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    ISTQB Test Analyst Notes

    Uploaded by

    Eliana Fernandes

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1.4, Inwoduckion Test arotysbt WORKS + Test aralyus , design, imgherentehion , exeustion 1.2. Tesking in We Syehsore Development Lepecycle. The est anadyect oe be aware of He types 3¢ ‘epemalion to cog): -Requicerents eng engineceing ond wworagement - ay. Revers pesdboue Revieck eronagement - schedude Gopguration acd Forge wroragament= = ress o¢ bald vosipcion she ~ vasa aortel epemcion ~ Sehwore desclogrrentt - eokpchions es + Sphrcre waintenence. - cepants on dkgects + depeck corral) eppiciency = eanparration tea) - Fedroiced) BegpRTT = accurcrte documentobor fan worKanounds ond erown \sive Aecduclion oe tenicd) dhoumertation = ings Rerc. de. os aelt osterniel qxtig (ex. DB doxign spec. / st erniconmert dr.) Tesh PEnnine occuns concn with pro} Tek ele od nh ol a te fn) Test Aro@pas s Bevgr alliges with chouments such as: Sytem mquirements specigcation Sytlern ord anchitechoral (Bighlerdl) darign spesgseclion Goo ponent ( (Yous - Reve) dexxgn specipeckion Terglementchion of Whe test enitaccment might stort ducing system axe Tye sok wordd occur corner wait coding ond cngeert ay Tes Exeeubion begins uen tte erkey cnilecia ae a donee e file Typscelly means Hel ot least comysnert taking ord efon co compra ichegealion teliog Roe. mel Hela oat caileio. Tet Gompetion acon glen Re sylers tak eal cilia ote: met Teadkee od Taecemerte) Hak) est pre oa jeglemertichon, exexthon may lee corducheal for each seckon ee as dre at Hie beginning Me paige oe tn ts a = “t Test ao RoR be vowed in He “eye age exc 1.3. Tesh Acodysis * Anadyie. He test bovis “Tdenbpy degects of vaxiows types in Re test bors + Tdeokpy oncl prioathze test condikkons ond secures to be. teshecl Cophre bi- direchiondl) Aracenbshiy behween cach dlemenst op Hie: text boris and He ascot! tat corclihone “Pengoamn tose oxsscichecl uatlh eivc=bored techy Eatey Cettericr + Body of sonable exuding he Sesh object Rot con save as its tet baw uieemery ' UI shoers ct * TRis test basis Ros essed revtew wilh reosorcke certs ond Qos been updated os needed. ogler He eviews ~To depine. Righ-Reved lest cases, He lesb boss. may cok yok need. tobe gall depired . “Ree is an opprvedt bagdet and seRedille amiable 40 ocom@ish the remaining ‘thoy tows poe Ris teat objecr Test Conditions * Whene documentations may be 0 cnn- exited, the fest axcbthions oy be iderkiped by discussion with slewet stovedaces + The occeplonee. caletia, which or dered ox gout op owe sBeics are often used as He bass gon Re kest dexign "hie usally odvieche to Sepine test aondiibsons at digzering Uydk of dail = thal) condilions ate idenlipiecl to. define po teagels. gon teabey = thre dahoaled candikions ore eniified as fe bait of seecipic test cone This tye og BicnemePircdl can Belo to ensure He weuge Alou a “Test ArcQst to statt canedieg on Sepscig Biff ood teak conditions fon ret stories Rot Rove oot yet been sefinedl Te_qnoduch ewes Gore been depced, 1} untl tee necessary to odes cach, produck aise Roold be iden ped ord tecced bacn Test TécPoi ques Com be RLeh in Hest onaQyeis and may be wxd to soppott Re. cellbcny aechve - Taeetipying. tect ordre “Reducine, he UnekiRood of omitting impactor test carditons “Degeiog more -precike. and accurcite test condikons Concussion Test AraQyst sPoQt vnow whet specige tests most be dexigred FOR eck corer 1.4. Test Desi Tncfudex Re. pollouing ockiwihes: Delerminicg in