Law Enforcement Organization and Administration

1. Define police.
Police is the agency of a community or government that is responsible for enforcing the law, maintaining public order, and
preventing and detecting crimes.
In ordinary communication, the word police can be used interchangeably with law enforcement agency. Strictly speaking,
however, it is not accurate to interchange the terms police and law enforcement agency because the term law enforcement agency
is broader. It includes other agencies under the executive branch of the government in charge with the execution or enforcement of
laws. As for instance, the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) enforces tax laws. (Lim, 2001)
Take Note: The concentration of this handbook is the Philippine National Police (PNP).
2. How did the term police evolve?
The term police was derived from the Roman word politia which means the condition of a State, government, and
administration. Politia originated from the Greek word politeia which means a group of persons that governs a city. It was the
French who translated the word politia to police to refer to a law enforcer. (University of Baguio & Tad-awan, 2009)
The Filipinos further translated the term police in a way for it to be compatible in the manner they pronounce and spell words
so the word pulis came out. Hence, policemen must know their jobs well so that the other term foolish will not be introduced as a
description of the members of the Philippine National Police (PNP). (Personal Opinion of TMT)
Take Note: The term police is not the same with policeman. Police refers to the agency, while policeman refers to the person
employed in that agency. The former is a juridical person, while the latter is a natural person. (Encarta Encyclopedia, 2008)
The preceding paragraph speaks of a juridical person and a natural person, what is the distinction between the two?
A Juridical person is a being of legal existence susceptible of rights and legal obligations or a being subject of juridical
relations. It refers to a corporation, partnership, association, entity, and the like. A Natural person, on the other hand, refers to a
human being. (Moreno, 1998 & Gandeza, 2004)

Police Planning
1. What are the fundamental theories of police service?
The two fundamental theories of police service are the following:
a. Continental Theory; and
Under the Continental Theory, policemen are considered as servants of higher authorities and the people have little
or no share at all in their duties, nor have any direct connection with them. This prevails in countries like France, Italy, and
Spain where the governmental structure follows the centralization pattern.

b. Home Rule Theory.

Under the Home Rule Theory, policemen are considered as servants of the community, who depend on their
effectiveness in performing their functions. This is practiced in England and in the United States where the governmental
structure is decentralized. (http://www.slideshare.net/domskie/polce-org-anization-ang-administration)
2. What are the fundamental concepts concerning police service?
The fundamental concepts concerning police service are the following:
a. Old concept; and
Under the Old Concept, the public look at policemen to be more effective if they conduct numerous arrests and put
behind bars what they have arrested.

b. Modern concept
Under the Modern Concept, the public look at policemen as more effective in the absence of crime. Police functions
are not limited to the act of arresting offenders or to other matters dealing with offenders. Police functions at present include
public service. (Manwong & Delizo, 2005)
3. What are the basic terminologies in relation to police planning?
The basic terminologies in relation to police planning include the following:
a. Authority;
Authority is the right to command and control a behavior.

b. Delegation of authority;
Delegation of authority is the act of a person, higher in authority, conferring power, authority, duty, or responsibility to
the lower authority.

c. Manage;
To manage is to direct or conduct the affairs or interest of various units.

d. Organizing;
Organizing is the act of systematically arranging different units in hierarchical order in order to perform specific
functions in achieving desired objectives.

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 e. Organization;
Organization is an association of human beings to attain a specific goal or objective. For an organization to be
successful, it must be both effective and efficient.

The distinctions between efficiency and effectiveness are the following:

 Efficiency refers to doing things in a right manner, while effectiveness refers to doing the right things;
 Efficiency focuses on getting the maximum output with minimum resources, while effectiveness focuses on
measuring if the actual output meets the desired output; and
 Efficiency focuses on the process or means, while effectiveness focuses on the end.
(http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-efficiency-and-effectiveness/, http://www.visitask.com/effectiveness-g.asp &
http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-efficiency-and-effectiveness/)

f. Police accountability.
Police accountability is the inherent responsibility of a police organization to be answerable for the misconducts
committed by its members.

g. Police administration;
Police administration is an organizational process concerned with the implementation of the objectives and plans,
and internal operating efficiency of the police organization.

h. Police management;
Police management is the act of administering, controlling, or handling various aspects of police organization.

i. Police functions;
Police functions refer to the duties and responsibilities carried out by police agencies concerning public order and
public safety.

j. Police organization;
Police organization is a number of police units systematically arranged for some purpose or objective.

k. Police power;
Police power is the inherent power of the government to impose reasonable restrictions on the liberties of its citizens
for the maintenance of public order and safety.
Take Note: The other inherent powers of the government are the power of taxation and the power of eminent domain. (Nolledo,
2005) (Other sources: Manwong & Delizo, 2005)

4. What are the various units of a police organization?

The various units of a police organization are the following:
a. Functional units;
b. Line units; and
c. Geographical/Territorial units
The Functional Units of a police organization are the following:
 Bureau is the largest organic functional unit within a large department;
 Division is a primary subdivision of a bureau;
 Section is a unit within a division that is necessary for specialization; and
 Unit is the functional group within a section. It is the smallest functional group within an organization
The Line Units of a police organization refer to the personnel who directly interact with the public.
The Geographical or Territorial Units of a police organization are the following:
 Post is the fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty;
 Route is a line of streets designated for patrol purposes. It is also known as Line Beat;
 Beat is an area assigned for patrol purposes, whether by foot or by vehicle;
 Sector is an area containing two or more beats, routes, or posts;
 District is a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually within its own station; and
 Area is a territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated districts. (Other source: University of Baguio & Tad-awan, 2009)
5. What are the types of police organizational structures?
The types of police organizational structures are the following:
a. Line Type Police Organization;
The Line Type Police Organization is a straight line organization which is often called the individual, military, or
departmental type of organization. It is the simplest and clearest form of police organization.
b. Line and Staff Police Organization; and
The Line and Staff Type Police Organization combines line units and staff (support) units so that services of
personnel performing special functions can be provided to police officers performing line functions
c. Functional Type.
The Functional Type is that where personnel have to serve several heads. (Manwong & Delizo, 2005; University of Baguio & Tad-
awan, 2009)

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6. What are police manager’s main administrative functions?
Sound police organization requires that the following management functions must be performed with effectiveness and
efficiency: (given the acronym of PODSCoRB)
a. Planning;
Planning is the process of selecting goals and determining how to achieve them. It includes the act of selecting
missions and objectives, the policies, the programs and the procedure, and the course of action on how to achieve them. It
requires decision making. Decision making is the act of choosing from among the alternative courses of action.
b. Organizing;
Organizing is the process of making an organization fit with its objectives, resources, and environment.
c. Directing;
Directing is the process of giving orders, commands, directives, or instructions to personnel in order to rule or guide
them in accomplishing the goals or objectives of an organization.
d. Staffing;
Staffing is the act of placing personnel to the positions in the organizational structure considering their qualifications.

The following are different staffing activities:

 Recruitment refers to the set of activities and processes used to legally obtain a sufficient number of right people for
specific positions.
 Selection is the process of choosing from among the candidates the most suitable person for the current position or for
future position.
What is the Next – in – Rank – Rule in relation to selection?
The Next – in – Rank – Rule states that the appointing authority must prioritize the selection of next in rank
in filling up a vacant position. This rule is not, however, absolute. The appointing authority may still appoint any other
person aside from the next in rank provided he must state the reason of not complying with said rule.

 Appraisal is the process of measuring performance.

 Training is the act of improving the ability required in the current job.
 Development is the act of improving the ability required in the future job.
e. Coordinating;
Coordinating is the manner of integrating the different elements within and outside of an organization into a
harmonious relationship.
f. Recording; and
Recording is the system of classifying and compiling written communications going inside and going outside of an
organization.
g. Budgeting.
Budgeting is the management of income and expenditures within the organization.
The resources of a police organization can be managed effectively if police officers consider the following principles in police
management:
 Unity of Objectives;
In the Unity of Objectives, the members of a police organization must be motivated by a common thing in
accomplishing a common mission.
 Scalar Principle;
In the Scalar Principle, a vertical hierarchy of organization is required. The unbroken chain of command from top to
bottom must be observed.
 Unity of Command;
In the Unity of Command, a set of police officers should be under the control of only one superior police officer.
 Span of Control;
In the Span of Control, a superior must manage a number of persons that he can effectively control.
 Delegation of Authority; and
In the Delegation of Authority, a superior may delegate some of his duties to his subordinates for it is impossible for
him to perform all the duties that he is required to perform. Said superior is, however, responsible for the neglect of his
subordinates.
Take Note: In signing a document in behalf of a superior, an agent is not liable provided he acted within the authority
given, he made an indication that he signed as an agent, and he must have disclosed the name of his superior
(principal). (Sec 20 of Act 2031)
 Line and Staff Principle.
In the Line and Staff Principle, various functions are arranged into a workable pattern. This principle states that
operational units are responsible for the direct accomplishment of the objectives, while the administrative units are
responsible for the support or advisory functions to facilitate the capacity of the operational units. (Other sources: Manwong &
Delizo, 2005; University of Baguio & Tad-awan, 2009;http://www.slideshare.net/domskie/polce-org-anization-ang-administration)

History of Police
1. What were the significant developments of Police in the international setting especially in England?

