Api-Pi - Spec 1584

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FOUR-INCH HYDRANT SYSTEM

COMPONENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS
API/IP SPECIFICATION 1584
Third edition
April 2001
Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Reproduced by IHS under license with API
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
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FOUR-INCH HYDRANT SYSTEM
COMPONENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS
API/IP SPECIFICATION 1584

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Third edition
April 2001
Published jointly by
American Petroleum Institute
and
The Institute of Petroleum, London
A charitable company limited by guarantee

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Copyright © 2001 by American Petroleum Institute, and

The Institute of Petroleum, London:
A charitable company limited by guarantee. Registered No. 135273, England
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced by any means, or transmitted or translated into
a machine language without the written permission of the publisher.
ISBN 0 85293 280 4
Published by The Institute of Petroleum
Further copies can be obtained from Portland Press Ltd. Commerce Way,
Whitehall Industrial Estate, Colchester CO2 8HP, UK. Tel: 44 (0) 1206 796 351
email: sales@portlandpress.com

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CONTENTS
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
1 Introduction, scope and referenced publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Referenced publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.1 Terms and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 Units used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 General arrangements and features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.1 Typical arrangement of hydrant pit equipment and controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Mandatory requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3 Optional items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4 Performance criteria and testing procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.1 Mechanical strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.2 Test fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.3 Dimensional checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.4 Proof and burst pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.5 Pressure loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.6 Opening and closing times and overshoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.7 Vacuum test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.8 Pilot device override test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.9 External load resistance and failure mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.10 Catastrophic excess flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.11 Decoupling spillage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.12 Pressure, surge and flow control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5 Type approval testing and quality assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

5.1 Quality assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.2 Approval testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.3 Documentation and instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Contents Cont.. Page
Annex A - Catastrophic excess flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Annex B - Hydrant pit valve assemblies in small pit boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Annex C - Hydrant riser stress during impact of the hydrant pit valve/hydrant coupler assembly . . . . 33
Annex D - Air-operated pilot devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Annex E - The inspection and testing of airport hydrant pit valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
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vi

FOREWORD
This joint Institute of Petroleum and American Petroleum Institute publication provides recommended minimum
performance and mechanical specifications for the design of aviation fuel hydrant system pit valves and associated
couplers.
This publication also specifies requirements that need to be met to achieve full interchangeability between
components of various manufacturers and requirements for optional features which component manufacturers may
be requested by users to provide.
This publication has been produced jointly by the API Aviation Technical Services Subcommittee and the IP
Aviation Committee. It replaces API Standard 1584 second edition, December 1994, IP Aviation hydrant pit systems
recommended arrangements, August 1990 and IP The inspection and testing of airport hydrant pit valves, July
1993.
It is possible that this joint publication will have a wider scope of usage and will encompass differing operating
practices and safety and environmental legislation. Therefore, this publication should be read in conjunction with
appropriate national and local statutory operating requirements. It is recommended that, if procedures defined in
this publication are more stringent than those at the point of use are they should be followed.
Whilst the use of hydrant pit valve assemblies designed for use with 150 mm (6 in.) hydrant riser flanges is
preferred, requirements for valves that are able to mate with other flanges are also included.
The requirements of this publication are not retroactive. Users of existing equipment should decide what action to
take if equipment in current use does not conform to the requirements of this edition. Due consideration should be
taken of the safety implications of non-conformance.
Within six months of the publication of this edition, manufacturers will be expected to be able to supply
modification kits, where necessary, for any existing equipment that does not conform to the requirements of this
edition.
The Institute of Petroleum and American Petroleum Institute are not undertaking to meet duties of employers,
manufacturers or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning
health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local and regional laws and
regulations.
vii
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Nothing contained in any Institute of Petroleum or American Petroleum Institute joint publication is to be construed
as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or
product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring
anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.
Although it is hoped and anticipated that this publication will assist both the manufacturers and purchasers of
aviation fuel hydrant system pit valves and couplers, the Institute of Petroleum and the American Petroleum Institute
cannot accept any responsibility, of whatever kind, for damage or loss, or alleged damage or loss, arising or
otherwise occurring as a result of the application of the specifications or qualification procedures contained herein.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Manager of Standardization, American Petroleum
Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005, USA or to the Technical Department, Institute of
Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR, UK.
Note for users of equipment covered by this publication. This publication includes a requirement for couplers
to break away cleanly from the pit valve adapter if struck with a force as defined herein. It is recommended
that, if a pit valve/coupler assembly is struck with sufficient force to remove the coupler during refuelling
operations, the pit valve should be removed from service for inspection and tested to prove its suitability for
further use. Users are referred to the recommended post-impact action in Annex C.
viii
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This edition of API/IP 1584 has been prepared by the IP Equipment Sub-Committee on behalf of the Institute of
Petroleum and the American Petroleum Institute Aviation Technical Services Sub-Committee. Much of the
redrafting was undertaken by Bob Simpson (Consultant) and Adrian Hamra (ExxonMobil).
Draft versions of this third edition were reviewed by representatives of the following companies:
AgipPetroli
Air BP Limited
Air TOTAL
Avery Hardoll SBU, BAE Systems Power & Control Ltd.
Caltex Corporation
Carter Ground Fueling Co.
Chevron Products Co.
Conoco Limited
Elf Aviation International
Equilon Enterprises
ExxonMobil Aviation International Ltd.
Intertechnique Zenith Aviation
Kuwait Petroleum International Aviation Company Ltd.
Phillips 66 Company
Shell Aviation Ltd.
Texaco Global Aviation Marketing Ltd.
Whittaker Controls Inc.
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ix

