trl$H anmfr{qkfiid

o8
I eQq{rl-rr{R'ls<E<q{tqd r{6 qrffi futr{"t:

M M M M M
c{6 CQ
C
CQ
C
ao
C
CQ
C
CQ
c
<i rl rt s a <t { rt s a T { rf T o F rt .t E a it rt rl { a
EI$I I 2 2 6 4 4 4 5 2 1 ) 5 2 2 2 5 2 I 2 5

ilffef 2 3 't 2 2 2 2 6 2 3 2 2 6 2 3 3 3 6
rida 2 2 3 5 4 2 , 8 2 2 1 6 4 2 4
FRd 3 3 2 ) 7 3 2 3 3 6 3 8 3 2 2 2 6
<R{lE 2 3 8 4 2 3 2 7 2 2 2 4 I I 5
,l c-sa GF6 I
{r.ll< 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 7 2 2 3 3 5 2 I

TfudI 3 3 1 5 2 2 2 2 7 1 2 I I 5 5 I 3 3 7
,|
fi-{qTd 4 4 2 2 4 9 4 2 6 2 3 2 2 5

qafiq 6 I I I I 3 3 3 4
ft.a: to{o firq6{6 6qq16s<t+t q<( qo)uqIrET<iE mtr6E&{ d{ rq&rc €rqqt$sqtr

.! itcT{fr'sfrfuflr ft-+:

cE{tfu
. qfF[Fl5'rqr,$$t 6CO2 + 6H2O ----------,
E {..I
C6H12O6 + 602
{fsrq
!rq{ (C6H1oOs), * 02 ---------+ (Q, + HrO + p;let

. 6frRIREf 'tg16q1<cI)
Fe + 02 + xHzO -------+ FezO:. 3HzO

. NHg {(iFFf Nr(g) + 3Hr(g) e 2NH3(g), AH = -92.38kf

oNH4 NHz
IEfitrt 2NH3+CO2 -O=( t "_--_-.0 = c( +H2O
NH. NH,

* f-:tqc+frffi:
qrr{Fl r Clear/Benign/Sustainable Chemistry.
EFETff . qg-<rfr ft. q-dr q,FtfslT q<i €TI$r< r

. Aq ffiffi< rqBftGqtg6tfu6E<'fir-{frqffi-{Ektfi'(tRs qcrqr 6{T{:

O<<,J'fl'it{Gf{s<.r, (vii)T{EFrmFB+1EFE{r{qtd,
tiDqffis{eb{ffi, (viii)TrErEoIqlqs,
fte (iir{1E{{fr{qhB<rT{'d, (ix)QvFFFaGH,
(iv)fi-dttr'6$fr<siFtqfr'r-d,nt, (x)@nafllo<ffi'o-d'nr,
(v)fr{t"lc.ElT<r<r{qF, (xD{a[cnGEq.f fiTdct,
(vfRGmB.tfunr-wqfr+-*Ffi 1xi116+aGr<t<

rMm \\\ {ffiTdEsrmhorqPlEdrt.. e

 filT6Mft[ : oFIIIT-oB

frtu:
. qoXft frfu$ mt({Iqt rslr{t T{m ftrs xa{ot om +m r

r<fi?T . Rfta=qx qafffi gq'rkq {Rqs E{ 1

. eFTft Rfrfld tr@ {s.tfu< EE \rB I {q .lfuT qk<6q (AG) < 0.

Eqt€"i (i) 2KClOs(s) --> 2KCl * 3ozG) 1 (ii) c + 02 -, co' t

* frfrqt:
. q RGsrs(qIE-s{fr-+ cqtr+rpq<lsmr
.qRfuerElc-l(E{{tr
6<FTN . e frfu$em{Fqrw'{\nMf< eKc]q cIrE I
. q frfuttm {fi-s<"f q'ratr< hlrs fuavT$ lE q{0-s t:=l fie ffi{k s<t Es r

. cW frfulm s<
"ruts1ft Rfr<m <n-<< crF crE frfrflF ffirr<qr{ S{A\o s{ r

ntSt
(i) Hz + t2 (nT cEfu zHr c{Est Fefi)
260"C
WR{.t (ii) cuSor.5H2o + cuso4 + 5H2o
(iii) caco. + cao + co, F6'IIGI)

* E-sT$Rfr{rc e+1ft+-<r<S"nr.
()) cfl{I 'lfrq <l E{(F qr6{ RfrF$ T1-<

( \) ftfuffql-s q{rs{ qfEfril <'r<

(s) <]{l.{Fmqr< Bq"ffqm ftfugqE ceR-r qFrtqt {c{

<Icl{frr cTvK{: 6sl6{t c$lffi {:Ir{ qT{Tft s "FErs{ft frfutrI{ Ck T{r{ q6{ all'trrr; q q{qltrlr ilqffi-s
frfr-sr<mrrE$qrEr
n E-sT.t frfunR qrff{ql esB {Bft{ q{{, Q-'cr<qt +l r

.:. <mrfr-{ tl!fi-<qm.i6 <t ffit?r:

(s) iflcqF qfiY (Stability of equilibrium)
(?D E-s{ft-f clrs qtiTJEI (Easy approachability from both sides)
(1frfu{F qc1fu Qncompleteness of reaction)
t9 el\9=Rrsf Yffi{q flneffectiveness of catalyst)
<I-.iINFTIr+{a&: cskslB'r:TrTRfu$INrl{EmelFFtFlrqfi &srq$ q$Efu1q{i, GT{sl"NlEt, Ef,tqlFrt
{fltql 1k<\r'{ o<IE{, sr< {lInI< q{qF isttq <t <lc{ e{{s-l(< "ik<6s<{, qfu6{< +-qTq sIFfur
E tfisqqr

a G"K \g-t?t$El{qsR:

El'["fts'rtft (-)
gf'{ $ qT {h
1ta ar $ 4',{

ET"RI?T (+) fiqT Ih em fiq'{

ac $
I til
LUI
)qb
\\\ qffiT*qqrcrBg"{qffi...
e
 iTJIIST DEI'I3T

BqffirFfurrc"tqn{r<l

sRt 39 g''flEF FFE gm rF-?tGt I

.:. qT TgI-EI E"r< fi<tarq< elsFt:

1q uo a,r+tfr+ frfrr+ qqfcft qr{ffi <tvl]Fr ErE a{3Rfr$r

(ii) qs <I q6lFrs R&flsle "m[{{ v{|It-41{EtFt +ils1ftfrfrxtr
(iii)stoFrliollfrqrq q'RfrRffidfr(ar
(iv) vl$Il6l{l{TiIFT stc{sffifrtF{Fft-c+r
(v) ut f <li$rr alq$ra'rffi'$qtrfi.riF1
(vi) 5I,t T:llFt cFtcc"tT'tIft{vt{ftrrer
s<fusm {q: fifi8 sr"tqrqm, fiF& a-lrs cq q'{rr Er@ frfumwql'd qftt sra-* gft,
mnnt frfusE lrd ,h

fifql-{$wli{tdq$rsufc"ro mn{t&-sErt qstk{frfrT(i'd (Tqtr, frfrF{Fq'd ercr-sBfrfunra<cfrr

srf,{ e"fT.crd rrlT"fl&s Et r cfuT vd {E[E cKlTlE s& GEF E<r"r fil{E( EAEE flFr C(rlitrs GFlIl{ q<(
fficq qf$ls EI'l cFIEr I
'Brffi{
{fir-r8Fr-o: R{Ef'ffiir e Qr utr"t .{TEB-s{SfrfrTlTEs"W qqt4cEc{ qfr-gv< 6w{ 6{Frlir $FIEI<I
\Tt(Fls il(,R ecfir5"E q<( nft'r+c{6€ qftT smd eq}TK !tr{flg qFE R{ aFt <r e1EEl q ilFfr+
{Fr&a{s {rdT I qf{-E {s (er$,|-:l R:FI C{FTld {Ft-fsFr, r" e vtiFF uft"t lttis-<o, ro r

qiFrs Etq: 6sl.5a frdl.1< 6sl6{t BeMr{ qrFm un <qre & E"lIITlffid fflE E$$ e rEFr frcrc.r<
'tJM 'ffrffi
({lb uk'r< e"tT-{rs c<RI|{ r

.:. Kc € Kp q<fi{Iry+qftqqre"mt+r
n K, s K" 4T lal'6:
(i) K, = x" qs1, qfr frfugs 4p = g qs I

1iq x, > x. qr<, <fr frfu'sllt An > o q{ r

(iiD Ke < K. qc-q, sft frfu{|l an < o q{ r

* A1frq qHF-s q.fq{, Kw = 10-1a [25.c stlrtEl{]

* 'rtfu
qdt ctnfi+-*t s qfiv-c+c 6sfrm {q-6:

[HsO*]>JKw>[OH-] lH3O+l=JKw=[OH-] lHso*l<JKw<[OH-]

* q{€T1rcirsTsiflt{Q:n{Frcct{[ m:Fr {Eqs € 1ll{6{rd qH € sBrFsit E-<cck
mfflir T{c[il( <r1{r{{ <islT,tlGs r €frt q{ETIrgtr E{s-<"t 1o am ofifrs r

qFftvd fircrfq-{ f{s (K"): EG EEI< dT E-<tt B"tfu cftlt qrl( mtEr x?fk m vdi(.i ffis waqF
EIGF, El-rs & qrsd fr'mfqq g{s, Ka Tdtt qT I

I M )bo \\\ 'tffi-{dqurrfutrtart.. e

 fit-Ir6l )EIrt3[ : O[I!JIT-O8
.i. sl<md Ftrstq{ EF-{$ (r<r): sB FER qft{ E-<rt ilF 6$t6{1 sErFF{ mFr qi{lk ({ sfi$ frcrGs w{qT
allliF, \ilrF & Tl-?rs< frmfqq f-a+, Kb <an q{ I

efrrgdlfucmmfr#trqgt:
(i) efirudfrrflq{-s-ff, (iv) m-ft* qliFk qR
"timt$<
(ii) elffirs-d ltqfsf qmrffi qtslr, (v)EFIrsr@r
ltiiy c+-6'* "t<lt p wlim q<,{t,
qr<rq<.t&qlol{ffihqsf:
(i) {E{ q$ts s €eBflt[s-d "nfirc u<ft'r-rf, (ii) sFrs-{ fr"c{fq-{ s{s,
1iq dcrt< fr r{{ !r+<Sr EqTfid sqEl I

pH qr {(Et: mlr{t E<r"R eliwtqq qmq (H') <I qiEfiTl5l qrH (H3oi) q< flFfl-< $Nl-drk {tctfqs (<q-
I 0 sifiR[Trs Q E{["Er pH <r{ I

{rFR FFt: 6q Uq[cI qNl{I qR{Ft aqE qfrs <r sk E+t GFt silli 'Ke &=c6Br pH q< {Fr fr-6.Fr flR-{6 q{
{I, qIT frd a[r$;sl-m<I{FBr&?lcfrIFIr
, qftr<lsREsq: kdE qfrs +qT{fif $Erl;Eq.|<"t: (D cH3c00H + cH3c00- qF;t, (ii) Hrpo; + HPo?- qltr{,
.:. slfts<lsFE-{.tt ffir't<-o + wffi qfrel;Bq'R$l: (i) Na2co3 + HCot qT{, (iD NH40H + NHx qlfl,
a <lTlT 't:I\5I (buffer capacity or buffer index): €s FIEEI <I{fR U?r(q? pH €n {F qF qs[ qfuq c{(u
vq mFr {(filr r?rEr qfis{srn frEE<l cFt Tii[sE{, Erm & <rq-< u-<.r<<rq< s:rEI :rFr i
... <FFET SEEI : s& FFR {rslT EififrBv eFs'{4farr aflqq$n
pH {r+< 1fr<64

(i) cFrs-{s.' K= :+:-*=-:=::

FrtiitvFBm[* qIrrrTF
K, =q|f6u;Cq41Ti!-fi
(iD aA + bB + + dDfrfrTlit ffi@, X" = ; Ko =
cC
ro,,,1rp@ H#
(iiD Kp = K.(RT)an ; €{t6{, An = (c + d) - (a + b) Kc = flfEl3t {Efrqa{S

Gv) frrslql{iil,"=F
a = frrsl-q{TlEl
(v) K"xK6=K-
(vi) pH = - log[H3o+] <I, pH = -log [H+] K* = {F-d q1.gfrse.f€q
(vii) pOH : 14 + log [H+]
(Yiii) <FflirE-{C.'R, pH = pK" + foeffi
(ix) pH = 14-pK5 -loc#
(x) Hr(s) + I2G) 3 i;ffi
zHr1gl ; ftfr'sRq-{i 110 = r" =
(xi) NzorG)$ zNo,(g) ; Rfr'sm q-* *, =$, *. =$
(xiD pclsG) 3 pcl3G) + clr(s) ; frfrrtrsir x, = $, r. = f,,u
(xiiD CH3 CooH + CH3 Coo- + H+;fifu'ff{*r [H+] = qC;
=
ff,
[H+] =./K"C; pH = -log (J-KJ)

!b) {ffi-{dqvrr*fi?ErrqEqt..
\\\ e
 ffilTdI 5nftl:UFfllT-o8

pHfi4r$Effi|fr...
eirfi;rd{<Im'pHfi{r:
TilTfrfid {fi pH fr{T q{cs etr6T EeIm TGFFF loc q< {Fr qTql Et.Tfr r

R:Ft: logl = 0 log2 = 0.3 log3 = 0.5 log4 = 0.6

log5 = 0.7 lo96 = 0.8 logT = 0.9
q<K qfffit 4dl example Cq{f<l-

(D o.005M HCI q{pHTs?

<< q{frr$-d "ld F,{E {$m qEq r (II s{E {(11 qFFr{ Eq{ {$fi fr{6{ ccBrs frrs Cr{ I GT{
eFfrq fi'rl-(\c-
B'tm< M ath frrs q-.ifrrffi "K &{F cstit qEq sli qflrfld q{T lqrfil qr{ : r

,{<R ql:l-{t ch-il<tflfrtr{'iit cFI {(?RIE $El fiprd 'F EeN q\{n 6qr$ E lfrrs( "lit 6'N c(rlfir log frmFl
air<l I c{a-a q{Ird els c$jl E(Er 5 ER-
pH = 3 -log5 = 3 - 0.7 floss = 0.7]= 2.3

qlEffftR Example qtB{it r

(ii) 0.0003M HCI {!l pH Ts?

q?ltr{ i-.ifrrs,-d ql'(Q 4fr q<( els JI(IBIF qrqt 3 I
"ld {(?m
pH = 4-log3 =4-0.5 [og3 : 0.5] = 3.5
C{TFI,

(iv) 0.002M H2SO+ 4T pH Ts?

q<( 6fiT$ilFq(Et 2 frrg Hrson L4<ySl'qRrB',l<Ef 2 vlt et{c(rmB<{
eqr6{E-lfrC<:{ 'R{$rt<ffit 3 E
2x2=4
pH = 3-log4 [og4=0.6]:3-0.5:2.4
(v) 0.0037M HNO3 qT pHFs?
q[srE 0.0037 q< qfu 0.004 frcrl fir<t pH = 3 - log4 = 3 - 0.6 -- 2.4
(vi) 3 x 10-7M HCt qT pHSs?
qQ q-rrrdMarh q< p6p6wsrfr6+EalT{$itR6{r<frF{c< r q<cqeFIffqR{tEqrr< qBq togfrcsqrsr
pH=7-log3=7-0.5=6.5
* pH elr<F [H+] qa$Frrqlfi{T:
@ efrrw pH s.5 [H+] qdrfitdss?
qrtlH {{ {({]I ctrs 1 <g {$n frF qr{ q<\ qrtFt caEs qcgqfts qeI frcst'f s.rd pH qr {Ft fr6ms qr{ r

q<,R
{E ,I({]Em 10,{RfrHFs 'tt\s{n qzffi frqF qrit q<( 'l6ir c(1]I cettrF log ei {t{ {:tlFrt r

6rFFt: (rlltrt pH = 5.5 <afi qIrE r

q{n {4:T(rIJt qffi 5 q<( q( c6cr I <v {(llt ErGr 6 r 6 6{€1113r 'l? 5.5 {fr fi=4[s <T sRm \sFIIrm 0.5
frcstui +-{rs Ec{ r

;.6-0.5
6 GF 10 ,$r 6{C{frs 'N9TF qi{C{ fr{r{I q<( 0.5 qr{t log3 q( {Fr I slt log <tri ft'c< eI : frqrq r

10-6x3=exiO-6

rE
 ilJllEr6r nnqu

a MCe: frr1s <qTqr{fr c<t6 E{ rs q{t${:

01. nI{-{fi!q mt{ il$t<F pH fiTqct s,GO IDB'zzl 07. frcs<mfqB{rFlirFTq? lRB, JB'221
(a) CHTCOOH + HCO3- (a) 30 mL 0.1M NHrOH + 20 mL 0.2M HCI
(b) 40 mL 02M CH3COOH + 30 mL 0.3M NaOH
o) H2co3 + NaHCO3
(c) NHaOH + NH4CI (c) 50 mL 0.1M NaOH * 40 mL 0.2M H2CO3
(d) 60 mL 0.1M NaOH + 70 mL 0.2M HCI
(d) CH3C0OH * CH3COONa
qfiqF; 1s1; E{E qfrs Hzcoe q< mlEr c(1I {irE
{cI{Fr: (b); (H2CO3 + NaHCO3) Trqd<lt$ldr{b
Tf< NaOH ,4< C{F mFt qe$s wftct H2CO3
<FFIil rIR pH 7.4
c-<FE <r€T E-{[.l{ t@ <rr<re
+ 2A2B(s); AH = (+)ve qt
r

2A2G)+ B2(d qfu u<tr pH reFdFrrr 3.0 € 6.0 qrt arN u.{qE
EE
frfr-skffirq{cslslqfi{- lDB',22l ftfrqE<qw+stss a{ aftEft{? [RB, J8,22]
(i) Kp qT qiF-$ atm-2 (a) 20 ect (b) 50 ecl (c) 100 ect (d) 1000 Q6f
(ii) sl,F{IBfi qlgrq Es{c <l@ am<F: (a);ffi=S= rooo
(iii)qrds-ffififis q{€{lrcir
09. ETs-d6t {IE< {tfi&o eroH mtqB?
65t-{Fq6s? {RB, JB'221 [Ans: a]
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
ruto= E
rFrBFt: (r); Ko q< sFs'atm-1 .'. [An = 2 {c oro= E
- 3 = -1]
03. 2AB + A2 * 82; AH: +Ve qt RfrTt< q-qi rcra= E (oo=#
{K"
6sT-{EcEs? IDB'2zl 10. Jr{q<It1rltrEr T{fteT{e [RB, JB'221 [Ans: bl
(a)Ko = rl(Rr)2 o)Ke = &(Rr) (a) l0 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 16
(ct Ko : & (d) K" = Kr RT)l ftor 6eS.,rIF s{q<('rfiS IE effid E-s* qts :

:rqftFt: (c); Kp = Kc (RT)^" + Kp = Kc(RT)2-2

+ Kp = Kc(RT)o +Kp=Kc i
E
04. Kc qr{mlt (FGI r$I{F{fts? [DB,22l [Ans: al E
E
(a){< TFt 1 qco 'l[G;t E
Q) qr {Fr SsFn€d Eqr fi-6< +r* fiT+
(c) qr:nrfi['K$'lirfr6+Tr I l. cl-fiKqErfro< 6$I'{E c6$? [Ctg.B,22l [Ans: d]
(d) qr{Fqft{EFql6{ (a) Sslil(qd qgRq[(q

05. firu<mtqtrqfrsq$qa? (b)'rERTftfiEFntdErd (<ft

IDr,221
(a)HNO3 (b) H3PO4 (c) H2SOa (d) HCIO4 (c)n{eE$fifrRr(drcft
>rqF$r: (d); HCIO4 qR cc€r qd qErt (d)F.{kntfrEFrrcPI{E{qIr
"r<qq ct
12. {l$l{ql{Rfr'{r€qqqm1fr q*'q-
cl{+z{trr{lEr
[Ctg.B'22] lAns: dl
06. 0.1 M NH4OH E-iIC.kt pH {Ft i:s? IDB'221 (1) cFfl'{Sk {R'<-6{!16
(Kb=1.8x10-s) (ii) cFBff{[s( {rK 6$m qfu1 lzB {r
(a) 11.12 b) 2.87 (c)2.00 (d) 1.12 (iii) cFrrFrqt \rFr fr r{ l[cr qri
trtqFt: (a); poH = - log( Vt-8iIo='+70.I) Fru.dc{tiFqtrfl

rEm - is ii (b)i€iii (c)iisiii (d)i,iisiii

2.87; pH = 74 pOH = 7L.72 (a)

)bs \\\
 <DIIEI;I SEIrlll
13. $E?
3.50/o Na2CO3 E:I[ci!t pH [Ctg.B'221 22. 5 mL 0.02 M H2SOa E-{trt 15 mL "rfi mful wrE
(a) 13.8 (b)12.7 (c) l1.s
q:rtqFt: (a); pH
(d) 10.5 fr{c.iitpHsoEr<? lBB,22l
= 14 + log[OH-]
(a) 1.8s O) 2.00 (c) 2.15 (d) 2.30
= t4 +bc(2 x ffi)
= rs.ez Jr:Tttf{: (b); 5 x 0.02
= 20 x S => S
14. Az + 82 + AB. frm? 25'C .o-t'lrtEtltt € + 5 x 10-3M, [H+] = 25 = 10-2M,pH
1.5 atmEket Kp q<{Ft 5.6qFI Kc q(qFISs?
= -loglH+l = 2
lCtg.B'221 23. qfig,erqt{fudq6{'4TcsEB? lBB,22l
(a)7.s (b) 5.6 (c) 3.6 (d) 2.8
(a) HCIO* > H,SO3 > HNO3 > H3PO4
{{RFr: (u); qIsEE cft-fi"t <EI.
(b) HCIO4 > HNO3 > H3PO4 > H2SO3
A2 +82 2ABulQ K, = g"
= (c) HCIOa > H3PO4 > HNO3 > H2SO3
15. flFIIiT T{IIEIIT EffiIV qETFff 6SFF?
(d) HCIO4 > H2SO3 > H3PO4 > HNO3
[SB'22] [Ans: bl
Tirl{Fr: (b); mER cr-€{ fiT[Fql+tql;r 6ft s
(a) K, (b) K" (c) Ku, (d) K,
qstilaFfi,EGftftdr
4+B, F+ 2AB -300C 24. fr[D_d6$FqFrsfrfi(Er{qffi?
2L UB,z2l
qTIt T, AB, A, B q( mlTCClBt CFTRqF IEIEFC{
(a) HF HCI (c)
(b) (d) HI HBr
13, 8, 10. {:rttrFr: (d); cEqfusr ffim ql-ffflTd qRrk {s
grrrd BftftE +tg'rr-{q . <v<T&<EIss<lvtrtr
EtE Sr:fd E-€-{ Et€
16. frffiqclT,F{r${{l{Tg" tsB,22l 25. E?IC.lir pH = 3.6 Er6I H+ qtiltrK $F{t{f Ts?
(a)2.112 1.763 (c) 1.256 (d) 0.473
(b)
lcB'221
(+)'
{.fl{r{: (a,i K. = rABt2 (a) 3.5 x 10-4 M x 10-4
te,tts, (#+) = ,.rtrt
(b) 2.5 M
=
(c) 1.5 x 10-4 M (d) 0.S x 10-4 M
17. etR&flRx. s Kc q<c-"f6+s1t [SB,22l[Ans: cl qqt{Ft: (b); [H+] 10-3 6 2.5 x LO-4M
= =
(a) Ko > K" (b)Kp < Kc
(c) Ko = 6" (d) Kp + Kc
AB(g) + A(s) + B(s); Kp qFF frffis
18. ftr< 6$t{F$fu <Fdi{eiT.n [SB'221 [Ans: dl cslqB? lcB,z2l
(a) CH.COOH * CHaCOONa
(a) atm (b) atm-1 (c) atm2 (d) atm-2
o) NaoH + NaCt {:lt{Fr: (a); qT-s (atm)^n, An= 2-1= 1
(c) Na2SOa + H2SOa fro< conO:N-EBrs.r 1 M NaoH FrcqT clcal
(d) NH4CI + NH4OH qI{Fkrtt{s-fl{, [CB'221 [Ans: d]
19. firxcoRF*H* qsrfilETffifrs? tsB,22l (a) 0.1 M CHTCOOH O) 0.2 M CH3COOH
(a) pH = 11.5 (b) pH = 3.a (c) 1.0 M CHTCOOH (d) 2.0 M CH3COOH
(c) pH : 2.5 (d) pH = 13.5
{:tttlFt: (c); pH R\5 Srt H+ q{ $Nlqt Ei\O 6{Ff I 28. frco( cI-{E{ v'fir E-{rqir pH fitRr?
csF diBr ffi* u-<"m putFr Rna qtfrd pH [CB'221 [Ans: al
qc'rH <5'{ qFI? IBB'221
(a) NH3 O) PHe (c) HF (d) HrS
(a) Co (b) Al2o3 (c) Cao (d) Co2 WI(F[: (a); NH3qfrs$tfts
,r:TtttFt: (d); CO2 qfu 29. c+tqF rffi-{ <lrst-{ E?rcl? [s.B, Din.B,22] [Ans: c]
21, 0.3M CH3COOH &:t(ckpH$E? IBB'221 (a) NaOH + NaCl
[K.=1.8x10-s] (b) CH3COOH + CH3COONa
(a)2.63 O) 3.52 (c) 1.34 (d)2.s7 (c) NHaOH + NHaCI
{TI(fd: (a):

rE
pH =- togr/f S-iTO:i x O: = Z.el (d) H2co3 + NaHCO3
 <oIl{EI }Etllt
30. 450"C EI'FrEIlr HI 35% frr$l&E E6q Ke q< nI{ 36. ArG) + Br(&) + 2AB (g); AH = 1Ys ffier$
ss? [Din.B'221
qflr<- [MB'22] [Ans: dl
(a) 0.8250 atm (b) 0.7250 atm (DfrfuTIEEIqRIft
(c) 0.0825 atm (d) 0.0725 atm (ii) {f:tcFFF Kp € Kc q{ {Ft {5IFI
:Et{Ft: (d); 2Hl e H2+ 12
(iii) ffqrl<l-{<gq(5-ft'ld EsFr c{t
l:2 00 ft5-dc{lqFcfr-s?
E: 2-Za cc (a) i, ii (b) i, iii
iii (c) ii, (d) i, ii, iii
a = 0.35
ficus Eft "r+F qg q<t "r*<S *F ec?r E-s{ qf€ ;
.. d2 035
Ko =
Ei"r, = o!fu,= o'o7za9
2AB2G)+Br(g)+2AB3fu);
31. 0.05 M H2SO4 {T pH $E? [Din.B'221 AH = -Ve
(a) 0.1 O) 1.0 (c) 1.3 (d) 2'0 qnTfrffire- [MB'22] [Ans:dl
qqtqFr: O); [H*] = 2 x 0'05 = 0'1 (i) Kp ,4S?F atm-1 (ii) K. = 11o1Pq
". PH =- log(0.1) = 1
(iiD vl"Fifid qk<6r{ Kp q<{Fr iffisq{
Eft'r+E qv eR,r{{frEfi qrfdBs{{1*3,
firu-d6{FFcEs?
50 mL 0.18 M CH3COOH E-{rt 60 mL 0.10 M
(a) i,ii O) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
NaOH FIlt GtFtFdtFl t PK, = +'25
firur Effi qv qR,rfiS etrfd Esd c1€ ;
Eft{rfi u<L'6f 6o1qF qBR-o qn+r<r tDin.B'221 NHaOHlao -, NHI + OH-
(a) 10 mL 0.10 M NaOH
38. ffietr+' sH- \qErffi 'flTV 0.02M ErE q< pH sE
(b) 10 mL 0.18 M CH3COOH
(c) 9 mL 1.0 M NaOH Er<? [MB',22l

(d) 3 mL 1.0 M CH3COOH (a) 12.60 (b) 12.30 (c) 1.70 (d) 1.40

T{FfFr: (d); q&fiq cH3cooH qd 6{FI{(tl Frt{Fr: O); = 14 + log(0.02) = 12.3s

PH

= (50 x 10-3 x 0.18) - (60 x 10-3 x 0.1) 3e. El'['Its{rftfrfu{tcr{l- [DB'211 [Ans:al

=3 x 10-3 mol; {l Option (d) @ qEq I (i)L+M-Es"lf(+u"t

JJ. Eft*cq E-s[clir cFIl{ qRrlol Hrso, flFt sirFt (iD x+Y -$qe[q'' 611 = -Yg

ft6m? [Din.B'221 (iii) A + +sH-+Esffi

B

(a) pH{gr{ O) pHQrqfsr{ firur6srdFn6's?

(c) H+qd Tfili{r {vr{ (a) i € ii (b) i s iii (c) ii € iii (d) i, ii, € iii
(q oH- qErffid{{{t(I<'TrlI as. 615ffi1fulffiqfrs? IDB,2U
{{Ff1;t: (b); fid'tB {trt <lsK Flct r
(a)HNO2 (b) HNo3 (c) H2SO3 (d) HrSO4
34. qFrc<1kq6{er GFIfi? [Din.B'221 [Ans: bl >rqtcFr: (d); H2so4 q 6s€T 'mrF qL<H ${
> HCIO4 > HNO3 > H3PO4
(a) HBrOa T<ETTGFI
(b) HCIO4 > HBrO4 > HNO3 > H3PO4
41. freq"flfi-dpoHsE? IDB'2U
(c) HCIO4 > HBrOa > H3PO4 > HNO3
(a) 14 (b) 7 (c) l'4 (d) 0.7
(d) HNO3 > H3PO4 > HCIOa > HBrOa
:Et{Fr: O); freh "ftfrro pH = poH = 7
35. fur-d6{FrRfr'sl{Kp = K"? l]s'IB'221
Hro-q<qFftqs@1qF?
42. tDB'211
(a) A2*82 + 2AB (b) A2 + 382 + 2AB3
(c)C + 2D +A. (d)C+D=3A (a) oH- (b) H* (c) o2- (d) H3o+

tt{HF: (a); An = 0 {trT KP

{{lttFt: (d)i H2o + H+ + H3o+
= Kc {T I

rE
 <EITdISNftT
43. Ar(s) + Br(g) + 2AB(g),AH = +X kJlmot; 50. fr[F< 6sH frft-sm Kp = K"? ICtg,B'211
frffio- IDB'211 (a) A2 + 82 + 2AB O) A2 + 382 2AB3
(D El'c"ti{ EEFIfrElnFI (ii) Elq$qk elv-l-{ftc,I{l{ (c)C+2D=A (d)C+Drn 3A =
(iii) eMimrPfr'slRErq]{ {:lI{Ft: (a); An = 0
firur6st-{Fq6's? Eft{rqd qkqlm'r*-<fi 1F ar,e-* Be* ntis:
(a) i (b) ii (c) i € ii (d) i, ii, s iii cH3cooH + H2o + cH3coo- + H3o+
c{t{Ft: (b)i rfl$firqF +stqr${ Pfi-$I 6t r
st. frffisqt<ft t1sFFFrD [cts.B,2lllAns:cl
(a) CH3COOH (b) Hro
<FFR E-{q< d{FK {trat {Pffie firr{ 6st{B?
(c) CHTCOO- (d) H3o+
(a)sl-.Rrctfr$<ftB [RB'211 [Ans:cl
52. ffie15$, q6sir !;Nliql 0.001M q<( frLTtq{ {lql
(b)wrqfirl{{ft€{ct
100/o R(dI, Ka qT {Ft $E? lCtg.B'211
(c)qt\e{l€'qTcdclftG
(a) 0.00001 (b) 0.0001 (c) 0.001 (d) 0.1
(d)TtqrciTftG rrrt{Ft: (a); K" = a2C = 0.12 x 0.001 0.00001
=
45. 250 sI'FrlEEt "flfr< pKw q< {Ft iFs?
C
53. HA,qt Ka:1.8x10-6 qrq 0.2MHA q< poH
(a)7 O) 10 (c) 12 (d) t4
sE?
q:ftqFf: (d); pKuu = logro(10-u) [Ctg.B,2tl
- = 74 (a) 13.300 @) 10.778 (c) 3.220 (d) 0.6989
frru-< U61*u r** "ra<S
qr:k Bs{ c't\s : rylt{Fl: (b); HA
' '(l-a)c = H+ +
qc A-
ct
+wrttefrcu<pKu€({FIEE: IRB'2U
A= 4.7,8 = 3.25,C = 6.4,D = 1.8. tH+l=JK"xr=6x10-4
.tfuttftefr-sc.TFfu pOH= 14-pH = 10.778
Eftqm{ qlrqtr$ "R-<ff EE qr:rd Ew Er€,
(a) D (b)B (c)A (d)c
MXs+MX3+X2
q<{FII\'T:I I qfisE\51fuIllft
qCt{Fr: (d); pK,
r
lfrrsM{ {fEI o re olB ul"t t atm]
47. fr[sd(<rHfrfusKp > Kc? IRB'211 s4. Uft'rsRtRrtrKe qrcF- lCtg.B'2ll
(u)
iH,(e) +Jr,1g1 + urlgy oS ooS (iiDKc(Rr)
O) ir,r,1g *lr.,G) + NH,(g) firu-*c+n8c6.sr
(c) pcl5fu) pcl3(s) + Cl2 (s)
= (a) i (b) i \e ii (c) ii s iii (d) i, ii € iii
(d) zsor(g) + or(s) + 2so3(s)
{Ct${: (c);
rFtFtFt: (c); An = *1; Kp K.(RT)^"
= MXs+MX3+X2
48. X+Y+ Z qT 4{r(-{s A q<( z+x+Y qR 100
rlfryl{qt 1-q tr q
fi{ig.{sBqc{cs|q{ffiq6+? IRB'2U
t/A
(a)B =
.'. n = 1+c
(b) B = 1Aa L.,
(c)B=A (d) B-1 = A Ke=.$- =*"=*[p=latm]
' I-(I'
q{t(Ft:(a,d)iA=# ,=H i;P
frrrr Bft,trqd qnrfir-s "r+<ft qF oct< b-s* nts :
49. {r{rT{T6s ffih<lsl3rE-+tfu{? tctg.B,2rl cl:rrfrfr'fias,(e) * le,(s) + Jn,1g -w"r
(a) NaHCO3 + H2CO3
55. ,{ REF{Fffi@ Kps Kc qrco|-6FFfil tsB,2tl
(b) CHTCOONa + CHTCOOH
(c) NHaCI * NHrOH
(a) Ko = 6"1PPz (b) Kp = K"(Rr)1
(c) Ko : I1"1p1;-1 (d) Kp = K.(RT)-2
(d)H-COOH+HCoONa
crt{Fr: (t); tn =)+}- t=t

rE
:IqtqFr: (a);TE({it<F<lt<ttr{l(.i6<|Tkfrqj{FT I
 ilIT6rlnqEl
s6. Bfttr+<frffi<mm- lsB'2u 63. TErT{ Trs.:t pH Fs? [BB'211
(a) 8 4 (b) 7.4 (c) 6.4 (d) 5.4
rirI u<xn1fr ctm Ke-q<{FIEH "rt{
wt$t: (b);tMft-+q{QH{rstpH = 7.4
1r1 utt 1fr o-*ct ar, c< Bsttna 1fr "m
t

(iii) sPFrtqtlfr c"tFTqtnt<q<qlvl{frr<tqr<ll{ 64. qrfr E{c.ld oH- slFrr{{ q;NlEf 3.5 x 10-4
frrur6fiqFc6fl <cn, &u<c.t<pH+-w UB'2U
(a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii,iiiiii (d) i, ii, (a) 3.ss 10.54 (c) 12.55 (d) 13.54
(b)
qqHFr: (b);EFt1fr6oa, s n, e<Es{RR1friI*r rrqlqFt: (b); pH = 14 * lo916(3.5 x 10-4)
s7. {fi(q{fr-seqFT(r*) e<qqs@Fff tsB'211 65. ffir{< {r$< pH qqffis nl{i q{i G <ISBI
(a) mol l-1 O) mol2L-2 FrctqsMsr<- UB'2U [Ans: b]
(c) mol-2L2 (d) mol2l2
(D 4t{rfr<ls]-d (iD <1i?K(nE<FFlil
;fct{Fr: (b)i K* = [H30+][0H-] q<( qq{ (moll-1)
(iiD {)rrd<FFlir
s8. w+x+Y+z ffiT{Ar Rfrrtr c-rfrTft
frfufl< qrff-{s K1 € erfis{fr frfu'sF qKg{s fr[E{GtqFcfst
Kz {FI T|{I3FFF, K" = as2 [sB'211 (a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(a) K1,K2 G) K11,Kr(c) K1,Kt1 (d) Ki1,Kt1 66. zs"C st9I{Etl{ RQ5G)
=
R03G) + Q, fu) [JB',2l]

rwrrtq: (c); *" =mmfr frfrrm ro = 0.14 atm (FI

(a) 5.72 x 10-3mol dm-3
Kc sE?