whr test aieas bo Reve oa PiGh-Qeve test cases ate oped Dhamisis Jest teimiques Wat will encbfe. the necemany crercye 4 xe adhivedt » Osingy Jerk techerques to desieyn est coves ancl sets of dest coves Rat corer Re sdecthpedd test conditions Zalyyieg ceceneuy lest dota to. supgerth test cordtihons ord fest cores “Denrgping He teak eniaoomectt ond + ney ined snycastauchne. socfudlng “och Sagey Srey sid weedy Exley Cei\eric. airy b-diechonad) Anocecbly Test Goses rust be reviewed and oppoved by devddopment ond test team, 4 He » Arata) of Jods Hest ie Be emacs ae Hatt "Test cordikions sRoudd be depined 40 be sed os 0 guide. fxn unscigho Shy + Re. pass/fail aileta ako be cleaudy idenk real Test RoR be designed 4o be ondorslerdable by ofa teskers /onehdlean + Tests RoR corer alll typea of snleochion (APT's, BD, Web...) Tests shod 2c dexgned 40 test He itexpoeas helen re verivaos test sles Test dengn effodt enost be prioartizedd ord) bdbnced 4s adign anth Re cise Leds ond boseess wre 1.4.4. dows Jerre ond tii Leve Test Gores ow: deve) Tak Gre Advortoogs Bedwalage Porce. all We. sgecige sopserraton Repice a egripedt oroadt of epoch Feowk dll Re procedures reed 40 crue | Tard. to bint Yestex ingenuily doniog execchon Tacks moy be eon by digerert kalas Ropsire Ret Re est basis be whl dyiced. Non-cbicus dececks in Re kat buss canbe cevedlel| TPeia Anacecntity to tert condihens mex te ene dere of detail eodbhes cn indogerdert wsipcckin| egpondk Han ual Qiefa-Rerell dab corer Time. spent on austomatecl fecls implementation con be saducecl High= deve Feat Gs) (Able otved de odkput de inprarese) eee Dendorloge Gre. guideb nes gon wheat Pod) be Jerkel J Lacs regeedualfe, matey venpeclcn dixpoltt Pronde better eise coronage. ogeeiereed hig slop eroy te ended to create HR Com be depned eady in Re nempinements Veer og Baik oy cont in sb Re Hare. we TA expecience. and Re tok dct resis on wisng tee ob RoiQ be «ddcleol Conde degced wen vo detailed ocd gas) doamentaton is nepanedl Pattee suiled. goa reuse in dbiggerer'y hesk oydbes wen diggoresiT task dala con be used 4.4.8. Design og Test Cores “Tesh Deagn incbades He idartigiation of He glowing: - jective. + Precondikons : Test Dale Requinesrents (Zagat Dolo/ Date Hat mos exist io the syste) + Gapechel Resubls wilh exptiacr peas/gaid ceileda + Rsteorditons Doveg We developmest of tes conditions ond. fest cones ,s0me ornott of decamestalon is typically createch. TRis. con be. oggected by eny of He. gefbutog: -. ASKS + The odded valve wwtsdh Ye dcumertchon bing to Fe ips * Stondaids to be pallouisd ond von neghons 0 be mat SDLC on apgcoodh used Re nequirement’ for tnocedleltly grom re test bosis 1.5. Test Tanglementation Tt includes Re plowing ackukes: Z Devehbpicg test proceduees, oulemeted test sceipts 2 Ongocicing tests iabo Test suiles fo be exec ina Specitic est Aun Consclhing He “Test Hanagen in yaisaibeing He test coses/euile fo be ocidel. “ Creeskog a test exceuslion schedule, incbuding cesovece aMoartion, to endble test exertion to begin : Firaskicing pregasation of test deta ord lest emviconments Updatiog, Me. fracedoly behween Re test bass ord lestuone sxc os test condulsons, corer, procedures, scpls ord wiles : Teechiey an efficient exeeuhon oar of test cases and create testproceddnnes. “Tesh procedanes doeomect ary with) preconditions ard ony octites flaring + Tdenksgy ter proceduces. ond automated task scuiphs Rot con be. grouped. avd. ecnze Rem into desh suites “This emcdoles cefaled test cares to be executed + Te a aise-bosed tet shoategy 