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1
INTRODUCTION, SCOPE
AND REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 SCOPE

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The performance requirements and optional 1.2.1 General

recommendations included in this publication are
intended to achieve the following: This publication specifies dimensions, coupling action,
activation, and other requirements to achieve the
(a) Establish the acceptable structural and operating necessary operational requirements and full
integrity of the components involved. interchangeability between components from
manufacturers of hydrant pit valve assemblies and
(b) Provide a compatible coupling configuration and couplers. It also includes requirements for other
arrangement at the hydrant pit that will permit optional features which component manufacturers may
interchangeability between the components of be requested to provide by purchasers. The performance
different manufacturers. specifications are for equipment intended for systems in
aviation turbine fuel service. They do not apply to
(c) Assist component manufacturers in their design aviation gasoline (Avgas).
efforts by detailing operational, maintenance and
ergonomic features of components that are 1.2.2 Organization
considered desirable based upon experience in
aircraft fuelling. If complete interchangeability is to be attained, certain
features of the mating components shall be
(d) Describe the alternative arrangements of hydrant standardised. Other features, although desirable, are not
pit components that are typical for API and IP 4 so critical, but are pointed out to assist manufacturers in
inch hydrant systems and thereby assist component the design of these components.
manufacturers and aircraft fuelling system The pit valve and coupler, along with any other
designers and operators in their efforts. features attached, are considered to be as a whole for
the purposes of this publication.
(e) Provide mechanical strength criteria for normal Section 3 covers general arrangement and features,
handling loads and failure modes for excess specifying those features of the hydrant components
mechanical loadings and impact damage. that are mandatory, as well as those that are optional.

FOUR-INCH HYDRANT SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS
They are listed as "Mandatory" and "Optional" IP 2

respectively. Section 4 describes performance criteria Fuel hydrant riser pipe stress analysis due to
and test requirements for the hydrant pit valve assembly accidental impact loads.
and hydrant coupler. Section 5 contains the quality
assurance and information requirements. Five annexes The closure behaviour of aviation hydrant pit
are included for information only. valves (Delft Hydraulics).
Sanderson, T.A., and Simpson, R.A. 1990, Excess

1.3 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS flow testing of hydrant pit valves, Petroleum
Review, May 1990.
The following publications are cited in this publication.
The latest available edition of each referenced ISO 3
publication applies. 9000:2000 Quality management systems.
API 10012-1 Quality assurance requirements for