59. rdrqBtmq*<sKq8sefl [sB'2l][Ans:al

(b) 2.338 x 10-amol dm-3
(a) LiOH < NaOH < KOH < CSOH
(b) NaOH < LiOH < KOH < CsOH
(c) 5.62 x 10-a mol dm-3
(c) KOH < CsOH < LiOH < NaOH (d) 7.265 x lO-smol dm-3
(d) LIOH < KOH < CsOH < NaOH q'qt{Ft: (a); Kp = K"(RT)1
60. q<5F 1.0 flFtrd NH4OH E{Cq< frC]lq-{ Tlqt 1Kc -- 5.72 x 10-3moll-1
1.34% rEsu-<qF<Kb q({Ftss? [BB'211 oz. wffi{ {r{cTd 661-a 6qKrf E+q<L< @r{?
(a) 1.659 x 10-4 (b) 1.975 x 10-6 [JB'211 [Ans: a]
(c) 1.557 x 10-6 (d) 1.795 x 10-4 (a) <qFF FI (b)Fl{F1{
qfi{Ft: (d);o=#
fo = q;zc = 7.795 x 1O-4 olr{d 6{lt
(c) (oq{dftcoF
61. zs.c stefrrElI{t N2o4 ,q<( No, qlt ff-i fr{rci 68. CH4(s) + 2or(g) + COrG) + 2HrO(l) -si',l;
srcqr qrFro EPI rctldF(Er 0.69 atm q<( Rffiqqcffi<vrrc- UB'2U [Ans: dl
0.31atm.N2o4 q( Rr{M-{ frfu$t ro o< rr+ q<{l{Ifr{r{
(i) Kp q<{FrEl'IqIc<t (ii) Ke
rFE? IBB'211
(a) 0.349 atm O) 0.249 atm
(iiD cFiKt<lfl{6d{lr<
(c) 0.449 atm (d) 0.139 atm frrr;<mtqFc6'st
>rqltFr: (d); N2O4 + 2NO2 (a) i (b) iii
ii (d) i, iii
(c)

K^P =
tio, 0 31'
= 0.1,39 atm.
69. 2.5% HrSO4 E"Irq3t gH- q3 qqfiil q{- uB'2rl
Przor=
...
0 59
(a) 3.92 x L0-7 (b) 1.95 x 1o-7
62. 2NH3G) + Nz(g) + 3Hz(g) frffin Kc qd
(c) 3.9? x 70-1a (d) 1.95 x 10-14
qF<F- IBB',21l q{t:tlT: (tl); H2SO4 + 2H+ + SO?-
(a) L2mol-2 (b) mol-2L-2
(c) mol2l-6 (d) molzL2 [H,so,] = ff = 19:3! = s.255
cnfrf{: (qftoB-gTqE); an : 4 - 2 -- 2; lH*l=2x0.255=0.51
q.s-E (molFl)2 = mol2L-2 [H+][OH-] = 10-14 + [OH-1 :1.95x10-14M

rE
 <MIT6I OEI9I3[

fou* E'fttrq-< qn-qka,B-<ff EE ccrd Bsd q.ls : 76. +crm {fr'$r'rl< rErq qIT, g<r$-d ffi qffis
T.C vfeFl(t s 2.6 rtm fiHfr[Tdfifu1F4$Rql{ E{? [CB'2rl
qIR- A2B4(c) +2AB'2(g);LH = 55.3kI (a) Ef'FfiEt (b) {{{|af (c) \ff{\5{ (O es|{s
70. frffi< fr6n1s{ {tqt 1s% Er* Ke q< ${ T{t{Ft: (a); TilTTEFFF ffiqn|qEPNIEl<O1Tft6{q-q
iFE atm? [cB,21l 77. firrdcrFrBHSo;q<q{aftqlp tDin.B,2ll
(a) 0.3s1 (b) 0.184 (c) 0.176 (d) 0.053 (a) sol- O) soe- (c) H2So3 (d) Hzso4
{qt{l{: (b); A2B4(g) +2A82(g) C'{t{Ft: (d); HSO" + H+ ------------r HzSOa
Jll{ir<Ers 0.8s 0.30 78. 1% HCI BrccEt pH sE? [Din.B'211
.'. n = 1.15 (a) 0.s6 (b) 2.00 (c) 2.50 (d) 5.6
I'
s'19!1136's
/9,!!-,\'z
Kp=+#a=0.184
qfi{Ft: (a); * = ## = 1 =
+ S = 0.2739
71. frft",#'r*r<crg pH = -loglH+l = - 1o90.2739 = 0.56
(D sleFrlql<lvlFr qrrdl AB, Evf{ Er< Eftqrqq qtrqlm "r<-<S qO ecf< Ev<
firu-q q.re :
(iD Et4 <lgrq Kp q< ql{ <tvr{ ar(g) + nr(g) + 2AB(g);AH = +ve
(iiD Kc = Ke(RT)-I 7e. E fm{frffiFEtq<lvmfr \d?
firurcrr+F{6s? [Din.B'211 [Ans: d]
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii (a) Eq{q a1@ (b) Kp <t6g
>EtqFr: (c); An = 1 €{( {FRS:[+ cSTFFIEI (c) frfrr+<fcv (d) Etcai-rr cs[tril esFr cii
El'frll-Olit s'R fr6K<'6d I 80. rfrsHqlqr<1glr{tE{81-{r{- tDin.B,2ll
firr{ 6$llBaTR u<rfurm <;m<r<r lcn,zrl i. Kp <Iq ii. cEl-{{ir cflr{I 9lR+f{s{m
(a) HF(aq) + NaF il1.qFKq1 q{cfi frcs q€frK q{
(b) cH3cooH + cHrcooNa ftu-qmlFc8sr
(c) HCOOH * CHTCOONa (a) i, ii (b) ii, iii(c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(d) NH4OH + (NH4)2CO3
Tfi{FI: (c) ; ql-.tfrrc=fts ftG
q'{t{FI: (b); +
CH3C00H + Na0H CH3C00Na + H20 81. c+ffiqfi-s<lsRTfl [Din.B'2I] [Ans: c]
73. <Hrrfr'sqnrt{qR?<fi?r (sFD [CB,21] lAns: dl (a) H3PO; + Na2HPOo@) HS- + NazS
(a)frEwr<wft (b)Rftm1-?rcrTft-sr (c) co3- + HCot (d) cH3c00H + cH'co0Na
(c) Esl{rcr E[nMft{\o-f (o cm( @qsEI qn-dra,rq-<ff EE qra-< E-er n\s'
frca-* Efrqre-<
74. firu-< mtq pH TFB 1M HCI u<rfi qlr q6{Ml? 82. CHa($ + 20, (g) cor(g) + ZH2o(t);
=
lcB,2rl {c]frfr'{ttr{fficcofqBE({M]? tMB,2rl
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 (a)r:rhFqqqm
>nrtqFt: (d); HCI -+ H+ + Cl-;pH (u)EIl{E;ITqflRs
= -log1 = 0
75. 100m1 0.01MHCl q<( 70 ml 0.02MNHaOH (c) ct{IKqFEt4frfi'rT
': I FTcl'{srqfr{f6EeffB<<- ICB'2U (d) El't E[{k't ffirFrql st{frrs qr{l€Rs E{
e (a)qftsrllFk (b)stA{<ffin {cT{Fr: (d); Sqqtrq rRtftT srt{ c{lqrt(?fil
(c)frfi'fs (d)qffr frfu"m-c<vqqRsqr
{CkF: (b); NH40H + HCI -+ 1111n91 1 1-116 83. corq q-{qtrd ffiT E:r[*r pH>7?
Lx10-3mol 0
1.4x 10-3mol 0 (a) NaCl (b) CuSOn (c) Na2CO3 (d) NH4CI
CtryFt{l{4 x l0-amol 0 1x 10-3 mol c-fl{Ft: (c); Na, CO. 5fftn 4q"1 I

IE
 frIV;I 5EIrl3[ : UltIllT-oB

84. ca'FI pH rlCF{ WTaF[o <lQElffiq ql]rlTd {{{Et 94. A12Os,.{<qEYTE? [Ctg.B'191 [Ans: dl
6Fl? tMB'211 (a)z (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
(a)2.3 (b) s.s (c)1.a (O 9.5 95. CH3 - CHz - OH + CH3 - COOH
q{{Ft: (a); pH{I!ETq qkrq-dwlqtEior<ft -+ cH3 Hro; d'lF* eil
H+ r
- coo - cH2 - cH3 +
85. 0.05M H2SOa F{trl-<l pH T9? tMB',211 ffies? lCtg.B'191
(a) 0.s (b) 1 (c) 1.5 (d) 2 (a) 650/o (b) 78o/o (c) 830/o (d) 1000/o
T{I{FI: (b); HzSO 4 -+ 2H+ + SOl-
[H*] = 2 x 0.05 = 0.1;pH: 1
q:r{Fr: {c);A,E =,"H##*ar 100 = 83.01%

s6. q{l{r{ ftfrF NH3 FfreN'ltqc.r Egr{s€sa frlEdEft'ftTl qlrclrs affi 1$ ar,eit E-et ne :

Rqtr<r+FBrqsssfl lMB',21l ZAB2G) +BzG) r: 2AB3fu); AH = -ve.

(a) Mo (b) Fe (c) Ni (d) v 96. mlfrfr{tftru- ISB'lel
{qI{Ft: (a); qg-r<-$ frrcr{ Fe q<( elgl-<FF {qlso (i) Ko (T €Fo atm (ii) K. = Xr1P1;
ftqr< cftrrvtq rKdE qs sk qffs Mo; (iii)E'f"i:rEl qR<6r{ Kp qT{F qfr-<6sq{
87. SOz q< TInTq< {Ft TE? [DB'191 [Ans: al
frrE-{6+tqE{E$?
(a)z (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) s
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
iii (c) ii,
88. Er{ pH fr{ii[*Tq-dr 6sr{E{I{qsEfl
IDB'l9l [Ans: d] "l-' = 21r-r
{:II{FI: (bt: k- u< oooatmz)/atm
(a) 6r{d T{ (b) ET HCr 97. {mRffics AB3(s) q<Es46r$ qR<-
(c) NaOH (d) NaHCO3
[SB'191 [Ans: b]
89. 6St{E<1Tt{U<q? [RB'191 [Ans: cl Osteffi Ifr n<rq fifl Ifr F-{r{(ii)
(a)Eq (b){{ (c)Ts (d)ffi{lt6{dE+t (iii) frfu$qfq caks AB3 (s) q,Frm F{rq
so. {lF{pH1frcg 6{lrB<I{qrd qdlqfl ftoamHFqEst
IRB'191 [Ans: c]
(a) KNO3 o) NH4NO"
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(c) CaO (d) (NH4)rHPO4 98. qFE <lsF &-{cct o.z orq {r{lr<fi-{ qfrs
91. coqFqkr.lffiqfr"u? [RB'lel [Ans: dl (pKa = 4.8) q<( 0.02 cflEB-s efrM{ 6tFffi
(a) HF (b) HCI (c) HBr (d) HI ffictql(qr €<pH rflaBz tsB'191
fiT Eft'rr$-{ qtuEtlT'r<-<ff IF qek Es* qI€' (a) 2.8 (b) 3.8 (c) 4,8 (d) s.8
N2o4(s) e zNor(s) frfu'$Fd cE]l{qlT frcrtq{ c'{t{Ft: (b); pH = pXa + }ogffi
rIId$ q qr{ qr( rtim frqrtkr mE urq p.
s9. csfiI{lEtn fr'alt{fr'{ qfrr5{ fuw{ TlEil 10% ErE
cTcKqt{ NO2 q{qRFlsEtlcrEt- [ctg.B'I9]
2o..P - 2d.P
q<pHqFTE? lsB'r9l
(a)-
' 1-o (t)- (c)-o.P -.
td)-
a.P
' 1-r
' 1+o " 1+o (a) 1 (b) 1.s (c\ z (d) 2.s
>WtEl+: (b); N2O4 + 2NO2
10 flt{Fr: (c); pH = - log(cc) = - bS (r*a x O.r) = Z
1-c 2q,
2o
.r R,^ = 'o
a-(r+2d ,P= 1+.r
xP 100. firu'< coq'iitrc< Etffi T{'c-t cqrucr cfu
93. Vft"rro-dfrfrT$ictro- ICtg.B'19] lsB'r9l
oKo =!TIr (ii) K- = !4"' (a) CHa (b) CzHe (c) C3Hs (d) C4H1o
l-ttz
(iii) Ko = x.1PP
(a);qfuFd'{r{q<$raqffi muton
{ctrrFr:
101. Nr(s) + 3Hr(s) + 2NH3(g). Rffi< qmts
firurc+Ff c6s?
(a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii 1fu{<.<- lB.B'191 [Ans: dl

; an = 2 - 7 --
(a)Et{Ifr'ro O)Ss'ftnlk'(E
cql{Ft: (c); Ko = i* 7
(c)frfuTs1firs (oEIqqlqI1fri(9
,1 Kp = KC(RT)I = KCRT

IEN \\\ {ffi-{dsEjrrBsr+tE rt..

e,
 <IIITAI UEI rl3[ : Ql(fl{-o8
r02. 6<rl'Htft-qftsTt6ti{ ffFllir$FilErr 0.05 M (rq pH Effi eF, q{ e<('rmff qE er,:ta Ee< nt'e :
risq6{? [B.B'191 25"C sl'FrlQF 1.5 atrn ElPf {Fll{{k 15.6% pCIs
(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 13 ffio qgr PCls q<( Cl2 rffffi{ qT(FF Et t
>mt{Ft: (d); pOH Iog(0.05 x z) = r
= {cll@.c{ L095 ((( 0.202 atrn.
...pH=14-1=13 1l l. KP q< qF se? lD.B'r 7l
103. m'Ftfrfu'rl]IElqefifrs<fl [B.B,l9l [Ans: dl
(a)2.74x 10-2atm (b) z.S4 x 10-2atm
(a) N2 * 3H2 -+ 2NHs O) C2H6 + Oz -+ C02 + H20
(c) 3.74 x 10-2atm (d)5.74x 10-2atm
(c) S + 02 + So2 (d) Nz + o, -+ 2No >nftqFt: (c); pf,1, r Cl2;Cl2 \9 PCl3 qrtr
t--E6E-[t |.__ ql(FrsEf'f
PCI5----------+

{{f{<<r
104. 1662y I ln+nl uB'r9l
Ie"roHr"l I I
.'. xo = 9393I!:393
= 332 x i0-2 atm
B- 1 12. ffi{5s-s frfuqE <fr ecr, mt{ o-<f Es, Er{-
c wt[*t oH- qErr{d!;F{I{lq[{t-
(a) 1x 10-3M [D.B'17] [Ans: bl
(b) 1x 10-4M
(c) 5 x 10-3M
(Dfrfuq{{ftr$q€frKEr{
(d) Sx 10-4M
soxo.o2_!!l!13
(ii) Rfu$,{5-fs ft6s qeFK q{
{ql{l{: (c): x 10-3M (iii)rffi1-aq6ffia5o*
-l;+so--z- =
S
105. 6qh sfeffiEls {fi-{ qkfi-s ecI€5arq qF T.flks? firurmnFc6-sr
[C.B,19] [Ans: d] (a) i (b) i, iii (c) iii (d) i, ii, iii
(a) 10"C O) zs'C (c) 30"C (d) 100"C 113. HCO' q<q{<rft$lT$mFE? [D.8,171 [Ans: bl
106. c'lTq-g1t6rdq.frTEirc"rirpH q<cFt 7 q< 6Fp (a) H2co. (b) co3- (c) (d) H* cor-
lC.B,19l [Ans: al 114. N2(g + 3Hr(g) + zNHr(g) qft-a3qfu aa6qq
(a) Na2O (b) Cl2O7 (c) Sio2 (d) SO2
107 . <lskE?tctErdlt- [Din.B'191[Ans: c]
(i) 30mL 0.1M CH3COOH s 15 mL 0.1M NaOH
{FIF{S K2 TEie [R.B'17] [Ans: c]
qTftSI (a)x,=rf (b)Kz=Kr
(ii) 30mL 0.1M CH3 COOH re 30 mL 0.1M NaOH (c) K, = /E (d) K, =
iK1
qrfrdci
(iii) 25mL 0.1M NHa0H € 15mL 0.1M HCI q( frq6t
t rs. ZVo (fl
ruarCo3 E{r.k pH qn{Fr$E? tR.B,l7l
(a) 10.6 (b) 12.6 (c) 13.6
(d) 14.0
firu-{c+r+Fc6s? (Y\ 2s 2oE
(c):
\ V,,/= 100 mL-
T:II{FI:
(a) i,ii
O) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii '-
2o/"
l0OO mL
108. 6sFrfrfr-fiFr(9 K, {t (FF (atm)2? = 20g/L =
20
mot/L = 0.189 M
[Din.B'191 [Ans: bl
,*
poH = -[oH-] = -log(2 x 0.18e)
.'.
(a) Pcl3 (g) + CI, (g) pcls(s)
(b) 2NH3(g) + =
Nz(g) + 3Hz(g)
= 0.42 :. pH = 14 - pOH = 74 - 0.42
(c) 2HI(g) e H, (s)
+ rr(s)
= 13.58 = 13.6
I I 6. qtsEw{-qtffiffiN qfts{ct qTr S-itl {1T
(d) coclr(s) + co(s) + clr(s)
(i) <lsk E:Td< pH rtFrl -
109. {fu{sd <Etco {itl{- [A1 8.,18] [Ans: a] [R.B,l7] [Ans: c]
(i)mFrEr!;Hfql (ii) frGlq{ s{<rfi4r
(iDq$RrEf"r
(iiDElqfr$s( (iii) wls pH q< Tl{Ffn U-{"t ?ER

firu{contc6s? frrE-{6$FFc6s?
(a) i, ii
O) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
1 10. 1%o HCI FIC{T pH:FE?
ll7. qsc{Fl efrFfr{rs c'llvtF sE 6[lq q&@-{
lAn B.,r8l qrnf5-{?
(a) 0.s6 (b) 1.0 (c)2.6
(d) s.6 ICtg.B,rTl
q:fi{Fr: (a)i tH+l 19I 1!"-l o.z7 +U
' = M = 36.s =
@i o); (c) 1 (d) 3
.'. pH =
-loslH+l = 0.56 {qt{Fr: (b) ; C2H, + 1C.2 --------; ZCO| + HzO
 <utsl )EItl3[
Eft,r+E rc er( "rfiq@ drf*Be-*nte: fi[E-{ Effi qV q?R qd-d Es-{ nt\s.
"fr-{G
vFErqM{ ffi *i'tlct 1 GFt N2 o, mfu <t 25'C st'i:rrdfl's 1 Ffilir E-{c't qr(lo 1.0 x to-3
61-q p51, uavsqs;
<ry]v@t{o flFRl-Tlfu-s1 e66fip6"66fr6p1p.
Nro4(g) + 2No2(g) 127. l- (aq) .4< {{qIEt fte"r F-{rq Pbl2(s) 4{ rlcel
l18. cl.$f{qlrr N0, q< q\Fla - [ctg.B'l7l [Ans: b] {IrJ|TAT all-st Pb2+(ac) qmr+< Ir{qrql<t b'rd

ru)ff tt)ffi c)ffi

't'l (oH 6-+qeeRfrsKTfi<?
(a) a e.tRK (b)
[JB'171 [Ans: cl
vHqr{ (d) 16EHsr{
16 e6ter<(c) a
119. frcx coF efi-sE<qE( pH {FIF:P 128. mf{ frfurlF {fi' eFF <q(ts-aBR qs Rff(q
[Ctg.B'171 [Ans: al furf +r<r UB'171 [Ans: bl
(a) 0.s M (b) 0.05 M (c) 0.00s M (d) 0.0005 M (a) H2O + HCI -, H3O+ + Cl-
frcu-dEfrlTF qw "r+<6 qrfdE-q{q-t\sa (b) H2O + NH3 "+ IrtHf ',u gH-
Ca(oH)z + aq--------", @+ 2ou- (c) H2O * SO3 - HzSOa
(d) HrO + CO, --r HrCO.
tzo. Efterro oH- qrr{i{ ttlTY 0.02M qr{ q< pH ss
tzs. (slqFEftsr eFrs? UB'171 [Ans: dl
Er<? [SB'lTllAns: b] (a) HMnOa O) HrSO4 (c) HCIOa (d) HNO3
(a) 12.60 (b) 12.30 (c) 1.70 (d) 1.40 130. 6$l{E q{(ft qs-sl-?l-s {'Fl: UB'l7l lAns: bl
ftu< Eft"mF 'rrv'r<-<ff EE qet< Ee-d ct€ c (a) HCl, NaOH (b) H3O+, HzO
80 mL 0.25M NHaOH WrCct 20 mL 0.25M HCI (c) 02, H2O (d) H+, ct-
E<"lGFtT-{tqr{lt 131. Nr(g) + 3Hr(g) + 2NH:(g); Kp- q{ qm
frffi<
121. ffi"ro frqr"t qGks qfis <l slrr{ qfu6r s-',-? A? [JB'17] [Ans: a]
[SB'171 [Ans:a] (a) atm-2 (b) atm-1 (c) atm (d) atmz
(a) 60 mL NHaOH (b) 40 mL HNaOH 132. 6sFFcqlc"t6Kqq{fi'#.l4ci? [JB'17] [Ans: dl
(c) 100 mL HCI (d) 20 mL HCI (a) c3Hs(g) = 3C(s) + 3Hz(g)

122. ffia6 frcffi< pH 1ffi q-{co Erq fr[T< (b) C:HeG) = C3H6(g) + Hr(g)
(c) c3Hs(g) *lorG) = 3co(c) + 4H2o(b)
r6|{fr qt{Er mFl TFls E[<? [SB'17] [Ans: bl
(d) C:Ha(g) + 5or(g) = 3coz(s) + 4H2o(b)
(a) NHaOH (b) HNOq
133. qsB E<("1Eli@'tffi;r qEIfld T{{lqt 10-amol/L
(c) HCooH (d) cH3cooH
qrqEq'E(rk polr aE? lcB'171
123. ft{eFrsc{FE? ISB'l7l IAns: cl
(a) 4 O) 6 (c) 10 (d) 14
(a)FE{F6{gl?sslts' {5rf<Ft: (c); pH = -log[H+] = - log[10-a]
O)sr{rq?srs'fu'BF. = zl.'. pOH = 14- pH = - 4 = 10
74
(c) 3 1.1.C q< frr6-{ Frfu q?Sgfu 134. {B-{s{TECS 6lrt{- ICB'l7l [Ans: c]
(d) 72.8'c El$rlEk or4"q srtqglts (i) qt(fts El"r (iD qHft-s s{ (iiD ffirEF {drtqt
124. frfr-s|{Cfr{d,4Fs6s'lqF? [SB'17] [Ans: b] firuqmtqFc8sr
Ls-1
(a) mol (b) mol L-1s-1 (a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(c) L mol-1s-1 (d) mol L-1s 135. fuT-d (aF Rffi{ Kp q< qT:F (atm)2?
125. 6F|qB<Mkfrs?<FEn UB'l7l [Ans: c] ["u [Ans: c'dl
(a)s{9 @)ERIET (c)qsEt (d)'I{fis (a) HzG) + Iz(g) + ,r,(r) "l
(b) 2NOzG) Nron(g)
126. Q{ Er'I:IEEr qFs{ 1fuT 6$I{ frfrF{t{ =
(c) 2NH36; + NzG) + 3HzG)
qffi{{magFrfrsk<.<r<? UB'171 [Ans: a] (d) cH+(g) + H2o(g) + co(s) + 3Hr(s)
(i) crH*(g) + Hr(g)
=
c2H6(g) 136. fu5;d ffiq qsltrq{ r<r"f< pH qF z q['isf
ffis
(ii) 4NH?(s) + 5oz(g) + aNo(s) + 6H2o(l) c<ftr [Din.B'l7l [Ans: bl
(iiD sos(g) + No,(g) + NOz(g) + SO2(g) (a) B2O3 @) BeO (c) P2O5 (d) Cl2O7
firr-{r+EE{04? 137. H3PO2 q< TK$Y TE? [Din.B'l7] [Ans: a]
(a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii (a) 1 (b)2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Il$l
 <IJIIEIaI DE rlS[ : GlttJIE-o8

a Mce:R&{cr+rr-<{EQrffiqTffi{MceE{s{fi11-{:
>
06. frrr{6sFrEstlqft frfu-{t?
-
(a)C+02=CO2
[Ans: bl

01. qtEqfrqsfr{ <qTr{frE sfdt +{E:r{q fiErr{{ (b) N, + 02 = 2No

(c) 2H2 + Oz = 2H2O
atfte${E? [Ans: bl
)o (d) CH4 + 20, = 69, a 2rro
(a) )C (c) )8
(b) (d) )a
or. ga 6qfifg< tcBftfu {r$'frru( corBq8+w 07. K* Rfql{frc- [Ans: d]
enrffi (a)cl{itsEFfio (b)EF-JEtactls
(a) <rfi
"ffi 6l{s<6t (u) cr{rc{ (c)El<s<-o (O{fr-dqffiseft-q
(c) dft-flq-d ffi{l (d) q6{r sfu-qlq *fi flhfws H2so4 E\{trtrr frrET 6sF err:-lrr
08.
I:rtqFr: (c);"tq,
Aq csfif$n ftq.ll <fs-{lsr{ rCfr
<FqECfl
ffi qsqt&q\r-f-6{ fiIT{RErq( EIilf ft(tRs (a) Fe (b) Ni (c) AI2o3
[Ans: dl
(d) VzOs
qmcq I setf-
09. 2ABz+Bz + 2AB3;AH: +192.46k1R&'{[EF
). {6i {qld 6Ff$<"t, crfiF$qflq({-d.i\t 6$t{D [Ans: al
t.qr<le{qETffi, (a) Eb-\,flflEt € EEFF,| (b) fiTst"iqliat € fu1
e. {-i-sr{ftr ffie<irTq<, (c) Euutotllol € Fqflt (O fiIs-Firffi s fiTEI"t
a. fi-{Hr mfu+,iE {k-fid'Ht, 10. A+B SO Rffim Kp q<( Kc q( w'f66<
c.frfuffi*tfuqsgr qfi$d'FT, =
{fr'ffi.iCTI{B? [Ans: c]
s.fuTmEI{${r{qir, (a) Ko = 11.1p11-1 (b) K" = Kp(RT)
q. +<m*rqtqr +tumrq <r{sF, (c) Ko = K"(RT) (d) K" = 11r1P112
u.{nwsorqlv'$, 11. Nr(s) + 3Hr(s) = zNH3(s) ftffio Kp s Kc
b. qsl<.{e[TFt, q<{c${ef56fFB?
[Ans: cl
)o. AFft-E6ot1s{{frqd'm, (a) K, = 6"1P112 O) Kp = K. (RT)
)J. {alrFr6{Eq.tfitrEq, (c) K, = t1.1P11-2 (d) K" = Kp(RT)
)q.E{trqlEfuqr l
03. frfr-{kClctrdqF-{csFF?
CaCo3(s)+ CaO(s) + COr(g); Rffi< K. q<
lAns: bl $Ftqmcsr--{fu
(a) mol dm-zs-r [Ans: c]
(c) mol dm3s-1
(b) mol dm-3s-t
(d) mol-1 dm3 s-r
(") K. =
#* tu) K. = IH#P
04. C{FfrfrF{ITER{{(EMC<FP (c) K" = [COr] (d) K. = [Cao]

(a) CH, + CI, 3 cH3Ct + HCI

13. Coclr(g) + Co(s) + Clr(s) Kp- q<ftffi<
qFF6$EB?
(b) Na+ + Cl- -r NaCl
(c) Mg + O, --+ MgO (a) qs<FK$r (b) atm2
hu (c, arm - (d) atm-2
(d) CuSOa. 5H2O--r CuSOa + sHzO
:rqtvFr:(a); frrclHT qtmft{fi q$'
T{l{Fl:(a); Kp, K", K,, Kb, K- tElfr-d mf{
{irfi{ FFF-{ qF-rctrBef: qMtftclfor
frfra't r Fr+o R&nt 1< 6E {EEI q{ r
Btmo Rfr*< ffitEI Kp q< €FF = (atm)an =
05. coaBwl]I{{r?<fi!jII" (atrp;z-t = am. (Ref: Sft{ Clt{ € eR qIk)
(a)ck{r{Ry @)E-srfincqlr-otmpr 14. 2so2(d + Or(g) + 2SO3(g) + 44.8 kcal;
|

(c)frfrFst<qr< (d)frfrrldqc't4sr Rffiosmol {fVgqftnoi lffi v& llns; a1

:Et${: (c) ; TmEG-r ciclRqrd ?<FBi: (a) so3 qir sq{q;r em etEI
illtrfr<F qllil+qR ?<FEr qS r sa[:- (b)RffirT{Tftc{
(i){kri<{rfry GDes{fr-ssl1-{{'rTJEI Eqq{ ET
(c) E<aT SO3
(iii) frfufl?qc"'lfuj (iv) elEFrtrFdEfi-flft{sr I (d) Q, q< 1R{FIEE etm

I E
 ?m{a tEIrlS[
l5_ q{< flhfus NH3 Bq{Er{ 6sF eNr-l{sF <Kqe rF.6{-+Ffi*re*qsY:
Cfl [Ans: b]
(a) Mo (b) Fe (c) Ni (d) Cr NaOH, KOH 1

16. fur( c+l-{E qfr-s fig { qfuffi qfrs? lans: cl Ca(oH)2, Mg(oH)z 2
(a) HNoa (b) H3PO4 (c) HCIOa (d) H2SO4 Al(oH)3 3

17. ficr< mtqtrEfis{ efrs? Al2O3, Fe2O3 6

(a) HMnoa (b) H2SO4 (c) HCIOa (d) HNO3 21. Al2O3 q( qEV frcDB [Ans::d
dl
:Nlql{: (O; frR qfrrqd Rmlq+ s-++, zs'c: (p) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6
22. HSO; c<w1rft,efrumnff
(a) H2SO* (b) HzSO: (c) sol- (d) Hsot

Eli@.l@lRF {III{FI: (a) ; Tswail 5l{5q-d YlJft 'sfi

s :
H-CI 2xL06
efrs GIct)
TTqdlTqfrs 3 HCOt H2CO3
HPO(oH)2
(H3PO3) x LO-z HSO; H2SO4
o q?rt NO; HNOa
aEFsqfrv H-O_N
I
\02 ,4fis oH- HrO
(HNO3)
:o Hzo Hgo*
qsfrE-dM o 7.4 23. HSO; qT[I-?t q:FFfil TEFF
qfrs(Hrso3) = s (oH), x'10-2 (a) H+ (b) Hzsoa (c) so?- (d) so3-

