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ACTIVITY 1
CORRECTION OF CRIMINALS

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CANONIZADO, MELANIE GARCIA

BS-CRIMINOLOGY 3-A

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 PUNISHMENT AND PENALTY
Penalties and punishments can appear to be very similar. Both are the result of
wrongdoings or flaws; however, punishments are usually the result of misbehavior,
whereas penalties are the result of breaking a rule or law. Punishing children or
enforcing strict consequences is a difficult task for many parents.

According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, penalty is the suffering in person,

rights, or property that is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a
crime or public offense. If I elaborate it more. A penalty can be monetary fine imposed
for failing to comply with a contract's terms. If I'm building a house for you and you need
it finished by a specific date, you may include a penalty in the contract for each day I'm
late. If it appears that I will be late, I may determine that paying the penalty is less
expensive than paying for extra aid, and hence pay it. I haven't done anything illegal or
broken any regulations; all I have done is accepted the penalty for being late.

Only a few countries, like the United States, Saudi Arabia, China, Iran, and
Egypt, use the death penalty, sometimes known as capital punishment. Some states in
the United States have banned or restricted its use. While the death penalty is still
controversial, especially in terms of access to skilled defense counsel, it used to be
much more common than it is now. The death sentence has a lengthy history, dating
back a few thousand years (FindLaw’s, 2019)

Punishment serves as a deterrence to rule-breaking conduct. It is something that

is imposed on you, not something that you agree to (though it can sometimes be
bargained). If a judge finds that I was late building your house because I was just
stealing your money, they may order me to pay you back (damages), as well as the late
fees agreed to in the contract (penalty) and additional money as punitive damages for
being a scammer (punishment). According to Krauth, (1996) the deliberate incision of
pain, misery, or the withdrawal of rights and/or freedom are common forms of

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punishment. In general, these activities are unethical. Our society/community, on the
other hand, use these measures to maintain peace and order, particularly in law-

breaking situations. To deter crime and violence, the community imposes

punishment. People are urged to be watchful and to report any information they may
have about the occurrence of violent crimes (Krauth, 1996).

Hammurabi, an ancient Babylonian monarch, believed in vengeance and used

the phrase "eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth." Punishment tactics have evolved since
Hammurabi's reign, which lasted from 1792 to 1750 B.C., and the establishment of
Hammurabi's Code, one of the first recorded rules of law. Today's social norms prohibit
unduly harsh or unorthodox penalties. It is necessary to employ rules, laws, and
regulations to justify a punishing act.

PENOLOGY AND CORRECTION

Penology is the study of punishment for crime or criminal offenders, whereas
Corrections is a part of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody,
monitoring, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

As the term signifies (from Latin Poena, “pain,” or “suffering”), penology has
stood in the past and, for the most part, still stands for the policy of inflicting punishment
on the offender as a consequence of wrongdoing; but it may reasonably be extended to
cover other policies, not punitive in character (psychology answer, 2019). Penology
(from "penal," Latin poena, "pain," and the Greek suffix -logia, "study of") is a sub-
discipline of criminology concerned with the philosophy and practice of various societies
in their attempts to curb criminal activity and appease public opinion through an
appropriate treatment regime for those convicted of criminal offenses.

Probation and parole are the two primary types of community corrections
supervision. Community supervision is another term for community corrections. A state
or the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) must physically keep a prisoner in one of its
institutions in order to have custody of that individual. Correction is the weakest pillar in

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the Philippine Criminal Justice System because it fails to reform convicts and prevent
them from returning to a life of crime (psychology answer, 2019).

The history of corrections is littered with both good intentions and egregious
misdeeds. Correctional techniques and facilities (e.g., galley slavery, transportation, jails
and prisons, and community corrections) were designed in part to remove or at least
manage and shape the riffraff—both impoverished and criminal—from the streets. To
avoid the employment of more violent or coercive solutions to such people, prisons and
community corrections were established. The focus of this chapter and the following
one is on the history of correctional operations in the Western world, notably American
corrections, and the recurring elements that run through and characterize it.

It is somewhat ironic that one of the best early analyses of themes and practices
in American prisons and jails was completed by two French visitors to the United States.
A History of Corrections Beaumont and Alexis de Tocqueville. While the country was in
its relative infancy, in 1831, and experiencing the virtual birthing of prisons themselves
(Beaumont & Tocqueville, 1833/1964). The irony is that, as outsiders and social critics,
Beaumont and Tocqueville could so clearly see what others, namely Americans, who
were thought to have “invented prisons” and who worked in them, were blind to. In this
chapter we will try to “see” what those early French visitors observed about Western
and specifically American correctional operations (Page hub, 2021).

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