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 The development of police in England was divided according to time and they were as follows:
a. Anglo-saxon period (years 600 – 1066);
b. Norman period (years 1066 – 1284);
c. Westminster period ( years 1285 – 1500); and
d. Modern period in England (17th – 19th Century). (University of Baguio & Tad-awan, 2009)

2. What were the significant developments during the Anglo – saxon Period in England?
During the Anglo – saxon period in England, the practiced policing systems, compared with the present Philippine policing
system, are the following:
a. Thanes Policing System;
King Alfred the Great introduced a type of internal police force whereby landowners (known as “Thanes”) throughout
his kingdom were responsible to police their own territory. As such, the landowners are empowered to arrest offenders and
deliver them to the King. They were also empowered to settle civil litigations.
b. Frankpledge Policing System;
The Frankpledge Policing System was carried out under a system called Frankpledge or mutual pledge whereby
every male over twelve (12) years old joined nine (9) of his neighbors to form tythingmen. Said tythingmen performed police
works. Anyone who failed to join and perform this duty was severely fined.
c. Tun Policing System;
The Tun Policing System required all male residents to guard the town to preserve peace and order, protect the life
and property of the people, and suppress other factors affecting peace and order. Tun was the forerunner of the word “town.”
d. Hue and Cry Policing System;
The Hue and Cry Policing System was carried out by a victim of a crime to shout for help at the middle of the
community. Once heard by male residents, they automatically assemble to apprehend the perpetrator.
e. Royal Judge; and
The Royal Judge conducts criminal investigation and gives appropriate punishment for the crime committed.
f. Trial by Ordeal.
The Trial by Ordeal requires a suspect to put his hands over boiling water or is required to perform any other act
which may hurt him. If he was hurt, the society considered him guilty; otherwise, he was not considered guilty. This was in
accordance with the belief by the people before that God will protect the innocent one from being hurt.
3. What are the significant developments during the Norman Period in England?
During Norman Period in England, the following policing systems were practiced:
a. Shire – Reeve System;
The Shire – Reeve System was observed during the time when King William Norman became the ruler of England.
King Norman divided the kingdom into 55 military districts known as Shire – Reeves where Shire was used to refer to a
district and Reeve was used to refer to the ruler of that district. Said ruler made laws, rendered judgment, and imposed
penalties.
b. Court of the Tourn;
The Court of the Tourn settles a range of cases, more often dealing with petty offenses and civil matters. From the
Court, 12 tythingmen were selected to hear cases of serious in nature.
c. Court Leet
To handle local legal matters in some, but all, communities, the Normans established the “Court Leet,” which looked
after matters of purely local interest and petty village nuisances. The head of the Court Leet was the “Comes Stable,” which
means “Master of the House”. The Comes Stable was also appointed by the King to be responsible in keeping peace and
order in a specific area. This appointee was, however, under the responsibility of local officials who could petition to remove
him if he did not perform his job properly. After a period of time, “Comes Stable” became “Constable” which is used today to
refer to members of the police force.
d. Leges Henry;
The Leges Henry was passed during the time of King Henry I and its features, together with their comparison with the
Philippine policing system at present, were the following:
 The law violations were classified as offenses against the King;
 The policemen were considered as public officials; and
 The policemen and citizens were given the power to conduct arrest.
e. Keepers of Peace; and
The Keepers of peace was a proclamation issued by King Richard of England in 1195 requiring the appointment of
knights to maintain peace and order at the place where the king is residing. The knights were posted on bridges and gates to
check the people entering and leaving the town or cities.
f. Magna Carta (Great Charter).
The Magna Carta (Great Charter) was sealed by King John of England on June 15, 1215. This became a law upon
the demand of the Knights of the Round Table and it had the following declarations:
 No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned, disposed, outlawed, or bowed except by legal judgment of his peers;
 No person should be tried for murder unless there is proof of the body of the victim; and
 There should be national and local government as well as the national and local legislation. (Other source: Tradio, 1996; PLT
College, 2011)

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4. What were the significant developments during the Westminster Period in England?
During Westminster period in England, the following policing systems were practiced:
a. Statute of Winchester (1285 – 1500);
The Statute of Winchester was enacted introducing the system of Watch and Ward.
Take Note: In the Philippines, it depends upon the barangay, municipal, or city government to enact a system of watch and
ward by means of an ordinance. Once enacted, the barangay, municipality, or city will employ the tanods or the barangay
police to patrol especially at night. This authority of the local governments is a way of giving them local autonomy. (Personal
Opinion of TMT incorporating the principles of the Local Government Code of the Philippines)
It must be stressed further that the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) issued a memorandum circular prescribing
guidelines and procedures governing the deputation of barangay tanods as members of Police Auxiliary Units (PAU) and
authorizing the deployment of PNP uniformed personnel to act as supervisor of PAU members. This memorandum circular
authorized the deputation of barangay tanods as members of PAU of local governments only when there is a pressing need
to involve their services in the suppression of insurgency and other serious threats to national security. The need for the
deputation of barangay tanods shall be determined based on area assessment by the Directorate for Intelligence. (NAPOLCOM
Memorandum Circular No 2008 – 013)
b. Statute of 1295;
The Statute of 1295 introduced the closure of gates of London. This started the observation of curfew hours.
Take Note: In Philippine setting, curfew is being imposed or not depending upon an ordinance passed by the local
government. Violation of curfew hours, in most cases, is only committed by minors. (Estrada, 2005).
Said violation is considered as a Status Offense. Status Offenses refer to those which discriminate only a child, while an
adult does not suffer any penalty for committing similar acts. These include curfew violations, truancy, parental disobedience,
and the like. (Sec. 4 of RA 9344)
c. Justice of Peace; and
Justice of Peace was the position given to respectable citizens. These persons were given the right to conduct arrest
and imprison offenders.
Take Note: In Philippine setting, the persons given the right to conduct arrest and imprison offenders are known as Police
Officers. Under the Rules of Court, however, the Police Officers are called Peace Officers.
d. Star Chamber of Court.
The Star Chamber of court was established as a special court to try offenders against the State.
It later on, however, became a both a court of law to determine civil rights and a court of revenue to enrich treasury.
(Black, 1990)

5. What are the significant developments during the Modern Period in England?
During the Modern Period in England, the following policing systems were practiced:
a. King Charles II (1633);
King Charles ll passed a law that provided for the employment of Night Watchmen or Bellmen to be on duty from
sunset to sunrise. Night Watchmen or Bellmen were known as Rattle watch because they carried rattles while on duty to
inform the public of their watchful presence.
b. Henry Fielding (1748);
Henry Fielding became the chief magistrate at Bow Street in London. He organized a group of men known as Bow
Street Runners (Thief catchers). He later formed the Bow Street Horse Patrol whose duty was to patrol the main roads
thereby securing travelers from highway bandits.
c. William Pitt (1785); and
In 1785, William Pitt presented a bill in the British Parliament calling for the creation of a police force in London. This
proposal met with instant opposition. Pitt argued that this new force would be responsible for the apprehension of criminals
and crime prevention that would be the formal continuation of the mandate of the Bow Street Runners. After considerable
opposition to the proposed police force for London and charges that it would be used to strengthen the very centralist
authoritarian government, William Pitt’s bill was withdrawn.
d. Sir Robert Peel (1829).
Sir Robert Peel introduced the Metropolitan Act which was passed by the Parliament of England. The enactment of
said law led to the creation of the Metropolitan Police Force of London, which was viewed as the first world’s first organized
uniformed police force. This force was later on named as the Scotland Yard.
Being the originator and the first head of such police organization, Sir Robert Peel has earned the title “Father of
Modern Policing System.” (University of Baguio & Tad – awan, 2009; http://www.slideshare.net/domskie/polce-org-anization-ang-administration)
The important plan of Sir Robert Peel was the separation of policing and judiciary. He believed that the authority of
the police shall be only up to the prosecution of crimes. The trial of crimes must be left to the hands of another agency of the
government which is the judiciary.
6. What were the significant developments in American Police System?
The significant developments in American Police System were the following:
a. Boston, Massachusetts (1638), night watch was initiated;
b. New York (1658), organization of rattle watch;
c. Philidelpia (1700), start of night watch;
d. New Have, Connecticut, (1722), introduction of a police regulation that “No watchman has the liberty to sleep;”
e. New York City (1856), adoption of full police uniform;
f. Texas (1835), organization of Texas Rangers;
g. Massachusetts (1865), organization of State Constables; and
h. Pennsylvania (1905), introduction of Pennsylvania State Police. (Tradio, 1996)

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 Take Note: The American Policing System followed the model developed in England. As for instance, the New York, Boston, and
Philadelphia organized night watchmen which was similar to the Bellmen created in London during the reign of King Charles II.
These night watchmen were also called Rattlewatch because they carried rattles while on duty to inform the public of their watchful
presence.
7. What are the significant developments in Philippine setting during the Spanish occupation?
The significant developments in Philippine setting during the Spanish time are the following:

a. Carabineros de Seguridad Publico (1712);