RP 1004 Bottom loading and vapour recovery for measuring equipment: Metrological confirmation
MC-306 tank motor vehicles. system for measuring equipment.
Specification Q1 Specification for quality SAE 4

programs for the petroleum and natural gas ARP 868A Method pressure drop test for fuel
industry. system components.
ASME 1
B.16.5 Pipe flanges and flanged fittings.
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1. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, USA. www.asme.org
2. Available from the Institute of Petroleum library, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR, UK
3. International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. www.iso.ch
4. Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, USA. www.sae.org

2
TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND

ABBREVIATIONS
2.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS timer deadman may be included with this system as
an option.
For the purposes of this publication the following terms
and definitions apply: — direct acting pressure control coupler: a coupler
that incorporates the same features as the standard
clean breakaway: when used in describing the unit, but also includes air-operated deadman and
breakaway of the hydrant coupler from the hydrant pit spring biased pressure regulation at a remote
valve adapter, means that the coupler breaks away sensing point. This coupler also has optional
completely to allow the pit valve outlet adapter poppet excess flow control.
to close. In practice, complete seating of the poppet
cannot be guaranteed as coupler debris that may be left — pilot-operated pressure control coupler: a coupler
could prevent full poppet closing. that has the same features as the standard unit, plus
the air deadman feature, but controls pressure by
hydrant coupler: a unit that is attached to the inlet end means of a pilot mechanism. This coupler also has
of the hydrant dispenser inlet hose or boom assembly to optional excess flow control (with either single or
provide for quick coupling to the outlet adapter of the dual flow rate settings).
hydrant pit valve assembly. The coupler may be one of
four types, any of which can be equipped for product hydrant coupler carriage assembly: a device fitted to
selectivity: the hydrant coupler to assist in moving the coupler to
and from the pit valve whilst keeping the coupler from
— standard coupler: a quick coupling device that dragging on the ground.
allows for manually opening and closing the Note: It generally takes the form of two small
poppet on the hydrant pit valve assembly and wheels on a structure that may be folded up beneath the
provides a flow path from the hydrant pit valve inlet hose when not in use.
assembly to the dispenser.
hydrant dispenser: (also known as 'hydrant servicer',
— direct acting digital control coupler: a coupler that 'aircraft fuel servicer' or 'hydrant cart') a fuelling unit
incorporates the same features as a standard used to receive fuel from a hydrant fuel supply system
coupler, but uses a digital module to control and deliver it to aircraft. It may be self-propelled, trailer
pressure and flow for each hose combination. A mounted or skid mounted.
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Note: It is normally fitted with filtration, pressure within the hydrant pit valve assembly with the
control, deadman control and metering equipment and pressure within the hydrant coupler.
is connected to the hydrant pit valve by a hydrant
coupler and an inlet hose or metal boom assembly. The — stoneguard: a mandatory coarse mesh screen (e.g.
hydrant dispenser is used to deliver fuel into aircraft via 5 mm or ¼ in. or equivalent) perforated metal
a delivery hose and nozzle. strainer that is mounted upstream of the hydrant pit
valve assembly to impede the flow of large debris
hydrant pit valve assembly: a valve that is vertically normally foreign to fuel systems.
mounted on the flanged riser of an airport fuel piping
system. flow:
Note: The valve is composed of three components: — automatic excess flow control: a device installed on
the flanged inlet pilot-operated valve, the pilot device or within the hydrant pit valve assembly and/or
and the outlet adapter that mates with the hydrant coupler to prevent excess flow.
coupler. Optional features may be included. Note: Upon the flow rate increasing to a
predetermined level, the device will actuate the
— intermediate strainer: an optional fine mesh screen hydrant pit valve assembly and/or coupler to close
that is mounted internal to the hydrant pit valve and remain closed until the excess flow control
assembly, normally between the pilot-operated device is reset.
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valve and the outlet adapter.
Note: The use of such a strainer is not — catastrophic excess flow: the maximum flow rate
recommended. required to be stopped by the hydrant pit valve.
— outlet adapter: the outlet portion of the hydrant pit — excess flow: a flow rate in excess of rated flow.
valve assembly to which the hydrant coupler
mates. The outlet adapter has a poppet that is — rated flow: the maximum flow rate for which the
opened and closed by the coupler poppet. The components of the pit valve assembly and coupler
outlet adapter provides a seating for the poppet and are designed.
for optional product selectivity.
in-line pressure control (or regulating) valve: a valve
— pilot device: a mechanism which diverts pressure installed on board the hydrant dispenser forming a part
to and from the actuating element of the pilot- of the fuel pressure control (or regulating) system. It
operated valve to enable it to either open or close may also provide a deadman operation, being opened
in a controlled manner. and closed remotely by the fuelling operator. This valve
Note: The required methods for operating the is outside of the scope of this publication and may be
pilot device are defined in 3.2.8. fitted at the discretion of the user.
— pilot device override: (also known as a 'servicing opening and closing times:
valve') a manually operated valve or device that — closing time: the time required, after the operating
overrides the action of the pilot valve thus device is actuated to close, for flow to cease from
preventing opening of the pilot-operated valve. rated flow.
— pilot-operated valve: located at the inlet, it forms — deadman control: a hand-held control to actuate
an integral part of the hydrant pit valve assembly the opening and closing of the hydrant pit valve
and isolates downstream components from the fuel assembly and/or hydrant coupler.
hydrant supply pressure. It is operated by the pilot
device and controls the flow of fuel out of the — opening time: the time taken to achieve 90 % of
hydrant pit valve assembly. rated flow measured from the time that the
operating device is actuated.
— pressure equalisation valve: a small valve located
in the centre of the outlet adapter poppet that is — overshoot: the volume of liquid passing through
actuated by the hydrant coupler poppet. This valve the valve during the closing time period.
allows equalisation of the pressure contained

TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
pressure: 2.2 ABBREVIATIONS

— burst pressure: the pressure causing structural
failure of the external casing of the hydrant pit The following abbreviations are used within this
components covered by this publication. publication:
Note: For the purposes of this publication, the
pressure defined in 4.4.2 is the minimum pressure ft feet
above which structural failure may occur. in. inch
kg kilogram
— design pressure: the maximum pressure to which kPa kiloPascal
the hydrant pit components will be subjected in kph kilometres per hour
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service. lbs pounds mass
Note: This pressure equates to operating lbf pounds force
pressure plus surge pressure to which the lpm litres per minute
equipment may be exposed. The performance m metre
criteria of this document do not apply at design mm millimetre
pressure. mph miles per hour
N Newton
— operating pressure: the maximum steady state psi pounds per square in.
pump pressure that can be experienced in the USG US gallon
system. At this maximum pressure, the hydrant pit USGPM US gallons per minute
o
valve assembly and coupler are required to F degrees Fahrenheit
o
conform to the performance criteria of this C degrees Celsius
o
publication. degree of angle
— pressure loss: the difference in static pressures

measured in the test set-up defined in Figure 6 2.3 UNITS USED
from point A to point B.
This publication uses the Système International
— proof pressure: the maximum pressure required of d’Unités (International System of Units or SI). In this
the hydrant pit components without external system, the decimal point is a comma (,). In writing
leakage or damage after which the components will numbers of greater than 3 digits, e.g. thousands, tens of
meet all other performance requirements. thousands etc. a comma may not be used to demarcate
the thousands. Thousands are demarcated by the use of
pressure control valve: a control valve that may be a space.
located either in the hydrant pit valve assembly or in the Within this publication SI Units are used with US
hydrant coupler assembly. This valve forms part of the Customary Units following in parentheses.
pressure and flow control system delivering fuel to the Internationally agreed conversions have been applied to
aircraft. May also be known as a pressure-regulating these values.
valve.
vacuum test: a negative pressure applied to the hydrant

pit valve assembly under which the poppet shall remain
closed and not allow leakage of air in the reverse
direction.

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3
GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS
AND FEATURES
3.1 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF HYDRANT travel of 50,8 +1,588/-0,000 mm (2 +0,0625/-0,000 in.)

