1.

PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION 1.ESSENTIALISM 2.PROGRESSIVISM3.PERENNIALISM

4.EXISTENTIALISM 5.BEHAVIORISM 6.LIGUISTICPHILOSOPHY 7.CONSTRUCTIVISM2.

17.ESSENTIALISM WHYTOTEACH WHATTOTEACH HOWTOTEACH This philosophy contends that

teachers teach for learners to acquire basic knowledge, skillsand values The
emphasis is on academic content for students to learn the basic skills or
the fundamental R’s, ‘riting, ‘r
ithmetic, right conduct
–
as these are essential to the
acquisition of higher or morecomplex skills needed in preparation for adult life. •
Theyare expected to be intellectual and moral models of their students. • They are
seen as“fountain” of information and as “paragon of virtue”, if ever there is such
a person.
3.

18.PROGRESSIVISM WHYTOTEACH WHATTOTEACH HOWTOTEACH Teach todevelop learners into

becoming enlightened and intelligent citizens of a democratic
society •Are identified with need
-based and relevant cur
riculum •This group of teachersteaches learners so they may live life fully NOW not
to prepare them for adult life. •Teachers employ experiential methods. • They
believe that one learns by doing For John
Dewey, the most popular advocate of PROGRESSIVISM, book learning is no
substitutefor actual experience. One experiential teaching method that
progressivist teachers
heavily rely on is the PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD. “ You will learn more of this inyour
principles and strategies of teaching 1”
4.

19.PERINNIALISM WHYTOTEACH WHATTOTEACH HOWTOTEACH Schools

should, therefore, develop the students’ rational and moral power. According to
Aristotle“ if we neglect the students, reasoning skills, we deprive them of the
ability to use their
higher faculties to control their pa
ssions and appetites.” •Is universal one on the view thatall human beings possess
the same essential nature. •It is not specialist curriculum butrather a general
education. • The perinnialism classroom are “centered around teachers.” •
The teachers do not allow the students interest or experience to substantially
dictate whatthey teach.5.

20.EXISTENTIALISM WHYTOTEACH WHATTOTEACH HOWTOTEACH Help thestudents to understand

and appreciate themselves as unique individuals who acceptcomplete responsibility
for their
thought, feelings and action. •Students are given a widevariety of options form
which to choose. •Students are affordable great latitude in theirchoice of subject
matter. • Focus on individuals • In the use of such strategy, teachers
remain NON- JUDGEMENTAL and take care not to impose their values on theirstudents
since values are personal6.

21.BEHAVIORISM WHYTOTEACH WHATTOTEACH HOWTOTEACH Schools are

concerned with the modification and shaping of students’ behavior by providing for
a
favorable environment , since they believe that they are a product of their
environment.Techers teach to respond favorably to various stimuli in the
environment Teachers oughtto make the stimuli clear and interesting to capture and
hold the learners attention7.

22.LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY WHYTOTEACH WHATTOTEACHHOWTOTEACH Teachers teach to develop

in the learners the skills to send messagesclearly and receive messages correctly.
Learners should be taught to communicate clearly