The Carabineros de Seguridad Publico was organized for the purpose of carrying out the regulations of the State. In
1781, it was given the special commission as custodian of the tobacco monopoly.
It was later known as Cuerpo De Carabineros De Seguridad Publica by virtue of Royal Decree of December 20,
1842. Its duties became police – like and more general which included the prosecution of law breakers, maintenance of
peace and order, and execution of laws.
It was subsequently given limited power to discharge duties as port, harbor, and river police.
b. Guardilleros (1836); and
The Guardilleros was a body of rural police organization established by Royal Decree of January 28, 1836. The
Decree provided that 5% of the able – bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in the police organization
for three (3) years tour of duty.
c. Guardia Civil (1852).
The Guardia Civil was created by a royal decree issued by the Crown on February 12, 1852, to partially relieve the
Spanish Peninsula Troops of their work in policing towns. They were under the Governor or Alcalde and they had bright and
showy uniform, distinctively prominent insignia, and rigidly maintained military bearing. (University of Baguio & Tad-awan, 2009)
8. What are the significant developments in Philippine setting during the American occupation?
The significant developments in Philippine setting during the American occupation were the following:
a. Insular Police Force (1890);
The Insular Police Force was established on November 30, 1890 during the Philippine – American War (1898-1901)
upon recommendation of the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War.
b. Insular Constabulary (1901);
The Insular Constabulary was created on July 18, 1901 by virtue of Act 175. This law was entitled “An Act Providing
for the Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary and for the Inspection of Municipal Police.”
c. Manila Police Department (1901);
The Manila Police Department was organized on July 31, 1901 by virtue of Act 183. The first Chief of Police was
Capt. George Curry, a United States army officer appointed by the Taft Commission on August 7, 1901. Capt. Columbus
Piatt, on the other hand, was the last American Chief of Police of Manila Police Department.
When the Manila Police department was taken over by Filipinos, the first Filipino to head it was Col. Antonio Torres.
d. Philippine Constabulary (1901);
The Philippine Constabulary changed the Insular Constabulary by virtue of Act 255. Brigade – General Henry
Tureman Allen, an 1882 graduate of the United States Military Academy, was the first chief of Philippine Constabulary. The
first enlisted personnel strength on December 15, 1901 under Brigade – General Allen was 2, 500 in number. They were
always outnumbered but won many victories where they are inspired by the creed: “To be outnumbered, always; to be
outfought, never.” Aside from maintenance of peace and order, the members of Philippine Constabulary during that time
focused on the suppression of rebellion.
When World War 1 broke out, most high ranking officers of the United States Army were transferred to France so
Filipino soldiers were given the opportunity to run the Philippine Constabulary. Hence, in December 1917, a person by the
name of Brigadier – General Rafael Crame was appointed as the first Filipino to head the Philippine Constabulary. Brigadier
– General Crame served with competence for PC Chief for ten (10) years, earning the respect of his men and even the
criminals he captured. (PNPA Kalasag, 2011)
e. Revised Administrative Code (1917);
It stated that the Philippine Constabulary is a national police institution for preserving peace, keeping order, and
enforcing the law. (Sec 825 of the Administrative Code)
f. Philippine Constitution (1935);
It provided that the government shall organize and maintain a national police force to preserve public order and
enforce the law. (Sec 9, Art XIV of the 1935 Constitution)
g. Kempeitai (1942);
On January 2, 1942 in the advent of World War II, the first element of Japanese Imperial Army called Kempeitai
entered Manila. A member of the corps was called Kempei.
Kempeitai Literally meant "Military Police Corps." It was organized and existed from 1881 to 1945 to discharge not
public service but to perform functions of the military police for the Imperial Japanese Navy under the direction of the Admiralty
Minister. (http://www.facebook.com/pages/Kempetai/116421228368312)
h. Republic Act 157 (1947);
The National Bureau of Investigation was established on June 19, 1947 by virtue of Republic Act 157.
i. Republic Act 4864 (1966);
Republic Act 4864 otherwise known as the “Police Act of 1966” was enacted on August 8, 1966. It created a Police
Commission under the Office of the President of the Philippines.

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 j. Republic Act 6040 (1969);
Republic Act 6040 amended certain sections of Republic Act numbered 2260 known as the “Civil Service Act of
1969.”
It empowered the Police Commission to give the appropriate examinations for officers and members of local police
forces, with the assistance of the Civil Service Commission. (Sec 9 of RA 6040)
This was perhaps the first move to professionalize the police force.
k. Republic Act 6506 (1972);
Republic Act 6506 otherwise known as “An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologists in the Philippines
and for Other Purposes” was approved and took effect on July 1, 1972.

l. Presidential Decree 765 (1975);

Presidential Decree 765 was enacted on August 8, 1975.
m. Presidential Decree 1184 (1977);
Presidential Decree 1184, otherwise known as “The Integrated National Police Personnel Professionalization Act of
1977” was enacted on August 26, 1977.
n. Philippine Constitution (1987);
The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides in part that the State shall establish and maintain one police force, which
shall be national in scope and civilian in character, to be administered and controlled by a National Police Commission. The
authority of the local executives over the police units in their jurisdiction shall be provided by law. (Sec. 6, Art. XVI of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution)
o. Republic Act 6975 (1990);
Republic Act 6975 was approved on December 13, 1990 by the President Corazon C. Aquino. It was recognized later
as the “DILG Act of 1990.” This law established the Philippine National Police, a merger of the Integrated National Police and
Philippine Constabulary. It also created the National Police Commission to administer and control the Philippine National
Police. It further enforced the policy that the PNP shall be national in scope and civilian in character, in compliance with the
provisions of Section 6, Article XVI of the Constitution.
p. Republic Act 8551 (1998);
Republic Act 8551 is the “PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998.” It amended the provisions of Republic Act
6975 concerning the PNP, which had the main purpose of reforming and professionalizing the PNP.
q. Republic Act 9263 (2004); and
Republic Act 9263 is known as Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP) Professionalization Act of 2004. (Sec 1 of RA 9263)
It revised some provisions of Republic Act 6975 especially those pertaining to BFP and BJMP.
r. Republic Act 9708 (2009).
Republic Act 9708 is an Act Extending for Five (5) years the Reglementary Period for Complying with the Minimum
Educational Qualification for Appointment to the PNP and Adjusting the Promotion System Thereof, Amending Certain
Provisions of Republic Act 6975 and Republic Act 8551 and for Other Purposes. (Title of RA 9708) (Other Sources: Manwong and Delizo,
2005; BJMP Manual, 2007; University of Baguio & Tad-awan, 2009 & http://www.slideshare.net/domskie/polce-org-anization-ang-administration)
s. Republic Act 11131
Republic Act 11131 is the law Regulating the practice of Criminology Profession in the Philippines and Appropriating
Funds therefor, repealing for the purpose Republic Act 6506.
t. Republic Act 11200
Republic Act 11200 is the act providing for Rank Classification in the Philippine National Police , Amending for the
purpose Section 28 of Republic Act 6975, as amended, otherwise known as the “Department of Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990.” It substantially returned the military rank of police personnel.

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 REPUBLIC ACT 6975

1. What is Republic Act 6975

Republic Act 6975 is an act establishing the Philippine National Police (PNP) under the re – organized department of the
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), and for other purposes. It is known as the “Department of Interior and
Local Government Act (DILG) of 1990.” (Sec 1, RA 6975)
It implemented the provisions of Sec. 6, Art. XVI of the 1987 Constitution. (De Leon, 2005)
The provisions of Republic Act 6975 dealing with PNP were amended by Republic Act 8551 and those dealing with Jail
Bureau and Fire Bureau were amended by Republic Act 9263. (BJMP Manual, 2007 & RA 8551)
2. What were some important provisions of Republic Act 6975 that were not amended by Republic Act 8551, Republic Act
9263, and Republic Act 9708?
Some important provisions of Republic Act 6975 not amended by Republic Act 8551, Republic Act 9708, and Republic Act
9263 are the following:
a. The policy of the State under the 1987 Constitution that the PNP shall be national in scope and civilian in character; (Sec 1 of RA
6975)
Take Note: This policy of the State cannot be changed by any law because it is expressly stated under Sec 6, Art XVI of the
Philippine Constitution, being the supreme law of the land.
b. The organization of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG);
The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) shall consist of the Department proper with the following
bureaus and offices:
 National Police Commission; (Chapter 2 of RA 6975)
 Philippine National Police (PNP); (Chapter 3 of RA 6975)
 Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP); (Chapter 4 of RA 6975)
 Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP); and (Chapter 5 of RA 6975)
 Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC). (Chapter 6 of RA 6975)
Take Note: The enumerated bureaus and offices were maintained but their organization, functions, and the qualifications of
their members were partially amended by Republic Act 8551 and Republic Act 9263.
c. The rank classifications of members of Philippine National Police (PNP), Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), and Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP);

*The old and new rank classification of the Philippine National Police

Philippine National Police Philippine National Police

old rank classification new rank classification
(RA 11200)
Police Director General (PDG) Police General
Police Deputy Director General (PDDG) Police Lieutenant General
Police Director (PDIR) Police Major General
Police Chief Superintendent (PCSUPT) Police Brigadier General
Police Senior Superintendent (PSSUPT) Police Colonel
Police Superintendent (PSUPT) Police Lieutenant Colonel
Police Chief Inspector (PCINSP) Police Major
Police Senior Inspector (PSR INSP) Police Captain
Police Inspector (PINSP) Police Lieutenant
Senior Police Officer IV (SP04) Police Executive Master Sergeant
Senior Police Officer III (SP03) Police Chief Master Sergeant
Senior Police Officer II (SP02) Police Senior Master Sergeant
Senior Police Officer I (SP01) Police Master Sergeant
Police Officer III (P03) Police Staff Sergeant
Police Officer II (P02) Police Corporal
Police Officer I (P01) Patrolman/Patrolwoman

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 The rank classifications of members of PNP and their corresponding rank classifications in the military are the
following:

Philippine National Police Armed Forces of the Philippines

(PNP) (AFP)
Police General General (Gen.)
Police Lieutenant General Lieutenant General (Lt. Gen.)
Police Major General Major General (Maj. Gen.)
Police Brigadier General Brigade General (Brig. Gen.)
Police Colonel Colonel (Col.)
Police Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel (Lt. Col.)
Police Major Major (Maj.)
Police Captain Captain (Capt.)
Police Lieutenant Lieutenant (Lt.)
Police Executive Master Sergeant Master Sergeant (MSgt.)
Police Chief Master Sergeant Technical Sergeant (TSgt.)
Police Senior Master Sergeant Staff Sergeant (SSgt.)
Police Master Sergeant Sergeant (Sgt.)
Police Staff Sergeant Corporal (Cpl.)
Police Corporal Private First Class (Pfc.)
Patrolman/Patrolwoman Private (Pvt.)
(Sec 28 of RA 6975 & Personal Interview with MSGT Prudencio Facun, May 12. 2010)

