Title: Definite Integration

Chapter: Definite Integration

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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Definite Integral as a limit of sum

Let f(x) be a continuous real valued function defined on the closed interval [a, b] which is divided into n
parts as shown in figure.

b−a
The point of division on x-axis are a, a + h, a + 2h ..........a + (n – 1)h, a + nh, where = h.
n
Let Sn denotes the area of these n rectangles.
Then, Sn = hf(a) + hf(a + h) + hf(a + 2h) + ........+hf(a + (n – 1)h)
Clearly, Sn is area very close to the area of the region bounded by curve y = f(x), x–axis and the ordinates
x = a, x = b.
b
Hence 
a
f(x) dx = Lt
n→
Sn

n −1 n −1
b
b−a  (b − a) r 
 f(x) dx = Lt
n→

r =0
h f(a + rh) = Lt
n→

r =0
 n 
 
f a +
 n 

a

Note:
1. We can also write
b−a  b−a 
b n
Sn = hf(a + h) + hf (a + 2h) + .........+ hf(a + nh) and  f(x) dx = Lt
n→

r =1
 n  f a + 
  
 r
 n  
a

n −1
r
1
1
2. If a = 0, b = 1,  f(x) dx = Lt
n→

r =0 n
f  
n 
0

Steps to express the limit of sum as definite integral:

r 1
Step 1. Replace by x, by dx and Lt by 
n n n→

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 r
Step 2. Evaluate Lt   by putting least and greatest values of r as lower and upper limits respectively.
n→
n
p
pn
1 r r r
For example Lt
n→

r =1 n
f   =
n
 f(x) dx ( Lt  
n→
 n  r =1
= 0, Lt  
n→
 n  r = np
= p)
0

 1 1 1 1 
Example # 1: Evaluate Lt  + + + ......... +
n→
1 + n 2 + n 3 + n 10n 

 1 1 1 1  9n
1
Solution: Lt
n →  1 + n

+
2 + n
+
3 + n
+ ......... +
10n 

= Lt
n→

r =1 r +n
9n 9
1 1 dx
   n (x + 1)0 = n 10
9
= Lt = =
n→
r =1 n r x +1
n +1
0
 

 n +1 n+2 n+3 1
Example # 2: Evaluate Lt  2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + ......... +  .
n→
n + 1 n + 2 n +3 n
r
1+
n
n+r n
1 r
Solution: Lt
n→
 n2 + r 2
= Lt
n→
 n
2
 Lt   = 0, when r = 1, lower limit = 0
n→
n
r =1 r =1 n  
r
1+  
n
r n
and Lt   = Lt   = 1, when r = n, upper limit = 1
n→
n n→
n
1
1
1+ x
1
1 1
1
2x 1 
 dx =  dx +  dx = [ tan–1x ]10 +  loge (1 + x 2 )
0 1 + x2 0 1 + x2 2 0 1 + x2 2 0
 1
= + n 2
4 2
1
 (2n) !  n
Example # 3: Evaluate: lim  n 
n →
n ! n 
1
 (2n)!  n 1  (2n)! 
Solution: Let y = lim  n 
 n y = lim n  n 
n → →
 n! n  n n  n! n 
1  2n(2n – 1)(2n – 2)....(n + 1) 
= lim n  
n → n
 nn 
n 1 1
1 x
= lim
n →
n
r =1
[n(1 + r/n)] =  n(1 + x)dx = (x n(1 + x))10 – 
1+ x
dx
0 0

= (x n(1 + x)) – (x – n(1 + x))10 = n2 – (1– n2) =n4/e  y = 4/e

1
0

Self Practice Problems:

Evaluate the following limits
1 n2 n2 1
(1) lim  + + + ..... + 
n → n
 (n + 1)3
(n + 2)3
8n 
 1 1 1 1
(2) lim + + + ....... + 
n →  1 + n 2+n 3+n
 5n 
1  3  2 3 n 
(3) lim sin + 2sin3 + 3 sin3 + ........ + nsin3
n → n2  4n 
 4n 4n 4n
n −1
1
(4) lim
n →

r =0 n − r2
2

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 1
  2 3 n  n
(5) lim  tan tan tan ......tan 
n →
 2n 2n 2n 2n 

3 2
Ans. (1) (2) n 5 (3) (52 – 15)
8 92

(4) (5) 1
2

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 Exercise I
1. Evaluate :
n −1
1
(i) Lim 
n →
r =0 n − r2
2

3  n n n n 
(ii) Lim 1 + + + + .......... + 
n → n  n+3 n+6 n+9 n + 3(n − 1) 

1  2n 
4 
(iii) lim (3nr 2 + 2n2r) 
n→ n  r =1 

/ 4
1
If n =  tan dx , then show that n + n – 2 =
n
2. (i) x
0
n −1

/2
n −1
n =  (sin x) dx, n  N . Show that n = n–2 n  2
n
(ii)
n
0

n
 r3 
3. lim
n →
 r 4  equals to :
+ n4 
r =1 
1 1 1
(A) n 2 (B) n 2 (C) n 2 (D) n 2
2 3 4

3n
n
4. Lt
n →

r = 2n + 1 r 2 − n2
is equal to:

2 3 2 3
(A) n (B) n (C) n (D) n
3 2 3 2

1/ n
 1  22   n2  
5. lim  1 + 2   1 + 2  ...  1 + 2   is equal to :
n →
 n   n   n 
e / 2
(B) 2 e2 e/2 (C) 2 e/2 (D) 2 e
2
(A)
2e 2 e

   2 (n − 1) 
6. lim sin n + sin n + ..... + sin n  is equals to:
n → n  
(A) 0 (B)  (C) 2 (D) 3

1
7. 
Let n = (1 − x3 )n dx, (n  N) then
0
(A) 3n n = (3n – 1) n–1  n  2 (B) (3n – 1)n = 3n n–1 n  2
(C) (3n – 1)n = (3n + 1) n–1  n  2 (D) (3n + 1)n = 3n n–1  n  2

T
1
T → T 
8. Let Lim (sin x + sinax)2 dx = L then
0
Column - I Column- II
(A) for a = 0, the value of L is (p) 0
(B) for a = 1 the value of L is (q) 1/2
(C) for a = – 1 the value of L is (r) 3/2
(D)  a  R – {–1, 0, 1} the value of L is (s) 2
(t) 1
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 Answer Key

1. (i) (ii) 2 (iii) 12
2
3. D 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D
8. A - q, B - s, C - p, D - t

Solution
n −1

n–1 1


1 1 1 1

1
1. (i) lim
n → 
n –r
2 2
= lim
n→ n 2
=  1− x 2
dx = sin–1 x  =
0 2
r = 0 r =0 r 0
1–  
n
n −1 n −1 1 1


3 n 3 1 1
(ii) lim
n → 

r = 0 n n + 3r
= lim
n → 
r =0
n 1 + 3r / n
= 
0
1 + 3x 
dx = (1 + 3x)−1/ 2 dx = 2
0

1   1  r  
2n 2n 2 1
r
  
2
(iii) lim  (3nr 2 + 2n2r)  = lim  3   + 2  n  = (3x 2 + 2x)dx = x3 + x 2 = 12
n → 
n4  r = 1 

n→ n 
 r = 1  n   0
0

/ 4 / 4
n =  tan  n – 2 =  tan
n n –2
2. (i) x dx x dx
0 0
/ 4 / 4 /4
 tann–1 x  1
n + n – 2 =  (tan  tan
n − 2
n
x + tan x) dx = n – 2
x. sec x 2
dx =   =
0 0  n − 1 0 n −1
/2 /2

 (sin x)  (sin x)
n−1 /2 n−2
(ii) n = sin x dx = (sinx)n–1(cosx) 0
+ (n – 1) cos2 xdx
0 0
/2
n −1
 (sin x)
n−2
 n = (n – 1) (1 − sin2 x)dx  n = (n – 1)n–2 – (n – 1)n  n = n–
n
0
 1  r  3

  3  1
n
n  n  = x3 1
3.  = lim
n → 

r =1
 r 4   1 + x 4
dx =
4
n2
 4 +1  0

 n 

3
3n
n 1 3n
1 3
dx 1 x −1  3
4. lim
n → 
 r – n2
2
= lim
n → 
 2
=  x –1
2
= n  = n
x + 1 2
2n + 1 n 2n + 1 r  2 2 2
n –1
 

1/ n
 1  22   n2 
5. S = lim  1 + 2  
1 + 2  ...  1 + 2 
n →
 n   n   n 
  1  22   n2  
n S = lim  n  1 + 2  + n  1 + 2  + ........ + n 1 + 2  
n → n  
n  n    
1 n
 r  2 1

= lim
n →
 n  1 + 2  =  1. n (1 + x 2 ) dx  nS = − 2 + n2
n r =1  n  0
2
  
−2 2
S = 2e 2 = 2e 2
· e– 2 = e2
e2

n −1
 r
1
6.  = lim
n → 

r =1 n
sin
n
=  sin x dx =  = [– cos + 1] = 2
0

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 1 1
n =  
(1 − x ) .1 dx = (1 – x3)n. x 0 – 3n (1 − x3 )n−1(1 − x3 − 1)dx
3 n 1
7.
0 0
 n = 0 – 3n(n – n–1)  (3n + 1) n = 3nn–1

T
L im  (sin x + sinax)2 dx
T →
8. Let  = 0
T
T T

 sin x dx  (1 − cos2x)dx sin2T

2
T−
(A) If a = 0,  = lim 0
= lim 0
= lim 2 =1
T → T T → 2T T → 2T 2
T
4 sin2 x dx
(B) If a = 1,  = lim 0
=2
T → T
(C) If a = –1 =0
(D) If a  R – {–1, 0}
T

 (sin x + sin2 ax + 2sin x sinax)dx

2

 = lim 0
T → T
1  
T T T

T → 2T   
= lim  (1 − cos 2x)dx + (1 − cos 2ax)dx + {cos(a − 1)x − cos(a + 1)x} dx 
 0 0 0 
1  sinT sin2aT sin(a − 1)T sin(a + 1) 
= lim 2T − − + −  =1
T → 2T  2 2a a −1 a +1 

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