TcTfr.S o 't ', crl{Fr: (c); iF6{rFE qr$q q{qft slil-s:

qfrs(H3Po4) = P(oH): x 10-3
q?Erc qfi-s 4.5 HSO; soi-
O=NOH EGs{ co?-
(HNOr) x 10-4 HCOt
qfrs
HCOOH HCOO-
clq@rflR{ H-F
3.5
qfrs (HF) x 10-a HCN CN-
o HCI cl-
q<fr'+efi-s 1.8 Ans: b
H_C-O x 10-a
24. 6$f-dF
(HCOTH)
-H (a) NH3 (b)HCot (c) H3o+ (d) Co!-
qitfitrs o 2s. frrE-drlq$E-r,{ftdfl [Ans: cl
1.8
qfrs CH3-C (a) NH: (b) HCI (c) H2O (d) HrSO4
x 10-s
(cH3corH) -o-H 26. 6$r-{trql1pftsltrsqqlfu lAns: dl
18. rsI-{F qg-SKO Ttfq? [Ans: b (a) H3POa @) H:o- (c) H2SOa (d) HSO;
(a) HCl, NaoH G) H?O+, HzO 27. fio< mR u-<.tg cm pH ,4T :tFI q-6frs? [Ans: dl
(c) O2, H2O (d) H+, cl- (a) 0.01M HCI (b) 0.01M HNo3
19. NH3 dci-<q$ft qfl 6rFff [Ans: al (c) 0.01M H2SOa (d) 0.01M H2CO3
(a) NHf (b) NHt (c) NHaoH (d) NH2- fro< mr+ pu rtr+<u-{qBrc H+ q<vlnlot 6FP
20. H3PO2 qT TI($Y Oe-? [Ans: d]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (a) e.s 7.4 (c) 5.s (d) 2.3
(b)
{ct{Ft: (a); FffiSFqrHit TIiFFY: 29. fi13E'flfo5' G*) q<{FITE? [Ans: cl
(a) 106 mol/L (b) 10-a mol/L
(c) 10-7 mol/L (d) 107 mol/L
H2SOa, H2CO3, H3PO3 25'C ElqTfdllsfti3q pH+v? [Ans: cl
{fr<
(a) 0 ${l) (b) > 7 (c)7 (d) < 7
 <PllIl6I Uelrrq ; qq[!-o8

31. CH3COOH ((
K" = 1.9 x 10-5 qF (r) culcrR eflfr<
ps = 6.6-7.6;
0.1 M CH3C00H FI(cRt pH TE ? [Ans: dl ($ Wlr4sf <lmfuq{ pH = 6.2-7.4;
(a) 1 (b) 5.78
(c) 3.37 (d) 2.87 (e) IlYqct-{ pH = 6.6-6.e;
32. 0.1M HCI q< pOH q<:IFt qs?
(8) eEIl6:K pH = a.5-8.0;
(a) 1 (b) 14 (c)2 (d) 13
(a) TrGr pH = 7.4 a<R
TFTISF: (d); pOH
= 14-pH =74-L= 73
33. 10-e M NaoH q( pH q< q{ frrE< cmFq
(s) {3 rlEffi "m "ils.sdfiMff+t{.ls{<(D[.{
c<ft qffT "iRmeR {c{i (pH = 1.s-3.s) allrs r wq
fr'+bs{qc<?
q-{qfu cfifu qfu qlror qrptr TEtrffi
(a) 10 (b)7 (c) s (d) -10 'tls's{
ri': fi{: (c); pOH= -log[OH-] = -log[10-e] = cffisftwcc<TR{IR6{r.lpH = 7.a-8.0
9 "t{seflm r

.'.pH=14-9:5. 41. qfts qtBce fr[Dr mt{ <I{irB-s{ad <I{{{ s-<t

34. 20mL 1.5 M NaOH E-{.t \9 1.5 mL 2.0M NaOH qrTqrs? [Ans: cl
E<"tfrAEq{r{fiUrqTrFFIEIIss? [Ans: a] (a)tBk$Trk (b) q{ s ft{r
(a) l.s M (b) 1.65 M (c) 1.71 M (d)1.78M (c)g,r4{1?D,I{ (d)?q<{l{
35. qsF uEc"t clE@tcqr q-:rffd c{FIk $Nlqt 42. rfid pH {FlsclrlksFu" csr{E<I{qEqfl [Ans:c]
1 x 10-e qr{, Elt@tkEq-rr6K fiFTEr$FrrqTqr{- (a) CaCOr,MgCO3 (b) (NH4)rCO3
(a) 1x 10-3 (b) 1 x 10-4 (NHn)2HPo, (d) CaO
(c)
(c) 1x 10-s (d) 1x 10-6 43. ftq 6sT{ cqlvt qff{<|$F &-+t?Efr T,rd? tAns: dl
q'l[{Ft: (c); [H-] x [OH-] = 1 x 10-14 (a) NaOH HCIs (b) CH3COOH s NH4OH
+ [1 x 10-e] x [oH-] = 1 x 10-14 (c) NH*OH i3 HCI (d) CH3COOH s NaOH
+[OH-]=1x10-s 44. {Fr< <rs' 6sFr <lsF E-{"t frqFIH?
25"C EFFIEkRq'ffi(q{frs a.lFsE?[Ans: a]
(a) NaHCO, + H2CO3
(a) 10-r+ (b) 1 x 10-7
(b) CH3COONa + CH3COOH
(c) 107 (d) 1014
(c) NarHPO, + H3PO4
37. FeCl3 qdqft{Ftr6Br pH <rsEC<?
(d) NH4CI + NH4OH
(a)>7 (b)<7 (c)=t (d)0
{:II{FI: (b); Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl ..+ FeCIs * 3HzO;
{:rt{l;r: (a) ; rEcq< <-cs-< <l+lil ffi\e
).<]t$FftiB<ffi{,
Fecl3ffi"tB ffi
wt< e €-< efu.sn frfuflr
\. qlss(stft{ T-{GTI <IFtd,
Eq"Fqs r Elt pect: q$F qs{fr E-{.t r

e. efq:rt cElE{ <lsFr

{l{c{d <re{ pH 7.4s q< (<Ft qffi, c*{ET qI{-
I
J6.
45. 6iF'lc{t <lTld u(cct rFI sTclER x- € Hx El-(q I HX
(a)titnrgr{rfr{ (blqjfrisrfr..q
(R K" = 10-8 qrf {TFI uilctF{ pH {c<-
(c)clFfslFflfr{ (Oqjtffi (a) 3 (b) 8 (c) 11 (d) 14
qqtqFt:(c);{Ersd <r$-d pH 7 €it T:I Effi
qifrrulfr{<rql {rt{FI: (b); pH = pK" + rogffi = - Iog[10-s] + logl
39. ffio @lotogical) pH 6dq 6Fl{& [Ans: d] =8+0=8
(a)6-9 qftr <r+m u-<q-< pH fi{cn< c+so.f 6sffi
(b) 6.e - 7.7 EcEt
(c) 6.4 - 7.9 (d) 6.e - 7.4 [Ans: a]
40. {EF-d ofr!-{'tlfr{ pH +s? (a) pH = pK" + rogffi (b) pH = pK" + rosffi
(a) 7.4 (b) 6.6 - 7.6
(c) r.4 - z.O (d) 6.6 - 6.e
(c)pH = pK, -lrcffi (d)pH = pK" -locffi
{fi{f{:@); {f{6ffi .ftr? qfrF sm @FEFrko 47. lmol c2H5oH- ({ t{rs6{$s fll{ co, BslsEa?
q@t frfrn frfu*erqt qqqQr qmT firFrc- q+ (a) 1 mol (b) 2 mol (c) 3 mol (d) 4 mol
,9<( SfrFE@trwffi{Ififfi pH qFT<ri@ r cm, q:ft{|{:(b); + ---' ZCOz + 3HzO

rM
CzI{sOH 3Or
 iDllsl SEIrllf
48. frcr{6$l{Eqqisfitdt [Ans: bl 61. FFt(rFra[ EEFm<I{{((Bs"lIq-{ <I{Elc "lF, q<
(a) Fq&{ O)nriffiffi{ ?FlSrfArEf- [Ans: dl
(c) tqr< (d)stw,lrs{ (DRfrflrrfrl"t1&ercsrd
49. fro<m{ffi{wflF<pH{F4t(xTGFl? [Ans: b] (i0frfu$q{qR'sPl"i(ellra
(a) 0.1 MNH3 @) 0.1 M NaoH (iiD fifrtrI{ qld qR-$ Ifr "ll{
(c) 0.1M NHaCI (d) 0.1 M CH3COONa
so. frrr{mFBqfrsifl [Ans: dl
ftrr6sFGl6$?
(a) 10-2M HCI &-rrc'k PH = 2
(a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(b) 0.01 M NarCO3 E-{[6i3t pH 7 (cttrF 6<Ff frr6{E-s{t fffi-{frffisFTK "rfiq cF
qr:F Eq{ q-t\s I
(c) 0.01M NaOH &:ICGk PH = 12
(d) 1o-e M HCI Fl[cilt pH = 9 Ar(g) + Br(g) + 2AB(g),AH = +xkf;
51. fr[E-{ 5qq ffi166 FltrII pH 7.4 {@ E?f[ct flFt tft,rm<frfficsDI(,EI qsF ftfrq Er<? IAns:cl
sr[({ q{pHfi{SI6<? [Ans: al (a) Et"t <1vtF Eq{tq <try
(a) C2H5OH (b) clH6o (b)EI'i$,ftFrEs'fiq.<rry
(c) CH3CoOH (d) c5H6
(c)ufcaliresFr6€
s2. frcFd (EFF HCI qfrcE{frrrrqq g+F (zs"c -q)?
(d) Kp q9r{
(a) 2.5 x Lo1 x 10-'z [Ans: al
(b) 3.0
(c) 7.4 x 7O-2 x 10-3
(d) 7.3 63. st"lrlET<IvkqBft,f[T< frftqF ffirq-
14.r; .1
53. rdn ffir sR frEFrt< {Flrs?rF e frfu-sld cR (D cEX{t 6-s afrs (ii) {:l]if?[r$< {FI <]-sr<
a-+o tsr-€ ervrRo q{l [Ans: bl (iiDffilFrqtsEftrf{rd{tr{
(a) avKs (b) sf'!:IlEf
firu-{6sr{F{frs?
(c) ut'i:Il4l (d)w$rB ii iii iii (d) i, ii. iii
(a) i, O) ii, (c) i,
54. f,fu qfiv Hx € NaoH q< frfr-sl, Hx(aq) +
NaoH(aq) --r NaX(aq) + H2o; qrs.rq Nax qd
qfrsE-{c"t{sKipHcr{6{Ffu [Ans: cl
(a) s.s (b) 7.0 (c) 8.s (d) 3.0
55. <rsr <liTrftrB <tT.l.6< pH {l{ 7.4 {r{ & <ptr-<
01. frwd ml* Rfum< cllrl+qrd s"r< urrq< erw
<is|ffi e +t(R-o qfrrsdqt{\rqs?tAns: dl
(a)l:10 (b)2:5 (c)l:2s (d)20:1
cTe [Ans: b]
+ 2NOr(g)
mlc{T Ezrc"F pH : 8.45 qrq & U-<t< H* qirc+<
(a) NzO+(g)
(b) Hr(g) + Ir(g) + zHI(s)
iHqfElss? [Ans: b]
2so3(s)
(c) zsoz(g) + o2(s)
(a) 5.0 x 10-4M (b) 3.55 x 10-e M =
(c) 1.82 x 10-3 M (d) 9.25 x 10-1 M
(d) cacog(s) + cao(s) + coz(g)
Nr(s) + or(s) zNo(g), aH = 180kI
57. ftx mrqBp q&rwq< qk"f c$BI - i sc{cE? =
[Ans: dl
e frffi{ ffii1qqK El"iITqt Ifr <'-fls nffil<q<
(a) Na2O2 (b) HrO, (c) KrO (d) Ko, qi-qFcsFfrrfq4'sREEfl [Ans: al
58. c.rcLTEftefrs6$FB? [Ans: al (a) vtr{ (b) <fc{ (c) R< allcF
(a) HqBO. (b) HNO3 (c) H3PO3 (d) HClo, (d) qffiqf 1R16ffi {m rErl{{ld 6$F{ c.'l6 6{t
5g_ sor-q< sFr$9 Ts? [Ans: a] (l{FtwFI?
03. fr[H{ 6s'F fifrFfi{ Kc q(( Kp [Ans: cl
(a)2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
(a) NzG) + 3H2G) + 2NH3
60. Rfrakqr{{ €ffi eM{IB-slft fi{]{o{6{t{Ans: dl
(, st'irrtEl (iD El'r (iiD frfu{r$n "t$E{ O) NzO+(g) + zNor(g)
(c) zHI(g) + Hr(s) + Ir(s)
corfr q<r< qqffi NH3 E\{tq'r{FKsA?
(d) AzG) + B(l) + Cz(g) + Dr(g)
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii

rM
 <Pll-Il-6I bE el3[ : qqfi{-o8

04. CIrr]lrSErEeR @I{fr${rq{ elgF g6{(E? tz. e+F0-< efrv s 1Eq<BiG-trqSqltrfirf'ro

(a) El,Ftf.ill (b) EIfl 6$t-{fu
(c)!;wlatt (d) EI'!:IlEt € Et'i (a)crrETqlfr-{ 6lfrenttwmw
IFIIITfi t siftqT {fu (c)FtrqM (qan?T{e
T{t{Fr: (a) ;
'
T{ttrFr: (b) ; blt61rq a;Eqv fi ffi r+:
togx, =-ffi+fl{$
os. frfuaro'< qaqnqt 1fr ome mmq< q{qFI 6{FI
ft-{ffie-q{? [Ans: a]
(a) ul-tr{ O) qr{ (c) Ed atli:s (d) c-r6 6Q
06. fuT<frfrF{m NH3 C$BEEH qmktis<al${t Er{
cl$l{{<q'{qf{ CsFtftFqFrrsRs$? [Ans: cl q<qEY$E?
13. Fe2O3 [Ans: cl
Nr(g) +3Hr(g) + zNH3fu)
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 4
(a) mlr{lfrr+qs (b)<E{
14. ,{TE qA-{ &-<1"k poH €< {Fl I <E &-{qBd H+
(c) ufr{ {Dr6 c{i (d)
qmr{{{qqrEl-
07. frrsd frGFfl{ Eqffi{ 'D' q< q:NlEt Ifr T-{64
(a) 10-B mol L-1 (b) 10-6 mol L-1
ffi-{qrrsFfrIssffisR\5E{? [Ans: c] (c) 10-a mol L-1 (d) 10-2 mol L-1
A(aq) + B(aq) + C(aq) + D(aq) {:tt{Ft:(b); POH = 8 .'. PH = 6
(a)vlr{ (b)Rdelr{ [H+] = antilog[-pH] = antilog(-6) = 10-6
(c) <tm (qq-i6cli 15. 0.1 M HCI WttrF pH Ov-?

08. qfrrc?q-{qfrr'{4mftffi{bol.<t [Ans:bl (a) 1.0 (b) 2.0 0.05 (d) 0.1
(c)

(a) Kr (b) K" (c) K.

T{$E (d) >rCt{FI:(a); PH = -log [10-1]
: 1.
16. M /100 !;NI6lit NaOH FtC{d pH Ts?
09. $Nl(Et qF?F mol L-1 qrqfi.[T{EqSR&TKwI rc
qF ,4T-S fi? Ar(g) + 38, (g) + 2AB3(g) [Ans: c]
(a) 1.0 (b) 2.0 (c) 12.0 (d) 10

vrqtqH:(c); roH : - rog (1) = 2

(a) mol L-1 (b) L mol-1
(c) L2mol-2 (d) mol2L-'z :.pH=74-Z=72
lo. frcffiUs{Sfrfu'smffiq<EEr{A? [Ans: b] 17. CaO qdqlvqs? [Ans: bl
A(s)+Br(g)+Dr(g) (a) 1.0 (b) 2.0 (c) a.0 (d) 6.0

(a)ulc'l.rrQvl{ot 18. q'$Fo efi-s s NaoH blidlr+ 6olqB El1s

(b)flryFrtvltrIqFrMrc{ M.fS, [Ans: al

(c)ffilFr{<mqFrlgREc{ (a)6rrqaall1fr{ (b)ftelle-{qcTq

(d)cllil{qrfrE6q{ (c)Fiqll (d)arRr{{

1r. fr(Td frffi< sr {l{Jm( Gq< sPmat Ifr-< 19. oH- ,{nw{{ftqfrsrsFff [Ans: b]
(a) H3O+ (b) HrO O'z- (c) (d) oz
eiEr{Erfl{rs<? [Ans: cl
20. Mro3 qgli\5Fdrltr$gsE? [Ans: cl
zAG) + B(s) + c(s) + 2D(s) AH = -xkl (a)z O)4 (c)6 (d)8
(a) esFI 6t 2t. )E{=TEsrl-dlfu [Ans: dl
(b)cFrT{cIqHSFrsRsE{ (a) 4.2 @) 2.4 (c) 0.42 (d) 0.24
G)clnlt{{<trqql-{sREq{ r$t{Fu<cf 6ftffi$[6rffi\e-Er<? [Ans: b]
(qqnrFl.qrfiE6s{ (a) HBrOr O) HCIO4 (c) H2SOa (d) HNO3

IEil )b\9
\\\ {fr{6TdqsnrREFrqrqt.. C
 <uIlT6I )EI'rO
23. PCIsG) + pcl3(s) + Clr(g); er wr clTIFr{I{ 34. firuit6sFI qfruu-<"lBtpHrF+er [Ans: al
Kp q< qrir q6{ (sr q-{qt$ - [Ans: cl (a) 0.s M (b) 0.0s M
- m (b) Nm-t (c) Nm-2
(a) N (d) N2m-4 (c) 0.005 M (d) 0.0005 M
24. EHfu, qqffir q|t61rq-{Ts qBEnq(1fi{6o 35. qa ml{ qififrfr{re eflVEs ss cfq qkq{
ft<qtcfl [Ans: bl qGIMSP
[Ans: b]
(a) eFFFF
(c)fr<ft
6;e+wfu (a)i o); (c) 1 (d) 3
(d)qEI+{
36. ft{EFrscsFB?
25. frEh "rfi(E q+ cfi HCI cqFt F-dffi & u-<cq<
(a)<r8{ co,
[Ans: c]
(b) coz(g)
mmmRFqt<r [Ans: cl
(a) pH (b)pH>7 (c) 31.1.C {< frrE-zt vtelrtlElls co2
= 7
(c)pH<7 (d) poH <7 (d) 72.8.C vt'Nlql{ CO,
26. 6sFt WtcEt qFn-{ qs <l Sk C{IFI G6q pH €n TFI 37. CfFI {[{< :rtEn pH = 11 E(E 6 $Ecs TT{
"iR<6Eqsm [Ans: dl Fqfr{lT qdI frcE{ c+ffi eLTI't F-dIg E6<?
(a) fiFIR (b)!;rFTct
E_{.t (a) rSP (b) r{
E-+t
(c) cs;FFeB',tfr{ (d) <FFl-:r FTGI (c)vrEl:IE! (d) (NH4)'co.
27. aL (aq) + bM (aq) - aKot(aq) + Hro (D frfr-$F - >HtqF:(a); {rfq cltrd pH {I{ qM elk, E-QFI I{,
(a)frmtw+ O)T$f+t [Ans: dl sreffiE (caco3.Mgcor) <t calMg {ft frfr{
(c)frfrrsM-{ (d) +FFr yfl< <KqR
T(r cltr{ qfrfr{ er{& effis s-fl s{
28. frffi 6sFrfr&ll<qcil<qkEriluftqi( eM< c{t?
r

+ PCl3(s) + Ctr(s)
(a) PCl5(g)
EFil{ ttF{ pH ltotfrfrs
Ifr c,rrq fr&q qH
[Ans: cl
(b) Nzo+(g) + 2NOr(g) E\1ffi $ird R:r+ qRffi {lil
(c) HzG) + Ir(g) + 2Hr(s) (KNOr, NaNOr, NH4NO3) q<( aqrs! qk t{'ll{
(d) Nz(g) + 3H3(s) + 2NH3 +-{rsb (sSP) e E"re WEr qqc+D Osp) qcfiut
29. mfficFtft'{<tTk? [Ans: bl +r<clFd pH fi'sq"ts-{lETr
(a) NaOH + NaCl &rt t (b) NH4OH + NH4CI E?tcf 38. ,{TE U-{"t Hr qfi-trK {{qlqT 10-a mol L-1 qFT
(c) CHTCOOH + CH3COONa Wt6t
E-gs-{c"rd poH sE?
(d) CH3COONa + NH4OH FI.t
30. 6rFT4{qEdq'ftsE{[.ln pH,
@)a (b)6 (c) l0 (d) 14
7? [Ans: cl >NtqFI:(c); pH: -log[H+] = -log[10-a] = 4
(a) NaCl O) CUSOa (c) Na2CO3 (d) NH4CI pOH=14-4=10
31. {CEFI pH 7.4 qrT -OH ,4d\;Fff4t+E mol L-1?
(a) 1.5 x 10-7
39. frru<c+tqRfu*t< Kp q( qiFF atm2? [Ans: cl
(b) 2.11 x 10-7 [Ans: cl
(c) 2.5 x 70-7 (d) 3.1 x 10-7 (a) Hz(g) + IrG) + 2Hr(g)
32. frcu-d 6sFfi q-4k+0-s cfi-s?
(b) 2NOzG)+ N2O4(s)
(a) HCI (b) IIBr (c) HF (d) Hr
(c) 2NH3(g) + Nr(s) + 3H2(s)

tfl{l{:(d); ElfutFgq{r€ (d) cHa(g) + Hro(g) + co(g) + 3Hr(g)

O-<st fr-r'< er<
qtFlErclir EFlstccr Eq<r qlak qV Er{ qfrp-{ 40. 6st{ frfu{ {fr esB sdrtsqtER qs ftffi

ft<staFtssr frrt+mz [Ans: b]

33. N2G)+3Hr(g) : 2NH3 qT c[$ts K1 {rdI (a) H2O + HCI + H3O+ + Cl-
(b) H2o + NH3 + NHI + 0H
INr1g; +|H,1g; --.- NH3(s) frfril< {Tlrq
(c) H2O + SO3 ir H2SO4
K2 s9? [Ans: cl (d) H2o + co2 + H2co3
lalK, =1 (b) K, = 11,
41. (oFfr<tcl{fr'rmEn [Ans: cl
(c) K, = ,/xt (dr K, = 1x, (a)w]Y O)uFrrw-l (c)qEEt (o i-q-{,6

rE ' 2.
 iulsl)trr13[
42. E[(pHfi.:r{Cckq;li@'FF<r+qoCfl [Ans: dl s1. HSo; ,{TEBs{ft1qld16-1"1- [Ans: al
(a) ffi{d T{ (b)s{HCl (i) qF NH3 6s cgliT qF siIF "llc{
(c) NaOH (d) NaHCO3 (ii) NHx ql{{ cq(s cEE{ €f+t frN 'ttct
+s. IlE{pt{1frFcrFB<I{qsE{? [Ans: cl (iii) Hro C{6F (qh €f+t strF qEr
(a) KNO3 O) NH4NO3 frrur6sFFq6s?
(c) CaO (d) (NH4)3HPO4 ii iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(a) i, O) i,
44. rslr{I FG6iir pH = 1.5 S6q a E{rR H+ qfilfid qr
52. A+ B + C CI:l-t S<tO K q<( C+A+B qll
T{q6tsg fiFTEI? [Ans: al qFIi SiFF K1 qrE- [Ans: al
(a) 3.15 x 10-2 (b) 3.16 x 10-3
(DK, =1 (ii) K1 =
(c) 4 x 10-2 (d) 4 x 10-4 #
45. firx cen qinq<qtffi T:Nit>FIrEm r<Fl?[Ans: al (iii) Kt = 11
(a) CHa 0) C2H6 (c) C3Hs (d) C4H1o ft6r6tqFcts?
frc5< 6$'F <lTF FTGf T]q<(q',r< {rG{ pH fiItdsf (a) i (b) ii (c.) i. ii (d) ii. iii
FGIqI? ftr-d Eft"trT< qrqrc,B-<SI!F srfdB-s{ Et\s:
(a)qrfrdtilFk (b)cEltr{<Fflir H2SO4 WtC.t NH4OH E?t t Ftrt <<n <e qR-{6

(c)F.{cr?<m:r (d)TI.fu{b<FFld {6-

:ttI{Ft:(a); <rc G{ $I6{il <FFE[ qr+ I fit- H2SO4 + ZNH4OH = (NHa)2SOa + 2H2O + sl't
ceflG{ <tsEr, sw$ <FF1-<, <ltsdrqB <l$r{ I
qfrfrrl{-
47. fi'cu<mtqB{<ru1-{1fu.fl+qfis? [Ans: b] s3. c(s)+or(s)=coz(g) q frffi qFF st'l
(a) BTCH2COOH O) HrFSbF6 Sq{ftfrfr$rcffi [Ans: a]
(c) ICH2COOH (d) CICHTCOOH (DqwGrAH'4qqs
q-{qtr{ ft <r{, glErq etRe 1G q["f$f
mtcnt mtft< <cs< pH 6.90; ,4q GD frtF$r fifr{r${ <{-{
(a)wffi6mft-{ O)wfrrslfr{ [Ars:bl $qo11cqi qgs qq-dirtH fics .lk nl{ 6ft
(c)qffic (qq]Frsffrfirr liig wwft"t.tfu< {l{ 'lffi{ !lt-{r
49. cFX-{{Tfr&$ elr{ {f{<rE Tfi qs I Tkct- [Ans:cl firt-{6snFc6s?
(i) q q{ql{cE{ e ffiRq+ qfu${csd qG{Eld (a) i, ii O) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
CIFIq{ 54. XOH e< ffiS e-{"t qC<- (X = {TFrtrq;r) [Ans: bl
(ii)ltT+frfufirulGs6qr{{F (a)pH=0 (b)pH<7
(ilD qT{ frfu'sl{ m ffifirt Eq'tII? E\"t{ <{ (c)pH=7 (d)pH>7
q5B{ft EfrFnt{ € qrt qRrFi Sq{rh qffid 55. efirs<frrfis{ Flffi lF aft <mu-<r.t - lans:d1
Rft'smm{sRse{ (i) H+,4<E{:n4 6<FtqS
frru{ 6<5l-{Ecfrs? liiy efrcu< w<qB qfr's
.|ffi E&\ fretqi mct
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii slqrcr
firuqEftqm< qtraflr+ "r+<fr EIF qr,a-* Es+ we: (iii) u-{c.'lir poH 6<ftqT
H2SO4+NH3+NHI+HSO; frro-{6sEFc6$?
NH3+HSO;+NHI+SO?- (a) i (b) i, ii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
50. frrr'{rEfrcOF? [Ans: al u-{.tsk{ftCrE- [Ans: bl
(a) HSol (TEqfrv (i) poH < 7 (ii) [oH-] > 10-7 M
(b) Hso;,{TFq]ir (iiO [Hf] < 10-7 M
(c) HSo; csli--{ E-rFt 6iGE "flr{ {I ftuac+r+f cEfl
(O {tsftGR'r qfi"s q< qt{ft
,4frs crEt HSo; (a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii

IEN )bb
\\\ affitmestrrBsr{quqt.. e
 <xITdI lEIrEt
Eft,tmrqtrqtm'R-<€1FF qcrdB-s? Er'€,
fr'cu-* 63. ct$l<ql{ frfrm WE ftE ffiqFt x2 rfll{ qr{.f
zs"c V+sffi e<( 10 atrn El'cet 40% pcls frrsl&s Tlll6E [Ans: bl
ECT PCl3 qT( Cl' u\{frqst (i) cElT{q< q<qF v'R-{ ql{18fi8 qs
57. Ke qR {Ftos? [Ans: dl
(ii) Tm(r$T r]{ Ifr 'flT
(a) 1.67 atm (b) 1.70 atrn (iiDBs"fl1qil qfr41"f d{ 'i1'{
(c) 1.78 ahn (d) 1.90 atm Fru.<mFBcfsr
<fr e frfrTrqr{clz GFtoflqrEr{- [Ans: dl
i
(a) (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, iii

(i)frfrF${q{ftTq,rl{dqr{ 6a. ffi+66frffi1qtlKc € Ke q<ffiFrcerffi

dm-qn [Ans: bl
(ii)frfr'{ierEl\ft'rsrm
(a) Ko = 1" (b) Ko : 11.1P1;-z
(iii)q$Fl{l{qfri-6{llb (c) K" = t1o1P11-z (d) K" = 601P1;z
frcurffi-{Fc6a?

59.

01. $fts qt6{ dru sr+R v;r ltBd pnft+

(a) 3 qTE ITft-E 10 q{fro [Ans: al
(b) 3 qrE"llTft-g 11 q<frrF
(c)+c<Bl(<ft-g7q(fro
(d)4qdB'rrdft-g8,s{fro
(iiD sf,FrlEll € {FRlrF
'R-'i{ (,glfltG-s 6sFr sl,Frtat{<r]sdRfl-rr wv 1fr {& 1.t ns: bl
firurcolFc6{r (a) < 10 (b) 10 - 60
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii
iii (d) i, ii, (c) 50 < (d) 18s.c
60. zsor(g) + o2G) + zso3(s)AH = -192 kI q 03. {FRr[q{ <16 F'F <lrffi pHffi +r<r
(a) CH3COOH/CH3COONa [Ans: cl
frfurt'{mfi{qf vl{fuT EFrtsrtrdq;r [Ans: b]
(b) NH4OH/NH4Cl
(i) st'lclq1 <Igltsqr< (ii) qrfia'l TrnFqr{
(c) H2COrlNaHCO3
(iiD Ee,fi qeFi6ct S-iI6g q6q (d) cH3cooH/HCot
fi[E-d 6sEBc6<s? 04. firr-{@FF*{qfis? [Ans: d]
(a) i, ii O) ii, iiiiii (c) i, (d) i, ii, iii (a) CN- (b) C2H5OH
(c) CCla (d) SnCla
61. HNO3 q(( H3PO4 q< ffiGI - [Ans: dl 0s. "ttfr<qmfi-+qcR'{$ ta- [Ans: dl
(i) N € P qn ql_:rt {Fr {irFI (a) H+ qffi 6$4qg5q (b) oH- EIS{ CqHs-{6E
(ii) Nqc{stP q?ut6mg+r (c) vtfl:rlqt T:T16{ (O) sleFlfql lfr F-{rE
(iii) H3Po4 qc{q{ HNO3 &<Ed qfrs 06. frru<coqd{Eqtd-fit:fiEq{ql?
[Ans: bl
ftE{6sEDq6fl (a) KCN (b) KNO3 (c) Na2CO3 (d) FeC\
(a) i, ii iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(b) ii, 07. NH4HCO3 qTffi{uT[qTersBq{- [Ans: d]
HrSO4 q?q{.tftsErsqr{t- [Ans: al
(a){cfiu-<ft (b){Esk{ft
(i) HSo; (ii) so?- (iii) H3o+ (c)0-qefrs{ft (O.{fi&'$sm,xt+{B{s
frru-{6FHE{E+? frcu< rsfiEn 6diq vHfu worr c<Fi? lans: c1
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(a) Hro O) HzS (c) NH3 (d) PH3
09. fux mnBa rqo sFNsirf@ir {q {r{Eit? tAns: dl
firu.rEftr+-q qrflre'r*<GdF qr:k gs-d Et\e, (a) NHaCI (b) (NH4)2CO3
x3(d + 3Y2G) + 2xY3G), AH = -ve (c) (NHr)2SOa (d) NH4OH

I KI
tul
 <TJIIEIEI !N ftl : UFIIIT.OS

10. frcnrcsFrdlfr{nfiqtsr{rE(TGFt? [Ans: dl 19. frru-{EfusrEIEsi<r{: [Ans: d]

(a) CH3CH20CH2CH3 (b) C4H1o i. Trft{ <ffin e-{r"t q&fr-@ T{Gt 6{Ft T-zrFr pH
(c) CH3CHO (d) c2HsoH :Ilr{-{EIT\1B
I 1. frsst19d(€lrslrqfr[E< 6ft8<l<qew
6slq ii. u<.tm q{ TinE E(r efrw<.tfu<
qNIr$Q
fi wb
qr qrgtqfrs
(a) qfifrT{qn O)freflhqr{q [Ans:cl iii. H3P04,H4P207 € HPO3 P20s

(c)qFFqqr (oqr<q- rt frru-{6$t-{Fc6s?