Take Note: Graduates of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) shall be automatically appointed to the initial rank
of Inspector.
Cadets of PNPA, on the other hand, have the rank of higher than Police Executive Master Sergeant but lower than Police
Lieutenant. Some, however, call the cadets of PNPA as Floating Inspectors. (Personal Interview with PNPA Cadet Jeryll Lauron, January 3,
2012)
The rank classifications of members of PNP and their corresponding rank classifications in the Fire Bureau and Jail
Bureau are the following:

Philippine National Police (PNP) Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Bureau of Jail Management & Penology
(BJMP)
Police General
Police Lieutenant General
Police Major General Fire Director (FDIR) Jail Director (JDIR)
Police Brigadier General Fire Chief Superintendent (FCSUPT) Jail Chief Superintendent (JCSUPT)
Police Colonel Fire Senior Superintendent (FSSUPT) Jail Senior Superintendent (JSSUPT)
Police Lieutenant Colonel Fire Superintendent (FSUPT) Jail Superintendent (JSUPT)
Police Major Fire Chief Inspector (FCINSP) Jail Chief Inspector (JCINSP)
Police Captain Fire Senior Inspector (FSR INSP) Jail Senior Inspector (JSR INSP)
Police Lieutenant Fire Inspector (FINSP) Jail Inspector (JINSP)
Police Executive Master Sergeant Senior Fire Officer IV (SF04) Senior Jail Officer IV (SJ04)
Police Chief Master Sergeant Senior Fire Officer III (SF03) Senior Jail Officer III (SJ03)
Police Senior Master Sergeant Senior Fire Officer II (SF02) Senior Jail Officer II (SJ02)
Police Master Sergeant Senior Fire Officer I (SF01) Senior Jail Officer I (SJ01)
Police Staff Sergeant Fire Officer III (F03) Jail Officer III (J03)
Police Corporal Fire Officer II (F02) Jail Officer II (J02)
Patrolman/Patrolwoman Fire Officer I (F01) Jail Officer I (J01)
(Sec 64 of RA 6975)

Take Note: Before the effectivity of Republic Act 6975, the highest in rank in the police force was given the rank of Police
Brigadier General and the lowest rank was Patrolman or Patrolwoman. (Sec 3 of PD 1184)
It must be stressed further that before the effectivity of Republic Act 6975, the highest in rank in the Fire Bureau was given
the rank of Fire Brigadier General and the lowest rank was Fireman. (Sec 3 of PD 1184)

d. The organization of officers and the different offices of the Philippine National Police (PNP);
The Philippine National Police (PNP) shall have the following heads:
 The First Officer in Command is the PNP Chief with the Rank of Police General;
Take Note: The PNP Chief is appointed by the President from among the senior officers down to the rank of Police
Brigadier General, subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments to serve a term of office not to exceed
four (4) years. However, in times of war or other national emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend
such term of office.
 The Second Officer in Command is the Deputy Chief of the PNP for Administration with the rank of Police Lieutenant
General;

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  The Third Officer in Command is the Deputy Chief of the PNP for Operations with the rank of Police Lieutenant General.
(Other Sources: Secs 26 & 29 of RA 6975)

How many Star Generals are there in the Philippine National Police in one occasion?
There are ninety – seven (97) Star Generals in the Philippine National Police in one occasion.
They are distributed as follows:
Rank Number
Police General One (1)
Police Lieutenant General Three (3)
Police Major General :
a. Line Officers; and Eleven (11)
b. Internal Affairs Service (IAS) One (1)
Police Brigadier General :
a. Line Officers; Sixty – nine (69)
b. Technical Service Officers; and Six (6)
c. Internal Affairs Service. Six (6)
Total: Ninety seven (97)

What is the distinction between line officers and Technical Service Officers?
Line Officers are those mandated to perform essential and purely police functions such as law enforcement, crime
prevention and investigation, intelligence, internal security operations, and other related administrative works. (Sec 4 [i] of
NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2007 – 008)
Technical Service Officers, on the other hand, are those recruited by virtue of their special technical skills and
competencies, such as medical officers, dentists, nurses, lawyers, criminologists, etc.
Take Note: Officers who possess or acquire the same special technical skills and competencies but originally commissioned
in the regular corps of officers shall be considered as Line Officers. (Sec 4 [x] of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2007 – 008)
e. The Manner of Appointment of the officers and members of PNP
 Patrolman/Patrolwoman to Police Executive Master Sergeant is appointed/promoted by the PNP Regional
Director for Regional Personnel or by the PNP Chief for the national headquarters personnel, subject to the
endorsement by the NAPOLCOM and attestation by the Civil Service Commission.
 Police Lieutenant to Police Lieutenant Colonel is appointed/promoted by the PNP Chief as recommended by their
immediate superiors, subject to the endorsement by the NAPOLCOM en banc and attestation by the Civil Service
Commission.
 Police Colonel to Police Lieutenant General is appointed by the President upon recommendation of the PNP
Chief and of the NAPOLCOM en banc, with proper endorsement by the Chairman of the Civil Service
Commission
 Police General is appointed by the President from among the senior officers down to the rank of Police Brigadier
General in the service, on recommendation or endorsement of the NAPOLCOM.

f. The Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC);

Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC) is the premier educational institution for the training, human resource
development, and continuing education of all personnel of the PNP and Fire and Jail Bureaus. (Sec 66 of RA 6975).
The PPSC is composed of the Secretary of DILG and the three (3) bureau heads (PNP, BFP, BJMP).
It shall consist of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA), Fire Service Training Center, the Philippine
National Training Center (PNTC), the National Police College and other special training centers as may be created by the
DILG.
g. The powers and functions of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP);
The Fire Bureau shall have the following powers and functions:
 Prevention and suppression of all destructive fires on buildings, houses and other structures, forest, land
transportation vehicles and equipment, ships or vessels docked at piers or wharves or anchored in major seaports,
petroleum industry installations, plane crashes and other similar incidents, as well as the enforcement of the Fire Code
and other related laws; and
 Investigation of all causes of fires and, if necessary, files the proper complaints with the city or provincial prosecutor
who has jurisdiction over the case. (Sec 54 of RA 6975)
h. The powers and functions of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP): and
The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) shall exercise supervision and control over all city and
municipal jails. (Sec 61 of RA 6975)
The City or Municipal Jails shall have custody and safekeeping of city and municipal prisoners, any fugitive of justice,
or person detained awaiting investigation or trial and/or transfer to the national penitentiary, and/or violent mentally ill person
who endangers himself or the safety of others, duly certified as such by the proper medical or health officer, pending the
transfer to a medical institution. (Sec 63 of RA 6975)
i. The Secretary of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) is the Chairman of the National Police
Commission.

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 The Secretary of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) shall be the ex officio chairman of the
National Police Commission. He shall be appointed by the President subject to confirmation of the Commission on
Appointments. (Other Sources: Sec 8 of RA 6975)
Take Note: The term ex officio means an accompanying office by virtue of a position. Others say it is “automatic.” (Classroom
discussion of Monuz, 1999)

REPUBLIC ACT 8551

1. What is Republic Act 8551?
Republic Act 8551 is an act providing for the reform and reorganization of the Philippine National Police and for other
purposes, amending certain provisions of RA 6975. This act is also known as the "Philippine National Police Reform and
Reorganization Act of 1998." It was approved on February 25, 1998. (Secs 1 & 77 of RA 8551)
2. It is stated under Sec. 6, Art. XVI of the Constitution that the Philippine National Police (PNP) shall be administered and
controlled by a national police commission. What is the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)? State its
composition.
The NAPOLCOM refers to the collegial governing body composed of the Secretary of the Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG) as ex - officio Chairman and four (4) regular Commissioners and one (1) ex – officio Commissioner, as
Members, which regularly meets en banc and decides through majority vote of all its members in all maters involving vital policy
issues in the exercise of its administration and control functions over the Philippine National Police. (Sec 1 [a] of NAPOLCOM Memorandum
Circular No 1994 – 018)

Composition of the NAPOLCOM:

The NAPOLCOM shall be composed of the following:
a. Chairperson;
The Secretary of the DILG shall be the ex – officio Chairperson of the Commission.
b. Four (4) regular Commissioners; and
c. Ex – officio Commissioner.
Take Note: The PNP Chief is the ex – officio Commissioner
Who shall compose the four (4) regular members of the Commission?
The following shall compose the four (4) regular members of the Commission:
a. The three (3) of the four (4) regular members shall come from the civilian sector who are neither active nor former
members of the police or military; and
One (1) of the three (3) regular members from the civilian sector shall be designated as the Vice Chairperson by the
President. The Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the Commission.
The fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either active or retired. An active
member of a law enforcement agency shall be considered resigned from said agency once he is appointed to the
Commission.
Take Note: At least one (1) of the Commissioners shall be a woman. (Sec 4 of RA 8551)
It must be stressed further that for the purpose of discussing the subject, the terms NAPOLCOM and Commission refers to
National Police Commission and the terms commissioners and members mean the same.