1s being wed the ase wall be Re paimarey toratetion in askirnining He exeathon coder fr He teh ames. “Raoul in dearachve. ond incremental) docloymerts coed , ix impale pe Re ett Pedr to ccondinate ath We Badbyrett hemn + Grane sagst and. enieonmers dala to food into dolebaes ond othe sod reyantotion » Hay Bro create dota to be med with dator daien ond Keycoond = Divven + Rise. based onetyreel) Jesh shecteaies + Unsuighed keling thod cot be norco on aiifless as His con be unpredicebl in dunolion ond cxreroge , ord gre. c Rous rel in degeats . + Afese aie mene drawhaces ie plowing sock coche test shrchagies (etocus ~ Exgerhe rom Be Tak WnS\st = eaquinedl = Durobion con be dizpault to prechice - (prerage am be diggad Yo freee = Repeatoly con be Fock witout eo drumertekon 2 be) separt 4.6. Test Exewhon Tdudes He ply Joss: + Exeurkna mand) tests, includ exfooatvey seks ~ Gemmgeuiing ocd) reals ani raul : Aratyacg arora +5 extol Wein Rcd COUSEA, ~ Repating depecls based on he. goilures cbreaved : Aagiog We accel) cesutls y feck execerkon 4.4. Trteeducion Text AncRysts Pol be imQed : Rise : Rive —t Session = Rese assessment “Rise akgstion Ane yenpoaroee) tactic’) to den) witR emeiging eis Bangiegy anette ond 4. egulluly evalhuole crd_eommunicale ais _stof0s, Sod conteibube Hein. xnowlkdye of fe hairs cbmain eines hkl to sopely, boviness ond economic wonceens , poked) goctons ... Rise Taenk, ~ Gorduchog, expen inlanetos wilh Ke dimoin exerts ord sens ~ Gooduckng, inddgendect esessmerts “Using ae Jeenpheles = Farkdqaking in ive cooneshags ~Raskicipeling io baaieebeming sessions wrth pki) and canner uses “Depning atiog Reabis\s S Ck&iog on past exgeience with weir systems on prdpacts, Scamp. Gives, Hat mgt be derhiged in a prigch: > Tsu wilh conectness + Osabslily issues ~ Pochabvlly assves 1.3, Rise Assessment Colegorize cach ein ond delermine vs wisn Cal Rise Level = Rise LixetiPood - is Re CincliPrcd ‘fat He poleckal problem con exist ~ Rise Tenyadt = 0 Re severdly o¢ Re effect on the vieis casbones stabs Gebas wogdaencing Losieess @iak : = Frequency of ure of the ofpeckd gechre - Bosiness Ross = Goencdl dom S coll oe ea Roses 00 Liabits = Gal “on cuimind) Reged senchons - Sagely @ncens = Foes, loss of Ricente * Lace of rentorclfe weavanoords ¢ pergle connot wom ony erone. “Nisbtdy of Re gentoe “Ahoblily of geiline Reding to regalive pubbietly ord plenkal) image. damage + dos of usshornens Cessigied owing on ondticd salle on tragic sign) calins 2.4, Rise Hitgahon ~ Reduce produuct cise by designing epectve test cos ~ Rasbogcling in revienos of nequiremertts erigns/ vier dowmestation ~ Tmnplemert oppropaictc. eis mikigation ochvities iderbipedl un He dest shockegy end tet or + Re-eveRoale noua css batecl on addidsona) sagon maton aptttercel as fe pieced ungale , odjashiy ese UrelRoad godt * TBanbsgy news aises grom ingacation cblained during teshog Testers reduce aise by grovicling amoreness o the degects and oppoatontties 40 ded) wilt He depects begone vcleose Jo deleomine ete mnikigchon options by wvertigaling oppartonities pe golaticg accunate fest dates , ocahog ord Aeshog ceaishe ren sre arch canduchey on ovenseeing oxhibily sdodies ... IAN. Pricrtbicing the Tests dere) of e's vied to priate kate - Deenaine Mot Hone ic a (igh ei in Re ateo. ef dnarsachort) cemonany in en aaoueking system. Deleconine Met osobaltly Jssves ate a signigicatt wise (oe @ naw ksh cbpet Paioeikee on candy esctilily kot bared on a pcblype to Quip sdenhey onc corde odibily deign golfems eally Lepore He ww