(a) i rs ii (b) i € iii (c) ii s iii (d) i, ii € iii
12. ElT&s <Ffl< s(qfr{{{Pir{ T&rfiv qs- sF"f
20. fro-{ c'F{E<FFfdE-{.IEYf{F{r<? [Ans: bl
<Fflr{ql[E- [Ans: bl
i. q&ks cH3 - cooNa * HNo3
(a) C - C nlfi;t (b) C = C <rfi;I ii. CH3 - COONa + HCI Ffct
(c) C = C <iFt c=o<mr (d) iii. cH4cl + NH3 E?t.l
13. firil< mFrFFrEffisdft'{w? [Ans: c] frru-dcqr*f c6$?
(a) H2SOa (b) H2co3 (a) i e ii (b) i € iii (c) ii s iii (d) i, ii s iii
(c) CH3COOH (d) cH?coH 21. foT-{Bfu'erqfdsFrsr : lAns: dl
14. {frdpH q< cFGrcsEGcFs? [Ans: cl i. cH3 cooNH4 q< ffis E<ol <lsld Rmrs r1q F(<
(a) wq<E"i<fi-v'<fte O)dcqrBffi fi-v'dtrqm ii. HF q< u1rerc HNO3 Trd RC{r{ ql6-d.t F.r{
iii. qs qfrs s &{ $tcfir q.w{ qq s?rs
1c; S"r<frffho (d) skq<E"l<ftffiE{{
slrq<
ftor6rEE{6+?
ls. H2 + 12 + zHIfrEF{tF- lAns: dl
(a) i e ii O) i \3 iii (c) ii s
iii (d) i, ii s iii
i.EI"RftfrfuTI firET Bft"ffi qv,s<\'lq-{q EF Erair B-st nle:
ii. Et'l EE Fs5q HI q1 ifrfiGi Tc:t :ItFt cH3 - cooH(aq) + cH3 - coo-(aq) + H+(aq)
'IlflI<rql{
iii. qI$FrEFEk'iir 5lFtr{I erel< 6t CH3COONa(s) "+ CHs - COO-(aq) + Na+(aq)
Bft{r+< qGRF - cooNa crFt sirrr
cH3
firurmffictrt w<"1

(a) i e ii (b) ii s iii (c) i e iii (d) i, ii € iii

E<ICci_<t pH {Ifld- [Ans: al

tO. frrDnEfusrEtEs.iF-{: [Ans: dl

(r)Ifrllb O)A{qlt
(c)qqR{fuettrs (d) 7E{
i. 2B(g) + A(g); q tfl$frfrFflT (sral Kc = Kp x (RT) 23. Eft"ir-+< u{cc[ qFrFi' qRfi"i efis 6{Ft o{rq
ii. Nr(g) + 3H2(g) + zNHr(g); ul"cnr< qfurq< mffifrfr-*fsq$€E"t4-{Fr [Ans: c]
sEl[ol clr{rd q-<qriir flR<\r{ \IR (a) CH3 - COOH (b) CH3 - COONa

iii. vlc"fls"flft frfrrm ormmm $ frfu${ (c) CH3 - COO- (d) Na+
Rru-dEft,r+E "lv q<r q<-{fr&-{F efH-dRs*EI€:
qkr+1ft+mr
H+ + HCot *
H2co3; H2Co, -+ H2o + co2
firrrmnBc8st 2a. ffia5a6s<qEa<fr- [Ans: dl
(a) i s ii (b) i s iii (c) ii s iii (d) i, ii € iii (a)qftr<fqfd
frru-r Eft"mD ru q<('ffi EE sct-d Esq Et€: (b)FIfuilSF
Ar(g) + 3Br(g) + 2A83fu); AH = -ve (c)<ltsl{riB<FFl{
17. ffirftfrflFcs Kp q< q<5:F mF{F? [Ans: bl <rt TI'ffi - Fi<fi-s qfrs <IsF
(d)

(a) atm-1 (b) atm-2 (c) atm (d) atmz 25. Eft"it-+< <lTld Fnt q&R-6 efi's RFf ioirm
18. cfrfurkoanrEs4ql1fr ffi(fi- [Ans: cl SqqSR- [Ans: dl

i. Et'Frli{l1fr silEs ii. Et tEE<'{tE{

(a) HrO HCO: (c) COz (d) H2CO3
(b)

iii. etla efrE a3, s-dt q{

26. Sft"tr+< <l+r< u-<r"t qfrfr'g, Gllrl
'FirFI
rk
ineFtFct
Eq"Fqn- [Ans: dl
ftDrc+nOqfr$? (a) Hro (b) co3-
(a) i e ii (b) i s iii (c) ii s iii (d) i, ii € iii (c) HCO, (d) HrO€ CO;-

IEffi Loo \\\ rffi-a*ssnrfrur+trrt... e

 ipilsl bEIrEl

a MCe: {sl{I{{{lE{€ {:rt{Ft:

01. qFIIlrs<E Rt coFfur${ q\,-l{tBr{ [Ans: bl 09. Eft11a$frFpfrffi<mm- [Ans:cl

(a) EI'l (b) vteFrIEt (r) vtq{rqt
!fr F-{rE {NiI6 Ifr "tlr
(c)!;l{lET (d) Et"l s EmIrEt (iD Et'EtAtIfrF E" q<{Fth efl'{r
efis fuq{ s<rs{ ?<FEi fro< coEfil tlns: al (iii) frfunrs( "ifu Ss{r[{1fu qr"fstF{ E{
(a)eFeHrl(kE Ffrfff{ frcE{6stqFc6s?
(b)q6firrrEfifi-Wh{ (a) i,ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(c) eF frfu-r-+ .{<( gsqm-{ qfrqlc.l< E"R frrr< Ef irq< qnenc
'rr-<ff EF
qr:rq Es-< Els :
frffiie NrO, + 2NO2(g); AH = +57 kl mol-1
(O qfrEgf{6s(8fl<fi-#Fq 10. etfrffi<ct{Ir{qt{- lAns:cl
03. Ar(g) + 382(g) + 2AB:(g);AH = -gzkl (D EH th F{rq fretc"k E{Fdaem< mF om
fitp'slkm [Ans: dl {(rlrf gl{ 'll{
(i) EIfiEI 1frcE 4nr' <E{ {l{ (ii) Rd Etfl:flEll-ir Et'l qffi <-<rq qFrit6 gFr "ll{
(iD Kc ,{T ,4iES qf< L2mole-2
(iii) st'Frr6l qFr Tirr{ qFrr<qr <rq ft rT cI< rIs
(iii) Kp \3 K" €i >t9-5: K" = Kp(RT)2
firu.*conFctrst
firu-rmHFqEst (a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii 11. cFrRqRqk{6r{dfrslTsSq [Ans: dl
04. cBo cqtut< csfrr{let( Ezrrk pH sE? (i) Et'Frlqt (ii) Et't (iii) $Frli{t
(a) 2 (b) I (c) 13 (d) 14
frrt-{6sEBc6's?
xcFFt: (c) ; pH = 14 + log[0.1] = 13
(a) i (b) ii (c) iii (d) i, ii, iii
05. fox r+n qfrsB< Ka qir{F*Iruc{6Fl? [Ans: d]
frru<ffiFF{EsRfrtrt?
12. [Ans: bl
(a) H2SOa @) HBrOa (c) HNO3 (d) HCIO4
(a) Hz(d + Iz (g) -----------, zHI (g)
06. <EHfi-{cFf{{ld6slrF [Ans: al
(b) Hz(g) + Iz(g) zHI(g)
(D frfuTs € Eqotlqc{tR x-qqaR qT{gfif8 et|m =
(c) HzG) + Ir(s) + zHI(b)
(iD c{?r €'r5F, frfu'$ir (<5t TirFr qT
(d) HzG) + Ir(g) + zHI(s)
(iii) EFFnEfi q<E cllrs q{s$6s<s1q-st{qBeffir-
"ifuH(qEetqkat{Frfirc 13. [Ans: a]
firurc+FFc6$t (D IE qfrs <l IE TliI6{5{ qqi
(a) i, ii O) i, iii
(c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(iD IEEG\ ReFi "iqtcft E-<[fd ffi@
07. fuq{trd pKa q< {Ft iFE? [Ans: a]
(iiDqftie{u([Gi3rcs@
(a) 4.74 (b) 5.80 (c) 7.61 (d) 6.43
frrrd Eft"ttqd qtrqlm'r<-<fi EF qHa B's-d Ets' frru-d6{qFc8s?
AzBa(g) + 2AB2(g); AH = *ve
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii iii
(c) i, iii (d) i, ii,

Rffi zs"c El't{Iqfir s 1 atm Ek'i qsF {Irq 14. so2 + 10, + So3 ; 600.c EI,FTEII{Rffi< x.
c$FE En I qE]l-'rqt{ ArB4 q< ft'Lqqrl< {R{Ft q< :rFr 61.7 mol+ Li q5q Kr -,4q fi{ FE? llns: u1
18.50/o I 1 1
(a) 724 Pa-i (b) 0.724 Pa-i
08. frfufiE{ Ke q<{Fr (atm) sE? 1
(c) 7 .24 Pa-i (d) 72.4 Pa-i
(a) 0.132 (b) 0.142 (c) 0.152 (d) 0.162
rFfi{f{: (b): Xo
.-2.p *,!o.r8511
*trt {:rt{Ft: (b); Kp = K.(RT)-'
1

=;} == ,_,0.r".,.
= 0.142 atm = 67.7 x (8.314 x 873)-; = 0.724

to) \\\ rft(l{daulrrfroatrtu tt.. (I

 iPllEl6I Dn q![ : U[{ll|{-o8
15. H2 + + 2HI; q frfugiq-{'Kp € Kc qiTr$ {q-6
12 24. 2N2O4 + 4NO2 + 02 Rffi Ke qit qfit
(a) K, = 11" (b) K. = 2Kp @Ffu [Ans: cl
(c) Ko = 211" (Q K. = (a) atm-1 (b) atm2 (c) atm3 (d) atm-3
lKo
{:rt{FI: (a); Kp = ft ([f)An ; [n = 6 25. pH :FN C{Frqfrp<rqqsqg- [Ans: dl
16. ,qrB E-{c"R toH-l qllrffd {{qfEl 8.2 x (Dtr{ (iD<'r6fr{F{kr
1 0-amoll-1 qrq Es' E-{r.td pH {f{ ss? (iii)$Ffr{fr{Nq|{
(a) 10.e1 (b) 9.e1 (c) 10.13 (d) 9.13 frcu-d6{r{Gc6s?
qlt{lq: (a); pH = 14 + log[OH-] (a) i, ii O) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i,ii, iii
= t4 + logl8.2 x 10-41 = 10.91 26. qsF HCI ErICqn pH qd {FI 3.0 E-{qFrf 10 s.t
17. qft*<m<wr* pg fi"fm-<cffi
E6qt t.{ns: rl qT Tdl <-{ pH {< {l{ $E {Fl?
(a) pH = pK" +rosffi @) pH = pK" +rosffi (a) 0.3 (b) 2.0 (c) 4.0 (d) 13.0
{{tqFr: (c); [H+]r = 10-3; [H+], = !H+J:
(c) pH = pK, -bcffi (d) pH = pK" -locffi
." -log[H+]2 = ptt, = 4
= 16-+
18. (ltFEt W{.t{mf- [Ans: cl
27. fl-{rq-d 'Il-{qfr-d <fi-tt pH ss?
(i) cH3cooH s cH3cooNa €n firFl [Ans: bl
(a) o (b) 1.s 3.s -
(iDHCIs NaClq(fr{.t
(c) 2 2.5- (d)4-s
(iiD NH4OH € NH40 q< frqEt
4.25 mol H, e
4.75 mol 12 FBt trE Ees {T
firu.*mnBc6'ri 5.7 mol HI Evr* qrq, Kc qir T|{ ss <r{?
(a) i O)iii (c) i, iii (d) ii, iii (a) 3s.63 (b) 33.64
19. qrIr&ge-f ft6iTLT- [Ans: dl (c) 37.61 (d) 40.61
(D frrllq{ s-{Ft<E"rd {{mn: (a); HzG) + t2(d + zHt(Fj)
(iD q{{ft sl-<r"${ qG|(9( E i< qqfr{ qrur: 4.25 4.75 0
(iiD mfr{drs<qkq$rffiE R cls'Rt{: 4.25 - q. 4.75 - u 2d
firuqc+tqBc8$r 2a= 6.7 ; q:3.35
(a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii K. _ [Hl]2 _
w =GliE=[= (zx3.3s)z
20. 0.1 M Qt@ml]lfrsqfowfrl?lw{tEf 2.5o/oa6 r-r- = ss'os
FrrEI pH FE?
29. 0.005M ft*raft*r+q ufrm* pH w?
(a) r.3 (b)7.2 (c)2.6 (d) ll.4
(a) l.s (b) 1.5 (c) 2.0 (d) 2.s
wFFr: (c); pH = -log[H*] = -log(2 x 0.005) = 2
XqHFr: (c); [H*] = cC; a = = 2.5 x l0-2
2.5o/o
30. frru-* c+r* ulffd cFrE pH u< rn x{fu+?
pH= - Iog[H+] = - log(2.5 \ LO-2 x 0.t) = 2.6
21. flfrrcEEr oH- E<rqiT poH rFE? (a) 0.01M HCI(b) 0.01M HNO3
[Ans: c]
(a) 0.03 (b) 0.20 0.30 (d) 0.50
(c)
(c) 0.01M HrSOn
(d) 0.01M H2CO3
qrRF: (d); H2CO3 T6ft{ E{q qfiu r \iR qd pH mr
CaCOr(s) = CaO(s) + CO2(g); frffi< K. q<
x{tk+r
dtFtTtql<qt- [Ans: c] 31. cqc;n qqrta oH- qE[-{d q.Elal 3.5 x 10-4M {aq ,ffi
(") K" =
(c) K": [CO2]
#* tu) K. =
(d) K"
= [CaO]
ffHf pH +v?
(a) 3.55 (b) 13.55
23. CSl-r{I <FFI{ E?ECf {:I !:T:IEK HF S NAF qlrq I HF (c) 12.s5 (d) 10.54
qT Ka = 6.8 x 10-4 Erq <fqR E-{.lFd pH sg qr{? ffir{: (d); pH = 14 - pOH = 14 + log(3.5 x
(a) 3.767 (b) 5.767 7.833
(c) (d) 10.833 10-a) = 1s.54
{:ltttFt: (a); pH = pK" + foSffi 32. 10-eM NaoH s{ pH ,e{ rl{ fur{ 6fi8-{ 6r+Bsr qlr?
(a) 10 (b) 7 (c) 5
(d) -10
+ pH: pK" + l"C.(|) = pK" * logl = pK" * 0 wI{rt: (b); pH = 14 - pOH = 14 + log(1O-e +
: pK" = - lo9[6.8 xlD-al = 3.157
rE
7O-7) = 7.994321
 <MTSI bE'II[
33. 20 mL 1.5 M NaOH Etrt s 1.5 mL 2.0M NaOH 40. fur-{ (sRtr HCt qfiIs-dfrc{Iw{.fl{f (2s'c-q)?
E+T fiEE Gr{ FEIT"I{ liNTGI sE? (a) 2.5 x 107 (b) 3.0 x 10-2 [Ans: al
(a) 1.53 M (b) 1.65 M (c) 1.71 M (d) 1.78 M (c) 1.4 x 10-2 (d) 7.3 x 10-3
JFIF{[{: (a}: S v1sl+v2s2 (20x1s)+(1'sx2) 41. fuT( cr{ffi{rflEdpHIFr;FI[x* mFi? [ans: bl
- vl+v' - 20+1.5
M
(a) 0.1M NH3 (b) 0.1M NaOH
= 1.534M (c) 0.1M NHaCI (d) 0.1M CH3COONa
34. qaE E-{H qt@rrq{ qlrEffi ({Fll{ $FEI 1 x 10-e
42. c<rlr{l E-<r*r pH = 8.45 crE a E<rq H+ qFE-dit
qm, qEeikq qtqffi{ ({FIK !;FII-6I Fo Er<?
!;NETSE?
(a) 1x 10-3 (b) 1 x 10-4 (a) 5.0 x 10-a M (b) 3.55 x 1o-e M
(c) 1 x 1o-s (d) 1x 10-6 (c) 1.82 x 10-3 M (d) 9.25 x 1o-1 M
;FIEFT: (c); K*
= [H+] x [OH-] =, 10-14 TNF|FI: (b); [H+] 10-pH
= = 10-8.4sM
= 10-e x [oH-] .1 [oH-] = 10-5 = 3.55 x 10-eM
firEd Effq(€ q61p,rfi€Fifi qr4{ M Et€: ffi{
6i5r1tr{ w<q {E@IfiTT qT{r{{ sdrET
AB3G) +AB(g)+Br(g); AH = + x,kl rfdft-s? [Ans: b]
ftfu'flF 2 fiEm e<5F qIrE crxEg e{t qr r (a) HCI(pH = 1) (b) HA(pH = 0.1)
fl{rt{ql{ AB3 q< frr{Mr"K 1fu 40%. (c) HrSOa(pH = 4) (d) HNo:(pH = 1.5)

35. frffics Kc q< {Ft iFs? 44. Ar(e) + 3Br(s) + 2AB3(s); AH = -ve
(a) 0.08 (b) 0.008 (c) 0.133 (d) 3.133
q frfu{ AB3 q( Eqq-{
Ifr flIr<; :tft- [A.ns: cl
(c); AB3G) AB(g) + Br(g) (i) ErqrrEr lfr a<r q{ (iD 1fr' Tiil cr
'FIHFT: = 'Ft
(ii, 'flE cqlrf AB3 6+ q'pll?H c[ E{
eRF-sw{{r' r o o
fl ftrE6{HFqE{?
iI{X'<{T: 1-c d
(a) i (b) ii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
v v'v = 0.133 moll-t 45. 6sFffrfu{qEsr{drv€lE{s& [Ans:b]
^c-T-rrliii-GI6l+),2-
(i) Nr(g) + 3H2 + 2NH3(g)
36. Uff'iloEBFlgRtu'sm as,ffi E\1rF{$itg ']Q.
(ii) Nro*(g) + zNor(g)
{rirFl- [Ans: bl (iii) zsozk) + or(s) + 2so3(s)
(D EI'Frli{l <lqIEqr{ (iD Er4<M[EEr{ ftFrrhFc8fl
(iiD AB 6<r Ffurr {r4 celrs cfrrr fr19 Er{ (a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
ftEdcqnfq8fl 46. JII:nr$ (Kp)-q< Elir s;totnTqF qER c{rtFq- [,{ns: a]
(a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii iii
(d) i, ii, v
37. {w{< <r@r pH 7.45 qr c<ft cr{, 6Fitr< 4l:q ff? o0
I
[Ans: cl
(') t ODfl
(a)iiTfisrllF-{ (t)\flrlffi __> _
T
I
--lT
(c) qIFr<{Fft-{ (d) qi1Fr-{Trfifiq o.l
\ZI
"frqft'd "l1E-<t rrrK pH = 4.74 <cq H+ qr{ttrK
38.
!;NIEISE?
,, lrl.>--
{iiil Q
ooN

(a) 1.4M (b) 0.398M +l

T
(c) 0.0398M (d) 0.000018M frrE6{qEc6s?
{qFrFr: (d); [H+] = 10-474 = 0.000018M (a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
39. Frclu-< mr* drtro c+n+ pH 7.4 {s E-{rl ctlFr iqrr'r 47 . FeCl3 ,4< ffi{ E{rc;r PH rFs <6{?
€!t pH Tl{ S:IC{? [Ans: cl (a)>7 (b) <7 (c) =7 (d) 0
H,O
(a) CzHqOH (b) c3H6o rr.lNFr: O); Fecl3
- :: Fe(oH)e + HCI
*Fr
(c) CH3COOH (d) c5H5 E(E-

IEil \\\ 4ffiffiEv,rrF@,nffi... (I

 \\\ OIII;I UEI qg : OFTIIT-O8

ftE-{ Eftqr€ qmm "r<sff EE Ertr{ E-q EI€ : 56. H3PO2 q<Tl-<sv$s? [Ans: a]
25'C Elel{ldll{ 1.5 atm E].ei cl.rRqllt 75.60/oPcls (a) 1 O)2 (c)3 (d) 4
ffiqcrt 57. Al2O3 q< qlYss? [Ans: d]
48. Rfr{m Ke qir {l{
q q\e-? (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) s (d) 6
(a) 2.74 x 70-2 (b;) 2.84 x 70-2 fiffi Sfrqr€ qtrqlra "rfi6 EF qrd* E-cq qB:
(c) 3.74 x 10-2 (d) 5.74 x 10-3 HA+H2O+A-+H.O+
TFIFIFI: (ct: K- = "? - (o tse)2rr's atm SS. RffiZoq*<ft E:l$FFFI'FI6sFI& [Ans: bl
P 1-t. (r-o.rs67-
(a) HA, Hro (b) HA, A-
= 3.74x 10-2atm (c) A- , H3O+ (d) Hro, A-
49. Eff"ilffiFfuIsfi pct, fiFt ft q{, E6{- [Ans: bl
59. 1L qEE{RBB "arq c\sFs frform qrr-< RTqq
(i)frfuIT.lftrsqEFKc6q
q6{, Kc q< IT{ SE?
EllAI 700lo
(iD Rfufi'rFrsftawFrdcr{
qfr'<g{lBr{ (a) 1.00 (b) 1.30 (c) 1.53 (d) 1.63
(iiD cI{r<ER
ccttlFt: (d); HA + Hzo A- + H3o+
ftE-d6+riF{6{? =
(a) i (b) i,(c)iii iii (d) i, ii, iii
qqfr'+q-<qr*: r o o

50. cofq {1TJRfrTF ffiGq Kp =K"? [Ans: c] ITIIR{F: 1-a 0 d

(a) sos(s) + soz(e) *)orb) ,. $.: o.72 / \ 1.63 mOlL-1
[A-]ytHjo+l -i=;-
N. = ------i:,-:-,
tnAl = v =- =
(b) NHg(e) * i*,(e) * in,(e) 60. H2S04, H3PO4, H3PO3, H3PO2, H2CO3,
(.)
1u,(e) * io,(e) + No(g) H3BO3, H2CrOa, H2SO3 € H2S2O7 ,Sfrserq[<
(d) Nocr(e) + No(s) +
icl(s)
{c$frsBrftT,{frcE<c$l,T- [Ans: b]
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
51. 25"C EIeFIIEIIT 1.0 atm 5E l N204 18.50/0 frm'&-s
qrrE-9fu-qmrq*wi Kc q<$q$s? [Ans: d] 61. $E ctrE as{t'{ e Pt. etc't s( fu TE B"qF
(a) 0.L42 (b) 2.39 x 10-4 S'CFI? [Ans: b]
(c) 5.73 x 10-5 (d) 5.76 x 10-3 (a) 1863 (b) 1864 (c) 1860 (d) 1963
ftE{ Efi"tl€ qmr<F ql${ E-q Et€: 62. 25.C EteFIl-qEt H3pO4 q( frc{Iq;t s?FF (K,) s<
"r<s€f EF
xr(g) + 3Yr(g) + 2xY3 (g), AH = -ve {F- [Ans: c]
52. mIr<STRfr$G?s X, flil,I fiFt F-<I {r{- [Ans: al x 70-2
(a) 7.4 (b) 6.8 x 10-4
(D ct.Ij( q<q-{ qTr frro c[r rm
(c)7.2x10-3 (d) 3 x 1.0-2
63. frcF< 6sF{E qft* <mr< s<qr [Ans: bl
(i0 {:mr6.{ {Fr1fr etl.I
(iiD E\ffch-tr 1fu.I"<E "f|{
(a) Na2CO3 + HCOt (b) HrPO; + HPOT-

fr[Erc+tqEcafl
(c) NHroH + NHf (d) a&b
64. 'Smog' € 661a rfiq frfl${.) [Ans: cl
(a) i (b) i, ii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(a) CO, (b) CH+ (c) So2 (d) NH3
53. Eft"rcoir frfurK mro x, \9 Kc q< a6qf qpf6
65. C2H4 + Clz + Ca(OH)z --------t CzHcO * CaClz * HzO ;
csE@ lAns: bl
(i) K, = 6.1p11-' (ii) K. = Kp(RT)-2 Fffi<y.ei{ffi<rlacs? [Ans: bl
(iii) K. = xr1P11z
(a) r00% (b)2sA3%@)80.85% (d) 12.21%
firF6sBFqAs? cficrFr:(b);%qi{M=
I (a) i, ii (b) i, iii iii
(c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, = 25.430/o "ffik
5+. qfgdtfrssfc< <qtT{RE Et<T ft-tE T{q ffimr;K 66. IllrEfi-sqrF|{tuRsq\cFni< fr{< lqt\e- tAns: dI
{EftCs{tr [Ans: b] 11 co&c+< ut<"t "taG
(a) )o (b) )t (c) )8 (d) )a (ii) cflkr{{frqEr"lffi&
55. r*qcnrpvr+RBl [Ans: d] (iii)frB&r;r{qRqqq&
(a) {l$Is eFrF . (b) EFtIe-l scfl's frrr-*mnFc6-sr

rEm (c) ql< sF{s (O {fi-{qffi$eqT-q

Lo8
(a) i

\\\
(b) ii (c) i, iii (d)

qffiffiqsirqftsrffiE"rt...
iii

C
 <MIV;I )EIrt3[ : olctllT-o8

a CQ: ft'ls<q<rrfcA c+6 "tfuf< w1aSEs fi s {+t6g-<: $

01. fuq-{F{aa? [RB, Ctg.B'221
!!fleeFEI<w'ffTF<c"tEl@ rficilqs<Isfcm cFm(?[l:t Gs{trtfu"I&Eq{qTe[rs, strE & qa
<lsf6<fuTlw{ e'{s (Ka <l Kb) {qlqrr
"teftq cll.]t'{st ff? <t il{t{fr-s fiir{qr A? lRB, M8',22, DB',2l, SB',19,CB',r7l
EEEu"rq crtrr E-q$ Rftlt< qyt{ft s aspqft Rfrrt< EF wFr c{,
q q{Er6s A <tcmfr"r frfu$r
oiBftEq|I]I{EI<ffir
03. CtIt' TF{SFItrF TTq? ICtg.B, CB'221
fi@fiffi vt"imm rotlnt E-s{t aq!frs frfurt< ctlrr<qt{ frfrnT{ {ftsr"l q$rft qt c$81-d slcs BftE
EfrFEq{E qft{<qfurslT{ eq+-c e frfu{k {wft+<"tw1tftqt(qTm$FBfi\5 efrtrRfrfls{
rfur sra-< eqrnrq< qflto qsB g{ <tFf qr r qt s<o <Fffiro & fiffi st"iqlqtr & E-s{ft <tqT{fr+ fift$r
qFrr&5its {EI E{ |

04. K" diFr:rcarr [sB'22, BB'21]

E!!! comt t-"{t Rfuffi qlrlt{qlT s< ftff< {q lrs Uqqlqq{Rr mFrk tlrlEl-{ s"ls{ € frfu{sTn{
frFll3t E.FII4-?I eq+zE-< qflEm flFII< qllle6?|f {qt q{ I ,4rS K. ERI q<s'It F*t <l I

0s. Jl{qr{llFT<rlrs<[q? rtl-d-{ c$fiffi a? lSB, JB, Din.B'22, CB'17, Din.B'171

EEil <cm[T{ fl
.fl"tt<r <.r
"rfrc<t Es"t cr-< e{{ T{ Efu{t e ss"itqr ffiG firT."]I<{qt F-fi q{ stFF {{q
<-arra fer+ c+frf$ <rnr
oo. st-.tEvfr$dftEo+r [SB, MB'22, Ctg.B, SB, JB, Din.B'21]

EEE! mtr-+ vqft ftfu<t cEil-{sm affilTtm sfi' & q<{< erB fi-{Ts, cr{ Erffi,at, EH qeFt qlqiil qfuq
F{l q{, \e-c{ qfc{Id w{q1 q({ <f <l({ q{drvlr< qfi <fu EF, ft < fi rT{s 1ffi\r6{< qqfqe E'fi E E{ r

07. :tlsl{E<qa? [JB, Din.B, MB'22, Ctg.B, JB, SB'21, All B'18, RB'171

EE o u-<rq xtqnr aRflq efiv + sl< Fr"t c{Ft q<l< q<rrg E:Ir*r pH ,{< {F fu{ qffi
E{ {1, EI{ R{
qllF; sl'trF <Fpld Fr"f {rE I <r{FRt E"Ic"l3t frw ptt Q< <Fll< ss]ET alt6f I

08. qEcffiTlrs(rq? lcB'221

E!!! cor+ <tcEfr-s frtmr< cqrq gq"E d&ts Esffi{ s{ e Es'F {s-q Bq{cr< Errd \tr{'llcvi{ 100
sftstrq$Bf:rFcoqi{m<rqr
09. qdfu'{Er Iq FlcF <(aP [cB, MB'22,D8, RB, JB, CB, Din.B',2l, All B'18, BB, Din.B'171
EEEtm fiffi q-{rs s cffi Rfrllir qr{ & {jr(q E1Qs frfrTrerf,K qfrr sr-c< CqdR mref{
"t"rql.ils,
q+qli{t {t \fl cFr Ek"i<) qqE{tfrs q I

10. pHff? [Din.B, MB'22, sB, Din.B'2l, DB, RB'17]

EEE! ffiq u-{q [H
+] qtrr+< qqffE1-{ $"flq{ qflRnrm ptt <cq r

11. qr5{ frrslq-{ fl{a x" A? [Din.B'22, Din.B'2l]

EEB!ECFfi< qAT E<rtS{fu 6sl.c-Itwit-?t ffilE{cq-rld fl sAR.tffi w<SlT e[r$qim A qrsd
frrslqr &F-{$, Ka RatI g r

rffi-sficfi{ta? [MB'22'DB'21, sB'lel

@f,cor+mrnrwvxqB{.ts "rfis{ftRfrfl<qr<c{rct{aflrs; q q<qrTrmlrfrsfi&st<cEil<t<rqr

IEil \\\ qffi+*qvrmBrsi+twt.. (I

 filTf, bE rlS[ : q{JI{-oB

13. 6ErFt?
pH m-nff? [RB',2rl
p!flzs'cuntom mlrqtsTqs{+sTsrAr<tfi<rqTErrcckr pH q<{Fr (0 - r+) "r{sqcs "tlrrr pH q<
et qR'a-<ro pu 6sar {Fr I

14. efifrdqffi-r rcFFq<-qFfi c<Rt? <t "fiG-dqfgfr{r scfE{ff, IDBCtg.BB.'21,R.B191

[@ am vr'wmm frBq {firs c]i@I.ffi{ qEnr< !"F[rqt s etgkq qFffid !"Ht-El-?r E.FF{ s?FF q{ r qt
e-{$lT 'ltfr-{qFfrf acFFdtrFI I

K* = [H3O+] x [OH-] = 10-1a; K- 6q 41fr4 q6fr6 qclsdt <EII q{ |

ts. <mFfi-act{rRqtA? lcB'21l

EEE cor+ c+rrqr qrw rryffi e +utsqft frfufl< cF irF E6{ qrcs; e q+Et16 <Hffir frfu{< cElK{ <rq r

a CQ: {sr<i EFTfit d{ € T{{lB-q{ :

01. qcr{gct{TrlrqtFlrs<rdl?
[@ m ararrcqm E-s{t RfuBtr Rfrr+ e Bsqrqns G{ G{ cEs q+sm qnr+, m <rcmFs inrt{trs
qqT{gqln]l{qt<5ql
oz. <tcl'flfi-f {nt{qITt6F<Fn
[@a w+qlr (amE-s{ft frfunt( cWftT 'Frr+{ std "r"fis frrF ']T6K Etc-T{wF
ql sR.T frfun
,TFUT{T qFT I

a cQ : R'iE <RTqcq{ c<tg {ftrrq qtf raqe-r d{ e q{fi Es<: +

0l . qfu <FrdE-{.tffireq6ve v<tr<-r gmrqfu vlrrtc< IDB'221 r

!!fl-lfu'.Ilfr E'lr<< wtr< ffi ,lftu s E<"t frEs rrd

q< qfts <].+,R er€E s-{t s{ I

GFF[: €ftF$ ,{frs (cH3cooH) q<( ffi&-fi{ efr6B E{c.Id <tTtd e$F qfr{ <lTl{ qrsT{q qfrs 6Fr r

1Rq("t $r+ q<(Rfrrt c.rcq efr q<FE etlm qfti <t+t< s<cq {T.{frs arsm-
r

11 efi v mtrl <rm,afrs qfr

s{ qt, T6{ p H $trK "ik<6r q{ l,l. r

1ii)<Frf<u-<qtro$k RHFs5q ({ oH- vffi{gq,q*6*H+ qqqketTs, E[{ H,o E\fiFr{ I

02. {IT' rFlS Kc qirfi{.IsETd mfl IRB'22, DB, JB'21, Ctg.B'r7l

EEil esB c-{'{ frfrrI Rr<}rT sR
:
A(g) + B(e);K.
tii ,*, = *
q:rrl{qF A e< qR{FI 0 Erq [A] = 0 ; P,q = 0 g'<FI, K. = c ; K, : c ffi r

qlitl3t, B qn qR{Ft 0 qcE [B] = 0 ; Ps = 0 Eil"t, Kc : 0 ; Kp = 0

ftV qtffir ffi, qtlrl-{s cqcqrtE E-sT} frfrxm mcq EmMir ETk Us{$ frfr{'lr Rfuro + Sqtlcr<
Y{qrql s'$ts E(o 'llcn ql sft rflTjs-q$ p'{{\e 0 nl oo qcu e1161411

rEm
0 I

\\\ {furl"Ssrmfrs"+trqt.. e
 \\\ it fIlGI oH qtr

o:. E-q$ fifrrt F{r+t eI{ c{ qr 6+"p + <mmft-+ cryn flFftEst $tqrt Tfl
[Din.B, RB'22, DB, RB, SB, BB, Din.B, MB'21, RB'191
!!fl Esa1ft p6'$q qq<1ft e +us{ft Rfufl< {t< {fi {:rFr qq, E1;r
frffi qnnq{ q-6q F'Kr et llrr+qlr frfr$F cs qRnT"t frfrT+ prs t
E\"ftn IRqEE{, f+ e€ qRxt"tE\fi csrf,frfrnro qRqoErr qftftfrTr
q<( Es"rIcq-{ qR{FI fi:r etFFrq\e qrtfn <lqFfro {firdn sFtt-ufgt wfl<E E{F
allrs qtusnTft frfurt er{E{dT
I I
:Fl{ -------}

@q+GRftffiEmi.r:
qcsrq+{q{i$lrrd + Cao + CO, f{fr fiE)
CaC03
04. l11wrrTlitrrT r tr-.Y,.D rLl
[@ryg+m*rcrt<ff{cE< qm qsBltrff, orttocq lRrfiqfiome++T< qfurls Es"xaaffitrfirl
qrr qRrEt <m< rr4{F-<r frfu${ {Fr({ ilcrrfr$ "Fftft $qepa s <I{qk {{sr
'frfi"fi F-<t
<qtar+< {r RT{r T{lTrfi ,{ .llrlf{ !E rF:r {€< {Rrr"f ERrq< nl{rm r{lks qkqftq E\fi Es"E q{t s{r
qrfts{ qnE ffi e fiFx i-elt?< <e]s <letl-< ql$c{ ruq irfl{r{{ qt{]T{ $fus Bs{tn Bq"rn o-<t qt r

05. Hr,lo, efiv e H, eon efrru< tcu 6$t{E qks .lfu{1ft <iFIn q{ I

[Ctg.B, C.B, Din.B'22,D.8, JB,CB'21, JB, CB'19,R.B'r7l

fi!fl Hno, s H3Po4 q<xc{, HNo3 sfi.+{ffir
Wr<t qtft, qfuefi,wrEl< q3sR oq 6qft{ 'RNIt{ qld"f !]rffi \BeEr fi-6< srd I HNO3 q< N q< Eil-{61 {'FI
+5 ,q<( H3po4 ,{ p q< q<H {|;t +5 | Ge q(,i{ qt-?rct fi{ crF ER c+-ST fT{tt{ Itn qFFl{ cqb sft e-
mg c<Fr vf< G-co 6<Ft I N q< qlsk p ircprFl e'E qe{Er HNo3 .lfu.itft I

06. coclz(g) + co(e) + crr(g) frfu{tFrE"REtc,R qsf{ 6qqr lsB'221

ro,'*f*, = r*$,) * rr,*?
E
qi E-s{$ Es"fln Tcv(q l mol
frfurt{ e<( frfu'{rffi {R{fq z mol 6u.*u Eq,11.ffir fl,,{s't Rfrarc<
mFm$itirVfifir C<fiuttfrfumun1fro-<rqfrfu$ "rEls{ftEr<r qRrd{frfrfrrFEt'f F:rItrrlq{srqFl
fiftqI qE"rTrt sc< llrefrfrsmEtc"R erv-r< q{fis Er q<rfr&<t cwiK$q6{ sr<
r r

