of the duty of care is the
failure to act as a reasonable person would act.
Professionals who breach the duty of care are
liable for injuries that their negligence causes.
This liability is commonly referred to as
professional malpractice.
Common Ethical Issues for IT Users
1. Software Piracy
Software piracy in a corporate setting can
sometimes be directly traceable to IT
professionals—they might allow it to happen,
or they might actively engage in it.
2. Inappropriate Use of Computing Resources
Some employees use their computers to surf
popular Web sites that have nothing to do with
their jobs, participate in chat rooms, view
pornographic sites, and play computer games.
3. Inappropriate Sharing of Information
Every organization stores vast amounts of
information that can be classified as either
private or confidential.
 Supporting Ethical Practices of IT
Users
 Establishing Guidelines for Use of Company
Software
 Structuring Information Systems to Protect
Data and Information
 Defining and Limiting the Appropriate Use of
IT Resources
 Installing and Maintaining a Corporate
Firewall
 LESSON 2:
DISTRUPTIVE
TECHNOLOGY
Movies & Rentals
Today, Netflix streams movies and has more than
151 million paid subscribers in over 190 countries
around the world. It offers a wide range of TV
series, documentaries, and feature films across a
wide variety of genres and languages, including
original productions.
1920-1930
TV sets are available to a privileged few with a
price tag of $200-$600. The screen size was 5-inch,
9, and 12 inches. It offered only 5 channels. The
picture was broadcast in black and white.
What is Disruptive Innovation?
Disruptive Innovation a term of art coined by
Clayton Christensen, describes a process by which a
product or service takes root initially in simple
applications at the bottom of a market and then
relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing
established competitors.
What is Disruptive Technology?
Disruptive Technology is an innovation that
significantly alters the way consumers, industries,
or businesses operate. A disruptive technology
sweeps away the systems or habits it replaces
because it has attributes that are recognizably
superior (Smith, 2022).
Disruptive Innovation = Simple, Affordable
Solution to Your Customer’s Problem
15 DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
1. Robots Become Coworkers As robots start to be
employed for an increasing range of job roles
well beyond the production line. With
investment in advanced robotics increasing, we
will see the rise of sobots, social robots who can
read emotions and talk, used as digital
assistants.
2. From Wearable to Implantables While 2016 saw
increasing use of health and fitness trackers in
the insurance and healthcare industries,
disruption is more likely to come from
experimentation with technology for inside the
body. Up to 50,000 people already have
electronic RFID implants, and Intel now has a
chip for controlling smart devices in the brain.
3. Bots Usurp Apps Advancements in AI-fueled
machine learning and cloud software have led to
real improvements in chatbot performance and
real opportunities for businesses to take
advantage.
4. Genetically Modified Lifeforms In 2016, DNA
editing on the Clustered Regularly Interspaced
Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) genome
editing platform transformed biology.
5. AI Replaces White Collar Expertise Machine
learning successes showcased AI as a (more)
reliable way of replacing smart people working
out patterns.
6. 3D Printing Gets Industrial With the speed and
scale of 3D printing increasing exponentially in
the last 3 years, it will soon move from being a
tech novelty to a core part of the manufacturing
and construction process in many industries.
7. Quantum Computing Gets Practical Companies
start to think carefully about the effect that
quantum computing will have on their business
models, with the potential they bring for
massive process and data disruption.
8. Self Driving Vehicles On the High Street Most
of the large automotive groups are developing
prototypes or have bought driverless tech
companies and are regaining lost ground.
9. Blockchain Disrupts More than Banks The
disruptive potential of blockchain technologies
has in 2016 proven not to be limited to
currencies like Bitcoin disrupting the banking
and mortgage systems.
10. Virtual Reality as a Commercial Reality No
longer limited to the entertainment and gaming
sectors. Education and healthcare are at the
forefront of this innovation, with other uses also
being found in everything from real estate to
travel.
11. From Augmented Reality to Mixed Reality
Augmented Reality was only really propelled
into the limelight in the summer of 2016 when
Pokemon Go became a global phenomenon, and
 yet the AR industry is predicted to hit global
revenues of $90 billion by 2020.
12. Robots Teaching Themselves Self-teaching
robots have been one of the breakthroughs of
2016, more examples of bot to-bot
communication in which one machine shares its
learning with another and deep learning-based
networks which robots can tap into and teach
themselves.
13. Cybersecurity Wars One thing is sure nobody
can afford to ignore potential threats. The
proliferation of big data and the rise of IoT
makes businesses and consumers vulnerable,
and huge investment is being poured into the
area.
14. The Things are Taking Over the Internet With
applications ranging from gardening, transport,
energy, and sport to farming and medicine,
connected cars and smart homes are now
realities. Yet while it is in smart cities and
industrial IoT that significant changes to
productivity, lifestyles and business models will
be seen.
15. Renewables and Clean Energy Diversify With
increasing public appetite for green energy, and
a growing awareness of the transformational
potential for the developing world, expect to
more disruption to energy companies and see
more innovation in solar, wind, tidal, biomass,
and geothermal technologies, and virtual power
stations.