acceptors test 2.4.2. Adjoss Teskog oe Rhee Test Ges Rise assessment bin a cankovous proces. Rise ondkyss take inks cccount wah goon “Ary near on signipccrtty cherged product wises = Onstob or failbre -7rore oxecs dixovered ducing Ye. okey = Rees fron ged depects Tyetcd)_ dyeds gourd dani tshog -Underteshel aveos 3.1, Tnleoduction Test 4eciniques co be ied to ext gorebional) ond ron garcdionl) qh, Rarackeridses, and dkerrrioing ophind) test data on desiring fest proceduanes + Block- box rinSudes mod , ond tot cordiiions ase. Dee) noe ow ash + Exgectence bated 1 ubBees sei ont ichaten of fe tales 3.2. Black- Box Test Tecniques S.B.1. Equivalence Portihonieg Reduce. the nurben of test cases aauived to een Sek fhe bonding of inguts,, oxtputs , interna? values ard time -adbled vcbbes Are. createh groom sets og vebbes (40 be precnel ine sare mere, sg ore eprmertchve ude from o padtlion, coneroge gon al tlre in He some padihon As wesc. Arelicabihly (At ory Sect Red) All He membas of 6 4h of vals lobe leaked ote expected 40 be PomdRed im Pe some way ond ofbeic. He sebs of vdler od by He ofp dock iwheroch. Gon be cry ronnemgly vet of wales end opatt bo wdhd end india patrons GmmoeY cred or smace. teshing a oa build on a neta cefecte. Leesctabers / Diggouthes Hoy miss depecs ,1¢ Be arsumghon is incorrect ond He wdlues in Ye passion ore. oct Rended in eva fe some. osey * SoM eke. inl cxccount qosnble, depends bduacen EP of dyer pacmden Con Nomber of gaulshans gon wid co udlve Ras been toed Norrleet o¢ peubtions Hat fae been dorbged Ty Ve. oie of armne an ore panameln “Sdeck o stm on ae ex Combinations walt o® id EP, He minimum requirement is * Simife coerage of AE vil jaihons. ove all pouametas The minimum nomben of test coves ceeded in sock a test suile * Ered} nomben of valid partons of ¢ porameler (iadeperdent on eo offer] Towed EP shoRd be terked at Yost indiacudlly + Fm core of Righ- eisk , (ralRer combiections may be oded bo He tt suike Vy cts ypes op Deg Ta We Pending of vations date. velbes 3.4.a. Boundary Vofve Analysis Test He propen RondBing of vdlues Hot exist on He boondsnies of ondened EP Aperoades: ma S@) + Tooo-valve boundoey: Ye boundany vlle rd fe whe odside He body fas) + Three walle boundary: He vale bepane jon end ov He boondarty TRe asarion s*oPd be baiecl on Re eisi cssodoted Applicability CAL ony test Revd) Ondened EP exists. Pachtios son ahi BVA can be oxtied + + Numeric attebules of oon- numeric. vaniells (Pengi] "The umber oF Roop execution cycles, incading Rapa in sl tecnibon diagpome “The nombee of thactn ements in shred dele stauchres (onncys) * The size of pyscd) chicds (memany) * TRe dunction of echwhes bienbokons /Dregicathes “Aceunacy degends on the cacunate. iderbigicehion of He EP in onder to corey idenkgy Re boondasies, so Powe some Qetahon tfen €P. + Onky ondened poubhon con be ose) Number of boundoey conditions Hak are tested Number of iBenkinied boundany coodtbons Types of Defects Fords defacement ot omission o¢ bovadaaies a = extra, boundaries es fhe Pending fe Sovodary vals (Nita ye \ Xe prt 3.U.D. Decision Table Tesh Tab Ren acgresentation of o set of condihans end celbteat ccttsna , expressed as akes indicohog whic ackion shall occoa foo eshichs st of condthon valves + Gendikons ood. te acsuthog ochons foam ous of He drision teoke terditens ct We toe ackons of Re. barter + Descighon af Ke sordukons. [part calomn) + Res Hot corlain te cardthon wher (lbuing elmat) swede Eckny Deena Valles + whidh comdibins cic Bonleon pom tested bing Decision Tebke eding