PIT EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS measured from the sealing surface as identified on
Figures 3A and 3B.
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A number of alternative component arrangements are A static seal shall be achieved automatically
offered, essentially determined by the location of one or between the coupler and outlet adapter during the
more of the controls. The two extremes are shown in coupling and locking operations and before the adapter
Figures 1 and 2. In Figure 1, the controls are in a is actuated to open. The static seal shall be designed so
regulating valve installed inside the coupler. In Figure that it cannot be broken until the outlet adapter and
2, the controls are in the pit valve assembly. The coupler are closed. Leakage in excess of 30 ml (1 fluid
purchaser shall specify the final component ounce) through the static seal shall not occur at any time
arrangement. The fitting of a separate hydrant riser during the coupling, fuelling, and uncoupling operation,
shut-off valve is not a requirement of this publication. regardless of system pressure. See 4.11 for test details.
3.2.2 Outlet adapter actuation

3.2 MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS
The opening of the hydrant coupler poppet shall cause
3.2.1 Dimensions and hydrant coupler/hydrant the outlet adapter poppet to open. The outlet adapter
pit valve assembly mating poppet shall close automatically whenever the coupler
is closed or removed. In manual operation, the outlet
The interface dimensions of the outlet adapter of the adapter and hydrant coupler when coupled together
hydrant pit valve assembly and the hydrant coupler shall be capable of being opened and closed by one
shall be in accordance with Figures 3A and 4A and 3B operator applying a maximum force of 110 N (25 lbf).
and 4B (US Customary Units). The sealing surface as To function properly, the force shall be applied for a
indicated on Figures 3A and 3B shall be 1,6 micrometre maximum of 5 seconds to hold the equalisation valve
(63 micro-inches) circular finish maximum. The outlet open and allow the pressure to equalise on both sides of
adapter poppet, including activation of the pressure the outlet adapter poppet.
relief equalising valve, shall allow a coupler poppet

Fuel sense
Deadman air
Hydrant coupler with deadman and pressure control
Coupler poppet operator
Air to pilot device (if air-operated)
Outlet adapter
Lanyard attachment point
Pilot device and override
Hydrant pit valve assembly
Hydrant pit box
Stoneguard
Pit box seal
Hydrant riser
Figure 1 - Typical arrangement of hydrant pit equipment

(deadman and pressure regulating valve in coupler)
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Standard hydrant coupler
Coupler poppet operator Deadman air

Fuel sense
Outlet adapter
Lanyard attachment point
Pilot device and override
Hydrant pit valve assembly

Hydrant pit box
Stoneguard
Pit box seal
Hydrant riser
Figure 2 - Typical arrangement of hydrant pit equipment

(deadman and pressure regulation in pit valve)

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
±0,127
212,725 dia. Fixed product selection 38,100
BSC posts located as shown
unnumbered 2 places ±0,127 ±0,127
9,525 6,350
±0,127
5 1,588
45
45
4 45
6
+1,588
Sealing 50,800 -0,000
surface
Poppet travel from
40,5 sealing surface
BSC
Valve head
±0,127 ±0,127 ±0,127 ±1,588

152,400 133,350 152,400 184,150
±0,127 ±0,127 ±0,127 ±0,127
GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS AND FEATURES

165,100 146,050 101,600 165,100
Pressure
equalizing
valve
Outlet adapter
poppet
54 Sealing
6,3
9
BSC surface
Not for Resale
3
1
±1,524
45,974
2
Outer
surface 45
of mating 40,5 5 places
fuel/air BSC BSC
socket Product selectivity set bolt
(1/2" min. tall, 5/8" max.
hex. or dia.)
Movable product selection posts Notes:
located as shown; 4,763 mm index BSC = basic dimension; min. = minimum; max. = maximum;
C B numerals shall be permanently hex. = hexagonal; dia. = diameter.
G located
F A 1. All dimensions are in millimetres.
2. The breaking of all corners is required, not to
exceed 3,175 millimetre radius.
3. The details of adapter body valve head and internals
shown in dashed lines are to be determined by
manufacturer.
A minimum clearance of 134,62 mm between hydrant pit valve
Fuel/air center and fuel sense/air reference adapter coupled 4. Pressure equalizing valve stem on valve head is not to
reference with mating socket. (Refer to Figure 5A for more details). extend beyond sealing surface.
adapter
5. Sealing surface must be machined to 1,6 micrometre circular finish.
Refer to Figure 5A 6. Couplers must be capable of mating with maximum
for detail dimensions shown.
Figure 3A - API standard hydrant pit outlet adapter, SI measurements
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
±0,005
8,375 dia. Fixed product selection 1,500
BSC posts located as shown
unnumbered 2 places ±0,005 ±0,005
0,375 0,250
±0,005
5 0,062 5
45
45
4 45
6
+0,062 5
Sealing 2,000 -0,000 0
surface
Poppet travel from
40,5 sealing surface
BSC