3. What is the term of office of the regular members of the Commission?

The four (4) regular and full time commissioners shall be appointed by the President for a term of six (6) years without re-
appointment or extension.
4. What are the units consisting the Commission?
The Commission shall consist of the following units:
a. Commission Proper;
The Commission Proper of the Commission is composed of the offices of the Chairman and the four (4) regular
Commissioners.
b. Staff Services; and
The Staff Services of the Commission shall be as follows:
 The Planning and Research Service, which shall provide technical services to the Commission in areas of overall
policy formulation, strategic and operational planning, management systems or procedures, evaluation and monitoring
of the Commission's programs, projects and internal operations; and shall conduct thorough research and analysis on
social and economic conditions affecting peace and order in the country;
 The Legal Affairs Service, which shall provide the Commission with efficient and effective service as legal counsel of
the Commission, draft or study contracts affecting the Commission and submit appropriate recommendations pertaining
thereto, and render legal opinions arising from the administration and operation of the Philippine National Police and
the Commission;
 The Crime Prevention and Coordination Service, which shall undertake criminological researches and studies,
formulate a national crime prevention plan, develop a crime prevention and information program, and provide editorial
direction for all criminology research and crime prevention publications;
 The Personnel and Administrative Service, which shall perform personnel functions for the Commission, administer the
entrance and promotional examinations for policemen, provide the necessary services relating to records,
correspondence, supplies, property and equipment, security and general services, and the maintenance and utilization

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 of facilities, and provide services relating to manpower, career planning and development, personnel transactions, and
employee welfare;
 The Inspection, Monitoring and Investigation Service, which shall conduct continuous inspection and management audit
of personnel, facilities and operations at all levels of command of the PNP, monitor the implementation of the
Commission's programs and projects relative to law enforcement; and monitor and investigate police anomalies and
irregularities;
 The Installations and Logistics Service, which shall review the Commission's plans and programs and formulate policies
and procedures regarding acquisition, inventory, control, distribution, maintenance and disposal of supplies and shall
oversee the implementation of programs on transportation facilities and installations and the procurement and
maintenance of supplies and equipment; and
 The Financial Service, which shall provide the Commission with staff advice and assistance on budgetary and financial
matters, including the overseeing of the processing and disbursement of funds pertaining to the scholarship program
and surviving children of deceased and/or permanently incapacitated PNP personnel.
(It is suggested that instead of memorizing the whole sentences, just concentrate in the underlined phrases especially
that the board examination is in the form of multiple choices.)
c. Disciplinary Appellate Boards.
The Commission shall establish formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery consisting of the National
Appellate Board (NAB) and the Regional Appellate Boards (RABs). (Sec 10 of RA 8551)

5. What is the Composition and jurisdiction of the Regional Appellate Boards (RABs) and the National Appellate Board
(NAB)?
Composition of National Appellate Board (NAB):
The National Appellate Board (NAB) is composed of the following:
a. Chairman; and
The Chairman of the National Appellate Board (NAB) is the Vice Chairman (Executive Officer) of the
NAPOLCOM.
b. Members.
The members are the three (3) other regular members of NAPOLCOM.
Composition of Regional Appellate Board (RAB):
The Regional Appellate Board (RAB) is composed of the following:
a. Chairman; and
The Chairman of the Regional Appellate Board (RAB) is the Senior Officer of the NAPOLCOM Regional
Office.
b. Members.
The members of the Regional Appellate Board (RAB) are the following:
 One (1) coming from the PNP who is designated by the PNP Regional Director; and
 One (1) coming from the Regional Peace and Order Council who is appointed by the resolution of the council.
Take Note: The designation of both members shall be confirmed by the Vice Chairperson (Executive Officer) of the
NAPOLCOM and they shall serve for three (3) years from confirmation unless sooner revoked by the designating
authority.
It must be stressed further that the presence of the Chairperson and any of its Member shall constitute a quorum and the
RAB shall deliberate on cases appealed to it at least once a month. (Secs 1 & 5, Rule VII of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2007 –
001)

6. What are the minimum qualifications in entering the PNP?

The minimum qualifications in entering the PNP are the following:
a. Must be a citizen of the Philippines;
b. Must be a person of good moral conduct;
c. Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to be administered by the PNP or by any
NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the purpose of determining physical and mental health;
d. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of learning;
e. Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
f. Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed for cause from any civilian position in
the Government;
g. Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving moral turpitude;
h. Must be at least one meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 m.) in height for male and one meter and fifty – two
centimeters (1.52 m.) for female;(RA 11549)

Take Note: RA 11549 or the Height Equality Act, amending RA 6975 lowering the minimum height requirement in the PNP,
BFP, BJMP, and Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) from 1.62 meters (5 feet, 4 inches) to 1.57 meters (5 feet 2 inches) for
males and from 1.57 meters (5 feet 2 inches) to 1.52 meters (5 feet) for females.

i. Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5 kgs.) from the standard weight corresponding to his or her height, age,
and sex; and
j. For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty – one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age:

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7. Summarize the minimum requirements in entering the PNP with and without waiver in age, height, weight, and
educational (AHWE) qualifications.
The Age, Height, Weight, and Educational qualifications in entering the PNP with or without waiver may be summarized as
follows:
a. Age requirement;
Without waiver With waiver
21 – 30 years old 20, 31 – 35 years old
Take Note: An applicant shall be considered twenty – one (21) years of age on his twenty – first (21 st) birth date and shall
be considered more than thirty (30) years of age on his thirty – first (31st) birth date. (Sec 3 (A) of NAPOLCOM Memorandum 2007 – 009)
On the other hand, one is considered to be not over thirty – five (35) years old if he or she has not reached his or her thirty
– sixth (36th) birthday on the date of the effectivity of his or her appointment. (Sec 7 (A) of NAPOLCOM Memorandum No 2005 – 002)
b. Height requirement;
Without waiver With waiver
At least 5’ 4” for males At least 5’ 2” for females
At least 5’ 2 for females At least 5’ for females

Take Note: A waiver in height shall be automatically granted to applicants belonging to cultural communities.

c. Weight requirement; and

Without waiver With waiver
Weighs not more or less than Does not weigh more or less
five (5) kilograms from the than five (5) kilograms from the
standard weight corresponding standard weight corresponding
to his height, age, and sex. to his height, age, and sex.
Take Note: If an applicant is given a waiver in weight, he is given one (1) year to comply if he is already in service upon
affectivity of RA 8551. If he is just admitted, he is given six (6) months to comply.

d. Educational requirement.
Without waiver With waiver
Baccalaureate degree holder. Have earned at least seventy –
two (72) collegiate units leading
to a bachelor’s degree.
(Other Sources: Secs 14, 15, & 16 of RA 8551)
Take Note: If a PNP personnel was already in the service upon the affectivity of Republic Act No. 8551, he shall be given
five (5) years to obtain the minimum educational qualification preferably in the law enforcement related courses to be
reckoned from the date of affectivity of Republic Act 9708 which is in 2009.
However, the concerned PNP members rendering more than fifteen (15) years of service who have exhibited
exemplary performance as determined by the National Police Commission, shall no longer be required to comply with the
aforementioned minimum requirement. (Sec 1 of Implementing Rules & Regulations of RA 9708)
It must be stressed further that the phrase “law enforcement related courses” shall include, but not limited to the following:
a. Bachelor of Science in Criminology;
b. Bachelor of Arts in Political Science; and
c. Bachelor of Science in Legal Management. (Sec 1 of the Implementing Rules & Regulations of RA 9708)
What is the meaning of the phrase “continuing in character”?
The phrase “continuing in character” means that the persons who entered the PNP by virtue of a waiver are given a specific
period to comply with the requirement/s stated in the waiver as a condition of their continuous employment in the PNP. In case of non –
compliance, they may be removed from service. The requirements that are considered continuing in character are the weight and
educational qualifications.
The age and height qualifications, on the other hand, are not continuing in character. Hence, the applicants employed with
waiver in age and height requirements may become permanent once they finished the Field Training Program.

8. What are the conditions of waivers for initial appointment to the PNP?
The conditions of waivers for initial appointment to the PNP are the following:
a. The age, height, weight, and educational requirements for initial appointment to the PNP may be waived only when the
number of qualified applicants falls below the approved national/regional quota;
b. The Commission en banc may grant age, height, and weight waiver;
However, the NAPOLCOM regional director may also grant height waiver to a member of an indigenous group within
the region.
c. Waiver of the age requirement may be granted provided that the applicant shall neither be less than twenty (20) nor more
than thirty – five (35) years of age;
d. Waiver of the height requirement may be granted to a male applicant who is at least 1 meter and 57 cm (1.57m) and to a
female applicant who is at least 1 meter and 52 cm (1.52m);

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 The NAPOLCOM may set a lower height requirement for the applicant who belongs to indigenous group duly certified
by the Office of Muslim Affairs (OMA) or the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP). The Commission may
require said applicant to submit appropriate proof of his membership in a certain indigenous group.
e. An applicant who is granted a weight waiver shall be given reasonable time but not exceeding six (6) months within which to
comply with said requirement; and
Failure to attain the required weight shall mean separation from the service.
f. The grant of waiver is not a guarantee for appointment into the police service. (Other Sources: Sec 7 (A) of NAPOLCOM Memorandum
Circular No 2005 – 002)

The two kinds of removal from PNP service in case of non – compliance with the weight and/or educational requirement within the
period provided by law are the following:
a. Separation; and
If the PNP personnel are below fifty (50) years of age and have served in Government for less than twenty (20)
years, his removal from the PNP is known as separation.