ss boned on He spcupicdon. RY cardi, iopewatbhe eemocelons of conduhon valves ave exladed ov mmaced of “angersibhe” Mast be consisesst, compete ond axrech, TRe ropls of Re dest cose might be diggerentt paromelers Ron in He candi hons, of He Seavion WR. The ergeckh coils of tte tet cose eray be indinect consequercer og the acions of tte dzision table. “Re axkes, need to be ieginaeel a tect sen by cece Sat ipst ves Hoh plhl Re cardilions ord odtion.. +A gree of aes uslh We some set of achons can be seduced to one nce if some cording. ole ect scent gon He odtan, ond ol the OMer cordihons. somain ved + When a anditon whe 1 not epicdle in conbsachon uth meme ctfer cardihon des o@ when tao ce mee cardthom foe conglicing wdlles “Hoy Pore fot fener cokes Han pl dscivion tolfes , lower curben o¢ fest coiea ord Ress. eggoat. * Deprne separate adks pon coc cassie combination of the nye cendhon velees cater Han eckapsiog He Decision ‘dhe. Comenanty opfhed. 40 ahegpalion /Syslemn /Accephonce Test Leds To comgorertt esting when 0. comgnet is cergonsitle for a dt of decision lye Orel uhen teat diect is specigied in the pram op phuchacks [ibs og Jasin dh Linitakons / Digioulkes Froding al Re intarcching condihiors con be Peering when naqari cements aie oct well. depned oa cot documented at all) eee ee eee a eee Coverage. Number og ules covercd_by the fest susle Teka) number op gecmibte efes Types of Degects Zaconnect Ragic-neboted Processing based on qortieskia combinations of conditions aentling ia unenpecksA neséls Depecls may be found in He specigicalion dosent 3.4.4. state Transition Tesh Test He abildy of Yhe tesh obec fo ente and ext from defined shales vice valid transitions as wel as to fay entering invdlid stakes on covering invdlid Knansiions. Everts may be qubligied by condihions which tpbaerce the toonsbon polf be Koken. Aepticcltily (At any test lal) Any sophaore thc bos degined stokes ond Qos vests Hak wit cause Re Yoorestions bekween Hfose. staks Embedded, slob sephwore ond. ony tye. of eorscchoral) xphsore axe. goo Levtokons /DiggioRhes Dioaminiog fe sea se open Re sect diggin pat op depiing He sake Transition diageorn on stale transhon tbh. Wie Ne incrcosing , He oomben. oF N-surtees grows ty peice, macion, he digg fo acfiore N= switch coeciage wilt 0 reomndhe, smal nvmber_o¢ ests Groacg The minimum ccceple. degree of corciage 3s 4 Pave visikd emery stole. ord toarered ecay teorsien at feast once. Degerding on tRe. cellonships, behusen stokes end fnanstow jit may be necesany fe Kpmeve some teachers orie Her one in oct b excuste olor bom lons a sng bre The Herm “Ni -switdh corenage” neater to ffe cumber of susttdhes covicch oF Bengt N41, 08 0 percertoge of He told) number of suites of Hab fenglr. “Reon tai coreoge” opstica to sibuchons in which sapences of eastkons foun Kops. 1007 goxrd-teip corerog 1s adore uen alll Cops grain ony shake, boon to He sorme stebe hove been tester gon all sloles ot wich lenge begin. ond end. Types 0¢ Depects es evcat types on wdbes + Encamect acton types oa vdles “Teomect whol stoke adelily to nexd mameextt slak ~ hokaltly to enkr nequined sbcks + Extra (uonconcuy) Stokes “srabbly to excouke some vl tnonhon(l connecty Posty fo exceute iowdlid trorbhons - wang gyord. condthons May be good in Re sgecigicolon dhoumert. vlort commen are omissions ancl. contradichoos 3.4.5. Class: ficatson Thee Techeigque TRe data is ongonizech into : + Chassigicalions+ input Jostph paramefens = Chessea: 0.0 specific wlluc. sitive. dossigieahon Mopicobstily Helps 4 rdeaspy