Valve head
±0,005 ±0,005 ±0,005 ±0,062 5
6,000 5,250 6,000 7,250
±0,005 ±0,005 ±0,005 ±0,005
6,500 5,750 4,000 6,500
Pressure
equalizing
valve
Outlet adapter
poppet
54 Sealing
6,3
10
BSC surface
Not for Resale
3
1
±0,060
1,81
2
Outer
surface 45
of mating 40,5 5 places
fuel/air BSC BSC
socket Product selectivity set bolt
(1/2" min. tall, 5/8" max.
Notes: hex. or dia.)
Movable product selection posts
located as shown; 3/16 inch index BSC = basic dimension; min. = minimum; max. = maximum;
C B numerals shall be permanently hex. = hexagonal; dia. = diameter.
G located
F A 1. All dimensions are in inches.
2. The breaking of all corners is required, not to
exceed 0,125 inch radius.
3. The details of adapter body valve head and internals
shown in dashed lines are to be determined by
manufacturer.
Fuel / air 4. Pressure equalizing valve stem on valve head is not to
reference A minimum clearance of 5,30 in. between hydrant pit valve extend beyond sealing surface.
adapter center and fuel sense/air reference adapter coupled
5. Sealing surface must be machined to 63 microinches circular finish.
with mating socket. (Refer to Figure 5B for more details).
Refer to Figure 5A 6. Couplers must be capable of mating with maximum
for detail dimensions shown.
Figure 3B - API standard hydrant pit outlet adapter, customary measurements
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
264,160
C Coupler max.
259,080
D Coupler min.
250,088
Groove depth Coupler poppet
^ 0,508
G max. diameter 100,5
2,032 min.
M Under pressure ^
2,032 max. 1,651 min.
P
L Under pressure At no pressure Seal surface - ref.
±1,524
57,150 min. 45,974
Pressure H H
equalizing valve Coupler Valve
top surface must not Max. Min.
extend beyond sealing 68,580 69,850
surface
Product selectivity
set bolt (12,700 min.
tall, 15,875 max.
hex. or dia.)
D Valve max. Outside of coupler

245,008 including bump ring
264,160
C Valve min.
269,240
Notes: Dimensions are in millimetres; max. = maximum; min. = minimum; ref. = reference; hex. = hexagonal; dia. = diameter.
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 4A - Outlet adapter and coupler interface dimensions, SI measurements
10,40
C Coupler max.
10,20
D Coupler min.
9,846
Groove depth Coupler poppet
^ 0,020 max. diameter 3,956
G
0,080 min.
M Under pressure ^
0,080 max. 0,065min.
P
L Under pressure At no pressure Seal surface - ref.
±0,060
2,25 min. 1,81
Pressure H H
equalizing valve Coupler Valve
top surface must not
extend beyond sealing Max. Min.
surface 2,700 2,750
Product selectivity
set bolt (1/2" min.
tall, 5/8" max.
hex. or dia.)
D Valve max. Outside of coupler

9,646 including bump ring
10,40
C Valve min.
10,60
Notes: Dimensions are in inches; max. = maximum; min. = minimum; ref. = reference; hex. = hexagonal; dia. = diameter.
Figure 4B - Outlet adapter and coupler interface dimensions, customary measurements
11