b. Retirement
If they have the age of fifty (50) and above and have served the Government for at least twenty (20) years, his
removal from the PNP is known as retirement. (Sec 14 of RA 8551)
9. What is the prescribed sequence of examinations/tests during the recruitment, selection, and appointment of
Patrolman/Patrolwoman applicants?
The prescribed sequence of examinations/tests during the recruitment, selection, and appointment of Police Officer 1 (P01)
applicants are the following:
a. Preliminary Interview;
The applicant shall be interviewed personally by the Screening Committee. If the applicant qualifies, he/she shall be
required to present or accomplish the following:
 Duly accomplished Personal Data Sheet (Civil Service Commission form 212, Revised August 1998);
 Birth Certificate authenticated by National Statistics Office (NSO);
 Report of Rating of Eligibility authenticated by the issuing authority;
 Two (2) pieces 2x2 black and white picture indicating applicant’s name;
 Transcript of Scholastic Records and Diploma authenticated by the school registrar;
 Clearance from the Barangay, Local Police Station, RTC/MTC and NBI;
 Medical Certificate issued by local health officer;
 Copy of two (2) valid Identification Card with picture, signature, and address; and
 Certificate of Good Moral Character issued by the applicant’s college/university. (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2011 –
007)
What if applicants to the PNP were found to have submitted spurious documents in their application for PNP examination?
Applicants who are found to have submitted spurious documents in their application for PNP examination shall be
barred permanently from taking any police service examination. In the event that these anomalous acts are committed by
personnel in the active service, he shall be charged with dishonesty and be meted the penalty of dismissal from the service.
(NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2004 – 006)

b. Psychiatric/Psychological Examination (PPE);

Psychiatric/Psychological Examination (PPE) is intended to exclude applicants who may be suffering from any
mental disorder. It shall be administered to all applicants under the supervision of the PNP Medical Officer and NAPOLCOM
Representative.
How shall the Neuro – Psychiatric (NP) examination and Physical Agility Test (PAT) be conducted?
The Neuro – Psychiatric (NP) examination and Physical Agility Test (PAT) shall be conducted simultaneously
nationwide to prevent a retake in another place in said tests by applicants who initially failed on the same.
Take Note: Only those applicants who passed the PPE shall proceed to the next stage. (Sec II of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No
2011 – 004)
c. Complete Character and Background Investigation (CBI);
The Complete Character and Background Investigation (CBI) shall determine the applicant’s reputation and possible
involvement in any questionable or criminal activities or violent incidents. In order to get additional information on the
applicant’s worthiness, the CBI shall include the procurement of a Certificate of Good Moral Character issued by the
applicant’s college/university.
When shall the Complete Character and Background Investigation (CBI) be conducted?
The Complete Character and Background Investigation (CBI) shall be conducted on all Psychiatric/Psychological
Examination (PPE) passers and must be completed before the start of the Final Committee Interview.
The validated CBI results shall be submitted to the committee immediately before the start of the Final Committee
Interview stage. The validation of the results of the CBI shall continue during the one – year probationary period. Any serious
and validated derogatory record shall be a ground for the recruit’s termination from the service. (Sec I of NAPOLCOM Memorandum
Circular No 2011 – 004)
Who shall conduct the Complete Character and Background Investigation (CBI)?
The CBI shall be conducted by the Directorate for Intelligence through its operating units, like the Intelligence Group
(IG) and the Regional Intelligence Division (RID).
d. Complete Physical, Medical, and Dental Examination (PMDE);

Page 14
 In order to determine whether or not the applicant is in good health, free from any contagious diseases, a Complete
Physical, Medical, and Dental Examination (PMDE) must be conducted.

Who shall conduct Complete Physical, Medical, and Dental Examination (PMDE)?
The Complete Physical, Medical, and Dental Examination (PMDE) shall be conducted by the PNP Health Service
under the supervision of the PNP Medical Officer and a NAPOLCOM Representative.

e. Physical Agility Test (PAT);

The Screening Committee shall require the applicant to undergo a Physical Agility Test (PAT) to determine whether
or not the applicant possesses the required coordination, strength, and speed of movement necessary for the police service.
The PAT shall consist of the five (5) events namely:
 Pull – up for men and Horizontal Bar Hang for Women;
 Two (2) – minute push – ups;
 Two (2) – minute sit – ups;
 One hundred (100) – meter dash; and
 One thousand (1, 000) meter run.

What are the other matters that must be taken into consideration in the Physical Agility Test (PAT)?
The other matters that must be taken into consideration in the Physical Agility Test (PAT) include the following:
 The Physical Agility Test (PAT) shall be administered to applicants who passed the Physical, Medical, and Dental
Examination (PMDE);
 In no case shall the PAT be conducted without the presence of the NAPOLCOM representative;
 Absolutely, there shall be no retake of the PAT; and
 Applicants who passed the PAT shall be indorsed to the Screening Committee through the Secretariat for the Final
Interview Phase. (Sec IV of NAPOLCOM Memorandum 2011 – 004)
Take Note: The Neuro – Psychiatric (NP) examination and Physical Agility Test (PAT) shall be conducted
simultaneously nationwide to prevent a retake in another place in said tests by applicants who initially failed on the
same. (Sec II of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2011 – 004)
f. Final Committee Interview (FCI).
The screening committee en banc shall interview the qualified applicants who successfully passed through the
sequential stages including the Drug Test and Character and Background Investigation.
The Final Interview shall determine the applicant’s aptitude to join the police service, likability, affability, outside
interest, conversational ability, disagreeable mannerism, etc.
Take Note: Absolutely, no applicant shall be interviewed unless he/she passes through the sequential process and is
declared “Passed” in all these stages. (Sec V of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2011 – 004) (Other Source: PLT College, 2011 &
http://www.cocpo.org/join-pnp.html-0)

10. Who are persons who may be appointed as police commissioned officers via lateral entry?
The persons who may be appointed as police commissioned officers via lateral entry are the following:
a. Those with highly technical qualifications applying for the PNP technical services, such as dentists, optometrists, nurses,
engineers, and graduates of forensic sciences shall commence with the rank of inspector;
b. Doctors of Medicine, members of the bar, and chaplain shall be appointed with a rank of Senior Inspector in their particular
technical services;
c. Graduates of PNPA shall be automatically appointed to the initial rank of Police Lieutenant; and
d. Licensed criminologists may be appointed to the rank of Inspector to fill up vacancy. (Sec 33 of RA 6975)
Take Note: The top priority consideration for lateral entry into the rank of Police Lieutenant shall be given to the top ten placers in
the Licensure Examination for Criminologists. However, the incumbent members who land in the top ten places shall be given first
priority. (Sec III [C] of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2003 – 010)
11. What is the employment status of members of the Philippine National Police?
The uniformed members of the PNP shall be considered employees of the National Government and shall draw their salaries
therefrom. They shall have the same salary grade level as that of public school teachers.
PNP members assigned in Metropolitan Manila, chartered cities and first class municipalities may be paid financial incentive
by the local government unit concerned subject to the availability of funds. (Sec 36 of RA 8551)
12. Who shall administer the entrance and promotional examinations for policemen?
The National Police Commission shall administer the entrance and promotional examinations for policemen. It shall also
design and establish a qualifications upgrading program for the members in coordination with the Civil Service Commission, and
the Commission on Higher Education through a distance education program and/or an in – service education program or other
similar programs. (Sec 19 of RA 8551)
13. What is the meaning of promotion?
Promotion is the act of elevating personnel from a lower to a higher rank or position, either by regular or special process.
(Manwong & Delizo, 2005)

14. What are the requirements in regular and special promotions for PNP personnel?

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 The requirements for regular and special promotions for PNP personnel are the following:
a. Regular promotion; and
 He or she has successfully passed the corresponding promotional examination given by the Commission, or the Bar,
or the corresponding board examinations for technical services and other professions;
 Has satisfactorily completed the appropriate and accredited course in the PNPA or equivalent training institutions;
 Has satisfactorily passed the required psychiatric/psychological and drug tests;
 Has been cleared by the People's Law Enforcement Board (PLEB), and the Office of the Ombudsman of any
complaint proffered against him or her, if any;

Explain the important amendment introduced by RA 9708:

Under Section 33 of RA 8551, a PNP personnel may apply for promotion only if there is no pending administrative
and/or criminal case filed against him. It was, however, observed that some were abusing this provision of law by just
filing an administrative case against PNP personnel so that they will not be eligible for promotion. This became a practice
of harassing PNP personnel. To remedy this problem, RA 9708 was enacted which provides in part that a mere filing or
pendency of an administrative case cannot prohibit a PNP personnel to avail of a regular promotion. RA 9708 also
provided that a mere criminal case filed against policemen cannot prohibit him to avail of regular promotion unless if it will
be found out that probable cause exists. (Sec 33 of RA 8551 &Sec 2 of Implementing Rules & Regulations of RA 9708)
b. Special promotion.
 He or she has exhibited acts of conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of his/her life above and beyond the call
of duty; and
 Such acts shall be validated by the Commission based on established criteria.
15. What are the policies of the State that must be considered in the promotion of PNP members?
The policies of the State that must be considered in promotion of PNP members are the following:
a. It is the National Police Commission which shall establish a system of promotion for uniformed and non – uniformed
personnel of the PNP;
b. The system of promotion shall be based on merits and on the availability of vacant positions in the PNP staffing pattern;
c. Such system shall be gender fair and shall ensure that women members of the PNP shall enjoy equal opportunity for
promotion as that of men; and (Sec 31 of RA 8551)
d. Except for the PNP Chief, no PNP member who has less than one (1) year of service before reaching the compulsory
retirement age shall be promoted to a higher rank or appointed to any other position. This is known as the “One – Year –
Before – Retirement – Rule.” (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Order No 2008 – 004)
16. What is the meaning of attrition?
Attrition is the removal from the service of a PNP member due to attainment of maximum tenure in position, relief, demotion in
position, non – promotion, or other means provided by law but excluding the reaching of compulsory age and conviction in an
administrative case that carries with it the penalty of dismissal from service. (Proposed definition by TMT)
17. What are the kinds of attrition system?
The kinds of attrition system shall include but not limited to the following:
a. Attrition by Attainment of Maximum Tenure in Position;
Attrition by attainment of maximum tenure in position refers to the maximum cumulative period for PNP member to
hold a particular position. (Sec 2 [h] of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Order No 2008 – 005)
The PNP personnel holding key positions have a maximum tenure as follows:
Position Maximum Tenure
Chief Four (4) years
Deputy Chief Four (4) years
Director of the Staff Services Four (4) years
Regional Director Six (6) years
Provincial/City Directors Nine (9) years
(Sec 25 of RA 8551)
Other positions higher than Provincial Director but lower than Regional director has a maximum tenure of 6 years. Unless
earlier separated, retired, or promoted to a higher position in accordance with the PNP Staffing Pattern, Police officers holding
the above mentioned positions shall be compulsorily retired upon attainment of the maximum tenure in position herein
prescribed or upon reaching the age of fifty – six (56), whichever is earlier.
Take Note: The phrase “other positions higher than Provincial Director” refers to other star rank positions with a maximum
cumulative tenure of six (6) years. (Sec 3 [2] of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Order No 2008 – 005)
May the four – year maximum term of office of the PNP Chief be extended?
No, the four – year maximum term of office of the PNP Chief cannot be extended except in times of war or other
national emergency declared by Congress. In such case, it is the President who may extend the PNP Chief's tour of duty. (Sec
25 of RA 8551)