youomneders, ord hen. equivdlence posihions Enolkes posable boundary vellues to be vdenligred and certain corebtachion og ioguts fo be idekged Leavebes J) Diggiealbes AS Re quantity of Umapoaiors ord/oa classes ineneases, fe disgpam becomes larger ord Uae easy 4 te. Dos cot ciecle compel fect cones, of test daha comoirahoars . Hust 40 spy Pe calls for co tect combination ty ceate comPde est ove Covenage Test cores may be designed t ocktere Types og Degect Degend on the technique hid We dlassigication trees suppeeh 3.2.6. Posawise Test: C yoiewise. ong) Used oten Texking sochuore in oShich severe ingst paromelers, cock cot rovers) posstb& vellues ,mnust be tested in combinckion, ging vise to wnac combrochhons Ron cre ceceible to fest in the tne allowed. Uses combinatoaid) tecRriques 40 ensuite Hat cock poioncer-volle paia gel tesked once ogiinet cad qaoinda-velbse poan of coc cifer posomeler ,frile exnidiog Leahey AAR combiechons of gouomeler- vue pains. Gessxpecton ‘ees are often aed in axipchion unt padausie. feahog, This Res Xo rderkyy : “nguts to be used by He poiawise test technique “Poukiodles combioctions of inteest Todkador combications waka are. inccengchible - dog) wSuhonBips ewer vesickhes Agehicatality Gombinckions of potameden. valles maxe up the ingut dota for Re test cases Gan be ured to verkigy a cbse of combinathons Hat 1s manageable and. geasiihe Goo guramelas uti crony vives, may inst be apficd to cack paromeler indin. Yo reduce Mhe number of values fon ca quomeler, bepore paicuiv fesking is apghied fo raluce He act of resQhog combinations. ; Usscllly epgtied to he componente rotegichian, system ond system tategrchon 4A lewd Libations. / Diggicallies Assumphon Pat Re casks of a few tesls ote coprerentatve o¢ A) test ond ek Hose few tests represent expected osage. iat is poll ec Wak paicwice teskog may aot ect syseons faibre Bee Hece o1mee Taanhpying He pouameles ond Rein cespechve values 1s sumckmes diggiclt 40 acbiece Ped be pepsamed wilh Re signet of castycclon tees ufee posulle. Grding a mica) tt of combicstions to sabspy a cettain fevd) of coretage is digeaut to cb manuchly. Gmrage Greny poi o¢ values of cny paia of poscmelas be ineladkd to at leat one combiration. Types of Deects Depedts reloled to Re combined vallucs of two paramctas 3.4.7. Use Gse Test Prondes. ranseclord), Lehawion-based tats Hot Pol! emule inknded use og Re component on system specified by Re ure cote Uses coxea one defined tn dams of tatsactons befucen We acfons onda component on sysken Hat cccomplishes some. geal. Appticdoitily Applied in sysken and occeplane tcskieg. snlegechon kshne, ig the befowion of the comeonerts on systems is spectied by ures cote. Are allio cpko He basis for perponmonce teskny becovse Hcy portoay redlicte osoge of te syste. Lreniletsons / Diggtoulhes The use cases mush convey reakistic user tronsectsns. Te vue of a use cose is duced ig tt ches not copfect ron) wer ard onganiecbord requinements, on finders valfen Han assists complchon of vier dos: Ose cases hold be texan os a guidddine but act a compile de¢nthon of chat Rol be \esled as Hey moy not provide a clear depiniton of He echee sd of requiaements. Coverage The. minimum occepteble idl of avenge of 2 ase case ts 4 Pove one fest case fon the base behovion and sufficient oddihond) test cores $0 cores each alfeinatiee. cod eum Rerdling behavion. “Types of Degects tishordling of degined LBovions, enrssed clleimolive befovions, incorrech poresning of We condhons paenked ord poorly inplemenksl oo incoredt evo messages. 