ABHAY MAHAJAN

B.Tech. IIT Roorkee

➔ 12+ years teaching experience
➔ Mentored and taught around 20000+ students
➔ Produced 400+ IIT selections
➔ 15+ INMO selections
➔ 2 EGMO Selection
Don’t Forget to Complete Note:Solution
also attached
the Assignment
 DIOPHANTINE EQUATION

An equation with more than one variable for which

integral solutions are required is called
Diophantine equation.
Type 1:
The simplest and typical equation is
ax + by = c ….. (1)
where a, b, c are constant integers.
 THEOREMS

Theorem 1:

The equation ax + by = c has integer solutions iff gcd (a, b) | c.

 THEOREMS

Theorem 2:

If (a, b) = 1, then there exists x, y ∈ Z such that ax + by = 1.

 THEOREMS

Theorem 3:

If x0, y0 is a special integer solution of the equation

ax + by = c, then its general solution is given by
 DIOPHANTINE EQUATION

Type 2: Basic Methods for solving Quadratic

Equations on Z
1) Factorization Method:
Let the right hand side of the equation be a
constant, zero or a power of a prime number
(in the case of quadratic equation), and
factorize the left hand side to the form of
product of linear factors, then discuss the
possible values of the linear factors based on
the factorization of the right hand side.
 Conceptual
Q1. Solve the Diophantine equation 3x + 6y = 7.
 Conceptual
Q1. Solve the Diophantine equation 3x + 6y = 7.

Solution:
Since (3, 6) = 3, and 3 ∤ 7, this equation has no
solutions in Z
 Conceptual
Q2. Find all positive integer solutions to the equation
12x + 5y = 125.
 Conceptual
Q2. Find all positive integer solutions to the equation
12x + 5y = 125.

Solution:
12x = 5(25 – y) indicates 5 | x.
Let x = 5, then 5y = 65 gives y = 13, so (5, 13) is a special solution.
Let x = 5 + 5t and y = 13 – 12t; where t is an integer.
Since, x ≥ 1, so t ≥ 0. But y ≥ 1 ⇒ t ≤ 1, so, t = 0 or 1.
When t = 0, the solution is x = 5, y = 13.
When t = 1, then x = 10, y = 1.
Thus the equation has exactly two solutions.
 2 Marks
Q3. Find all the positive integers x, y and z
satisfying
 2 Marks
Q3. Find all the positive integers x, y and z
satisfying

Solution:
x, y, and z are integers and 5 is a prime number and
given equation is
 2 Marks
Q3. Find all the positive integers x, y and z
satisfying

Solution:
 2 Marks
Q4. Find all the integral solutions of y2 =1+x+ x2.
 2 Marks
Q4. Find all the integral solutions of y2 =1+x+ x2.
 2 Marks
Q4. Find all the integral solutions of y2 =1+x+ x2.

Solution:
AIME - 2008
2 Marks
Q5. There exist unique positive integers x and y that
satisfy the equation x2 + 84x + 2008 = y2. Find x + y
AIME - 2008
2 Marks
Q5. There exist unique positive integers x and y that
satisfy the equation x2 + 84x + 2008 = y2. Find x + y

Answer: 80
AIME - 2008
2 Marks
Q5. There exist unique positive integers x and y that
satisfy the equation x2 + 84x + 2008 = y2. Find x + y

Solution:
Complete the square on the left hand side to get (x + 42)2 + 244 = y2,
so 244 = y2 – (x + 42)2 = (y – x – 42) ( y + x + 42).
The prime factorization of 244 is 22. 61. We can be assured that there
is only one solution in positive integers by the following two
observations:
1. y – x – 42 and y + x + 42 have the same parity (i.e. they are either
both even or both odd),
2. y – x – 42 and y + x + 42 differ by at least 84
AIME - 2008
2 Marks
Q5. There exist unique positive integers x and y that
satisfy the equation x2 + 84x + 2008 = y2. Find x + y

Solution:
Both of these observations assures us that setting
y – x – 42 = 2 and y + x + 42 = 122 is the only way we
will get a solution in positive integers. Solving this
system of equations gives (x, y) = (18, 62),
so x + y = 18 + 62 = 80
 5 Marks
Q6. Find all natural pairs of integers (x, y) such that
x3 – y3 = xy + 61.
 5 Marks
Q6. Find all natural pairs of integers (x, y) such that
x3 – y3 = xy + 61.

Solution:
 10 Marks
Q7. Find all integers a,b,c, x,y,z such that
a + b + c = xyz, x + y + z = abc, a ≥ b ≥ c ≥ 1, x ≥ y ≥ z ≥ 1.
 10 Marks
Q7. Find all integers a,b,c, x,y,z such that
a + b + c = xyz, x + y + z = abc, a ≥ b ≥ c ≥ 1, x ≥ y ≥ z ≥ 1.
 10 Marks
Q7. Find all integers a,b,c, x,y,z such that
a + b + c = xyz, x + y + z = abc, a ≥ b ≥ c ≥ 1, x ≥ y ≥ z ≥ 1.
 10 Marks
Q7. Find all integers a,b,c, x,y,z such that
a + b + c = xyz, x + y + z = abc, a ≥ b ≥ c ≥ 1, x ≥ y ≥ z ≥ 1.
 10 Marks
Q7. Find all integers a,b,c, x,y,z such that
a + b + c = xyz, x + y + z = abc, a ≥ b ≥ c ≥ 1, x ≥ y ≥ z ≥ 1.

Solution:
 10 Marks
Q7. Find all integers a,b,c, x,y,z such that
a + b + c = xyz, x + y + z = abc, a ≥ b ≥ c ≥ 1, x ≥ y ≥ z ≥ 1.

Solution:
Don’t Forget to Complete Note:Solution
also attached
the Assignment
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