Maximum tour of duty of third level Police Commissioned Officers (PCOs):

In order to promote a wider field of experience and expertise and to accommodate and give opportunity to an
increasing number of qualified officers, Third Level Police Commissioned Officers (PCOs) may hold the following key
positions for a maximum cumulative period indicated:

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 Position Maximum Cumulative
Period
Director, Directorial Staff Three (3) years
Regional Director, National Capital Region Police Office Two (2) years
(NCRPO)
Regional Director, Police Regional Office (PRO) Two (2) years
Director, National Support Units (NSUs) Two (2) years
District Directors Two (2) years
Provincial/City Director Four (4) years
Similarly, Third Level Police Commissioned Officers (PCOs) holding other position or responsibility who by virtue of
their specialization, technical experience and extended assignments in special fields or administrative units, may hold such
position for a maximum period of two (2) years. They may be designated to other positions, if qualified. (Sec 6 (j) of NAPOLCOM
Memorandum Circular No 2007 – 008)
Take Note: “Third level Police Commissioned Officers” (PCOs) are those with a rank of Police Colonel up to Police General
. (Sec 4 (w) of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2007 – 008)
In order to further promote a wider field of experience and expertise and to accommodate and give opportunity to an
increasing number of qualified officers, what did the NAPOLCOM do?
In order to further promote a wider field of experience and expertise and to accommodate and give opportunity to an
increasing number of qualified officers, the NAPOLCOM further gave the following Police Commissioned Officers to
hold the following key positions for a maximum cumulative period indicated:
Position Maximum Cumulative
Period
Police Regional Offices/National Support Unit (NSU) Three (3) years
Staff Positions
Chief of Regional National Support Units (NSU) Two (2) years
Chief, Regional Headquarters Service Support Group Two (2) years
(RHSSG)
Group Director, Regional Mobile Group (RMG). Two (2) years
Group Director, Provincial Mobile Group (PMG). Two (2) years
Chief of Police Six (6) years
(Sec 6 [i] of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Order No 2008 – 004)

May a police officer be promoted to a higher position within one year before attaining his compulsory age for retirement?
No, a police officer may not be appointed within one year before attaining his compulsory age for retirement. This is
known as the “One – Year – Before – Retirement – Rule” or the “One – Year Bar Rule.”
This rule provides that except for the Chief PNP, no PNP member who has less than one (1) year of service before
reaching the compulsory retirement age shall be promoted to a higher rank or appointed to any other position other than
what he or she is currently holding. Any designation or appointment to this effect shall be considered void ab initio and
may be contested by any interested party.

b. Attrition by Relief;
The PNP uniformed personnel who have been relieved for just cause and have not been given an assignment within
two (2) years after such relief shall be retired or separated. (Sec 26 of RA 8551)
Take Note: This kind of attrition is not found in RA 9263.

c. Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank;

The PNP personnel, uniformed or non – uniformed, who have been relieved and assigned to a position lower than
what is established for their grade in the PNP staffing pattern and who shall not have been assigned to a position
commensurate to their grade within eighteen (18) months after such demotion in position shall be retired or separated. (Sec 27 of
RA 8551)
Take Note: Under RA 9263, the personnel of BFP and BJMP who are demoted and who shall not have been assigned to a
position commensurate to his or her grade within two (2) years after such demotion in position shall be retired or separated.
(Sec 41, IRR of RA 9263)
It must be stressed further that “demotion in position” refers to the designation of a personnel to a position lower than what is
established for his or her rank or not commensurate to his or her rank in the PNP Table of Organization.

d. Attrition by Non-promotion;
The PNP personnel who have not been promoted for a continuous period of ten (10) years shall be retired or
separated. (Sec 28 of RA 8551)
e. Attrition by other means
The PNP personnel with at least five (5) years of accumulated active service shall be separated based on any of the
following factors:
 Inefficiency based on poor performance during the last two (2) successive annual rating periods;
 Inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3) cumulative annual rating periods;

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 Take Note: “Poor Performance” refers to the poor rating in the promulgated PNP Performance Evaluation Rating
System. (Sec 1 (r) of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2008 – 005)
 Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police functions and duties;
Take Note: “Physical Incapacity” refers to the inability of a PNP member to perform his or her duties and
responsibilities due to physical defect/s as a result of disease or injury as may be determined by the PNP Medical
Screening Committee. (Sec 1 (q) of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2008 – 005)
“Mental Incapacity,” on the other hand, refers to a condition where a PNP member is unable to exercise his
or her reasoning faculties or incapable of understanding and acting with discernment his or her duties and
responsibilities as a result of disease or injury as may be determined by the PNP Medical Screening Committee. (Sec
1 (i) of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2008 – 005)
 Failure to pass the required entrance examinations twice and/or finish the required career courses except for
justifiable reasons;
 Refusal to take a periodic PNP physical fitness test without justifiable reason;
 Failure to take PNP physical fitness for four (4) consecutive periodic tests due to health reasons;
 Failure to pass PNP physical fitness test for two (2) consecutive periodic tests or four (4) cumulative periodic tests; or
Take Note: “Physical fitness test” refers to method of evaluating the physical condition of PNP members in terms of
stamina, strength, speed, and agility. (Sec 1 (p) of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular 2008 – 005)
 Non – compliance with the minimum qualification standards for the permanency of original appointment. (Other Sources:
Sec 29 of RA 8551 & Sec 3 (d) of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2008 – 005)

18. What are the kinds of removal under the attrition system?
The kinds of removal under the attrition system are the following:
a. Retirement ; and
A policeman is considered to have retired from service if he has rendered at least twenty (20) years of service; and
b. Separation
A policeman is considered to have separated from service if he has rendered less than twenty (20) years of service.
Take Note: If a policeman has retired or separated from service, he shall be entitled to a retirement or separation pay,
respectively, unless he is disqualified by law to receive such benefits. (Sec 30 of RA 8551)
19. What is the manner of computing retirement and separation pay?
Monthly retirement pay = (50%) of the base pay and longevity pay + in case of twenty (20) years of active service, increasing by
two and one – half percent (2.5%) for every year of active service rendered beyond twenty (20) years.
Said 50 % and additional 2.5% for every year of service shall not exceed 90% for thirty – six (36) years of active
service and over.
Take Note: Uniformed personnel shall have the option to receive in advance and in lump sum their retirement pay for the first five
(5) years. (Sec 34 of RA 8551)
20. May a policeman avail of an early retirement?
Yes, any PNP commissioned or non – commissioned officer may retire and be paid with separation benefits corresponding to
a position two (2) ranks higher than his or her present rank subject to the following conditions:
a. The applicant has already rendered at least ten (10) years of continuous government service at the time he or she applies
for retirement;
b. He or she is not scheduled for separation or retirement from the service due to the attrition system or separation for cause;
c. He or she has no pending administrative or criminal case; and
d. He or she has at least three (3) more years in the service before reaching the compulsory retirement age and at least a
year before his or her maximum tenure in position. (Sec 37 of RA 8551)
21. What is the meaning of permanent physical disability and when is it compensable?
Permanent physical disability is an instance when a police commissioned officer or police non – commissioned officer is
permanently and totally disabled as a result of injuries suffered or sickness contracted in the performance of his duty. It is
compensable when the following are present:
a. It is a result of injuries suffered or sickness contracted in the performance of his duty;
b. Duly certified by the National Police Commission; and
c. There is a finding and certification by the appropriate medical officer, that the extent of the disability or sickness renders
such member unfit or unable to further perform the duties of his position. (Sec 35 of RA 8551)
22. How will the amount of permanent physical disability be computed?
The amount to be paid due to permanent physical disability is equivalent to a one year salary and to a lifetime pension
equivalent to eighty percent (80%) of the PNP member’s last salary, in addition to other benefits as provided under existing laws.
Should such member who has been retired under permanent total disability die within five (5) years from his retirement, his
surviving legal spouse or if there be none, the surviving dependent legitimate children shall be entitled to the pension for the
remainder of the five (5) years guaranteed period. (Sec 35 of RA 8551)
Take Note: The term “salary” as used above is defined as the basic pay attached to the rank to which one is appointed including
longevity pay. (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2000 – 006)
23. When a policeman commits a crime, what are the different cases that may be filed against him and where will these
cases be filed?