3.4.2. Gmbining Techniques eat Analyst RoPW concer He oghiblly o¢ He echoique, He Ort tahors cod diceodhes , end Re god of fe testing in tanns of cxreroge end dpects to be detecled 3.3. Experience - Based Test TeSrniques Uttizes He sxttl ond sctuibion of tte telus. os tte following odvertages “teeny be a good cllaincive to mare shuuchsnedl opproaches. io cases ere eplem dbiomerelion i acing “Shean be ceed when tesbiog time is sevaclly acshicd TH enclfes cuaildbte exgerhie. in He domain ond tecRnabgy to be opie in esking. “St con pronde eaily gecdbacn to We decors Tt Paps Re team become pomiiat osilh He myheare as it is poached TH ic eggectve Ren opeioticne)) sailuecs ae oratyeed! “Th enables a dbiveistly of test techniques to be. cppbecl Disedverdages: Zt may be ionapropeicle in skins, naqtteing debuted lst chamentshon “High Revdls of repeatebtily axe digadt to och “The ability to pecisdly “assess corencge ts Bmitedl “Tesh ase fess suited fon sbeequent oxtomakon When using neachve. cod Remeishe opgrooches , exccuhon rd evalhiabin aie aumet lasys. Me tests cre not cecled entiadly ct Re seme He os He fesler executes fhe 3.34. Error Guessing Uses experience to gun We plod) exons Rat might fave beer, mode. when Re code was being dsqred ond devehped. Determines fe best methods tb use ty uncover Re nescbhing cbpects . Apiabitily Ts dire peiemaely dusting ialegpaion ord systin teshog Lat con be assed of acy test fer). Used cggech ely when tesing ome cease of Re snttuoe to dest °o Common dtgects Lepore sladiny ero. eignnous ond suigted lashing. dicarkessons / Diggioulties Gorenoge ts diggodt to assess od vases will voi He copihlily end expetience Sh is best sued bycn experienced tak ufos is gomidian with He types of degects fhak ate commorky toloducedl in Me type o¢ code being kaha TH ig comrrerRy aed, bub is greqeny nat documented ond so rey be Ress cegecducile Yoon olfer poems of teshog Test cases moy be dboumentedl but in 0 wscy thst of Re aston uncer ard con reproduce ts Qiniled by He expeiiarce ond eraalbehe ae @venage te tealer ond He fre cobb Nornber_og Fexonomy kms. Told camber of ferxormmy items Types of Depects Oscllly Hove defined to the gostiodor degeck Saroromy oF “gua”, thot might ok Pore. been ford io Ybae-box testing. 3.3.3. Qecnlist-Bored Testing Ose a Vigh= Cove, qeneickized bist of vkms fo be nol, Pected, or nemembeted , Ro sh of cules on cutaia against which a tsk cbect has be be verified Applicdeilily (At ory test Rec) Host cppectre in prijeds cuith an experienced tsb team ‘fat is fori ar wile He whoa. undo test on somites with Pe arec corned by He. cPecubish, Terd 40 ocx Hhe dshailed skps comment sound ta test cates ond est pocedinay, Me wroatledye oF Me fesker 1s uxd fo pil in the aps. Used” for negresson teshing ond snare deities Are ctl nikal “there ophute 1x odlecned arch Paypal gee, Lmivlotons/Ditpioalhes The Vigh- ed) of He Rreadiishs con opfect He ecprooucitshty of test xls. Pawo cliggerrt opproodhes to fulhl Pe Pacilat thes, may cause chi geencat test results . 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Apelicabilsly FE fanned, inkrechve, and crcabive Requires PR cdarmestélion bot fe system fo Se festa and is o¢kn used in shaken whee fee ddcurentohion is not guile of is mat adeqocte gon oer dash techniques. Uied fo get suse stony tehng bre poe ord quicd, woth orky minimal doumentahon . Hoy abo be opted to prieds ums a xqental descoganert ma dees talons 0 Deggiastkes Dees not Govide any

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