Male Reproductive System of Swine

1. TESTES
• The testes are the primary reproductive organs in boar.
• They are responsible for producing sperm and the male sex hormone, testosterone.

2. EPIDIDYMIS
• The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the surface of each testis.
• It serve as a site for the storage and maturation of sperm .

3. VAS DEFERENS
• The vas deferens is a muscular tube that transport mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during
ejaculation.

4. PENIS
• The penis is the male organ used for copulation.
• It contains the urethra , through which both urine and semen pass.

5. ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS

• Boars have several accessory sex glands, including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral. (SPB)
• These glands produce fluids that mix with sperm to form semen, providing nourishment and protection for the sperm.

Female Reproductive System of swine

1. OVARIES
• Pigs have a pair of ovaries , which are responsible for producing eggs ( oocytes ) and
• female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

2. OVIDUCTS
• Also known as fallopian tubes, the oviducts are responsible for capturing the released eggs from the ovaries and
providing a site for fertilization occur.
• They transport the fertilized eggs ( embryos ) towards the uterus

3. UTERUS
• The uterus, also called the womb, is where the fertilized eggs implant and develop into embryos
• In pigs, the uterus is divided into two long horns, which allow for the development of multiple embryos.

4. CERVIX
• The cervix is a muscular structure that separates the uterus from the vagina
• It acts as a barrier to protect the uterus from infections and foreign substances.
• During estrus ( heat ) , the cervix relaxes to allow the passage of sperm into the uterus.

5. VAGINA
• The vagina is the muscular canal that connects the cervix to the external genitalia.
• It serves as the birth canal during parturition ( giving birth ) and also receives the penis during mating.

6. VULVA
• The vulva is the external opening of the female reproductive tract.
• It consist of the labia, clitoris and urethral opening.
• It protects the internal reproductive organs from external contaminants.

• The reproductive cycle of female pigs is characterized by a regular estrous cycle, which lasts approximately 21 days.
• During estrus, the female pig is receptive to mating and ovulation occurs.
• If fertilization occurs , the embryos develop in the uterus, leading to pregnancy.
• If fertilization does not occur, the female pig will go through another estrous cycle.