3.2.3 Coupling action (a) For valves with either a 100 mm (4 in.) or 150 mm
(6 in.) ASME Class 150 inlet flange:
The coupling action shall be of the push type with 290 mm to 415 mm (11,5 in. to 16,34 in.)
provision for locking without rotating the coupler body. (b) For valves with a 150 mm (6 in.) ASME Class 300
On systems requiring product selection, rotation of the pattern inlet flange:
coupler collar to mate with the appropriate hydrant pit 406 mm to 415 mm (16 in. to 16,34 in.)
valve assembly product selection device is permitted.
The coupling range shall permit coupling to the outlet Manufacturers who offer a valve with dimensions
adapter in any position around the hydrant pit valve shorter than those above should be able to provide
assembly, without interference with the hydrant pit spool pieces or adapters to accommodate any difference
walls, apron surface, or components. in the dimensions of the riser flange and the inlet flange
The hydrant coupler shall incorporate an interlock of the valve and to bring their valve within the
system to prevent opening of the coupler’s poppet (and dimensional range in (b) if requested.
thus the hydrant pit valve assembly poppet) before Note: The dimensions quoted in (b) and the
being locked in position, and to prevent unlocking and provision for spools and adapters will ensure that valves
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
disconnecting before the coupler poppet is closed. The offered by different manufacturers are freely
hydrant coupler design shall prevent its ejection in the interchangeable.
event of outlet adapter sealing failure or non-closure of The pit valve assembly shall be installed within the
the poppet with the pilot device in the open position. pit box so that there is a clearance of not more than 100
mm (4 in.) and not less than 75 mm (3 in.) between the
3.2.4 Hydrant pit arrangement and mounting hydrant pit valve assembly outlet adapter sealing
surface and the top of the hydrant pit box. This setting
Hydrant pit components should normally be designed is necessary to ensure that when a coupler is attached to
so that they can be installed and maintained in a pit that the pit valve, the underside of the elbow does not touch
has a minimum internal diameter of 460 mm (18 in.). the top of the pit box. When a hydrant coupler fitted
However, manufacturers should be aware that some old with a carriage assembly is attached to the hydrant pit
pit boxes have a diameter as small as 300-330 mm (12- valve outlet adapter, the carriage assembly shall be
13 in.) with 100 mm (4 in.), 75 mm (3 in.) or other clear of the ground when in the folded up position.
special riser flanges and may wish to design their valves
to be accommodated in these small pit boxes (see 3.2.5 Fuel sense and air reference lines
Annex B). Hydrant pit components may be installed in
a central or offset position within the pit; however, the The pressure/flow control and/or excess flow control, if
overall pit box size and component spacing shall permit fitted, shall be included either on the hydrant coupler or
easy access for operation and maintenance. In the on the hydrant pit valve assembly. However, as a
design, allowance shall be made for the operation of minimum, there shall be a deadman function installed
levers and switches within the pit using industrial type either on the hydrant pit valve or the hydrant coupler
gloves and without the need for special tools. The upstream of the inlet hose or boom assembly.
arrangement of the pit equipment shall also allow for Where fitted, these controls shall be provided with
unobstructed (non-fouling) lanyard operation. air reference, and in the case of pressure/flow control
Hydrant system riser pipe flanges shall be in and/or excess flow control, fuel reference pressures, to
accordance with the latest edition of ASME B.16.5, enable them to function. The connection of the lines to
Class 300 pattern for 150 mm (6 in.) flanges and Class provide such pressures may be permanent (in the case
150 for 100 mm (4 in.) flanges. All hydrant pit of the hydrant coupler) or may be fitted to either the
equipment flanges shall also be in accordance with hydrant pit valve assembly or hydrant coupler by means
ASME B.16.5 for assembly compatibility. This applies of a quick coupling. Figures 3A and 3B, 4A and 4B,
for stoneguards, pilot-operated valves and the inlet side and 5A and 5B provide the interface dimensions,
of the hydrant pit valve assembly. including product selectivity to ensure complete
All components shall be as compact as practicable. interchangeability, where both fuel and air lines are
The overall height of the hydrant pit valve assembly, required. If used, this accommodation or any other such
measured from the face of the inlet flange to the top of device shall be located so that it will not interfere with
the outlet adapter, not including the dust cap, shall be: the operation of the other components.
12

