• HYDROGEN

• SYMBOL H
• MOLECULAR FORMULA H2
• Atomic No. ----- 1
• Lightest and the most abundant element
• highly flammable
•
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 DISCOVERY
• 1. Robert Boyle – 1672
• Elementary Character of Hydrogen

In 1671, Robert Boyle discovered and described the reaction

between iron filings and dilute acids, which resulted in the
production of hydrogen gas.
• An element is any substance that cannot be
decomposd into a simpler substance.

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 • 2. Henry Cavendish

• Hydrogen was first identified as a distinct element by British

scientist Henry Cavendish after he separated hydrogen gas by
reacting zinc metal with hydrochloric acid.

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 • 3. Antoine Lavoisier

• the name 'Hydrogen' was coined by

• Antoine Lavoisier.
• Meaning – Water Producer.

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 OCCURRENCE OF HYDROGEN
• 1. In free State –
a. In traces – Earths’ crust, atmosphere, in volcanic gases
b. In and Around the sun
• 2. In the combined state
a. Water
b. Acids
c. Organic Compounds
d. Plants and Animals
•

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 PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN
ELECTROLYTIC METHOD

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An ionic compound for
example, sodium chloride
dissolved in water is
called an electrolyte
because it conducts
electricity.

The electrolyte is a
compound which conducts
electricity in the molten
state or when dissolved in
water.
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 • The electrolyte is the current-carrying medium
between the anode and cathode. It usually is
homogeneous in an aqueous solution,

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 Laboratory Method

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 Collection
• Hydrogen gas is collected by downward displacement of
water because hydrogen is insoluble /slightly insoluble in water.
• Hydrogen is lighter than water and hence, can be collected by
displacing water in the downward direction.
• Give reasons: ​
Hydrogen is collected by the downward displacement of water
and not of air, even though it is lighter than air.​
Ans.
• Hydrogen is collected by downward displacement of water
because hydrogen is insoluble in water, so it does not dissolve
in water to form any compounds.​ ​
Hydrogen cannot be collected by downward displacement of air
even though it is lighter than it because it forms an explosive
mixture with oxygen present in the air. ​
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 INDUSTRIAL METHOD – BOSCH PROCESS

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 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

- Colourless gas
- Odourless and
tasteless
-Non-poisonous.
-Lighter than air
-Very slightly soluble in
water.
-Neutral gas

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Nature ? 20
 Experiment- To prove that hydrogen is lighter than air.
• Exp.1

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 Experiment- To prove that hydrogen is lighter than air.
• Exp.1

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 Exp.2

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 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• Those substances catch fire easily which undergoes
combustion or burn are called combustible substances. ( need
the low temperature to burn). For example Paper, cloth, cooking
gas (LPG), CNG, Kerosene oil, wood, charcoal, etc.

• A pure hydrogen flame burns with a nearly invisible blue color.

This is because the flame emits light in the ultraviolet spectrum,
which is not visible to the human eye.
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 • 2. REACTION WITH OXYGEN

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 • REACTION WITH CHLORINE

• Chlorine and Hydrogen mixed together

• -explodes when exposed to sunlight,
• - In the dark , no reaction occurs,
so light energy is required for a reaction.

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 • REACTION WITH NITROGEN ??????????

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 • REACTION WITH SULPHUR

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 REDUCING REACTIONS

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 REDUCING REACTIONS

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 Hydrogenation Reaction

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 Class work
• Q.1 – Mark in Book ( Pg No. 84)
• Q2- Write the answer in Note-book ( pg No. 85 – general
methods-b,c,d)
• Q3- Not in syllabus ( Do not write )
• Q4. Ans.
• a) (a) Addition of traces of copper [II] sulphate to the reaction medium enhances the speed of the
reaction.
• (b) Hydrogen forms a highly explosive mixture with air. Hence, it is not collected by the
downward displacement of air and collected only after all the air in the apparatus is allowed to
escape. As it is almost insoluble in water, so it is collected by downward displacement of water.
• (c) The lower end of the thistle funnel should dip below the level of the acid in the flask, otherwise
hydrogen gas produced will escape through thistle funnel.

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 • Q5. write the answer from book
• Q6. Mark in book ( Pg No. 89 Top )
• Q7. HomeWork ( Write in Note BOOk
• Q8. (a) Hydrogen burns quietly in oxygen with a pale blue flame and water is
formed.
• 2H2(g)+ O2(g)⟶ 2H2O (g)
• (b) Three volumes of hydrogen, reacts with one volume of nitrogen to form
ammonia which is a basic gas.

• (c) Hydrogen reduces oxides of less active metals e.g. zinc to form the reduced
metal & water.
• ZnO(s) + H2 (g)⟶ Zn(s) + H2O(l)
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 • Q9- HomeWork
• Q10.
• As hydrogen is a strong reducing agent hence it reduces heated copper (II) oxide
to copper. Therefore, the original black copper (II) oxide changes to reddish brown
copper.

(Black ) (Reddish Brown)

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 • Q11. (a) Hydrogen is lighter than air but it is a highly combustible gas. It forms an explosive
mixture with air (due to the oxygen present in it). Hence, it is not used in air balloons.

(b) A mixture of hydrogen & oxygen on burning produces heat [temperatures upto 2800°C]. Such high
temperature flames are used for welding & cutting metals.

(c) Hydrogen combines with nitrogen at 450°C and in the presence of catalyst iron to give ammonia.
Ammonia is used in the manufacture of urea, fertilizers, nitric acid, explosives, etc.

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