07. pcr5fu) + pcl3G) + crr(g)frfuslfr{K. ere+-offi+-<r lsB'221

p!fl ectrlg; + PCl3(s) + clr(s)
eiRfr$csrE, o. = Hu9rl
{frRfurt<s-fi1qT mol L-1 <t r.,roun q{, \e-r<, Kc q< qT<t {c{ mol L-1 r

qFo (mol L:l)\^n [an = n Eq'Ilq'- N frfu'trs]

(rlIr{ An =2- l= 1
.. frffico r. €{q+rFmol l:1
qqvlls-qT{<"t {qE rttff&'s s'ltq ffi{ | ISB'22, Ctg.B'191
E@<frHeesFnds'qa-
HA + H+ +A_
qRfrsflla: c o o
frc-slq-{' -sc + qc + crc [a - frmlw+ sr<]', c r qlqfrs {{fiEI, K" -+ ftmfqq &aEo ]
cT{TKqF 6{Ft: C - oC oC dC
frrrrw geo tr+lt'q l
161 = IHA I

<f.' r" = Sllgs

(C-qC)
<t. x, = -g11
(1-q)C

(T,Ka= ozc [.1 -a =1]<l,cr = {cEqfiqrrern6ryq<'ttFlfrsel+f"t

I EI l.ol
\\\ qffi-+*es,mRw{trrt...
e
 iTJIISI 5EI'I3[
09. HF q<( Hr qr{c{r mFlFqR-$"tfu.+1ft qs-(IRITF{r
lBB',22l
[@ un e<t ul e< {cr Hl 6fr{E qfr$.iffi
qs r skq Hr q< Tqdffii HF dr"r< r*fur-<
u-e{T ffi r

H e<fis&'{Mcatro l e<FEB{'[Td?ryqrqt Hr,a<ffi'{tid]q| HF q<EffiF 6<Ftr{fr-dqdr (<ftsF Hr d1

qF Hr q< {{rs'Rr Tr[;r {qrq Frq H+ qI{{ Es"iTt E{ I G{IC{ HF drrN <q-{ ?nfi @E +eTln H+ qT{ BE"I{
c€$Vffi1TffiF6{r
10. HCIO4 € HBrOa q1{c{t 6sFE ER-$ qftq? {it{rt <r-d r
[JB'22, Din.B'17]
@ utr<t stft, qfucfiEc{rsr c{a{ {F c€Er d-6E-d sl{"f qlT 6Ff (c'F Ee S( r q{Irq HCloa € HBroa
Esrai qfu qfrs r E-str( 6{€T cfiq ct \e Br q< qEH ${ +7 qt{k q'q{t qtfi, ccftr cfi-qsird qlrq {l{
{:rl;t qr{ {< qFfl-?r alB E{ flE aFt ffg s{ r st<"t qFflcT Cqlt <q 6{rttrq fi6 Frg {h "ttr q<( fr6 EE
.tfficER{rFsrcrs'r<r
q{I54 Cl q< qFEit Br qc"Fpt alb r gt
HBroa qcq.fi HClo, qko qftg r

11. pH3qc,ffi NH3 Efrs rBKft; qd $r{q <rFlrt s-r I

uB'221
fi!fl rH.w"rouHrqkorkqftqsrBrsi-zr"t: pH3 q<(NH3,-ffiffirqrqfr{ffi{{atrcFmp q<iN rNH3 q<
ffirq 6$ff'{ cfit{d qrstit pH3 e( 6$-fr{ dre< qrslrfd crc* cqlb r {3r sm NH3 gr+qa-o-src< wtfr qt r

qo1-sfr5q p q1 vl.orr N qn c{trF <v

+erEr pH 3, N H3 q(tsl qf is xt<qft es r

12. pH 65'ffidftfi'O ctr$ 14'{T 6FI? <l pH 6taro-r+ qT{rql'ft{R6 6$-{? tcB, Din.B'22, Din.B,2l, Din.B,l9l
[@ cOr+ U'<e< H3o+ qBtr{.?t !;titIat 1g.ion L_1 qrE UqccR pH = - Iogro(Hro+) = - log(r) = O r

ql-?t oH- qI{I(l-< $Fr]i4l 1g. ion I_:1 q5q gq6q6 pH = 14 _ pOH : 14 + logro(1) = 14
.'. 0 pH 6SFr< fiTftfi s 14 pH r$(Ei;r E(ftql r idt pH m-e 0 - 14 q< {c$ ft{Kq l

13. "T9Crqt qT6<t+l-dE?r.P'

-3rt{ftF{r [Din.B'22, DB'19]
[@ <rs< pH frrq"t sfr{tr srf$r {trs filfrm {ffi-$fifr's qfrs <tTR Frctrr nr{h-o efrcu{
frmrqqfixoq:
H2Co3(aq) + H+(aq) + HCOI(aq)
qffilq{ €Fr.t <r m.@ qfrs q,lfr{ cllRE <.{ q frrflF RBIT q-$t< q{frs e3:
E-<cl
"IIqr
H+(aq) + HCot(aq) -.r Hrcor(ae,Bsef{Hrco3 {<ts{1Rqmffiq<rq{rs<pH:rFtfr"+6<lalr
I
q'Fftr$ {r@ oH- qmq c?rE FITIG frfu q6'
th
OH-(aq) + H2CO3(aq) -+ HCO, (aq) + HrOo)
t-
t4. "ttfrd
qEfrs o.tqq cclrs +frc"t pH ffi-{ h6fr s-dt <{?
lMB',22l
fi!fl zs.c vr'imm afifi-s qffi6 qcn'a.
K* = [H3o+] x [oH-] = 10-14 {flqTr
". [H:o*]
x [oH-1 = 1g-ra
+ log[Hro+] x [OH-] = log 1g-re
=+ log[H3o+] x Iog[OH-] = -14
+ -pH - pOH = -14
+pH+pOH=14
.'. pH = 14
- pOH
15. Iil,{FE E{qqfis - <it$l+it I
IDB'2rl
EEil uE.eoB ffi ofi-u r 6a-a{t qfr {fr co i1fttr< ffi.o qs + r Etiuifrs r{rq{ :rc{r HF a-rcEm E(q
efre eE{firo H+ qrts<k 'FFqls{ ut}+cm<t q$Eqgsrs$r

rM
 illll.6lbEelsl
16. HCro4 s H2so4 {c{i FffiffEqs-<iHite{r
o< ICtg.B'21]
q<qrd.t*?Bf+7 q<i
E!!! srsT"fr,*<S'<-sxG{ (q€TfiTt1dql+t{$81-<E"t<fr6+r<r HCIo4 ,q cl
H2SO4 q S q< qErct {(lIt +6 r E1Q UClOn, HrSO, qCs ft<s-< qfrsr

tz. qfi q'ft{E-{c.k pH{Ft 7 - 6$;r? ICtg.B'211

@ o.tl qfr* u-{cq ql 1R{Ft [H3o+] s [oH-] qls{ elfrs I Rrr{ ,r'6 s1offiElTr [H3o+] = 1x 10-7 €

tHo-l = 1x 10-7E r qt q'fTffi{E-{cct pH 4< {Ft -lo916(1 x 10-7) = 7qn1

18. Kp qRKc qrcc{l',{sF{II-f s e$E}ffiE'trfur lCtg.B'211

[!fl x. mnr< T{:rIEFr €'i-?r fr-'r'f,ft-s., \Tr<frro xo vtiFm E[r'K \eq?r fr6+ftqr Kp e< ffirq Rfu-{k
cETr{qlTBqQ\r- cq'E mHcs?Btfu<s-(19QT; K" 4T 6sGIElRTiIr
19. a-6frE qfr[u< K, = 1.8 x 1o-4 r{Ff? €Ffr IBB'2rl
EEE! EB FFr< ear E<cq Bq@ cFlrlt
qre< flFI rRrBF c{ E{trt frcrGs q{qllr etrra, iorm ,i qrx
frcflq{ g{s x, <er r +-<fr+ efro< K" = 1.8 x 1.0-4 {qF GFIltt rM q<fro efrcsr{ E{c"t H3o+ ,{< GlEk
{{fi4r !'i;13 xl0-M = 0.0134M {arr
HCOoH + Hzo + HCOO- + H3o+; [H3O+] =./K,C
20. frBs ffi{pHqi{Fr7 6s-fl lc.B, M.B',2r, All.B',18l
[@ fren "nfrcs [H3o+] : 1- x to-7 q<( [oH-] = | x 7o-?
pH = -logro(1 x70-7)=7
s{te,frBq afi< pH TFI 7E{r
21. K",4< ${ 6<Ft Er{ qfrrs<.|fu qft-+ - <il{rlF-{ I tMB'211

@ ***, €frru< K,,no, =

ffiI1,"* A c 6sItrrt\$r{mr )

sdn r<"f R< strsrq u.o* e< 1Rfi"t 1fr c'tFr Ka qn qF 1fr flts r q< ql:rfl qtfi qfrMd -tfuflqt qF$
qtrEr{ H3o+ qlaq 1ft< nn< wfcet <Tcg r v1Q x" ,{< qf{ c<ftqffi,{frcv-<.tfuqft-+ r

Naz CO: q< qft{ E{.t TEKft 6S-{? tRB'l9l

p!!!uarCo. a +
2Hro---------..l 2NaoH H2CO3

NarCo, oTfri E<61{.tE slir NaoH il fin efrs Hrco. E\"t4 Tm r ffi
efi--u <u Es,EI H+ q< Eqil{t c?tE
tF <s Bs"E ou- lfiftct 6qft r stt E-<q OH - csft all-fim e-{"t sk{fr Sr r

23. AB5@) + AB3G) + BzG), eRRfu'$rftir{qrd$"fdflr"fdqsFr<it{Jts'{r IBB'191

EEEil aeu(e) + AB3G) + B,(s)
fifrx]Tfift"Tr$< irrfti mrqxr"mEqqEq-d 'ffi{ mlq{$lfiqFT{ r stE uHtfrrsqffit{qr<E{{6< qfrq
sqn frfuat "l.Dls{ft qr I qld El"t glff RfuTt aqt'ttfr <r r

24. ffi eFE B-v{fr "tqtd-<rl-rt tFT r

[C.B, Din.B'19]
!!fl qfwe<mq{fi(< ffi calfi G*) €i-{"i € EffiEcnts-<clo "tlr;{, Elt {fiE-rlqff "mfir
HrO + H^Cl - H:0+ + Cf 6m QC I<)

+ H+ + oH- 1efru frcrm;

Hzo
25. T{TErl1frrgfrfrF{ljtEr{Ifr {m 6.F-d[ <il{rtq{ I
[Din.B'l9l
'ttr frfum-+a cftr
s<frsT {Eryflr(, rsE{I Rfu< qdn,
@ sLT{ crr{"itBrr e + B + AB; 6$1-tr[
Rfu$< mrq q{.t REF$( cr'{, Rs o< [A] x [B] r q?[6{, r.NlEl-zr ficel frfr{t{ qlr<.d qrr1'fts rer6 fiq.llT{
anst{ !-fiIql 1frF frfu{l< q< Ift ffi r

IMil \\\ qffiq-*qsrrFs+tmt..

e
 <fltv;I DErlS[
26. H3PO4 q<( H3ASO4 qT{C{i 6:Fl{Fqfr-Sqft{
,a<( 6iFq? lDin.B'l9l
p!!! HrRo. q<( H3Aso4 Esr qk qfirv-{ rs-ff* "R{W q-Rr.I c\"Bt q{l4r ft-E qfi-?I Tc$ H3Po4 q<
6q€T fiqt"1 p ,4n q?Fk, HrAso, ({ (sA'{ ,tflIt As €n HFFId qc,ifi @E fr{]K As "ENI{{ Effi]-rr p
*rtTd rtd v1g vfr -+ q{ r vlQ H, P o*, tt rAs o* waf tnl vf k$ qft{ r

zz. <rrEfi-sct{]l{t{{[s'aT4.l{? lR.B',l7l

[!f, Efvrs q-E-a frftnrs E-sq$r E{B errsF frfr$-t
1t fire remr sr< qk+fi't frfrF${ cqt
frfu$< mut "rfls frfurt< c<rur< cum qfis c<Ft c{ <rq qtalrm clrq frfrmEfr es{ft {c{ s{ r ftg frE ftR
RfutT q{r1$ frfril< F f € "rfis{t Rfr$< c<ut q:rn q{ qrr,q qqqn-+ <qr <l <mmfi-+ qlrrcq l q{B
fl qTqf{ tr{rl frfrnt< F{ € ef5le, frfr{Id c<uf cTF C{ vl(s TmlTfrs qlni{qt <F I

x. qaqfEtlfrrsfrEroa'a1fr tr+ m: ICtg.B'171

EEil rr<tt+, csnRfrnt A + B + c + D

\Inq'r tfr ocre qtcXq< *u {(v( 1fr "nx <m +re frfu{F sR 1fr "na r vr< om9l {{{ffi{ {Eal Rffi{
AB AC D
Srffi6qfr*fuftqr K" = -44 =
At ,tt-'at-'at
2s. HOCI,{iFfi qfrs-<rHrtq{r [Ctg.B'l7l

,: t{ln.
q{ftrr o,H e<tr6r<S{rofrrq{ftro 6l-{frcrq,firr{c"f H+ q]-{Trdsli Hoct eFE efrsr
cqq-{: r (qrqli\) + R Gfu'ss) --, (E .... R) qs{ffw{t-+ E tqrqRD + p (Es'lln)
:0. qrttqffimreft$: uB'l7l
EEE qsB frfu${ fr qRrrq frfri-s ER ftn "ifrqs E{ EI frtFfl<'lv Es"m{ {ffid {qF +s rd( frfu{rs<
ft ffi{tctBs{ra filsfis s{Et qrqI frfrF$< 1e ss"nna El< r q{R qi'Eq ffi<
IF Fetl sr{r s"iqE ?sR
qt Tr< qr4l6' qq"RT frfrr+ro Es"tlrn qRqo q<t r

qtrffi %= T5*T-r**,q
Fnn5r" fd{Fl,rrrq<
rooozo

a CQ::rsf<rq{{Fr{T{s fi e {T{lE-s<:
01. srotlt'sr1frF-{rq {fr{qkfr+ stqq1fr "tm c+ar
!@ qrFrRcrm{Rfu$c{: H2o(r) + H+ + oH-
{fr< srqfr{ e"t€, Kw = [H+] x [oH-]
Et',FrEI $< FFr H+ € oH- qErrdir qq{ql $ "fln I sFFf sl,irTEI $ 6"fra 4fr1 frmrqq qr<e c<Fr c{ r

qKl-?r qtiE-{-< qflrqt {vFI Kw L4ir rFv <169 r c?tr\ {h-{ EIflT[qt <tgm vmft+ e"t+n
1fr "nr r

fiTqn <tqrd E-{.t <qro ft c{Rffl

[@ c+r* +o< u-<rt< <t Ft{ c{q <ErcE' <IIFt;r r<"r< oi pn ffrm lR'r< tr+m m pu qfim6 fflr< ms & <rem
U** ** 6qf a[er< FIdffi efrf I qls[r{{ ifrs pH $+ <<du {dn q:E< pKa qir {F{ cc]rs + 1 pH <Fr*tl{
<le[ s{ t{9;{ A {,FK Uu*u o1*1g 6g afvtc< 5;fa-6 q5q 11 1.r-.f* & <mm n<qr-o eFE frfi\H {l.rnK W{q <rn r

03. EET$ ftfrflT qm c-<rq* c{-s ft Er< st ftrc-d S,rd fr-e'q +ap 1Rtcr fr{ r

@ mn t-q$ fr fu am ltlr.g{rfi eq€ ft <r< vr ft*,'< +r< neu SEtr R{cnd Efi -
11 fifuT + s Bs'm {qrcd{ cfuT
q<ro 6sl=t qsmt eFFli.t qfl <*rq sR B"r< r

GD E\r-{t frfu{r'$<m{frsqffi{ em.to

qft$rn{ R&{ E"frqlr+d qqam< irqriir B'rd I csrnr fi
'I4 {$-€ct"t chrrT <IT fifuj: {qraaf{
qEi frfuflT ffirE qtgrfi( {qrl< qlB q<\ Bsttq {qnk qtarem wqrK
waB vGq qq; 6{rsrEl ilqs{r€ c<5Ft q:F-{t 2IFFF qI r

IEM \\
qfur.Fqqrsftu",FtE"rt..
e
 <fflT6l DEIrtS[

a cQ: frns <qfi{rqd cqM {Ar1-< srrl't s Bwsq qqstTar+ qt s q{qtBss:

I;;;t ll[,*t
01. IDB'221

f"*-;;t
o2M ll *y
l f,*
8,1'r,l
A-{ro
fTl L:__l
B.{EI C.{EI
C .RIEI
l

1'9 C-,ttro frnmf* frdr"t< +tG pH oH-+f< $<rc ffi F-{

sirrr pH $-< efiatd-fcfrtq +ftt F{
r

6y c-"rm Rnnrr frenq fitlr rR{.t efrv- <t Tl<-$ fft't

(El
r

E
HA+ NaOH + NaA + HzO q?[6{,
el1qfrr c{Fpr(qTI: 0.074 6x 10-3 0 0 nHa = 0.14x 0.1
frfr-sr elm mlq: 0.014 - 6 x 1o-3 6 x 10-3 -6x10-3 6x 10-3 6x10-3 = 0.014mo1
=8x10-3 0 6x10-3 6x10-3 rluaos =
pH =
-tog(K.) + logM 30x10-3x0.2
= 6 x 10-3mol
= -(1.8 x 1o-t) + lon
u ru*'o-l)
\8x10_r/ q?ftrt,
= 4.61e7 (pH < 7 Es{FfrEFlE qfrq-{) A- = CH:COO-,
HCOO-, C6HsCOO-
QeJlth I

d frffi,Ha+NaoH-+NaA*Hzo
nHe =
ffiF
30^o
mol = 0.014 mol
2
nrrraox = rojr# mol = 6 x l0-3 mol
wrcq<, frfi"t 6 x 10-3 mol NaOH,0.014 mol HA q< fi(al ftfu'{t sf< 6 x 10-3 mol NaA OqoN+f< r

fr{c"tq<BB HA = (0.014 - 6 x 10-3) mol = 8 x 10-3 mol

rsq<, fr$c{ ua s NaA q$E <f{FEr u-{"t ?.oft qrc< r

e?tt-{eEesBqft{{rfl-rlft$qcarqr (rqqrq] qfrs{$ErEHIc'tE?tr.tpH{-fl{ErTel(TFt.qfulq{+r

qfts<lskE-{c"td&m-c.d"m<f{me<mql]'tqrfifi-o,{frs<tqffitr+ efrs (HA) s mtfu{ta[6{r$<t
w,ifrctb OaA) q<qll{I{€sqfr{ertfu<<trt<u<qtr<fr$-dxfq<4ilc<T{{I q <I{FEIu-{cffiS'llq1Tqr
w+qfis-fitffisErgafrsr
HA (aq) + A-(aq) + H+(aq) 11q,efr-u,Utmniffisq{r)
NaA(aq) + A-(aq) + Na+ (aq) tst{fr-s s<"f, \ilAla{ffisE{rl

q{In, A- : CHsCOO-, HCOO-, CuHTCOO- Qffi

qqqfqm efis (H+) {(rqtrt: fi
fl{FI qRqrq Hct efi-s qdfq H+ qFFI q <lrrl-< e<cct mlrt F{t q{, srl-q Eq-s
H qls{erql E+cci Rq i$a e- q{r{n Nt.r<i gr <l fix<r"t
+
IT vfu ro v{ Est* +r< 6.* r

HI(aq) + A-(aq) --+ HA (aq)

IEM $) \\\ qffiq-*qslrshg",R'rt..

e
 <TJIIT6I bEI,IST : qF{IIT-O8

mr-q 6t{ efr"u uftr E-<rct IE EG\ frHv, vti eE qG clffii tRftq ffi q{; Gr.ts srr q-( E&\
frr,fiiNaa o<B'tQfu-'cy ore &<rqldE{cqqq-sqffaqfrsstfl H+ qEn;K<Iqi@ifr{NqEH (H3o+)
q{ TfllEt fr6.F <T[9 qf r c{R ,i E-<l"R pH c< lFr el|{ vctffi allire r

qs fiEm Tfd (OH -) {V{t't: {]If{' qfu{ sk

- q|.s4 q <f.p-R u("IFIE 6t't TTFI Eq-s
qdR OH

oH-ql${er{tuq(.tfrqi${ Ht q(cketfr&-sl F'[rqB'< uv&q fuev tfr v1 6ro; IEF.GI I ErFr

efrrw{qTl;t<qIulqfrrcqmFtm H* crs{?sfrTmfrfrfl<ro H+ qErfinqsR tdct+mr
OH-(aq) + Hr (aq) .., Hzo (l)
HA+ aq + A- (aq) + H+ (aq)
qEq<, cq{l Tls G, <FFk uqc6l qFrr{r qRqH q( qfi"s <t rk RccI< Iallsrq H + qls{ qaF oH - qEFr q< R
c+nfi e$6 ({'Ft T-{t eFF' ql G-{, \rt <lsEr u-<r"R 6"rFir6{d qlsc furR asq q"|qlfiE q1 q1i 6s]-{ cFrqQ H +
qllrrdK !;Fr]-EII satt pH q<qFfu{9|fr-<fuq{4fl

NaA+ I A- l+Na*

Fo:vfu<l-qmusrqqfrTT-dfi
AxsG) AX3G) + Xz(g); Kp = 1atm. IDB'221
=
('D Eft"f(T{frfrTf Fntrq{ frEDH+E<ET Axs qr 30% ffis<<r
(T) st'Et{f R{ cdr{ Bfrqrr'i fr fu 1.2 atm Ept {GrFt F{r{ Axs qd 1M +sFf f ffiE <<?
ffiG-qv-trsRrs{"fs-{ r

f Ee-{-l
E <4, Axs q<e11(fus61E{(ctr = lmol e fllb El'l : p
AxsG) + Axr(g) + xr(g) iKp=1atm
qffioq{qfs: lmol 0 o C{l{ EIffi_f mIE ffiETI4I aIIsFI
flC}l{qt{t: (1 - 0.3)mol 0.3 mol 0.3 mol {Qfmqljr{tmlqRqrm qRr
... qrySf-s, Axs .4{rflsFfsEI't, prx. = x n= Ie AX5 = lAolrq{N q : aex. = 0.30

ex, c< vliFlo rtt, Po*, = P

=H o = r 1a:1 EIqfrs flt{1
,.E

x, ,l<vttFFFuf"t, P", = mEfrLrtq,

HP
x=4fl
e"1('54<T, r
".
{Frjs?rF, *o = tl*{, 1 = = #*. x=a=0.3
<1, P = 10.11 ath ... Fn$rq< mtb utt, p = 10.11 atm

rEq \11
 \\\ UIT6I }EI'II[

d qfr, Et't p = 1.2 atmqrExfiFlaxrffiuqrr

AXsG)+AXrG)+Xz(g)
qRfrEqq{F 1m61 o o
qWF-qEt: (1 - x)mol x mol x mol
mEmET(?Bt: 1 _x+x+x = (1 +x) mol
clqlTslT, AXs q<ql(FliFDt"l, P*, = 1*P
.'.

AX3 q(qt(FlsElel, P*. =

*P
(*rX,*-"4
x2 ,s< qTqFIo EI"l, e*, =
fi P ,, Ko -
+,r=f;p:iart.z
(t, 1 - x2 = 1.2 x2 <[, 2.2x2 = \
([,x= 0.6742 mol
vdp p4. q< frc{M-{ x -- o .67 42mol
Axs q<frcrrcHlt(t -0.6742 "=:=Y
'.
Rmfq-+ rrEI =
o uio'
x 700 : 67 .42o/o

... EI,t = 1.2atm qm fi({M{ {1i4t = (0.6742 - 0.30) = 0.3742 mo} {RqFt 6{rV {t6<r r

03' [RB'22]
,/- PK-3 3 _\
t-,
| ,*.r | | 3oml I

I o.rs rra | | o.lM

I scoos I I KoH
I

r.. ,
)it 'lld
[,_____J
\R 'llE
I

(q) Bft'f(-{{ lq( € qq( {tcm ftAv uqrct caqr r{ 6qttt rFrEtT E?trla pH qr 11{ 1ffie qr-{ fu-
frrss.tFdr

ftr r-l
E Eft"ir-+< ) s t q( 'fl@<r &?H frEs +-<m,
HCOOH + KOH -r HCOOK a HzO
HCOOKffif'k mFf {(rl]l ns666L = 30 x 10-3 x 0.1 = 3 x 10-3mol
frfu$ r.trs HcooH qT 6{f{ {(1It, nHcooH : (100 x 10-3 x 0.1S) - 3 x 10-3 = 0.012 mol
... frfto w<qB q6{ <I.FRI u?t t r

.'.U-<"tE< pH = ,X" + toSffi

= 3.8 + loet# = 3,1e8
6546q{tE-s ufrs{lsl{Et H* ql{{E\ffiscnrfi{EFi {R'qFI H* ql"fi qt<lsRE<r"tc{tuls-$CF
qq-s H
+ qEHe(fl E{c"t fu{ H coo- qE({d iilcat {sr <r fi emt q v&s Rrilqi H coou v1 Es,tn +rr r

Hao + HCooAo -+ HCooH(aq)

cre e+0 {E s&e, Frfir, vtt frcF{fr's qfis q& q1{|{r qRrtrr
HCooH qs r qqr ,i <Ft{ ffis E?["1

E i-sqf,<t qfrsElrt H+ ql{fidrfifEIfrr.mmVtnrqt qtu-{rk pH q<fl{ Ef{q{R-<G€ efimr

 ipIITA bEI '|3[

tRB',22l

I
s0
3
ql

Reaction axis--'
ffiffid'Irilfi.tR-{{ifi :FttBFc{ 7 € 1
As B
1t) Efr{r+-{ AB3 futtr* Ftrameftq{ sftrld cr{rw {fiTFt Esffi atBd 16tqq frrfsot
q* r

E erlt@frffi,
+ 3H2 ;i 2NH:; AH
Nz = -92.2k1
NH3 frr-t( Frr-tlqiIq{ EEF{I( {cfu ffiTIq Sqlm Etftr 16rT{ E6sI
EI']:IrEIT 3I{ SITcg QC<:
B-s'frfuRmc{{T.ftfrffisft"tts"rlftrcFs'g{rq{S'Fsl'iqlqtirer\e-FMFsEj]t-<T<q'ft-fiq cqm'flt
r"gx, = (ffi)i+n{s
qrqF,"ltafrfrml<cFGraH =
im+<<-

q{Itrr stryr(t, T qFT TirFT cFrs<-o Ke q{ {Fr lfr'n q-<q Es{[{ 1fr {r{ r

El"lTlytFRrq: ql-({tfr{tc(rs[6kmrafrfua-+qc"rfiErffiq<c{lEcr?Bls:rr*FrEI,i<l9I[dl(<ft{Rrt'["t
frfrrc frfrqt om E\{E{ Ifr T-{r< r

{{{t{l <tVtcs E(it: clf,r{qEr fifr5lrs s-{r{ fi]R{ rwn< frm afiftq E\{'[q-d
!-{rIrT fi
qRqn T{'r+K $$rl€ E\{tq{ <Fflm TF
1ft +<r< r q"r<frro Eq"llc[d l.+t!GT r

esFFFft-co<rs: Esr{oBq"fkq-?r "ifu"t<igl{llEr< Esf{sRc{r< Fe {r{qKs-{rqfrfr$r<s"dIfr {r< r

0s. AB(g) + A(s) + B (s) lCts.B'221

q{fr{, vt FrfEt t = 30"c, Etet, P = 2 atm,RG[FtfiEt55% I
6 Sft'n-+*Rffii{Fr-, s?FF Kc e<qFrffi s( r

(q) Eft"tro.*REpmtr* Et{ qfuT rr{rdrftRlq-{dEr iffis qs-'fifffr-$qm frrs+t{-d r

E
crftERft$: AB(e) + A(e) + e(e) frcmsrq<qfut"t,a=550/o
stelfi-oq-{q1ir: I o 0 o = 0.55 mol [a=1]
qFBl-{qEr: (1 - 0 s5) 0.55 0.55 frmlq{x=aqx=a=0.55
. = 0.45 mFfi"f,p=2atm
EIfl:rEI, T= 30"C = 303 K

IMil t)8
\\\ iRq6{deMGIFffi {etu!'t.. 4!
 \\\ IPIITEI bE9l3[

cEfi{cF ({1B fltE{(rrfi= (0.4s + 0.55 + 0.55) = 1.ss

AB qn q(Fls Et"i, Po, = * 2 = 0.581 atm
ro9lI
A c<qf(FlsEIot, no =
ffi x 2 = 0.710 atm

n e< qT(Ffs fi"I, Ps = x 2 -- o.7Lo atm

1s5E

ftfuqF ql{i&'{s, K, = +f
o
;. = "oo#to = o.turu
qTfiqlfr,
Kp = K"(RT)an c{ct|r{,An:2-t=l
oa676 R = 0.0821 Latrn mol-1K-1
x-' =i+
(RT)r- 0.0421x303 = 3.488x 1o-2
T=30oC=303K
r. Kc = 3.488 x 10-2
d an-.rnsfixtr<< ft&q{fift mmTE-qtRfurtffiimqm qr+rflffi fi
,i w<qm estrfroqo, nqq Enqiil,
EH qef<l {{flql 1ft{6{ F-df q{, \o-r{ {I(Irrd \KqFI ultrI <f Tlr:I qr{sr6{ qk<6T Er{, qF fialr+ 1fur{(
T-efq{fifrsqTr
: AB(g) e A(e) +B(s)
Etsft-sq{ql{: I o o qk,frmlqffid{fi$.t = x
: 1-x x x
flTif{ql{ flrD flfE qC?trl = (1 -x+x+x) = 1+x
rfrstBut't p {dfE{, AB q<qtRFlsEt"t, r* = fin
A q<( B qt(FFFEtet, ro = r, = tlr
frtuu<rrar,s+o, K, = +# = i*-,*---,t*'= +.
fix<<1q{ERC{,7-x2=1
Kp: xzP
,, , Ko I-.
, =*-=-=+X=./ n
c{cQKpeFFF<-sr..r*#
sdn, frffi< lt'l 11Vne frc*sg1( "ifu"t {gT fltrt q<( Et'f <Erfrq fuqfqrffi qR'fl"t C{ry {|r{ r

Uc*\ Bft'rtT( frffis fi"t qffi o<m frmtqq q|iil "im qs r

** *l"u'.
t_)
06. J
I 1x10'M lcts.B'221
K :1.8 x 10r

q{tF, x, &-{ qilfr efrcs-{ ftqr r{crtl(€ r

(rD Bfr{rqd x E-{c.ld poHR{RTir I

fi\e{lifirq, C = [H+] : 10-2M

K.=1.8x10-s
qfrrsnftrnsi-rrr€r, .hs x 10-
a=
F = ffi =
ffie- tH+l = qC = V 13tlb:5 x 10-2 = 4.243 x 7o-4M
pH = -log[H+] = -log(4.243 x 10-4) = 2.37
qlT'df Elfr, pH + pOH = 14 + pOH = 14 2.37 = 71.63
-
It$l Nr
 lpfsl5nftl
{Ctg,B'221
\ aoo.l I \ rso mr- I

I trto,rta I L,t,t,n I
lk. =r.oxlo'I I
ll MoH
I
l-Hr
Jt -\_IFI'I
I

[--._* __--./
-- ,-_-/ -[]
)
(ut)
('t) qfiswq qE
HA iq-{ 'ItfiFfuq u?quqxz ai'$ts-(,
(lt) Cii) ?llGlrr E<rt {f${ {R{rq {fu{tft ,{fiv rlt Ttir 6{Ft €rdT wtrkr pH-qr mnnt qffiq c{ ft?
tfiGEvrr<RenH+-q r

r-E"?-t
E HA ?q< qfrs qrq "ilfrco efr qtsFlq qmfis q1qm qIrF s1-<.t HA E{6 qs o1 qfis I

$rtv qfBRr rE-{Fi sl-{cim, m strlt E{E

qE[,T {RF E+pE p-<rq fiT{cq ffiE qrl qNn?rtr afitrF r

HA+ H2O +
H3O++A-
qa rqT$
qxaT{r, x. =
ffiffi, [q(T6E (Hro) fi e[ro]
[H3o+] [A-]
... Kc x tH"Ol - IHA I

*" = Ie# qqIH, Ka = Kc x [H2o]

BqRB-s rTlTfiq K" 6{r qrs( frcqfwt sFp iFtl E{ r Ka q( 6rrc q<r$ 6dq r

qEr$E&\frmjfrr"l qfrqrFroqffisssr rRv&sR-d!]ffiqqlT6fr-sq

'l"trs.{tq{Fk t "ttfrc,c=qt s
qTI

Efu q6sT C-{lT a{ {$FF HA 1lfrro qErfis qs I s:5q [H3o+J << [HA] E{ e1q qfTIl-{qF Ka << 1 qsr
E 01 T( llTd (II) qa q{fft r Es{: pH= 4.42 q1ffi qlsr{ I

08. lsB,22l

pK" : 4.76

) i\ E+t )iR+tn\E+f \ iR &-<rt

(rD Eft'rm-{ ) q\ s q q\ E-{rt{ frimr pH Ts?
$ Eft{Frd \e i\ ftfi.t fi{m HCI ts qtqFr NaoH 6rrt{ :F<[aT pH {Inr c+trrt 1fuq qrs ft Tt- frcr6.t Td r

E 01T( elcfd (tt) q< q{-S'l I E-s.s: fr{rR pH = 4.32

E 01T( 'i6{< ({) qTqTmlr (HA = CH3COOH)

CH3COONa-) ICI{3COO- | +Na+

cHscooH= CH3COO-

rE
 \\\ ffillrdbnftl
lsB'221
1
Efr'F-:: SO3=SO2+7O2
A2B4 i 2AB2
Eft"F_q: q{ttrr A € B qilfkr{FlfrS{(fi 7 € 8