EXAMPLES: Uber, Airbnb, Snapchat, Alibaba,

Netflix, Ios, Google, Waze

SUMMARY
Disruptive Innovation/Technology brands
understand consumer trends before they become
trends and capitalize on them better than their
competitors. Many of these brands understand the
shift to a sharing economy and have designed their
business model accordingly.
 LESSON 3: Role Of
Information & Communication
Technology
ICT Users
People use a variety of computers, mobile devices,
and apps everyday.
Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
Information and communication technologies are
those technologies which enable society to process,
collect consolidate, communicate, manage and
process information in multimedia and various
digital formats for different purposes by using
telecommunication techniques.
"ICT is the scientific, technological and engineering
disciplines and the management techniques used to
handle, transmit information with men and
machines“-UNESCO
Impact of ICT
Developments of ICT have provided exchanging of
information anytime, anywhere, in the digital
format lend by computers. The technological
convergence has brought an enormous impact in
everyday life. Such as use of ICT in
communications, business, education, scientific
exploration, etc.
Technological Use
1. EDUCATION Computers can be used to give
learners audio-visual packages, interactive
exercises, and remote learning, including
tutoring over the internet.
2. GOVERNMENT Various government
departments use computers to improve the
quality and efficiency of their services.
3. MILITARY Computers are used extensively by
the military. They are use for training purposes.
They are used for analyzing intelligence data.
4. RETAIL AND TRADE Computers can be
used to buy and sell products online - this
enables sellers to reach a wider market.
5. ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT Computers
can be used to create drawings, graphic designs,
and paintings. They can be used for playing
games.
6. HEALTHCARE Healthcare continues to be
revolutionized by computers.
7. SCIENCE Scientists were one of the first
groups to adopt computers as a work tool.
8. TRAVELS Computers can be used by travelers
to study timetables, examine route options, and
buy plane, train, or bus tickets.
9. PUBLISHING Computers can be used to
design pretty much any type of publication.
10. ENGINEERING Improves the performance of
construction processes in terms of cost, time,
quality and client satisfaction.
11. MANUFACTURING ICT can be used from
the stage of acquiring materials to selling the
finished products.

HEALTH CONCERNS USING

TECHNOLOGY
1. Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) RSI is an injury
or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons,
ligaments, and joints. Repeatedly performing
the same movements causes inflammation and
damage to the soft tissues (muscles, nerves,
tendons and tendon sheaths etc. ) resulting in
conditions such as such as trigger finger,
golfer's and tennis elbow and carpal tunnel.
2. Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) CVS is a
technology- related health condition that affects
eyesight. It is a condition resulting from
focusing the eyes computer on a or other display
device for protracted, uninterrupted periods of
time the eye's and muscles being unable to
recover from the constant tension required to
maintain focus on a close object.
3. Ergonomics It is an applied science devoted to
incorporating comfort, efficiency, and safety
into the design of items in the workplace.
4. Technology Addiction This occurs when the
technology consumes someone’s entire social
life

LESSON 4: DIGITAL DIVIDE

What is Digital Divide? 4. RELEVANCE The extent to which technology
meets the needs of individuals and communities.
Digital divide is a term that refers to the gap
between demographics and regions that have access
to modern ICT and those that don't or have The digital divides is often seen to
restricted access. This technology can include the
telephone, television, personal computers and the
exist along the following lines:
Internet. Between rich and poor communities
Between males and females
Between those in cities and those in rural areas
Dimensions of Digital Divide
Between rich and poor individual
1. ACCESS The availability of devices and
Between physically challenged and without
internet infrastructure.
disability
2. USAGE How people use technology for
education, employment, and daily life. Between literates and illiterates
3. SKILLS Digital literacy and the ability to use
technology effectively.
 Stages of Digital Divide By: Jakob
Nielsen Bridge the Digital Divide
Economic Divide  Increase digital literacy.
Usability Divide  Provide operational incentives to information
Empowerment Divide and communication technology entities.
 Develop relevant and local content in addition
to telecommunications infrastructure.
Causes of Digital Divide  Encourage the establishment of cyberclubs
1. Education  Establishment of workable partnerships between
2. Geographical Restrictions all information and communication technology
3. Digital Literacy stakeholders
4. Income Levels  Promote innovations geared towards
5. Motivation and General Interest overcoming the digital divide.

Pros and Cos of Digital Divide Solution to Bridge Digital Divide

PROS CONS  Increase affordability.
Increase profitability Expensive affair  Empowering users
Help converse culture Widen the segregation  Improve the relevance of online content.
and keep the societal between people  Internet infrastructure development
fabric intact  Address gender gap in internet access.
Phenomenon offers Impacts negatively on
increased opportunitie the economy

Impact of Digital Divide

1. EDUCATION One of the most significant
impacts of the digital divide is on education.
Students without access to digital tools and the
internet may struggle to keep up with their
digitally literate peers. This can result in lower
educational outcomes and reduced opportunities
for future success.
2. ECONOMY Access to digital resources and
skills is increasingly important in the modern
job market. Those who lack digital access are
often excluded from well-paying jobs and
economic opportunities. This can lead to
increased income inequality.
3. SOCIAL In an increasingly interconnected
world, those without digital access may become
socially isolated. They may miss out on social
interactions, news, and cultural experiences that
are facilitated by digital technologies.
4. SOCIETY Loss of social opportunities,
deepening stratification, barriers to digital
literacy, and reduced economic growth.
5. CULTURE Digital technologies are
instrumental in preserving cultural heritage and
knowledge. Those without access may struggle
to document and protect their cultural heritage
or access digital resources for learning.

Effect in Education
1. Lack of exploitation of full potential hence low
performance
2. Enhanced convenience in learning
3. Decreased productivity among the poor.
4. Unfair competitive edge
5. A difference in the learning experience