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 When a policeman commits a crime; criminal, civil, and administrative cases may be filed against him. Criminal and civil cases
are filed before the courts, while administrative cases are filed before quasi – judicial bodies like Internal Affairs Service (IAS),
People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB), National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM), Commission on Human Rights (CHR),
among others. (Timpac, 2009)
Take Note: The term “quasi” means as if. (Moreno, 1998)
24. Mr. Felicissimo Rosete was punched and kicked several times by P03 Jayson Felix so the former was hospitalized for 3
days. Because of this, Mr. Rosete filed an administrative case before the PLEB and a criminal case before the court
against P03 Felix. The next day, he again filed the same administrative case against said policeman before the
NAPOLCOM. Is the act of Mr. Rosete in filing the second administrative case proper?
No, the act of Mr. Rosete is not proper because it is in violation of Certification Against Forum Shopping. This certification
states that a complaint or a charge filed against a PNP member shall be heard and decided exclusively by the disciplinary authority
who has acquired original jurisdiction over the case and notwithstanding the existence of concurrent jurisdiction as regards the
offense.
What is the meaning of concurrent jurisdiction?
“Concurrent jurisdiction” means the power and authority of two or more courts, body, or tribunal to hear, try, and decide a
particular case. (Aquino, 2003)
25. May a policeman facing a criminal/administrative charge be given a legal assistance while facing his?
Yes, the Secretary of Justice, the chairman of the National Police Commission, or the Chief PNP may authorize lawyers of
their respective agencies to provide legal assistance to any member of the PNP who is facing his case before the prosecutor's
office, the court, or any competent body, a charge or charges arising from any incident which is related to the performance of his
official duty. These government lawyers so authorized shall have the power to administer oaths.
When necessary, as determined by the Commission, a private counsel may be provided at the expense of the Government.
(Sec 56 of RA 8551)

26. One of the quasi – judicial bodies hearing administrative cases against policemen is Internal Affairs Service (IAS). What
is its composition?
The Internal Affairs Service (IAS) has the following offices:
a. National office
The national office of Internal Affairs Service shall be headed by an Inspector General who shall be assisted by a
Deputy Inspector General.
b. Regional offices; and
The regional offices of the Internal Affairs Service shall be headed by a Director
c. Provincial offices
The provincial offices of the Internal Affairs Service shall be headed by a Superintendent. (Secs 40 & 41 of RA 8551)
27. P03 Jayson Felix was found culpable of the charge but he failed to appeal so the decision became final. As a
consequence, there is already a decision of IAS dismissing him but his superior loves him very much so he did not
enforce the recommendation imposing the penalty of dismissal. What is the liability of his superior who did not enforce
the recommendation of IAS?
The superior of P03 Felix who failed to act or who acted with abuse of discretion on the recommendation of IAS shall be made
liable for gross neglect of duty. The case of erring disciplinary authority shall be submitted to the Director General for proper
disposition.
Take Note: Recommendations of IAS for the imposition of disciplinary measures against erring PNP personnel, once final, cannot
be revised, set – aside, or unduly delayed by any disciplining authority without just cause. (Sec 49 of RA 8551)
28. The preceding questions deals with process of hearing administrative cases against erring policemen. Is there an
instance when a hearing in administrative cases against policemen is not necessary?
Yes, the National Police Commission, the PNP Chief, and PNP Regional Directors, after due notice and summary hearings,
may immediately remove or dismiss any respondent PNP member in any of the following cases:
a. When the charge is serious and the evidence of guilt is strong;
b. When the respondent is a recidivist or has been repeatedly charged and there are reasonable grounds to believe that he is
guilty of the charges;
c. When the respondent is guilty of a serious offense involving conduct unbecoming of a police officer; and
d. When any member or officer of the PNP who shall go on Absence Without Official Leave (AWOL) for a continuous period of
thirty (30) days or more.
In case of Absence Without Official Leave (AWOL) for a continuous period of thirty (30) days or more, the PNP
personnel shall be dismissed immediately from the service. His activities and whereabouts during said period shall be
investigated and if found to have committed a crime, he shall be prosecuted accordingly. (Sec 53 of RA 8551)
Take Note: The Regional Directors and Acting Regional Directors of the National Police Commission are also authorized to
exercise summary dismissal powers over members of the PNP in their respective regions under any of the above enumerated
cases. (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular 2004 – 005 & NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2001 – 009)
29. What is People's Law Enforcement Board (PLEB)? State its composition.
The PLEB shall be the central receiving entity for any citizen's complaint against the officers and members of the PNP. It shall
take cognizance of or refer the complaint to the proper disciplinary or adjudicatory authority within three (3) days upon the filing of
the complaint.

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 The Sangguniang Panlungsod/Bayan in every city and municipality shall create such number of People's Law Enforcement
Boards (PLEBs) as may be necessary but there shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every five hundred (500) city or municipal police
personnel and for each of the legislative districts in a city.
Take Note: “Citizen’s complaint” is defined as a formal charge initiated by a natural or juridical person or his/its duly authorized
representative or guardian or account of an injury, damage, or disturbance sustained as a result of an irregular or illegal act or
omission of a PNP member. (Sec. 2 [d], Rule II of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 2007-001)
State the composition of PLEB:
The PLEB shall be composed of the following:
a. Any member of the Sangguniang Panlungsod/Bayan chosen by his representative sanggunian;
b. Any Barangay Captain of the city or municipality concerned chosen by the Association of Barangay Captains; and
c. Three (3) other members who are removable only for cause to be chosen by the Local Peace and Order Council from among the
respected members of the community known for their probity and integrity. One (1) of said three (3) members must be a woman and
another a member of the Bar, or, in the absence thereof, a college graduate, or the principal of the central elementary school in the
locality.
30. When may PLEB ask any authorized superior to impose preventive suspension against his subordinate police officer who is the
subject of a complaint?
The PLEB may ask any authorized superior to impose preventive suspension against a subordinate police officer who is the subject of a
complaint lasting up to a period as may be allowed under the law. A request for preventive suspension shall not be denied by the superior
officer in the following cases:
a. When the respondent refuses to heed the PLEB's summons or subpoena;
b. When the PNP personnel has been charged with offenses involving bodily harm or grave threats;
c. When the respondent is in a position to tamper with the evidence; and
d. When the respondent is in a position to unduly influence the witnesses.
Take Note: “Preventive suspension” is defined as the act of suspending a public officer while a case against him is being heard. The
purpose of which is for the public officer not to take advantage of his position in harassing the complainant and his witnesses and for the
complainant to fully present his case without fear from the respondent. (Sec 55 of RA 8551)
It must be stressed further that any superior who fails to act on any request for suspension without valid grounds shall be held
administratively liable for serious neglect of duty. (Other Source: Sec 71 of RA 8551)
31. What are the effects of dismissal from the service of a police officer?
The dismissal from the service of a police officer shall result to the following:
a. The cancellation of eligibility, retirement benefits, and disqualification for re – employment in the police service; and
Take Note: A police officer who is dismissed from the service is still entitled of his terminal leave credits.
b. The confiscation of his service firearms and other paraphernalia by the Chief of Police where he was assigned or by his immediate
commander tasked to implement the order.
Take Note: With respect to suspension from service of a police officer, it is also mandatory for his service firearms and other
paraphernalia to be confiscated during the time of suspension. (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 1996 – 003)
32. Ms. Maganda accused Mr. Malakas of acts of lasciviousness so she complained in a police station. What section of police station
that must entertain Ms. Maganda?
Ms. Maganda must be entertained by the Women’s Desk. Under the law, every police station throughout the country must have a
Women’s Desk to administer and attend cases involving crimes against chastity, sexual harassment, abuses committed against women and
children, and other similar offenses. (Sec 57 of RA 8551)
To comply with the program of establishing Women's Desks in all police stations throughout the country, the PNP shall prioritize the
recruitment and training of women who shall serve in the Women's Desk. Pursuant to this requirement, the PNP shall reserve ten percent (10%)
of its annual recruitment, training, and education quota for women. (Sec 58 of RA 8551)
33. In the preceding question, what if the only police woman assigned in the Women’s Desk is absent?
If the only police woman assigned in the Women’s Desk is absent, it is the duty of the other police officers assigned in that police station to
assist Ms. Maganda to go to other police station that has a policewoman in charged of the Women’s Desk. (Timpac, 2007)
The programs of the NAPOLCOM and PNP in relation to the Women’s and Children’s Desk include the following:
a. Every police station throughout the country shall have a Women’s Desk;
b. In the annual recruitment and selection of applicants to the police service, at least ten percent (10%) out of the total number of quota
shall be allocated and filled in by women applicants;
c. The recruited policewomen are assigned to city/municipal police stations to assume the task in the Women’s and Children’s Desks;
and
d. The recruited policewomen shall be required to undergo a specialized course in handling cases involving women and children. (Sec 57 of
RA 8551 & NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No 1999 – 012)

34. The local chief executives (Governors and Mayors) are deputized representatives of NAPOLCOM in administering the PNP. When
will this deputation start, end, and withdrawn?
The Governors and Mayors, upon having been elected and qualified as such, are automatically deputized as representatives of the
National Police Commission in their respective jurisdiction. As deputized agents of the Commission, local government executives can inspect
police forces and units, conduct audit, and exercise other functions as may be duly authorized by the Commission.
The deputation shall end upon the end of their term.
Unless reversed by the President, the Commission may, after consultation with the provincial governor and congressman concerned,
suspend or withdraw the deputation of any local executive for any of the following grounds:
a. Frequent unauthorized absences;
b. Abuse of authority;
c. Providing material support to criminal elements; or
d. Engaging in acts inimical to national security or which negate the effectiveness of the peace and order campaign.

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 Take Note: Upon good cause shown, the President may, directly or through the Commission, muto proprio restore such deputation withdrawn
from any local executive. (Secs 64 & 65 of RA 8551)

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