('D BftqT-) q{frfrFff{ cF@<sv vl'FIEtEt Kp qr {FI Kc qlt

(T) EftqT-r qd q{ qlTrF-ffi-d <ArF Tt qMc-{ qd r

E Bft"ro->e<frmEmt-
so, + so, +]o,
frH< tBffi-{ E {s, R = 0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1
<R r x qqqrqll rp qR {Ft Kc q( qb e.t qr< r

m=t+|-t=)
Kp = K.(RT)A" =ar.=6.1P11]
+ 82 = 0.0821 xT+T=779.53K=506.53'C
... frcc1TstlTlEl, T = 505.53'c
E tftqr-+rRffiq(-{I-
N2O4 + 2NO2
frru e frfr-{rdqiicl'$tfl{s Ke s r" ffin-fiqc-"rt,
v|filffinsr ffirs< frnmq : qffi&Trqq ffis (N204) 6s <6 ef5q Bs'g T-{rq st qt$lf,\9=fcq
ffis <s qltdtq{ utMs (}{ or ) Esq{ sK I clsBFrql{ fr ffi fi Ss'i,
l <fr Nro* .{Fft6$q{ TlEl 0
NrOr(.) + 2NO2G)
x
EffiEqaqlg' rrro1 0 mol 0= -.'.x=a(t
a
[a= 1]
"
clqll-QI{ : (a - x) mol 2xmol slt cm-{ x<t o mmlntFfiirat qefi-{
.'. frfrrflF< x, = euJ o<, x. =
F.fi{Ir{r
119
K, €{ rlEFtl: {trt F-ir, NzO+ - eK Etalfrs dFPi$llt, a q<( ffi]l{qls frrJlMfl{ 'tfu, a mrq r ,i q+qrg
N2O4 q< flIe'ri{ \3 NO2 q< flrqq\rlrl {r{ {cnq[{ (a - x) s zx r qo<lr fllb c{FFq{,1qcq (a - x + 2x) <t'
(a +x) r aliFrfrSrl-d 6{Eoq{fr P(atm) ET, ec-
Nro, e<uIiFl-+uH, pN,o" = Hp; e<i uo, e<vtqFFut"t, Pp6, = fir
.. xo = 9re,), =
# = # ,.
ffi = #
[sce x = o stt Kp = +'1 € ce'<nrrc< r]
r
Kc - q( : {r{ c-<, Rffi v Ffit< qms-qfrFE "ttrq q-i{ T-fi i{cTrQ I
'FF{t
N2o4@ qi iFl.{rEt, [Nro4] =
t"i*'rnolt'
{'3-<Rqnil<aT;
NOz(d .{{lTfl-EI, [NOrl = f, molrr r

.'.qr{rFF, Kc =
tH = g =$ t*.<q, = a cqrs@ Kp = ffi r

rE
 EIJII{6I }Ertg
t IBB'221

t-

r
ird
ts-'rq
B-
Kucoon = 1.8 x 10-4 , ,o-'
".r,.oollr.,
({)A€B'ftBKEirltfiffsqqrqplr,{T{fr{-d6{lInt&nstCE*o,.u6qt-rtfiB-{slr{frr*s.t:F{r
f-trg<-l
E Cq\g$ ql6q, HCOOH q( TfiIOt, CHcoon = 0.1M ((( KHcoon 1.8 x 10-4
=
.'. A ltr$t Ftr*t, pH
= - tog(rrrflftfiiEflffi = - log(./rs1lo-+1oO = z.:z
CH3COOH q< {{{tEl, C6l.coon = 0.1M €(( KcH.cooH : 1.8 x 10-s
B {IrcEI E:rrR pH = - tog(r/R6[[[s x C-

= -log(y't-8 x ro= x o.t) = z.ez

A € B {l" frEs G.*, frEo u-<rq-< pu = - tog (r/rr.oo" x cr,.oo, +
JRcH,cooHrTcH.cooH)
t- = -log(V1s x ro=a x o'.r + y'r-a x 10-s-xl:1) = z.zs
,. frEs u<"k ps A s e$@ir Ernt{ {Nfr{qc<
tr$q6r B pH r

:
11. A2(g) + G) e 2AB3(g); AH
3B2 = -ve IBB'221
, 25oC Et$lf{t{t Kp = 0.425 atm-2.
(D frfrrytFq x" q({Frfic{Tv-d r

(q) Efrqrf{ Rffiro st't{iirt, Elet s \;Frt{t qfuqr.{F qhTR{T ft 6q1I{1 iR-{67
!Br< - ftlts"ts-d r

gEl'fcc< f<fFRIlB-{, Kp 0.425 atm-2

E =
st'ffliEI, T = 25oC = 298K; An = 2 - (3 + 1) = -Z; R : 0.0821 Larn mot-1K-1
q]lmt qfi, Kp = K"(RT)an + 0.425 Kc(0.0821 x 298)-2 + Kc ZS4.3g
= = mot-21!
.'. {ftr,F6E, K,
= 254.39 mol-2Lz
d Bftto<frffi- Ar(s) + 3Br(s) + 2AB3(g);aH = -ve
c1{]l{ql{vPfsnqk erq?r:
E"rc-ds frffi{ qTEt frffi'Efc{sffi vlt q5rsIft fiffi s1"r{ftr cl$r{qtr Etl$qB T1rel
firc<r+( {9:f sffi q6qr {ftnd"t <s ttt, log ro = (- #J x
} + c-a+
sk"lTs{ft frfrF{k cs(o AH = -ve ee{f{t log Ko <nm mrrF 4<-
i
ll ,/ ,/
nznl
I

Elt
+- qk
ET"iTlEr, T $ S<rq
+
nsffi FlF;r log Kp s:rF I log Kp iF:n-?r q4r {|$&'{s Kp l'{r{ r stt Bs{t i srT
q'F frra q{rniil, T s:rr{ {ITIff{s,

rE
<t6{ r Cld Ke <lvk Ei-{r cFrrr{qf ay-<ff <r trs"rm< qRqr"t Ifr srr r
 <PIIEEI bEI rlsl : qlt51$-o8

ct{lr{q|T fir'irt qsR: El"l <lgrq <I sqf6{ ilTis?ItrFit {r{ qR<\f{ E{ qlr Rfu fir$ {l{t, q?m{
celra
Eq,fk[dcqq{$irRfusrs<fflqcr$tcatrss:tr sffirqEft"IF<Rfu$T 6{FT{l"BtFft ellslT
Erq <9IFT it:rrEt sr il{F frfuTr qrrffi frtr q€FK Er< r

erq Es"ftq' <lv-r{ r qREt fi,t $qtr{ frfu-Tt "roR frro qerq-< qc< r

{l{ r{{TlrfifEkr ei\5Ft:

qmTq{ Rfttrmr qIrTEI Ifr c<r{ Tl{]l{qt cw<ff sc{ E\fthr ffi{r"t Ifr $t< r qffi5q E\"ftE< T{$<T
Rfum-+< cqn-o c<ftcffifrffi,r61s<qqcqRfurrc( {R{"f 1fr+t-< s mrr+qt"tkc6rq<qqFr-qE{fiE
ft< | TflrEI <fwr{ <I Tqfre q{i&6?Irs-{ qI{ qffi Er Tt r

12. lBB',22l

A- "fl( B- .lrE

K" = 1'8 x 1o-4

(rt) A cttrq-d Fftclir H+ qr 6{rER \;l'fiEt ffi q< r

cr) A € B'tt6T{ U-{.t fras {drdrfrilr,Er ertG pH fi{rs-d {t{rc{ frrEF.t F-d I

E Bft"rro< a *ro< ucoou eoF ffi qH I s;NlEt, cucoou = 0.3M q<( K" = 1.8 x 10-4

"'
H+ ,{< cqFIF {{{qt, rttq x cr.o* = 1/is;T0- x 03 = 7.348 x 10-3M
1lt*1 =

E 0 lT( {eF ('l) e( .cT{q I Bq{, pH = 3 .37 6 < z stq fr+t6

qfu <r< r

13. IJB'221

HA
l8 mL
MOH
0.5 M 7ml
K:l.8xl0: 0.5 M

{6- A "llq- B "iE- c

t't) Bfr"tr+a.l' {rqdE-{rEr pH 'FFII+< r

6y Eft'rro* 'c' {@-dfr{u-<cq-d er1G61on*s1 ffifu+vtr<frrss"tr{ r

HA q< Ka x 1o-s q.Nlqt,

E = 1.8 \e C = o.SM

... A 'lt6q-:t6q6cld pH : -togJKJ

= -togVr.a x 1o-B; os = z.Sze
E 01T({el-{('t) qrqlfrqrBs]t: pH = 4.548 (ertGqful

rM
 \\\ iDIIEEI 5A'ET

14. AB5(g) + AB3G) + Bz(g),Kp = 12 atm,3ooc st'F[Etttt ABs ,fi 50% frr{l&Eq{r IJB,2}I
(tD Eftqrq{ c({FsfrEpst'fiq 6" qE {FrficfTq{ r

19 qd EFrflartr EI'f qg(r F{r.T 4s, q{ fuF{ rlalrd + "rfui S6q s1 a66as1* frds.i T{

rilt
r

E fiE$ qtcq, Kp = 12atm.

EteFlli{f, T = 30.C = 303K
:RI{ SFF, R = 0.0821 Latm mol-1 K-1
an = Bqemn< otb flFrc({JI - frfu'{r€ ffi 61q{$fi = z - t = 1
qE-dtqfi,
Kp = K" (RT)^'
<I, 12 : Kc(0.0821 x 303)1
(t, K. = 0.492-o1t1
.'. {f{JE {S, K. = 0.482 moll-1

E o2Rdr:rd (9 q<q{fff I

.r-€tT qffi frrfls{{f€f a, = 63% " a, > asltfrr$q+T|El<lgr{r

15.
IJB'221

CH,COOH q{l o.o5 M o.1M

CHTCOONa q{ H2SO. E+t NaOH r+i
fiAs Erq

m.L A {rq- B C
'i4
('D 8ft1*r.u, "tf@rE rizrl3r poH rFli{tF;r I

({) 8ft1*u 'o' "fI6Er E-Icq {rrfl-dr {frqf.t 's' <l '6' qfm{ srrt $rm c+trrt qr< fr
GIFt
"irar
pH "lfur
d-Rrf+tqlr

E H2SOa "+ 2H+ + SOl-

H2SO4 qTl{:IEfi = 0.05 M
.'. H+ ,qT \;Erdlt [H+] = (2 x 0.05)M

rt = 0.1M.
I .'.Ft[.i!t pH = - log(0.1) = 1

; pOH=14-pH
=1.4-L=L3
; B qt@it E:ttrEI pOH
= 13
E 01 T( {r:fd ({) qT q-is'l r E€it @e = CH3COOH), qqtr{ B € C r{tEFr{ ffi ,{fis € EF

IMm
r

\\\ 'iB{6mqulErBsrFtrn... e
 <pllsl uErlll

CH3COONa-+ lCH3Coo- | +Na-

CH3COOHi= CH3COO-

r6. frcr*frftmB rzooc Et tqltf* q<( 1.5 atmEtrtll$l<q'{qtcqI ICB',22l

ABs (g) + AB3 (g) + 82 (g)
q{tr{ A € B er qfm-{ 6fraT qR {FrKqI{ ABs 300/0 frr{lG\5 E{ I

(s) Eftqrsd fifr 81fr r Et"l 0. 48 atrn qFT'ftmw xro

1
$
{r{" -'tfi B-$str( frrss'i e? r

E 02 {( Er:t-{ 1n) q< qqset r

Ans. {ffigfirc{151;NfE1 , o, =o'9r" , 100 = 7 0.770/o > 3Oo/o

.. Eft"rcq< Rffi< EI't 0.148 atm <{ foTlq-{ {lqt <9r< r

a' > q; Elt frc$wfifEt <lvc< I

17. lcB'221

80 mL 40 mL
csfrmm* 0.1M
HA NaOH
E<"1 E<.1

AB
[Ka -+ 1.8 x 10-s]
(ti) A "Itrqd E-{"fd PH eFHt Tlt I
(s) A € 8,fl@'d frBv wr.t {f5rl-{ Hcl mFt F-{rdI pH er qfuT ttfiB{' 1fuq-qRmt't e< t

E 131( Erfd (tt) e< w1m"t r E-S<: pH = 2.87.

E Eft"rco-< a s B frEE s-{rq, HA + NaoH -+ NaA * H2o
NaA q?n'lit ffFI Rrllt, np",q = 40 x 10-3 x 0.1 = 4 x 10-3 mol
q<FE HA efrCEd fiFr{({tt, nga = (80 x 10-3 x 0.1) - 4 x 10-3 = 4 x 10-3 mol
HA q< Ka = 1.8 x 10-s
... funF q+E<t+t<&?rt q<(q<
pH = -rog(1.8 x 10+) + los(!$4) = +.2++t +bg(^.#) = r.rnn
,4 <FFK E{c"l3r Bqlq'FIc{ u<rq fig+c{ ffis qc{ ltr$ I

HA11qy
=!
AaO + H+
NaAlaq)+Af4*Na+
{frm1-{''ifuH HCI EqT H+ <FFRI E{["t c{Ft qdl E{, v6t E[s H+ ql{Tq(EI u{cct Rq"ifi{ A qFrTd Tfcal
{e q(rfix-ccq UvQs Rtlv He v1 EsoWFr{ r

HAd +AGo; HAlaq)

Grq HA u E&\ fi'rcv, qi na q& qTrir qfuIrcr RrlGg q{ qt & <Ftl3t Ftcct E[s HCI qfrs E-]iil
H3 o+,{fts ql{t H3 o+ q< {{rfEt RFIT <fq + r stt et <ffid Ezlclst pH
qIT qqffi\9= afrs

rM
1
 <Dftsl bn'ra
18. e+ERfu'ficrfl : x2y4G) + 2Xy2(g); AH : +ve.
IDin.B'221
E-re frfrm frffit {E or-+Slr Rrl&s Er -
O 2 soc \sFFIfqF € 2.0 atm Et[rt;
(ii) 80oC vt'FIfE|T € 6. 0 atm E[C'l;
('DEfr'frT<flvfrfu*ltv-or, c x" e<trua-oI{q&ffiqrtr
(s)EftrTs (D q\qrTqt q(( (iD q\q{qkr :rc{I r+Fr c+rar Es"ttfi -d qA{Ft c-{fr-s q[<? qtIEFT s{
t-rt
r

E wir Rftfi. X2ya(g) + zxy2 (g)

efrfrrm,
An= E\'[cq-d cTlqq$m frfr-{rs-{ffiE{(rl]t= 2-1= 1
mlETkrfrlll q.-{S = R€EffiEt= Tqffi
.. Kp = K.(RT)^, {, K,
= 11"p1
E Efttr+<fr&rt< mmm-{t{F, Esffi-q 6{FT{(fifrfr{rq{eEo <ft e sFrrffi,r.rfirrott,
cl{,lTtr
EIC'l-?r EEF[ Tclcq I qpm Rffi sttqtft r

frffi q"Rft qt sitb qc+-d {ft-s-d"f qstr<, q,qr.I Ifr TirF rFn&'<Fil {Fr 1fr r qq.o (D 4(
q{{-< Et"F{tfi (ii) q( cItrF c.i <'',T e€TEt (i) q( q{qF "ttr<
{Fus-{cs{ ql{ srr{ T6{ Eq{q-{ 1
BIC "nGr r

frffis Bs'ffcq{ c{FI }rstfi c<Fl qer< Tl<c"t ut't <rvftE E\"ifq. TN :rtct r ,4rFG c[,{r
sr{ (i) 4( q{qR
6F6E Ef',t' (i0 qn cIro R'f S':r r TFI (i) {( q{ql{ E\"|IR-{
{h tm, qk Epr (<ft aFflir q-{. (iD qF ffirq
Es{qRf{'{lrit,
B46T{q11-a6ap6e16E eEI{ErT-{F-<TruTqqsr c{, 6$Frq{t{Es,flq<FmreEr.tEsm<
esBqr*IBsfltn
slvtrqs q"rnBemsm r

1e. fr66-a ffiarqftfu-r c€E E6;1-d Eg-{ c.t\e:

-__---\ IDin.B'22]
F.--_----4 F-- ___,
I zomr_
n,so. I I NaoH I

I o,M I I 6mL I

I | | oosu I

'fl(- A eilo- B flar- C

ka = 1.85 x 10-s
(rD Bfttrqd B "lfq-* E-+t s c
"nF* U-<ck+ com fiEo <-sm frq gqrt{ ,o, q" {m fr{T F-d r

(g Bft"trqr (a+n) fr{ E<tqT eqG ftrq crc vt frr${.t Td r

f-E-<-l
I Eft"rrmn e cmq+.mfrfrs+-<m,
NaOH * CH3COOH -+ CH:COONa * HzO
.'. CH:COONa EzItrEt dFf C(1ll rrcH.coor.ra = 6 x 10-3 x 0.05 = 3 x 10-a mol
q'<FE cHscooH qt 6{Fr {sm, .cH"cooH = (1s0 x 10-3 x 0.05) _ 3 x 10-4 =7.2xi-0-3 mot
CH3COOH 4F K" = 1.65 ; 1g-s
... frqrl* pH = pK" a logl!!:!99!s =
- log(1.85 x 10-s ) + togJ}lIl = 3.35
... fr{w<cr< poH = 14 - 3.35 = 10.65

=Mil
 \\\ <PilSI 5nftt:o[{{ll{-o8
r
EI AsBfrrft"fdCSG,
HrSO4 + 2NaOH + Na2SO4 + zHzO
H2So4 q< c{FI c({lt nH2so4 : 20 x 10-3 x 0.1 = 2 x 10-3 mol
NaoH q< 6qFt)T$lI rru.os = 5 x 10-3 x 0.05 = 3 x 10-a mol
i. zmol NaoH (T {I(el HzSo, ftEFltom t mol
.'. 3 x 10-4 mol NaoH frfuatcr< = Ifl mol = 1.5 x 10-4 mol
q< ctc?t H2So*

.'.qGR-sHzso4qndFl{({fi= 2xLo-3 - 1.5 x 10-4 = 1.85 x 10-3 mol

H2SO* -., 2H+ + SO?-
1 mol Es"F q{ = Zmol
H2SO4 CqItrF H+
... 1.8S x 10-3 mol H2Soa calrf H+ Bq"FE{ = 2 x 1.85 x 10-3 mol = 3.7 x 10-3 mol

A € B qtGr E"ICcl-?t mb qmq = (20mL+ 6mL) = 26mL =26x70-3L

qftk@ H+q<qfiEt, tH.l = M = 0.t423M
.'.
#}]5
.1 frS q<['R pH : - logl H+] = - log(0.1423) = 0.8467 < 7
.'.wHFqftsErsr
20. ABs(g) +AB3(g)+ Bz(g); AH = + Ve 225oC spEfEI{ 3 atm Ek',t AB5(g) 4oozo frrql&\' E{ r

('D Efu-s( frffid qcFr{ fiH firt(T (Kp) q( {Frfi{'{ F-d I

(sl Bftqrcrfiffi< {llTs?nsrbqir El'FiEflir eFlrt l]l{,t T-{

rFt
I

E REffi' ABs+AB3+82 xx
"=;=1 [a=1] .'.4=x
4qfrqu-<ql: 100 qrsrE,fuq-{Tffi=ftr{Gsc{H
qFriKt: 1-x x x
fi-E{tq|re, x = 0.4, frlB5tet, P = 3 atm
ffin<q1TfrliClq{(rBI = 1 - x + x + x = 1 * x
P^-
des ='-*x
l+x
P- 1-o4x
1+0.4
3 = 1.286atm

Pee. = Pg, = *>< t =-!1, x 3

: 0.857atm
pes.Xp,,
", -
"p- PAE' --;"'*."=*rr =$x3 = 0.571 (Ans)
,*4*p
f, Eft"n-+<frEffi: AB5(g) + AB3G) + Br(g),aH = +ve, Grqg aH fi1q-r, qtfrGF$mqtftfrft{trart
{rcfr{tr<r fte q-flft, 5a11nt B-qt frfrrt c1qTFrqF etFFt sftq qfr & q'{{r qTF futm, 6qfl sleNli{t,
fitser{lTfllEt {ffi{F-dlq{, \o-r{cl(:r];tq{qFlvtr{<t<IFl qm\r-l-c< qR<6{c{, {Ffr'fl{<' {fr<\6fl{
qqfq{Elfi\5E{r
Eft"tr+<sPr{ftfr&rtFrc'
(D sl"tTl'Et Ift s,-{rE cErRqt v.l6{ {G{ qGr q<( E\'ltn F69 qr< r sFI {FII8FFF Kp ,CT {l{ 1fr 'llr{ I

(ii) sEqrq EF 4ir6{ cffi!<rql <l(rl Jr[T {16{ q<( E\'fin qH ?ll'r{ I {'FI {t5lr&<zF
KP q( {r{ sc:t {tc<t I

sfin <+< rftq<q <s cll] {'<r{-{ Sffi EII{EK qEk: log Kp = - -1!- x + + s<s
gt"RftfrfunkfficE, AH = +veq{R,EFI= -ve
sPi:nGt <v64 K; <169 q<( gH c"fFI Ke gl{ 'f13t I 1

T
6.{, slfifr f",tur. cN

rM
 <flisdrraftl
K=1.81x 10-
250 mL
21. 0.1M
I]I/IB'221
CH3COOH E{'r

){ 'll?I i{,lEt
(tD qT
"ttrq-{ swlir pH qT
{Ftfi{TTir r

(e) rr e tytt@rfiEow<q<irr-*Esq c{trsq:mHCl 6{Ft${raT pH qrTFtqffis qncfu :tjFBlsir I

r-E*-)
E lT tll64, S*"o, = 9.1 Y
IOH-I:0.1 M = 10-1 M
poH = - log[oH] = - log(0.1) = 1
pH = 14-pOH : 74 - 7 = 13 (Ans)
E l7T( {r:l3r (9 o<qlmqrEv*: pH = 4.523 q9lR{qsaFFGIr
11 500'c vt'tclqIn z Ffm sf<sr+* qFE <q'[@ xsfiv frffi fu: 2Nox(d
=
2No(s) +
Xz(d; AH = -ve
lctlFl-ql{ No, x2 q<\ Nox qd 1R'fl.t]qrqm 6 mole, 3 mole qrR 4 mote.l lDB',21l
(tD Efuq,'d frfrFTrd Kc qr ${ fi{T F{ I

6) Nox Gfr'tFr frrrtvl $ro * ft "tnrn"t ,S*t F-{t 6{rs 'flffirfst qd I

E zNOX= zNO(g) +xr(g)

qtl]{qFm]bc1-s{$lt 6+3+4 = 13mol
fs)'?"f1\
CElg{, V = 2L:Kc =.,,, i},, = 3.375 atm.
(;,
E Eftt+< frffi<
w1:[,Rqt( $'R EHflqT € El'['R eig.|-{ fu{ |

Eft'frT(RfrflB qs8\ok{R{rfr RfrFTrr RFrst{ cqB$qmcmRtv|r{{rn ]llTr q{q Ue,{tn cft Evi{
q{t qREr$ft{csrfrffiBsqtcq-{c\rBlRfu-sm-d mlE{$RIwtst c<Ft (an = 2) r vttRffiruut"t
{[TFtiE{lCm{lTr{t<tcrT(r{Fsdt\Eqfiq-{Es4m{ R|{ "tErr EtetEFrFrFEe,{kq<Bsqlqn1k'[sr
vtt l{ox dutB<frmrs{1fr<um-t6<retEost+{qt s fi{Et"t r

23.
IDB'211

(rt) TF Et'f{tEI{ )4( 'ftrErd 6irt6 10% qEfiE qr{ qR K. fu< O< r

(rt) ){( € qI( ,tt@-d fias E-{c.t {ff{ slir ffFt <rfl"r pH $ffd csftrfi qfuT qrs a? frds.t F-d I

E qqtF, c = 0.15 M + d = t\o/o = 0.1

HA + H++A. K= 100/o (t, 0.1
4qfi-smlT{qrn. c o o C=0.15M
{hFIQl{ GFPI(rtil: C - aC oC aC
g'c +

rE
K" = Ka = 7.67 x 10-3 (Ans).
 iDilT6r snqa
il HA(aq) + NaoH(aq) -+ NaA* Hzo
frS E{cq elf\e'ICT (15 - 5) = 10 mL gql 0.15 M HA cfrs frqrTF €:F 94 5 -1 0., M NaA 6FIGI TcmS
qdn ftflF
qsF qfi-s <tqld IE {r< r

HA,ffi dFItrrBl = "i:f' = 1,s x 1o-3

"
NaA q< flF[{(1rt, :
fi:f = 1 x 1o-3
pH = pK" * logl'* = 2.68 (Ans).
HA(aq)+H+(aq)+A-(aq)
NaA(aq) -+ Na+ + A-
$ld u<.t KoH RFt Ffl qr{, H+ + oH- + H20
K+ +A- -+ KA
sft HA (',g- H+ qF[ca< {Ecl oH- frfu-{t <;T d Hro eit+ om r H+ qlm-+<sBGqffi Haffisqs{I<
$$6q,FGIF6{t

16mL
0.1M CH3COOH
24. IRB'211
Ka:l.8x 1O-5

'[f4-e
(rD Bft{r$iT .B' 'lt6{'{ E?tcqir pH rFF Fir I

(s)'fE-e ERc.t ff{ts,qfis d$k 6$rrt pH qr{tarr+fint {fu{$rsftqt?<rHfiqdr

t-tts"-l
lNaoHl = [ou-1 = 9.1Y
poH : -log[oH-]:1
.'. pH : 14 - pOH = 13 (Ans.)

E olq( 'ndir E) q<\tr{frtr (HA = cH3cooH)

25. 250 cT6rFisl{ \if"I:IfEI{ 11 fifdT A2tfiFI 9 GI[6I Bz tIt[Td qllq frfrF{t +rd rtcT|?rq|.s 7 ml-6r AB rmT bs"I{
FrdTRfrTITAH= -ve I IRB,2rl
tatl EftirsrfrEF{mr{ Ke qd{Frfr{T€ I
(s) Eft"t[T{ RB nt{ ER-s Es'ftE Cl&d crm sPEliqt s Ek tit efv=l?r ffi +q r

E mEEHPffi
82+
frfu-{k e-s'rg: t' 2AB
0
LL- ..-7
"..-n t\ x-;
{liBFl-{lil: 11- x 9-x 2x €clltrt x E6fi A s B q< flEfrcfl&vc$Rf
{clRqEI: 1r -i s-Z2
,.
7

'
'2
;. n : 11 -i+ s -i+7 = 2o :.K, = ;J{l-.- r.rez
(+r.(*, =
E q{rr Rfrrt ,4sF w{F,{tft RftF$ r str"flsffi frfrFff{ Et"Frfiot eFi s{t <{ lllri<rt
Eris \rlc.{ {F {t{ Cqt
{r-FArftO qft, Er"ffq qfksEvFc{r
qmf< frfu-<-+ rg ESftq-{ flE Et"l wl{ (An = 0) E€-rtN q( {IqTl?rqm €qir El'['lir Esm cst r

vttqfr'+Esqln- aIBFEIqll.olnyfi-$T elslE\s uTc"r<yFttt of r

qffi-r-*esmfror"Ruqt..
a,\a
\\\ <I
 ilIsaI !e'l3[ : oFfiT-oB
26. zPQ(d + Pz(d + Qz(g);as = +yt<,
{rd TI€ 6q, fiffi
qTfr <n qrur {$Es <qr frfr'{rs-d fialfrs "tR{tt za ffrq q<( mrlirqE s&E
$qe$66sqftqt{Ct frfq; ICtg.B'21]
tD Efttrclqffidq*Kp € K" q<{c{rqFFTqtdqB&Iqqr
(T) Eft,ft-s-d ftffi c{FF fuq qft's qRTFt Es,11q'
"tns{t 16r Ef frrgst +-* I

E zpeG)+pr(c)+erG)
.' K. = lHP...... ... (i); Kp = '",;;!o, ... ...... t,rl ABs qT {{ffEf = [ABs
AB3 q<E;FIIEI = [AB3
n=}-f,=cRrtc=1"FrtEIl
AB2q< !;ICIEI = [AB2
L, [P,][Q,]R'zr'?
'tP -- tpalrRrT2
Kp=Kc(RT)An; An=2-2=0
Kp = K. (RT)o = K.... Ko = 6. A1figc{n qq-S I

d firs €s"ttn $ 6ftE sT.ffi ft&r qwjr <itrtit n-d Rrafl :

eqtr{ RfuTr e E\fiq-< mlE qrrBt qqFr r stQ qq qwl{qk €ei-?r EIcqT qsR c{t I

sr<r< eF eFF st'Rft Rfr-fi r qrFr, ff$lirqm q"t EEIH cfqjr{t vrc{ qm sF r qdte, Es"flq eFt Eq,rq q{ |
qt Eoonq frfuit< Eqqlh qfr{ qfi$r"r
"6sn1 slr r

27.
[Ctg.B'21]

s
Kh:l.8xl0
(rf) A -'tt6E-d E-q1..lir pH ffi:p1 r

(9 Bft{6$? 6-'fl'rffi u<rtqffis qRqFt qE <f Tl{ 6{Ft SstFI Wr[.13r pH {fiF6{ Cr{ ft qP ftr$s"t {{ r

r-Ft
E toH-l
: G;IT:T= V1il 10_s_ x ol = 1.342 x 7o-3
poH = -log[OH-)=2.87 :. pH = 14 = t.L3
- 2.a7
E nNH,oH = 0.01; nHCr = 3 x 10-3
NH4OH + HCI NH4CI + H2O
frfr-qke+' o.o1 3x1o-3 -+ 0
{l{lI{{l: 7xl0-3 0 3 x 10-3
poH=pK6+logffi=+.3s
pH=4-4.38.=9.62
qfi ,{sF TlftT <ffid E<.t {t qfu E-{c"t frc*fs scq qmfio q*,
NHaoH(aq) + NHi(aq) + oH-(aq)
NHaCI (aq) -+NHf (aq) + Cl-(aq)
qq {fu HCl ,sfie cqtr{, H+(aq) + oH-(aq)
=
Hro0)
qat 1RTt(!t rR mtrt, oH- + NHf (aq) + NHaoH(aq)
TFI<I{FIG|II pH ,S{ {fr16q{6ilr

rE
 ollg6l){rlll

NH4OH+ I OH- l+m{

NIl4Cl + cl- +

28. Eft"I{FqF{{l ISB',21l

(i) PCI5G) + Pcl3G) * cl2;aH = *ve

(ii) NzG) + 3H2G) + 2NH3; AH = -Ve
(rf) 450 K sl'fffEttr 1.5atm EIC'I (i) i( mr' fttFfltrd frfr'ss 25% frr{l&s <re r, ffi o* r

(q) ffi,fc€ 1) q(frfu{RE"Bst'Hat € Efrq-{ qsrqqtcEltu-dTir I

f-EE< I
E 20 4( Erfir (ti) ql q{fi{ r Usd: Kp = 0. 1 atm

E Eftenq mn<fr'o frfrrm cml-{{TEif'mqt s u[c'r< eigR frqlcF I

El'Fn-dtk e|grit: qq-s'frGF{tF ,ssE Erc'fi\"fift frfr'{rr +Tr Ef i q6{rr{ cTnTFrqt {t6q )r[{ {F wtq E\qf[[d
qFrrd EPI EM sil qffi ffilRt slr{ {GI {EI qcl\ frfr'{rs.d qfu{ erc'fl{
'lR{l{ EE 4l{ I I

E'f['I{ QsR: q"ffl Ewrq< crfi$lt frfrrr+< vcsT$ s{ (an = -2) srq fiq q({I['f cFBFrt UI6{ {cI {fs
q{R uu. eFt Ee{fi\t E{ r q|r[l-{ EIel EIc r<l E6{ cEr{t <Ic:I {rd r|{ | qdt\ Gq"ttq cft E\"F E{ r

29. 1. 5olo H3PO3, HNO3, HCIO4, H3PO4 ISB'2U

(rD Sft"1rr-d eFiT qfisfr{ pH +F{tq{ I

(s) gfu-sr qfi\sarqtT &<sf< er ftds.t :F!t I

[EET]
E (v) H3Po3
1.s%o

W=1.5c;V=100m1
M=82; S=?
W=svM+S=0.189
1000

H3PO3 ,4< qEY 2

lH*l = 2x0.183 =0.366

.'. pH = - log[H+] = 0.44 (Ans)

E \flT{Iqfi,
filqfu qfiisq'{r{{infuw "nU{@ efisr{tEd co-S'* $.Il$sqf<"f c(rtil rrE eFt & qfirEd q-ssl EE
mFtq*r
(iD ffi qfr6q{ 6dtT
'r<qtt( rFflqs
qErt {$EI wF q(E \teFr 6r-0r fl<rttn qFFEt {lit qF edrq Eld
{1q( @T Ifr w$11-< 6{ qfrrs{ fu ss c<Fl qr r HrPOr, HNO3, HCl4 \e H3PO4 q< @&{ "RwF qti"t

c(rBI {ar@rc +3, +5, +7, +5 q<( GrCP N qdEFFF P q('fsl CqlErsrqCq,Sficsds<sr<qXqC< r

H3PO3 < H3PO4 > HNO3 > HCIO4.

IMm \tc \\\ lR-{6ffiqur6rBcrtffi... (f

 ipllsl DEIrlS[

30. Eft{rF{qfqtrsfrc6{ q{arqFBs-dq-fs r lsB,21l

{tq-Y

('t) "nq- X 4l Frl-<r pH

tFl-dl Til I

(s)'tEr-Z e {TlT qffiE t qfrs{sEr ffir ({Ft

cIFtTitFI pH cltrEt cotr+ 1fuq ccq ft cl-q frcdltt F'{ r

f Es<-l
E tH+l = JKJ = 1/i3t 10:s x 0-5 =3x10-3
pH = -logto[H+] = 2.523

E 01q\cr,:l-{ (s) qrq{s'trBg{: HA = cHscooH

31. EE &n "ftm cq{EE frftmt fir+"t, IBB'2U
(D N2 + 3H2 2NH3;AH = -93k1
=
(iD 2NH3 i N2 * 3H2; A= *93kf
('t) (i i) x qfi -E-qc"t N H3 q< frr$q{ ql?r 200/o \F,
$tFt Ek't Kp TE?
(tt) "rrE Etr(E fi 10kJ \rl't cIFt q{t E{ sr{ E-v-smrq NH3 qd 'ik{tr|3t 6{1I{t slifi5$' 'Gqftv qr{ a?
<rFtt{dr

E EIFI El-c't P = latm

NH3 q<frr{fq{{]i4t, t= 0.2
2NH3+N2+3H2 a = I1a = 2l
ETqfr+: 2 o o
NH?q<fr({[q-{,x=2c
2-2u o 30
cqfbfrmGs dI-q = 2a = 2 x 0.2 = 0.4
qFrFr-qF: (2-2x0.2) 0.2 3x0.2
:. n = 2 - 2 x 0.2 + 0.2 + 3 x 0.2 = 2.4
o.z /gro.zt3 ,,
|-
...K-p =;'\-,., " =2.93x t0-3arm2
(Fzroi)- x(
E {ErEBFEpt (1okf) scrFtT<tqcqE-qrm NH, {fiqlrkElnsrT'EI-flNfrfl(ftfe' q<clqrsi?rillBfcttlErr
(i) r( frfu'{tB qrE sk"fl\"ttft frfu'srr E]t qrflTqm q{ ErTlrt Tlq,Kt <R{ {({ {I{r qft ftR NH3
ffisqm N, € H2 q {RqE?Erq{R I.tH, ,s< {RqFtElc "fNr
(ii)q(frfrTlB,{TBoPRftfrfuqrrffilr{qFqrEGttlcFrFrqtq'r{cr{sRrq{sl,l, sH, qt,ik'{tcl1fr{ttr
vlQ qfi sm, tE{ffirqi 10k, EI't EGrlc'f NH3 q< G\{q-{ gFT "tFrolt t'tH. q< 1fu[.R EiiiE$ cqYII ${ r

32.
0.023M
50 mL
Formic
7rnL
5%oNa2C03
Solution
l^.,1 IBB'2rl
Acid

A
t___l C

('t) B{@IitFwErpuffi+-<r
(s) c "ltrqd u-{r'lir ptt ffi t{o ftlc.tE +1& ftcn t +-* r

qffimqwrRse+tnrt...
\\\ e
 \\\ <DII$I
'EI'I3[

sx (fl Narco, w<.t <fr,

sgW = 5g
WICQ-< qEts;t V = 100m1
M=23x2+1,2+16x3=105
w=# +s=o.47zM
c{rqE Na2 co3 qTF fr-qft{ sl{ r lwlq toH-l = 2 x 0.47 2 M = 0.943 M
pH = 14 - {- loglo(0.943)} = 13.97
d zHCOOH t Na2CO3 -+ 2HCOONa * H2O + CO2
NarCO, €TS:0.472M
i nNa2co3 =K = 3.304 x 1o-3 mol
lHCooHl = [H+] = JR" x C = 2.03s x 10-3 M
i' nucoon - 2 03s:i-10-3xs, - 1.0175 x 10-a mol
2 mole HCOOH 1 mol NarCO,
=
.'. 1.0175 x 10-a mol HCOOH:)xL.OI7S x 10-a mol NarCO3
= 5.0875 x 10-s mol NarCO3
.'. qfi&flT\5 NarCo3
= (3.304 x 10-3) - (5.0875 x 10-s)mol
= 3.25313 x 10-3 mol
:
" toH-l {r.*:!E#$ xzM = L.t4t4sx 10-1 M
poH = -log[oH-l= 0.9425
.'. pH = 14
- pOH = 13.0575
q\3-q<, frd(6lT eFG qrE IFlfti r

33.
IBB'2U

,p3
F
B
lr
E
E

tdb: 'R{ttd qfi ffi1qlcB-tr TtT T{r{I rr{Nr{ q€nf qw ir, Tfu {r.ttqrs qr< r c{R, et[:t 300 € 3s0
q"ql6{ -300 € -350 qr{r qcf c ts D q{ {l{{Frfrs,T(fi>FrH
fi€Trsrt(Er drlgc{sr vtt qf v{r
q{tn c(3s) 6s Br € D(s3) € r {-dl ltf{rrl
(rf) c € D qrEl8Etfrsc{rq{Efrqft-ss{st<rFmqd I

E [Cmc € D q{olBl.{Ftfrs{$]twl{firg{lElcqrcqttq-s.{T{r.c-ltq{pEl ,cqmc6{rBrs D s I {fi$irr

frcTHSre HI qrEfcqfufr{sf {rlrBl<riTf FT:
qfufirs. +s'ol <rq 1fus e"rq frffFq r +fr-flfu {E 6<Ft qrE qttgtfrcEd H* .g-iFt +ir13r qT|sl
Et{ all6r r

Br(irqFFk r q({st{':rq€TFtH-Brq<<{-{.t&H-tqfisl6<Ftq6{rq{sH-tqr,FFFErrqrsH+
EIFI TirN 'fl6r I slt HSr qT ft<\5t HI qr'tSt:FT q{ I

IMil
 <fliTdrlnftl
34. PclsG) + PCl3 (g) + Clz(g)
1.0 EEErilrE{(qEEfrfuirtBcsvt{ Cr{tutT-dtEr-{ftRfrftn-sEs,fltr lR.iEqTq<(vt tEM{-{tEr{ftR
Es,ilE Rftnr+ qfrqsE*r Pcls e< AHfra cq1-qq\rfrt 1. 0 € ct$l-{qE clz qT 6Tf{rR{rl 0. 5 I
tJB,2tl
('D E&RE frfrFTf{ q-{ K" qE {Frfi{T s-{ I
1t1 Eft"firo-dfrtmttr* E r* ctlrl{qE Et"t s fi["rd sEr{ <Il{ttts(t
r-rt
E PCls + PCr3 + cl2
4qfrEqEqmmre. r o o a:x=0.5
CI{I{q|{I6{IE: 1-x x x V= 1L

CFrrr{-rlEfilEt: + ; ;
K" = tcl'llf:l'r=++sry:= o.5motl-r
' lPclsl , o.s

E Ef ir-+<frffirsctryRq1{El,F11-El e 51qgsm<qsF{Frqiq,or
ffi16q i5rg 61sft.aq
rctu e< frmrwl Rffi
eFE Er"Rft Rfr$ | sH Eqltrr ql{rl{Et \5ttir {r{ {m q{B
ftqR&TsBq'lIm qfi"tuqr qRlsl'tAr{qF]l-{t<I[{w<{trq4s REEs"|rrRfuaro qfi"isEs
1 I

:
q{lr{ E\{rfi-d cflE c{F-{r1]l frfu-T$ <E 6<FI (an 1) Qoffi 5fa1 ELq(rf clIjI{qr <l.cq qr< {T r q{\ ftR
gs'flE frfr{rs ql{l<Et{qtm fiTK{uIr{qL<{KqdR ftEfrfun-rBsefisq e1frqsqs1
"iRqEq{I
35. uB'2rl
fuq*
MOH
30 mL
0.1 M

elfo- r lrq- rr 'llo- rII

(tD Efrq** , *'ftctitErlc.lit pH uFF{t s-d (K" : 1. s x 10-s) |

(9 Bff"fts{Irri\"tkq-dE{[.tfi{t$qfiqFtqF{tTfdfrEs+lrcErpH qn-+*fi'oqqfuqqr{-<il{if{{I

E HA(aq) + H+(aq) + A-(aq)

[H+] = !/E x C = fi^8x 10-Ex 0t = t.342 x tO-3M
pH = log[H+] = 2.872 (Ans)
E 01q(E6fir(s) qlq{ifi'tr

36. 6s3 qa {l{fl.lfra{(fi:PtfdFcT- 1€ 7

lcB'211
,n2(g)+B2(g)p [xGI+vn
J HzO

Yq<Kb = 1.7 x lO-6

('t) o. oolM Y diB{ pH cFrft{T{-d I
i d"tBq"nq'ffidfrffir Ke q< ?tRrFrf qG'tlq'{q{
rEm
1n1 Bft"fcqd I

l9o \\\ rffiffisEirrBm"rrtF{r... e

 UIT6I Dnftl : Ulr$IT-oB

E Y €i K6 =x to-6;c = o.oolM
L.7

toH-l = JKb x C = 4.123 x Lo-sM

pH = 14 - {- logn(4.723 x 10-s)} = 9.62
r
E Ar(c)+Br(c)+x(c)
q"II6{, A = H; B=N
,4?ftrt
N2+3H2+2NH3 x{Frf q?flEfrrslq{
N2
ftfu+krrcs: 1 3 o 3x (6{t H2 q{ mBfrcillq-{
{[q}|{qK: [-x 3-3x 2x
q"t[6r, x frr{fq;rqET
mFmfq{qrl-il n = 1 - x * 3 - 3x + 2x -- 4 - 2x
( JL\2 ,pz 4x2(4-2x)2 (2-x)2
_
(-f,.(.,=u"_,.),r- - (3-3x)3(1-x)xP2
\1-2x/ L6x2
^, - 27(1-x)aP2

c"I|C;r P = c{lbEI'l I

37. 25'C \5t'FrlEIn atmEt['ffrc*r ftEFTlFe r" q?{Ft1.815 x 10-3moll-1

e 1.S
ABSG) + AB3(g) + B2(g);AH = *40ktmot-1 lcB'2ll
(rD Eftttcd REFrttrd fir*q-{ dEf{ {F ffi vl r

t$ RffiT ct{rt{t{ b,r* q'mqk e r-lwqf* qgR- <f$t€ I

t-Ft
E AB5(g)
=
ABr(g) + Br(g)
fr&'sRE-Tcs: t 00 o= I 1a:tl
cFriR-{-tl: 1 - a dc c=x
ffiq1qai{it n = 1a q
6snf q[6Q K. = 1.815 x 10-3 moll-1
Kp = K"(RT)^"
= 1.815 x 10-3 x (0.0821 x 298)L = 0.044 atm
q
-o2
+ 0.044=%- = fi = o.o++ - * = o.ozs6 + u2 = 0.0296 - 0.02e6u2 ; q = 0.1 7 (EI'{)

., frrfr fi*#;EI q : 0.17 (Em)

E frffi< !;F[ard esl<t qr.flIga-{ ftft? fiqlrqr rFfil +til rrls

cEIrrqI{ €,Er EteFrtEI \e r

ffi"no< frffi
q"Rft RfrF{tr stt clff'ql'T \ot"t EqF{ s-{t <q qt{Kqt u|({ csfiE Ers q4R Es{q'
qko Es"W <q q<( Et'j:rrql $rc Rfr-ss mFt Bs"w Er< I
qt<R Rfr{r+< (ABs) $rfl-qr
$ru qnjm ulr{ {wlfiE qcq q{R Eqflq qfr'r EsoI{ qnr q<qgtn
Cq{rq< mcIET 1frco clall<q <t5r {GT rtm qdte, frfur-r qR-s Bsfi qcr r

38. ZYs(g) + G) + Y2(g)-Et"t

ZY3 [Din.B, M.B'2ll
zYs (g) qR frr{Isr{ {Ert 030 qiR frE Et t I .0 atm.
(rD Rffi*xo qd{Frfr{rq{r
Eftimr frEFflF cqm fur< {6(o. qGlFt&,tttr dsrtltr<r fremc<

rEm
1t1 r

ts) qffiffi qsnsftur*hrrrr...

\\\ <f
 IUIIIGI }EI ,I3[ : UITIJIT-O8

E ZY5fu)=ZY3G)+Yr(s)
a = 0.30
Q!FF: 1 0 0 6{Ffrr$-q{ x = aq = 1x 0.30 = 0.30mol
ctIFtt:I: 1- 0.3 0.3 0.3

6Tlb cqFlqi{rt n:1.3 ; frFEf"i P = I atm

x" = *e;il r) = 0.0e8e

I9_1, r'\(9_1x
atm.

il q"rsrft RtFfi{ ffic, cll]1<t{F sH sqFrr{t E(E {l{iFlt sft;r it[< ffi q4s 6ft Eqffi E\"|{ E{ |

q<k, q{tc{ Ln=Z-t = r qft Esfiq'{ flFq(fi frfu<req olFlftlll qc+Frf sftr qe DI"t Erfl'ruf
ff$Rt <tc{ cr< {-:r qdtq Eqfiq'{ qfu{ RpI'ffs I

q[srq El't q1-gftEr <t sfirq frEFTld fl{,W{rqd 61T qffi{ !ffir Kp qT {Ft elei{fqk "tfr"+fi eVT {'fuT
sFt-s clt6Fr sirB es qffT.{ct q-stft st"Frlqt qrgrcr q'Rlft frfrF{IT cFus{r{-< {Fr <lCVr FIrFGI Kc =

ft# *** [yr]\e [zy3] e<$r<9rqtff{,!.-{s K. (lvr{rvltEl'FrliEt<tgreEt"rqfftfr&rmBs,ifc[d

t\ q6qlct <tcg t qFrld Dt'f <'{rE Kc lF?I elfcs I ffrs@ Et{ s{rq qFE-{ <Irg q<( Tfl[il Ttrt, Kc q< <lFfqFfl<r

r.' = t'v#['] -*u qq{EI Frr${vlt K. Er<r il{roBsqEc< qRqFt 6ry sI{ r Elt frffi q(9 {rfl6
IzYsl
qftqf.t Eq"nq'flv{rd 16 fr{EPt s Er6 qq{rqT I

mL o.-ftMl tr-o-mr- otMl lxTVl

re' lE-o
ltqrffifr{qfisl loe-.cqu I L---l IDin.B'21]
YZ
K" = 1.8 x 10-a
)_
(rt) Z-qtrffi E?CG1-{ pH ffi<+qr
(q) Z- "ftcrir u-{rt{ffi{ qfut qfrs qt$r{ 6{I'tFdrdT PH $ffd r+nfi qRq6{ qr< ft-4lr ffi q-q r

f-E.r-l
E 01 {!. {eFI (tf) q3 q{tr'lr Eg:{: pH = 3.72

E ot R Ecrd $) qr q{ffi r EEir: HA = HCooH

AB5@) + BzG); AH : +ve IMB'2U

=AB3(g)
(rt) ctff{ql.t ABs qr a filqfrr{t&sErdT Kp qilTtFr{tlltqG"itqF[${r

E ABs(s) +AB3G)+Br(c)
Elclfrs {-{Tlql I aerln fllb frc{]-ffi = frrms{ {tEI
QSF 1 00 x=(l
{I$f{qllt 1-q d n
.1 n=r1(t(ffi fiFI{$I),<R,aEun P
L-.,
$ q3ffi flrE 1 mol {GIl
Ko = + = ten'

rE
 <DIIIEI bEI'I3[

IMB'2ll
\ cFf
11 t7
'rft\rX
1
1 P
3 a
4 M R
(s) P,Q€R qr{istfroEd rdFrFrsTt s-i I
-)
(-Esr
E €qltrt P qC-{I F, Q <EI CI \3 R qTqT Br I

Eltglfiw<fuft6(s'[swrFrFr{-<ql?Ftrn<r €'Fr qrFlstrKqrsl<r{eel{

'fl]T{fi,tfusu1fr "rmr +rr
H+ q;H q qfrqo +<rs w"mr{o sko .t&< er{Iqn <s r F, cr \e Br q< qFFlr<< q5{ qrqt F < cl < Br r slQ
HBr vsil{uro cinD-r{ {qrq H+ qEl{ q.fH {s{r q{ts Hs. e< qs',-t c<ft cc++ eFns< q'sst H+ qEH
ITr{il eF16isl-?t €'l{fi-6om r

.1 Eltglfrrqd6-<sl<qq HF < HCI < HBr

0.002M H2c03
42. 0.025M HCO' IMB'211

{l$!!rTs
[HzCO3 qT Ka = 3.98 x 10-7]
(rD Trs-d pH rFFfi{]t I
(s) Bfr"rs E-{G.t ffiiI ,{fis qt F|fs mtrl $ircar pH c< cFr 1RK6E Er{ ft-fi - ftrdlll Tr I

E pH = pK" + rogffi = - Iog10(3.98 x ro-7) + Iosffi = 7.5 (Ans.)

E q1l1r{ {rq-{ <lts,l{r{E <ls.R fr(S{ cqrllr{l qrme I

11 <re'r weurq-* {Iqlr{ 19 <€il: qrqrq{ {tq] cr:Fr: qft-E 6{{ aq oqcq q?FrI Trs con+ efi-s qlfr{
E<.t cffis efE qdR H + qtrn {s qrq rc-f HCot ql{{ qffi frH]s ftfu$ srfltr< q.fiE q{ I

H+(aq) + Hcot(aq) -
HzCO:(aq); Ese14wqffts1{frp.{frs (HrCo3)
"ir< <r s Co, ,tJI.Cq ffi tfi
qRqs qs r
TcT-6Td rt$rq fr s.fic{ co2 T@ ET r

(iD <16 .FIT q,rq-{ {t[rfi {c q€!1: qa6fr6a $RsrffiT <l \3d{ Er{E Er r.rq <rs oH- ql{{ 1fr
c"ir{frcflsfrftTIsmq E{fisE$r oH-(aq) + H2Co3(aq)"[q]imHCo: (aq) + Hroo) -
,4ft'l Trsd <lts(rdb 6ffi6 qfi-s <lTF wr.t Tcs:t pH q< TFr 7.4 c< Tc{] FRfrs <krt I

MOH tto6a66,3
0.65M l5mL rc-+ot<&E-o
43. cfiv
MO HqT IDB'191
6Y..20 mL
qlqfrs e{ 40 ka=l.8 x l0-5
elIE-) flTE-t
({) {q-) € lrE-q qlE-<ElqnmfrEsr{c.t{rl-s ffi{tt{ffia qfiv 6qt'tT!(qu-{.t-d pu qffis
<q A? CgErd E-sd ffiB-qv-tr< Rc$q.t Fd

rN
r
 ill$6lSErlll

q<q{m{rEs!t:
t-ffii
E 174( efcBt (s) pH = 4.723 q1fr{qeatl<Er<rt

44. MXs(d + MX3G) +X2(g) -st't; q{Fr, MXs qdfrr{lq;NlEt 80% ,s<(frfu{t 'tt@{qt{g;t 2L I IDB'191
('DEfurcrftfu{R x" ffi€r
(s) BftftT{qtrrrtrs 6sFr.kgqR'sBs,tta "lteqtrnt<? ffiq<
t-rt
r

E 34 R efrt-?r (tl) e< w161 r Eg.* 1. 6 moll-1

E 18 q\ {r:F (s) q< q{m1 I

GG
ll4mrll6hrl
I I o.rM II MoIt
o.rM I
I HA 5+I I 5+t
45. l--:-:-:l + l--------l
I

lRB',r9l
[::=:-::.]
\=;-z
F- ;= -:-.1
\=_jj-l
A ETI B Er.l

(tt) AFIc.k pH qjt {FrFs? [Ka = 1.8 x 10-s]

(s) A € B E-fi.l-d frfttd eQ& pU +'r+r<rFrm frr$s.tqtr r

r-ffii
E HA=Hi+A-
pH = -log[H+] = - log(ac) = -logJ(x C = tog1v13 x 1--0-s x 0.1) = 2.8724 (Ans)
d 0l{( 9f,;f{ ('t) q< w{s4 r Eqd: pH = 4.62 < 7 ;. frqffi qq6 qrFBt E<tct

1.5atm
46. AxsrO
:fic AX31r1 * X2g;;AH = (+)ve. lRB',r9l
dlFf{Frtb't'ttc-{q{ I
('D Eft"iIs-dfrfrFR.tT Ke

fql Efttr+ 8fr1!s frfu*rq ftrt{tr S"m teatftq fiqtT+,afr{ :rqtr+ ersf++ frr;nt.t p-q r

t-trs<-l
E 40 {( qef{ (tt) ,41q{fr't t

E Eft'trc<frfr'sr:
AXs(c) i AX2(g) + X2(s) OH = *Ve
ctlr{'{ ske[* erER: frfrstB st Rtftr stt q"mnm 1k +<r-o frfu$ vtn sr€i-rK qcr cq{ofift Rfu{k-s
g<tRs or< r vt< ronxm eM T-{rE erdqft frfr'g g4p. *,
q,rljl-{ q{ qr
'RtftT mEq(rBI E\"iftn 1fr {r ott rt"r <tVtrq frfr{t "tfF, frrc
cffil?rqlr Etc'R Ssl{' frfurm
ul"t gm c<rn frfrm {lTfld ftT € \TqT{ E{ r

r:-
I NaoH I

| :o.l l----
lo.1M
tt
l: nGY'- |

47. (_, I

\__j, lCtg.B'191
J J
I(a= 1.8 x 10-s
6{.f-I S{.r-II fid.f-iII
rmm c 6{ft qfiqrot qfis 13-$stn Trrt tfr{6 frd

igm
19 frqc.t 6{ttt pH ar r$ItrTt cr< <rl.tt Td r

qffi-l-*qs,rrftwflElTt..
\\\ e
 <PllS[ ]EIrl3[ : €FIIIT-o8

fEE"-l
E E ft"rco< w<qsK< frqq <lTk E<ct et€s srd qlsF ErIrcBr I pH{Frfimefrsr
HA + NAOH -+ NAA * HZO

q-<tq< frifc{ (30 x 0.1) mili mol q?t6t NaA s (50x0.1 - 30 x 0.1) = (20 x 0.1) mili mol €fru HA allGt I

ufr 5,fu efru e w wffi en-+< <+r< u-{"t E{t qft{ <lTrd E{"t I

<lsIrdil pH = pX" + togffi = - Iog(1.8 x 10-s) + log19l91 : 4.92

qa'Frrdir qfru rRnt't: HA Efu qfis fr{T g<c6r fiEt ffi\r- E{ q<( ftR qHFs Erqq|.t ctFF {I3rr q
<I{Fld U<rc6l qfr q{F{i qful't efis q4q H+ C$ GIFi q<f E{, .e-$r E?Icq;t H+
qLFlerqt u-{cq frqIqt{ A-
q:rr{iT {11"{ {@ qc{ qF\e qR-s qfuq qfrrilt&s HA Es"i{ T-r< I

H+(aq) + A- -+ HA
66q HA E&\fu!t{i E1n HA qfr {fl{I ffift"| ffiE R{r qGks ci{@ H+ wH Frcqir {{JF
{i
qfi-E qfiqH a- qT{ sm sHflRE E{ r G Fl3tc't Errrt pH {Ft R< .nro r

<Ft {M qfis fft['t: aFFf< E{[Gt qFfl-dj qRfit qfrs 6{H F'-{r{ pH q1]r R{ qlrs r fuE c<ft "tfutr"t efiu
csFl s-:rm <Isld E?rGl c6-€e-t(< $,M 6{r{ {t I

H+(aq) + A- (aq) -+ HA(aq)

+ ,4< qR{Fl qq{ A- q< qfi$6f CIq qcq€ g<(ct q&fr-gt qeHfis
H {< Fft q(E qS H+ wE{EI atf€r< | 6{6q'@
<FFK Frc{-:r pH q< Ers{'rqFti qffi
s6< I qdR, pH ftst ErJr nl(< I

48. lCtg.B'191

.E
frful{q$iB
25"C Et{srrdtm € 1 atm Efr"t A q<frr{rq;t{Etl20% I

(rD Bft'frF{ qtrErtrs fiffi? x, ffi +-q r

({) B qr qfr{Ft lft rFirF vt fcli{t € fi['R qr@ ff {{r+* qfiRgq Ffis qtrt? zfi{n +T
(-rt
r

I -
o*", 2oB

T fi{]Frw: 1-a 2a

.'. P6 =,-o**g x . = H * P .'. Ps = (* r r)

la2xP2
... K,' =Ii=
Pa W=*"v:ffixl
*j:..:rP l-s'
=0.16667(Ans.)

E Eftqr-q<frftnF: A(s) + 2B(s); AH = -ve

EIC"K ei\sF: fr&TtB EPr Bq"fift frEFTr r q{ Esffi frfrFsF Et'FIlEf Rl{ TIIFT Cl{IFrt vl-r{ sreFK s{ I ER
Eft"irs< frfr'{F s q( {fu
Ifrr qfi Et'ffiEI Aq s3rF qrE I

Ef['f{ esFr: frfur Ssqlc[d 6{FT {$tilIfr "lFr

qft e€ qlTsra utq th
{R{Ft Bsqm "fiTr
qt qks
q(firsqFll{qtrrcdFlra B q< qR{HIfr Tdr<rq{q B '{< qfr{Ft
1E<w+uttqF TiICeqr<r vRrq B
1fr +<rs vfmo 6 6H g1-q F-d(o qr{ ffi r

rE
 \\\ iFilTEI 5E qu : UITBII-o8
49. Efr'ro:
HA B(OH)1 HC
D=X-qfq +Y-'iaI
200mL,0.lM 50mL,0.lM l00ml,,0.lM
Ka:1.8x 1O -6 ft*l< l(a=l.1xl0 -7 E =Y - 'fldl +Z-qE
X "IIEI Y{m zol@
) A,B€ CdEfrsffi{F;mr
(O EftqRr x u-<.tF* pH ffi qr r

(s) D € E frfi {Rd {c{, caEF <FFlir E?r!t q[<?

'llnB$slr{ frds.t Tr r

E pH =- tog r/t<" x C = -logJrS xlO=e x O.t = 3.37236 (Ans)

*
E 3.Hf +
l!gyl",
--+ 3AB 3Hzo

... 5 x 10-3mol B(oH)3 frfu{tItrd = 3 x 5 x 10-3 = 15 x 10-3mol = 0.015mo1

3HA + B(OH)3 --r AsB + 3H2O

frfrrsk e*[s: o.oz s x 1o-3 o o

ffismf{, -o.ots -5x10-3 +5x10-3 5x10-3
ff{I{{Is : 5x 10-3 0 5 x 10-3 5x 10-3
.'. 5 x 10-3mol HA s 5 x 10-3molA3Bq<FEqllro l

D '$GI <I{FR U?tct I

...

*
B(OH)1 + 3HC--+ BCr 3HzO
Siroi." 0.01 o" 0
.'. 5 x 10-3molfrEEttsGI= 5 x 10-3 x x 10-3molHC = 0.015molHC
3 = 15
ft-g UC VtCeO.Or mol TFFTHC 6{rrq[T AfFre B(OH)g q-<FE qrro r B(OH).ffgBase rrFFT, E <l.FBrFr6trt I

so. BfraFr:
(i) 2A + 382 = 2ABs;AH = -700k1
(ii) AB3 + Bz = ABs;AH = -140kJ
('D B*ltTd (ii) Rfiffidq;t Kp € K" qT:E{Icq'6 qft"itq-{F{ r

(g ABs rtt{ fifunt sEe1Rffi a q"Rft-tft'tr{-d qfiFfr{ frrdlot € r

tr 26 4( effir ('t) qT ql$'t I

E (i) + (ii) + (ii) --,A +

: B, * B, = 43, on = (-299 - tno; o,
+a+|nr=ABs AH=-490k;
6{rqpAH 1tqlqs, AH qft
Asr 'J5qfrfu{tgk"fi\'fifrr
51. Efr4q; x1a; + Y (s) + z(s); Kp = latm
,i (rD frfiFTtEd 300/0 ffis q*ro +s,!fiTFt rl't EHtFr qrc vt +Fil Fd I
: 6 Eftlrenfrffir+ 1. 2 atm EtrltlrEr x qrt.tv<FirtrFs\Tfi Fnql&vw<? ffiG-+strsfrGmqd r

q{fr'l r Ans: P = 10.111atm

r-Ft
E 02 T( qel3t (tt) qd

E K, = #+r= 1.2 + r - u2 = t.za2

fix
, o' -- .1+1.2
:'t : :, q '- 0.67 42 = 67 .42o/o (Ans)

IMil t9\9
\\\ affi-€EErrBwrqwil... e
 ipilsl )EItlll

52. lB.B'191

E{ri-I E{.I-tr
(T) E{.t Etrdfid[Grd pH {trm rHFr pH cr]r 1 FEI-tr Hct E?Ft€strq q€eqdtq|fl <tfqtw r

t-ffii
E ffiaqsqffifrfiq<, pH: pK. + log* = -tog(lo-a) + Iog-l: 3.69s
HCI q<$Fn-Et = 10-3'6e8 = 2 x 10-amoll-1
.'. 1.191 ql qR'Ttct = 2 x 10-4 36.5g : 7.3 x 10-39

s3. Qa6ErBs{tEr{dEF{q&frstrt:
eFFrq\a
qttcq
G) C6H12o6, 2CzHsoH + zcoz
------+
(ii) C2HsBr + KOH CzHsOH + KBr
so_AA
ftfrsq\.t
Az(s)+B2)G)=2AB(g);2Lqkvrq-d'lt@[4s0ocEt't{tEI{RtF{FcErt{qt{Et[qtcTl]r{q|"sffFc{trErd
10. 50/6 AB THIQ I IB.B',l9l
(tft Oan c\ili RGrsIE-d r.,rerF fi{rF.r r
8ft1*u
(9 tqTdr Sq{tnwd 6$lT "ihfrFftFr csRtrdiTtc{ rrErsrl{<,Ft IF{ r

ArG)+ Br(g)+ 2AB

WFraao
! {1Tfi{QlT: a-x a-x
6{FI C{Ft: = (a-x+a -x+ 2x)
2x
=2^
Z*=#"2a;x=0.105a
(+f lxz
q?rl[e. i. --
K. :ri3
= /a_x\-
4xo.loszxaz
= U.U55 {Ans.l
{a_x)z az(1_0.10S)z
\,i
E 5{ 6re. qBntm6a1fr. or = 3*#** x 1000/6 = s1.110/6
i{ c'+q,- AE = Il'!1i:il1!!'l'i : 27.B6zvo
12x2+S+17+?qr+RO
){ ffiGr AE C<FtR€lrtn ){ "ffi GFr 6$FfE{{rq qfr-{{lqwI"l{ r

54. qlqq[Er€T$drJtfiqlflT qEE- e ,{{stelir flFmrs+tlElEryt lls{r{Effi 0. 06: 1 r{-qqa5g;q pg lFrqrqt 7.4 I

"1trrfrPtqs{ftFrq-{E{,{R&$ffic"rHEr{ft,{fifisfuffi[,td'EleT(sirpHlFrqfuQ*qr+r tJB,19]
(rD Eftqa EII1r{ rEEc{ Rqrffi qtF{ K",$d TFrfi{TF-{ |

tg Eff"tn d <{ffito nn {Fr Qq qrcfd +tT{ RHs{F-{ r

f E=r-l
E pH = pK. + logffi = - logK" : pH * l"gff# = 7.4 + logg!9 = 6.rru
... Ka
= 10-6.178 = 6.635 x 10-7 (Ans. )
E 42 l\ ErSd ({) qE Er{fret

rMq
I

'\ qR<6€qvrmBo"r!m... (I
 s5. 2M(s) + N(g) e zLG); aH = -ve." (i)
o(g) + P(g) + 2Q(g); AH = +ve...(ii)
IM, N, L, O, P q<\ a 6fiffi{ ffi{ir] lc.B'1el
(D Bft,tms I m,ffi[s uAEs T.drE o. oorM H2so4 E?t tusfiqTt qQE-{r"Rr poH qTqf{fi{Tlr{l
(9 O € (ii) i\ fifuflir Eq'fitr$T rfrfrTd <tfttttrs r

f-Es<-l
tr H2so4+zH++so?-
.'. pH =
-log[H+] = -log(2 x 0.001) = 2.69897
.'. pOH = 14
- pH = 11.301
E G) 1\ frfusl: frfrrt Eqtft, qi sn$qr ${ F,r{ Es{r[{ Ifr s-fl rTr I qwr qrB q\Bt{Sq st"Ntqt
w
F fiffi q<co qsr RfrT|{ Eq'flmd mlET c(?Bt $Tr E.rt E;FEIc't $q"ll.m qR{Gt mFt q*r frftTrc< {{qlql
) <lg[rqE\"ttq<tryl
(ii) T( frErst: frffi
q'Rlft r v]t E6' EI"NqlT q!]Rt str{ {c< sqfi Eqe[([{ qRTFf 1fr
"nr r frfrro s
Eq"iftn< cqrq{$mq:rFqs{t.tEt(eti{ c+tmeM{ GtRffiErfrfuTr-c<qlqlql<Mr{be,{tq.Rvr< I

56. lcB'191

K" = 1.8 x 1o-s

(ft) A {BK E<r.lir H+ qLrtrK 6{FrF T{$qlffi {d r

(s) A s B {rcrd E-{.ttrFfifls q-q6q Eqc.R +1G pu fi{n-* rturr frr*sotF-{

t-rt
I

t; --
lH*l = qc : '@A :
JT,. - V/["c: Visx lo-srTl = 7.34x 10-3mol L-1 (Ans.)
E .,
E 0lq( 1leFr ('t) ,fi q{f i r E9<: pH = 4.5686 ... pH < 7, ff-<t( frEs Us"tE qft{ eqG< (Ans.)

,E
e
tE
57. ffie;o: /\ lDin.B'l9l
A2 +81

R&-fl qs'ltu
(tt) Eftqrq* fiffiq qlqi sqro-d rtFtTF{t eG"ttq;r a3r r

E frffi,42+82+2AB
s<frtrlIEI$lrd,cryfrfrFnt<AanrqncE{frfus{ufGm't, Rr< [Ar] x [Br] <t R1 = K1[A2] x [Br]
,
"rfls frfrfl< qT nr {6E "Fufq frfurk i&m"i , no x [AB] <1, Ru = Kz [AB]
2

CFfI{{T, Rr = Ru iI, Kr[Ar] x [Bz] = Kz[AS]'z

mQa=1
...{tllw:rs, * =
##+2+B \,la x=(t
frqe{: & + Br2 €q-ff q<l x cq 6sFF (r{q]< T[-< Qirc'ttq;l <'{t{|r< r
(1-d) (1-a) zd
r' htotal = 1 - c* 1 - a'l 2a = 2

-.=#'=s =#,*, -- ,-,"

v'o,
--
(4)'*Y'
(i*F; - ,'-",
4..2

IEm \\\ qffi-.reeslmho""tetut.. (G

 ?pil{l6l bErtst

lAtl 8.',181

"IEI-A {q-B 'fiq-C

K" = 1.8 x 10-s
($ "ifqA (?SrErpH eFFtt+nt
(s) c qkalltu-{c.tJTlfftr"tfrfi.tHCIFrtRl'tFdrq & u-{rl3tpII{l(IircsttrIlqk6Ts[-{a? {ff&{str{
frrsqqc-rr

I vm<tffi, pH = -log[H+] = -loeJw K.=1.8x10-s

= -tog(./rslTo-x:3) .'. pH = 2.67 (Ans.) c = 0.25M

E CH3COOH + KOH -+ CH,COOK * HzO

sml 0.25M Sml 0.25M
q"Ffrdrct tKoHl = q::nl!I: 0.125M ... IoH-l = 0.125M ... pH : 14 + log[oH -) = 7s.os7
q u<qB iFrq sk € E]-?r s("ld u<cr, gtt qE @ftr[ <fsR E-{cl T{ I

firqg qE <Ffllr u-fi i{, c{rcP qt{fir qR{Ft H61 Cslrl q{rqt & E-<l.td pH q< <fi'rs Rl{ Sr{ I

59. (i) 2SOz(g) + O2G)

=
2so3(g) + Et't tAlt B.,l8l
(ii) Nzo+(g) + 2No2($ - vPt
,r"6 st'fqfEl s 1 atm stcal N2O4 ,{T 25% frr{l&e qfr I

('t) (iD q\frEr'$trd Ke qFTFrfi{rF{ r

(g ETrTtqt <lvlrdr 6sFr RfrFrEr c-4R's Es{tq-'n\s{t {tc<? frrSs.t T-d I

-l
f-Esr
E N2O4 frr$Giffii Kp q< fi{-
xo = #t !9J! t 0.267 atrn
=
" =
f, (i) 4(frfr-{k q{, AH negative € (ii) n( ,{< S-{i AH positive
Et .ftFfu-r( ftG \tr{{l-ft, Et"FiqI <Mrq Et"Rft REFntr 6sca ffiTr<qi rqr{ cr-T Etq{tat Ik< F{FF{
q.{fr5 Ffl6a qk Et"t Es"11ft frfunF ffica E-6t lR+ :rtr< r

vtt (ii) * Rfr-st en-+i q6p. 5** "fl\siff {Ir{ I

EFtliI, lnK = -4x 4 66151. fsl{ffi

1n6 = *r4I
+ consl tr-tc'ftqqfftl

EGIlqir

IEil \\\ iffiT{arrJrlBorttw{t.. e

 <MIS6I an%[ : U[rfnll-o8
I 60. rmEfifrgl{ Fra"tlstqrfrEF{tFfrent: lD.B'r7l
N2(g) + 3H2G) + 2NH3(g),AH = {Fflq-$
('D Eft'r$ frfrrl{ x, fi{r+-* r

(s) Efi"r{ Rfufl Ers xrdto Eq,{c q6a1q frry+t c-*

"ft€rR r

f-trE< I
E 36T(elilF({) q<q{fr4r
E 04{(eff{({) qFql$'tr
61. ID.B'17]

0.lM 50 mL DH4OH tr4Et

Kg=1.$xlQ-5
rfldr-M
'ttdt-K 'tlE-L
1,r.e o e< {Rtt"tfr+ {(fi $wF6q 17 s 7l
(s) M 'flrq"{ u-{rt qtIlrry qftTFf €k qfis <I TRr mFtc-{rq u<ct{ pH qT firlir r$toriqfu{lim A?
frrgsotp{ r

d 2rq( Er:R (q) q< q{s'r r

62. (1) AzG) + 3Hz(g) + 2AH3(g) + st't

lR.B',r7l
(2) Az(e) + o2(g) + 2Ao2(g) -qet
t't) qtcTl{qF Efrqrsr RftrtlFco ufr< qsR q[(artD-{t F-d I
19 1r1 s 1Z; frfuir< gtqTlqt 1fur{-d clc{ Irt:BFE Kp eT qfuT rflG(EId {f{r{f cmts I

r\-
E bfr"rrc<frffifirfi:
Ar(s) + 3Hr(s) + 2AH3(s) + EIei
Ar(g) + or(g) + 2 AorG) stet -
qqrl frEFfi Efr{ Es,nq' .e frfr-sr EELTii cq\o w{EI qm< ffi[ar Ek']_?r qq?r elFF,m r eF.t:t frfrrsl
'ij[ffT Ett
<s qlTfi cq-.r(E "t]i m, + mol frfu'{-o celrs z mol Ee,{r'? Es'F qr r q{ts ,{€ qmvr{ 6H em {T Elt EI"t
qcfi[rtRfr${|T6{dfrr{qoFrdEsrfri-Eft-q={Rfrtrtrqt{sBk csFr 1fti<{{carts q frfr-sl3rEk"lf
rofq efsFlTltr
d Eftlr-+<RfrxrAtr-
A2 G) + 3 H2 (g) + 2 AH3 (g) + Ete{
Ar(s) + or(g)
=
2AozG) - Etct
qrffrq (i) i(frffi
w,fls"itft frfrF$ r ft-E tO qrfrffi sprqrft Rfurr r

sltt<q<q+s?tBfmqr[dtqfi, logKp = --3! 1gaq

Ellbqmr qft-€.t erF l<-q?iFts c+sfi I Tsrf( tog Kp <+lT Aro d--+re a-<emln ,Ir\ert {l{
I I

(a)losKpI I
1.,
I /tl
O) top KD EEfinrft
(rr frfultr q{r 6q{) I (l q frfum
1+
T
'-r- 6nT .q'{)
T
--
. = (;*LJ q?trtrr, q<qn <tqNrcftfir,rtqfts{F ffiqsq{l
IE ^H
 <TJIITCI UEI
'I3[

f{.t- r + ETf-
63. lR.B'l7l

E+t-r 5+l-tr E-+f- m

('t) fuSq<
rIT(ETc.l3r pH r

cr) mq\u<[ctq-qffiqqs+31611-csFtTirt{rwE-{c,'lirpHqr{fr<6Tc{d-lfu-fistrd<]Hilq{l

(ii) n( wc"i R[r${ 15ml 0.2 M NaOH

NrsH qft{ E<rt frc$6\,-16{ ffis q-
NaoH --------; Na+(aq) + oH-(aq)

qr{g 1661 11rg11qp l mol OH- qffiES"i*qlr qdls ,4(srq oH- q< {{fiEt = 0.2M
qfi, [oH-] = 0.2
.'. poH = -logloH-l = - log(0.2) = 0.69897
qr{.:If qlfr, pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 0.69897 = 73.30

E 01 "t\ {m-?r ({) q< w{sei I

qffi
cH3 cooH t' |
nl + cH3 coo-

CHr COONa ---*Na+

cH3CooH q-qglfi\o

64. (i) Az(g) + 382(9) + 2AB3(g); AH = -ve lR.B',r 7l

(ii) PxsG) + Px3 (g) + X2fu); AH = +ve
('D Bftqrqd (iD {( i{fts-{c.ld Kr-qr (fiTfEt ffi +a r

rrt
(tt)Eft'tt-<F-dfrfu{tql.T{qtcr$-{r{-{E REI'NEI{EEFrqrqmsrT6q-{G@d{t{tTTEf <f{rl:F-itr

E 40REm3r ('D q3q{-sel r

E Bfr'rrq<frfustsrfixmq'
(i) Ar(s) + 3Br(g) + 2A83ft); AH = -ve ; (ii) Px5fu) + Px3(s) + xr(s); AH = *ve
qrffi ){ Rfr-$F qrqBffi s rr qtqrft Rtmt Rffi r

vant Holf q< {ft$ncf E(E ql:KI qfi,

Iog K, : - -- iI- 1 g'44;

= -Ve CdIq Rffi

,{?Iltrr AH EE"ltS9Ilft <rq we-d {FI {{lqs ql-m q<( ,4rt,rq Et't{]i{t <ivl-cE drdrd {F
glT'flT q{rs EI'FrlEl <lgEE frffi c"r€ ftr+ sl{ r

:
I illEA tN 'lA : UFtlIT-oB
I
o,'| ,/
,/
_El/l"o*"'a
ll
I -+
m=-r.oo-3l-,AH{<qr{1rql\frq€Tt{4{fts'TFrt-{qq{{r

'rslsrd, AH : +ve ydh, Et,Rft frfr{t <rq Etrffi {FI (tcfl\rs E{ Elt Ef'IqliII <M(E <FIIWS WE Ifr. {T
q<( Varr Horqr c.+s_{"t SF
"flt, tosxe : (ffi x
} + r-++ r

t.
y=mx+cqliFlfiEtr

I
v
oo
s
1
N ......- l_
T

qld qqr<Q Et"icffi{ wq {|qJE-+o

q{H, AH q<
{FqFll-Esq{r

{qfu r
rt{ fiqs +erFI EFr q< ffil-fs

t- 65. HA+ H2O + H3O+ + A- ICtg.B'l7l

K" : 1.8x10-s.
(rt) 0.1M {lql-{ rrA u<r"l* pH frItR*-* r

(It) Eft,lCTErdRs,qFrutrd q"{E {vf{ u<.t lqR rrd q? {'Fl-{ fufi <rHfi Td r

/-\
L_s-€<_J

q=tltrr, HA+H2oi H3o+*A-; Ka = 1.8x 10-s ;yfmtffi, a=

E = 0.0134
q<( [H*] = Ca = 0.0134 x 0.1 = 1.34 x 10-3

q{R = -log[H+] = -log(r.s+ x 10-3) = 2.s72

pH

E Eq-s qFtsBca k" : 1.8 x 10-s ; etr qsfi E{8.{fi-s I slt q( fr [Tfw{ {fts-<"t <{,
HA + H+ + A- ,{<<FFldfr$frSfr"i:
HA + NaA qr{ Eq.g qfrS q{<l$lT E-<"t I HA i= H+ + A- ; NaA------, Na+ + A-
H+ 6qIr't: A- + H+ HA
=
OH- fifr{: H+ * OH- --------r H2O; HA + H+ +A:
qsltrr R15FE Ht ffi A- q<( CSFF9 OH- m H+ q{FE s[-< e<\ Ersfq-{ q{Ift Ha ffiu 6+ mmg <f cmfiv
(oH - alrrD qg r Fm Eq[.i< pH q1R-<68 qmo e<(FqF <f+m frmr< +m <r<

IE
r
 frr$d onft[
lsB'171

&r

({.sF 5200c st'lIIEt q?R 180 :tt{Elc,f 22%o AB3 qf[q I

'll@
('D Eft,irs{frRqttr Kefi{rFd I

(s) Efrr€ frfrFfiF c{r$ fi,v-lrr rdt6' ftl.t Bq{q' "It€{t rfrs? ftrssot T-d r

tr 3l q\ qmir (tt) ,q3 q{tr 1r E-€it: 1.258 x 10-6atm-2

E 04 4r. ECI-{ (s) qT q{ft't r

'tM H2SO4 0,lM

IMNaOH
E<'i ETI CH3C00H
[(I
67. ABC lsB'r7l
CH3COOH qT Ka = 1.I x 10-5
('f) c
rrt
e[mtu-<c'E pHfi(Tq{r

c {rE< wr[6]-< rl{l{frs E{ql{ qdlq eFrsF fix"*rtfrc-st&E <s-

cH3cooH+cH3coo-+H+
ffis!fi ql[q, CH3COOH q< T{TfEf C = 0.1M
CH3COOH 4{ K" = 1'8 x 10-5
H+ q< !;rfl-41 [H+l = qC

[H.] = cc = [H+] = 7.3476 x 10-2 x 0.1 = 1.3476 x 10-3M

pH = -log[H+] = -loC(1.3416 xl0-3) = 2.972
... c eltcli u?I[.R pH = 2.827

68. IBB'171

(rD Bft"fsE<lfi pn fur<ffi +ar<r

(q) Eff'rsE-{'.tffiTqfrertTRr 6{FtT{rqu<c.lq pH lfiRgscrqft? Fk HcFRr
r-rt
E 01 4\ 'rtTlit ('t)qT
yTs"I r Es!t: pH = 5. 046
E 0l T(Er:R ({) {4dq{mqr

I- t8e
\\\ qffi-{dqvimft6r+lart..
<I
 SII{61 5EIqE:Gltffi-o8

KO9 lBB',rTl

E1
E x2Ya(g) :2xY2@);A H = +54 kJ
&
ctr{(s) --------) (I I)
(r)
({) Efr'rf 0i) qr Rfu-{tfr Efel € EH{|{t qm erqfre q{- <f{rt F{ I

il Efr'r+ (iD q( q(frfrF$B, xryn(g) + 2xY(g); AH = +54 kl

qt RtF{t{ E i6d stt \e Et{ Bsrl( €rr,-Rt <c-lTrq I

w'REFR:
q{I6{ qFrfl m'{fts'IlQ R, ql frfuTF AH = +54 t<] r VdtS frffi
st"Rlfrr q"fl({ TFt slvls G "fiT[ct
.tfu ilcrt IEF Et< cErg Fr .lfu frrfu S{r qF glt frGFflFF gtt eflfrv qtr ota st'l er{t{ s-{rdt
{fi
Rffi{Tc{<frr+rlr<r
,k |3t elsR:
qT{r qfi, frfrr+ e Gs"iffi c{Ftr<t cqs q{.qr
'fiIftT + <{ & Efc,rd rFr Esl{ etl6F il I qrllr{ frfu
frfrr+ e sq+ttnror+< rdoq<q1T 'ffiTq<qi q frfu{rd ffiG[Erc'Er Esl?rilsarqRfrEFTtqrsqr-?f
"flt, l mol EI6S 2 mol e 9lRqE qcRlqr q{8, E\"rT'm GFr c$Bt 1fr c"mcer TrT, q€ qlTsr{ ET"r Ifr
crcare r qt e frfu'ffi EIt Ec{Ft Fffi RftflE clEffid ftrf ft< I

qF qqr<e E-q frfr$ qq e utc"r< B"r< F#hq r

2N2Os=4NO2*O2,AH=*Ve IJB'17I
frfuqK o, qd qqqlql {{r{{ ftet fiq'frrq qfiKGs E{-
JI{{(mrqs) !;t{l-Et (mol dm-3)
s00 O.22xlo-2
1,000 O.37xlo-z
(r) fl€lTiI 6{tt 16T <TIqTI {:I I

E Eft'rrs<$IftTEg{ftfrffi: zlrou(g) + 4No2(g) + oz(g); AH = +ve

e frfrF{tBErsET+{ m,
). r.or"il]ftffi$,
,{T6 qrFT6 g-\9-Trf FrdFfi, e. qmE{Ifr"{I]lsr{{&r
frfr$E <E ir{tw Eqffi {vl|< q-{r frrll-g d{E q-{qr{ s-?rrs Er<-
qvrT{q sit N|ET; frffi q'rqft
qexm er-{csGrTn ftC w$tft sti:rEI <Frer RfrF{t? c]I]l{ql <ic
clr$' uFt frcF nT{ s-ir< I F(EI No2 \e 02 Eq,{q;I 6@ <lct r F[-c"r< q{i ElswliF E{ qT{ qsF Ef'FI|EI
,{rsr6fr[<GsE{r
qsrEtqrt't: {ntT$fq{{Iitr{'.tI$frfrqt€q|trsr{{ qqEHlrd(qrTEqQEfq<|9tcqm-{rsF[-T'{ffi
frefl< c1cil{t wq ({6a {r< <tT frrs sfr{ r qp Ee,flfi-{ qRqH qE "ll'r{ r otrqt fu unq frffi
q{qI-ft
cqqBeqm No, € o, Esffi{{r<lFqr{ I

Ss|{{: frfu< qErt{g{ Et"I{l,Et \e El-[4 RfrF{F G 1ft +r< ws ffilt-+qF cfrqf6R qii E"E(F er\,-Frs
TFrql-gqs(gqr<,
lR{t,'f 1frO-<rsqF I ERr{SS,ftn\s qfiqffi<Vr{

rEn
!;HfEt: E"I[ct NzO5 C< r

\\\ {ffitdqs,crftg"rqF,rt,. e
 <fllTdl tEIrlS[
71. Pcls(g) + PCl3(g) + Ct2(g),AH = +Ve ICB,lTl
PCts ftffiE 30oc EpF64Er 1. S arm Etc"i 1solo fr6fl&s qT I

(rD Efr,ltqd frffid Ke qr

fi{T T-{ I
r{Fr
(s) 4$trqlT RfrTlEw vPt e utcctir ffi<6c $rq Es'flffi{ ffiTtrcld {ffi{ llb ft 4t? Rr$s.t T-{ r

tr 20 d( qrfir (rD q< q{-sl

rB-s{: Kp=0.0345atmr
E Eq-sfrtFflEcceI, pcts(s) + pcr3(g) + cr2(g), AH = +ve
S"tr<ts frffi
sprqrft I ffi]l{qtr frfr'{Fr stt fire ftG qrrr< wm< qrql{ qr{ ft'rs
st-.ffir<?
Ilr{ {t(g E[q:nqt $< +nmn affis C{ r 6srq gt"relft qt
frffi gtq ftrE clcrrd q{qFr I {frl ulH
cdB E\"ttn pcl3 € ct2 e< ffi{Ft Ifr I qF ft{
Efq:rldtt qlc +-<rq {l(TJ{ q{ql{ <fGr {Gr <r< qells pcl3 s
cl, frfu{t Tr< pcls Os"W T-fl< s Ec,'tlh. Elc
"ilm r

qFll-d, frEFrl.rt frfr{s stftT q<( frfu{-r et[E lmor e Es"fiq 2molr vli Efet Ifr +-rrE
e Es{q- E-STR
qlGU< q{qlT <I(q CI( FR-T EI'r Ifr( *eF'q EqfiE qc{ {|r{ s E\'frq EM "ltc<r r qFfl?r EI,t Etc crr{ {lrT,ir
qrqr{ vlrq {r< FIrr Esfiq<'ifiql.t
$ fi(q \e Et{ ekffd rqfsEr qifiE q6T {tr{ |

qc<tq$oI(<<14TE{lrd mr${!r R, srisRfuTEt-ltrsGRftrrftB< erwsBEr l{ldst-.tlNGr1r_<<ftG

q{qt.<,48 frfuT Er{FEE st'f € El'('tir T(EE\"fttrq {fi4tfiREE q{ I

csBmqrrBr
72. cilsl E{.t ICB'r7l
A {rq B 'irdt c {rdr
(uD Bff'trq< n efaK Uscq?r pH R{f{{'{ r

E Eq-s' B "llcq qtq @fi[TIErn qd1s 0.1M NaoH Frct r NaoH qFE q{ Tl-?r r ut ter u<r"t l{mq wffio
q{ I {qfi( B eit6(i[ WrC.lit <l NaOH E:Wlir pOH {raTt,
poH = -log[oH-] = -log(0.1) = 1
qlr[dl q]fi, pH + pOH = 14 ((FGI, pH = 14 pOH
". - =L4-7=13
:18-dl( s9r(-dts rfct{rrn-< $6 B E?trGR pH q[EI 13 |
'lIGtT

t 3. E;;I
,sq 6n10.025M
NaOH
15OmL 0.85M
cH3 cooH IDin.B'17]
I &=1.85 xl0-5
B
C
(tt) (B + c) fr{c{irpH +F{tq{t
(q) (A + B) fr$cl-{ erfG ft'-s't qr{ Et frrsq.t+qr

f-E=r-l
E 0l r("r(lld ('t) q<q{mtrqg.d: pH = 1.804
E A qlret <rnrq 20mL 0.1 M Hzso4 q<i B '$rq nralq 6 mL 0.02s M NaoH qfilr<r fiEE qsm crs6s
frffi crfl, 2NaoH * H2so, = Na2Soo + 2H2o frfr'fi q[g fi"lI:IFI, 2 mole NaoH l mole H2so4 rq< qtBl
frfumor<r
q?tet, 20mL 0.1M H2SO, (20 x 0.1)mL 1M H2SOa = 2mL 1M HrSO,
=
6mL 0.025M NaoH = (G x 0.025)mL 1M NaoH = 0.1sml 1M NaoH
{5<l(, 0.15m1 1M NaOH EsFnffi q;II qr-<lW f,mL 1M :tl 0.075mL 1M H2SO4 I W-{ts ftlc.t q<FE
aFFr{ (2 - 0.075)mL <[ 1.925mL 1M H2SO4 r

c{rq e{r fts frEF{T fr{cot 11156, q<FE cllrs of arc 1a+ B) frcttct frq,]{F q'{FE H2so4 q< Tcdr
firFtBr erSGq'ft{qr< |

IMffi
 \\\ <pttsl Dncrg

74.
:)a
l-*-1 k;-1
I 25.-L I I t:mr I
IDin.B'17]

Uu;
,flq_A
tslJ ,nEt_B qTE-C

('f) ,ilE A Ft[clit pH R{t{:F!t I (Ka = 1. I x 10-4)

(s) ffi"tr+'< c {rqqtqf{, Hcl mfrtq{r{E-{rlir pH rffiqqc<ft-+-erqqqfrrss.tq< r

E a"tlm-<eFrsFfr[flEsE<ffiqs- HA + H+ +A-
srqgfrmferg{s K, = 1.8 x 1o-4
qdn qE qsB :{E,rfrs ort :f<t"tR ffis qr< dr r

HA +H+ + A-
t=0 C 0 0
t=t C-Ca Ca Cd
Cc.C(r Ca2
u<fu*1+1tl.r<, r, C(1-d) 1-(t

Eft E&rf<rrETfr{BI, - a= r .. o =
1
;f
qFIk H+ = Co = C =o.rr;@ =4.24xL0-3
qftq pg = -log(4.24 x lO-3) = 2.97
E u Tq. 'rc?r ({) qlt q{s,i I

s CQ: 6{g ffi €ff € T{{f EST. +

ERtat s Bwu= qT-\r-Em
01. NzG) + 3H2(g) 2NH3fu); AH = -92.38 kl mol-1
=
('t) 2 5'c st'fclq|{ Eftqm< frffi<
Ke qr rFt 0. 3 74 atm qrq frffi? K" qr qI{ fri{T F-{ I

6 qt-.ttrefrrtr<<ftGqrq.|{{rdgftollT-{fifu{r(E'Bq'ttq "ms{I(6.,-itcrr,-EfuF{aita-++'qr

E q{fr{,An=2-4=-Z
T = 25C: 29aK
qrr$ qlfr, Kp = K. (RT)^"
+ Kc = Kp(RT)-^n =0.374 x(0.0821 x298)2 =223.867 lKp = 0.374atml
.'. Kc q< IFt 223.867 mol-2Lz.
il Eft'tr€ Rffi,a+tr Err"rs,ltft frfu{r I p<B st'r{lior 1fr err Er-qRro6{E ftfu smIr{ q Rfu'{|{ cF]Rql-{ EK{r{ <N
frrs {nE&E q{ qi\ NH3 c< Estm om {* I qrl{'fce strFfEf qqH <{FI vt'E1-Et\qt6c{ errs qrfis s-dr{ q{r sH Bs'ltft
fl3 qfut1fr'{'{ tq,I* q< qFr qt-$trt{T q{ql vnfrr+ cm lt* q< NH3 q{ Bs$q{ Ifr {'{ |

fu fix smrom vr<m RfuR lGrct,ElT,ttr <rr t\itwwd EK tc{ ${ r v1t $ fix tl qI<R $ EEE +l,er+ qsntr1"r
Ef,ffi{ (450 - 500"C)NH3 B\"fiq;r fit qr I q EI'iqaEr {re|Tq+F fifuTt {r{{ qdr e[e-lr.F frfir{ q|[tr{ (<\ €lv-].{{ {{|f€
Rrqrs rft-<(gTm qgl?s <Frero qr I

Etql\9t fiffiIE 1 6{FT N2 \e 3 c{Er Hz 5fiq cqrs 2 cqlq NH3 6il1'{ Bqld Effiq, qdlq ql]E.r TIrI ctt[E I ql-.l|rcfrfi< ftG
qflr{ fift* frfoqm EI{ qcfiEt FdT qF qRE{EM c,tr{ e(nFiTs En R efgf< q.iGv er* cq'* I qK ql{s-{qqq r-{(g qc{ qrc{,<
qE{r* srr+ crd $( qft, es{in fi "ll.q r Elt EF EIrr q,Tmfrfi{ B\{E{ 1f il{ I ct{ltrlE 200 <l{{6{ un smt <*
cr66. "lfiEl"f NH3 EvF F{f qT I

fifr{E- EESi aqlr EsPflffi{ E{qqt {Vr{ "f'dqft fifuK ']frfi"rrqn'rElqtefufi r { T?K s-{t qfi.Ilfr{r E\"lTq-ffi{
cm cm fifu{E{ ctrs Eqnq qRrl n$ qs r qt <mv* EfrFwtd

IM
r

\\\ qffi-'r*qvlrr@*tuqt.. (f
 qlTdl inqEl : U[rlIIT-o8
02. cor,fficu EftVs Er$ H2 Co3 Sq"f{ +ct { rtFR Ch6q1 {re3 pH frt6q TGI I
(.D B'furc EfrRs' qfrsFd 0. 01M u-{rl-{ pH q-c r IK^ ffi
= 7. 9 4 x 1o-7 |
(s) Efff (sT,qFlgB *r-n< {E<[Er{{ TrF{ p H fr{&.t TcO frrSq.l r-q r

E ,s{r6{, H2Co3 + H+ + HCo3-

or(fi-+ qfiv q\ti6 I{qqfrs r sE q$firqlsri{mr qffi rnr* Bq'r* qm r

t;
.'. [H+] = qC = pH
= -loslH+l = -logJKJ = 4.0s
JT.C = rtx"c.r r

E {rs F>n$E (po?-) Tffi, <qs6rqb (HCot) T{<F s csrE* <tem fu-srs wo 6fi I ft{clr*r oarF+ 66u
qIfrFT qFu EIil ?Efr {rs-{ <tsK fu$r frG{ fiTm-{s? pfuq qr+c+e qlr pfro'tl{{ <rrd {rq {ffdr{b
Frfio .cfus-{ {-qK 1 q'fi(vld ?qifu{ {qi qFmT qrd:F q:t qlq$ {qr <6{T qm I qs qlqT {qT qks
ffiffi.t,{cr"rd rrFI {rs m,m qfis v1qT E-+t efifrs eFI qdrq H+ qw{ c.flfrgi c({ EI6er 66r,|E cTiTr{
g{lsqa I

H+ + HCo; --------- 9166,

Eq'rd <slfi-r qfiE' (Hrco3) qK{ ,flfr € co, Rrqr< ft[fl&E q{ r

H2CO3 ------, H2O + CO2

firfuq{ rrmEvrgqmfuf qK (.ts q[FiI<Fr<[EEr pH = 7.4 n|r{F?GEE{
CO, {ryWc3rnFu-r{q{nfi-{ctccf I

qq<pfiF<Fcstr{lrtftsE-{.tc{Fscr{ettRsou-
Tr+<m H2co3,srcliStl6qrruco; TFr+e qfiEvw<< r

OH- + H2CO3 -+ HCOi + HzO

qfrR'scttRsott-, q E&rHrcvfrr-lftcr<rw pumz.4 qtr{r$Frfrs<Ic{ I

qel'GQ grg9. <FruF<rw pu v+ fr*u.t TT< r

03.
cH3cooH
50 ml0.2M
Ka=1.8 x l0-5 70 mL
c
('t) 6C'
{t6mE-{rl.{ pH (it {Ft Gl-it Tit t
E) A q<\B ,ff@KFtctrtpH qdY?rff{Tsfrd'sotT.{r

({16{, nsH,6eeH = SV = 0.2 x 50 x 10-3 mole = 0.01 mole

npzsg=SV =0.2x20 x 10-3mole =4x10-3mole
.'. C ell@ 6FICI, CH3COONa 4iI mole = np"e11 :4 x 10-3mole

\T<FE qfiu,
". -4x10-3 = 6 x 10-3mole
ncu,coou = 0.01
.'. pH = pK" + rosffi
= - IosK, * log]se!! = -log(1.8 x 10-s) + loc(*#) = n.turu.
E A{IGKpH,
pH = -log[H+] = -logJKJ = -loeVt.arL=B 07 =2.7278;
B 'il@:f pH,

loH-l = 0.2M; pfl = 14-poH = 14+loeloH-l = 14+log(0.2) = 13.3

wT!. $rr qrE m, A qni{ Efr q9m qnd q(q q{t B'tEE fu slr Rqj'ff{

IEffi
r

q8c
\\\ rRofruq",*F@*trril<I
 \\\ ilil-Erd bEI 'ra
04. PCIsG) PCl3 @) * Cl2; AH = *ve
=
fiffir q-+ +g Tqtrqq{ ErsBm{Tdt c;r :

vt ffiqt Et'i Pcts(s) Rrfiwr{Bil (a)

25"C latm 80o/o
(rD I<EF[l]E-d q-ti
wr trf.arF<:F Kp oT nr{ firfuE{
fi{isnFF K-
(rI) EFI 1 atm ettrF 0. 5 atm q 'lfrtgrT{ TrEfrmle;rtqf* ffi'ffi fi-5a1q6<r frrils.ts-d r

t-Ft
E PCls + PCl3 + Cl2
(1 -o) q o
0.2 0.8 0.8
nsqtd = 0.2 +0.8+ = 1.8; P=1atm; a=0.8
0.8
Pr.,, = *x t = | ; Prcr, =rr9!x r =f ; r.,, = fr x r = 1

. x, :T# =t =+... Kp =re atm

E
qllrdf 'rf <s 'flt, Ko = t"trn;
<R, rW frmtqa Wsf a, TrFr p = 0.5 atm
PCls + PCl3+Cl2
(1 -a) a a
ntotat = 1-a+a+a:1+a ... Ko !!= PcL, Ppct,
!Il-t
' = e PPcrs= "lfri;:.,
* f, = $. fo.sl + 7 - a2 = 2^, *#^, =1+ a = 0.88 = 880/o

ch..II ftq, Dpf T{rrE fimrq+ rnm

1fr tn r ffi qr-fts&rrFr ftG qrs qtB! {T r uI{ ftr$ qr{ cr.$T
<rrs orr c<ftRw, nel s{r6{ ftfur urn {R!r ef+tq <Eg r

0s. (i) Pz(e) + 3Qz(d 2pQ3(g) + st't

=
(ii) Mz(g) + Rz(s) zMR (g) - vt{
=
(t 25oc VFFIEEf latm Et['t pe3 q{ fuq{30%qrq0.75 armDtc,t pes qdfrmq{<:gqK?
(q) Efl"imd RfrTtslTd Elr tog Kp fiIT T-1 qr m{fu qfi or< i{s"6 RGt+t F-d I

2PQ3 E- P2 + 3Q2
Z(1- a) ct 3ct
l--tgll3,-L
n,ool = 2(1 * c); .'. Ko = p,
^:fu, trGa"t
cr<gEvlartrE Kp q{:rFftd r{sft J!*"pz - =
r6(1-ai)- -!9r=x
ro(r-ctl)'
vr2

. *l-qi = :i,
x p, + j$x, = !ro.7s :. q,= 0.34135
"P1- 1-.1; ' t-O.32 t-ea,
... foT'sirTEI = 34.t3so/o

rE
 \\\ <DilSf OHrlll

E silBerc< cft6<"f qco "fli, log Kp =- --1I- 1 s6n51.

utrq-s6r<q?<ft-sRrt6q 1qI{E]iI = -#
c?n\, aH {{tqls qm EFr $.flqo q<\ AH r{qN|s qcq 56 :6qlzF {r{ r

66at (D fi AH rnlqrs r{sm Lc< qFF: r lr \

"r*ol --+f

ftfoir iiil o<r AH {EnsF rp<lR €irQFF: ,.[-,1/

..,+
eFFI qlr€d \t'r{ sPErqt\qFI efln I qR E-rl{ Iog K, .{FI "lI{ I qrftq, g,
"ri1-t
{r r

fr6q frfuTK eT[sr vE{ sffifql$Ff 'nTEr{, s-rF logKp E?[ Ke !fr-{I{ I

ws{qtm, Eref{ft fiGqlrEmqr{grqREffirqNr{m,ff..sms{ft fifuKEPEET<MTERGHI elw4qmq{ I

06. +cFdlc. q.ffiCg;d FrTjqT RfrT|T S,fd "fftTf Ems FET qTq-{ <{t{qR{ ,{<F 0. 5L {IrE 21. 8939 PCl5,
3. 1 9 S g CI2 {<( 6. 1 8 7 5 g pCl, fr Qv <s<rt{ r fr ffi
{ c11i-{SlT 2 5 0o C sl{:r66r fr fr Gf6ft I qFT{-<($-{
nFr c{r6n 4.2 x lO-2 |
('t) {Tifr{r.t PCls qR \T{Ett fis{T qd I

$ ffiiR{r cc'F ur"t fteq s(< Rffi* clcikqt rt{'trT Strtsr rcq fr-d 5tfiffi-{ ffi q< r

frsr I
f, PCIsG) + Pcr3fu) + clz(g)
Eldfu's: 21.893 g ll 0.105 mol 0.045mo1 0.045mo1
{l{Il{{l{: x)mol
(0.105 - x)mol (0.045 + (0.045 + x)mol
.1 [PCI5] =
+-,: 0.2r - 2x; [PCI3] = 0.09 + 2x; lCl2l = 0.09 + 2x
E{mo, Kc ='"'#'1,!1'* 4.zxto-2 =#*
+ 8.1 x 10-3 +0.36x+ 4x2 =8.82x 10-3 -8.4x 10-2x .'. x= 1.59 x 10-3
".
fifKq]T, [Pc1] = 6.21 -2x7.59 x 10-smoll-1 = 020682 moll-1
qTdl qfi, Kp = K.(RT)^, I Kp = 4.2 x 10-'z(0.0821 x 523) = 1'8034
E
FErstE: PCls 2- PCl3 + cl2
{lnfus: o.1os 0.045 0,045
CFTl.rql{: (0.105 - x) mol (0.045 * x)mol (0.045 * x)mol
r' Ppcr, =,o,;*##.*-r-. P.oot =
HHi P,oor
.'. Ppcr, = Hfi# to,,, ' P.,, =
o-rr**]]E
P,o,",

... K- = @r.o, : <n#ff#*5 p*o,

<fr , ut"t fteq <-<rq pcls frc$qffi< ifr{Ft x1 r

.'. r, = ffiffi;
(o.o4s+x)'z ^
ize.o,)
(0.045+x1)z
zrtotal
" torc*ttoror-*, rtotal = 6f;;;;m;;:;;
ol't-*,-.']'
- ,1!10
(0.195+x!)(0.105-x1)
'=
, = 0.1 068; l(T aF x 'r< {ta <frcl l
z.ozsxro-3 +o.ogxr +Ii
= O.O2O47 - O.Ogxa-xi = 0.0534
S

+ xf + 0.09x, + 2.025 x 10-3 = 1.093365 x 10-3 - 4.806 x 10-3x, - 0 053 4xl + x, = -0.01L2
x, q< llrtlqs rl6{d.qd ut"t fre.t s<(q frfr'{lfr eF tsfrrs q€fffi qr{ q<( ct[:rr \5KqF <t(:r {(< {Ir{ |

,. flq fteq +r< frffi< qlllKqt <l,qftrs {fir{t {€< r