An interlock feature capable of prohibiting accidental Hydrant couplers, either connected to a hydrant pit
un-coupling that is compatible with the design shown in valve assembly or disconnected and closed, shall be
Figures 5A and 5B is desirable. designed in accordance with the following pressure
On air-operated pilot devices, an air reference ratings, all at 70 ºC (158 ºF):
pressure line from the hydrant dispenser is required to
control the opening and closing of the hydrant pit valve. (a) design pressure: 1 900 kPa (275 psi)
This connection should be a "quick disconnect" type (b) operating pressure: -10 to 1 400 kPa (-1,5 to 200
connection. Any standard, through-flow connection psi) minimum
may be used. The self-sealing quick disconnect fitted to (c) proof pressure:
the pilot device shall be of the leaky type to ensure that (i) uncoupled, closed: 1 830 kPa (265 psi)
no air is trapped within the pilot after disconnecting the minimum
mating half from the hydrant dispenser air system. (ii) coupled, open: 2 850 kPa (415 psi) minimum
(d) burst pressure:
3.2.6 Flow rate (i) uncoupled, closed: 2 740 kPa (400 psi)
minimum
3.2.6.1 Hydrant pit valve assembly (ii) coupled, open: 5 690 kPa (825 psi) minimum
The hydrant pit valve assembly shall be designed in
accordance with the following rates: 3.2.8 Pilot device actuation
(a) rated flow: 4 500 lpm (1 200 USGPM) 3.2.8.1 Manual operation
(b) catastrophic excess flow: 11 000 lpm (2 900 The pilot device shall have two separate actions for
USGPM) opening and closing. The open or close force at
maximum operating pressure shall not exceed 110 N
3.2.6.2 Hydrant couplers (25 lbf). The close actuator shall have a fitting to allow
Hydrant couplers shall be designed in accordance with the attachment of a lanyard to achieve the closing
the following rates: function from a remote distance. The fitting and the
lanyard shall not be able to foul on any hydrant pit
(a) for 4 in. inlet by 4 in. outlet (either pressure equipment and shall be effective at any angle or
controlled or standard coupler): 4 500 lpm (1 200 direction of pull.
USGPM)
(b) for 4 in. inlet by 3 in. outlet (either pressure 3.2.8.2 Air operation
controlled or standard coupler): 3 000 lpm (800 The pilot device is operated by the application of an
USGPM) externally supplied air pressure. Control air supply shall
be a minimum of 240 kPa (35 psi) to the pilot device to
3.2.7 Pressure rating control opening. The application of the air supply shall
be via a deadman type valve system on the hydrant
3.2.7.1 Hydrant pit valve assembly dispenser.
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The hydrant pit valve assembly shall be designed in
accordance with the following pressure ratings, all at 3.2.8.3 Lanyard connection
70 EC (158 EF): It shall be possible to connect a lanyard to an air-
operated pilot device to enable remote closing of the
(a) design pressure: 1 900 kPa (275 psi) pilot valve.
(b) operating pressure: -10 to 1 400 kPa (-1,5 to 200 Note 1: The requirement in 3.2.8.3 applies to those
psi) areas where legislation and/or safe practices require a
(c) proof pressure: 2 850 kPa (415 psi) minimum dual operation, for example, if it is envisaged that air
(d) burst pressure: 5 690 kPa (825 psi) minimum may fail to exhaust due to a system failure or restriction
resulting from a vehicle collision. It does not apply to
3.2.7.2 Hydrant couplers those areas where a lanyard has, traditionally, not been
As the coupler shall be capable of being handled, used.
coupled and uncoupled by one operator, the Note 2: See Annex D for a list of advantages in
recommended weight of a coupler in all configurations using air-operated pilot devices.
should be not more than 17 kg (37 lbs).
13

--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
43,053 11,786 basic

46,101
11,278 basic
2,286
6,350 3,302 radius
min 8,331 basic
1,524 radius

C B G
15 A
16 20,828 14,046 19,558 22,911
basic F A 11,684 basic basic
55,626 basic basic
12,598 dia.
12,548 dia.
max.
14
Not for Resale
4,674 - 4,826 dia. 8,89 deep

When used, product selector pin
9,525 Fuel pressure sense ports 3,150 - 3,277 dia. extending 6,350
11,049 1,905 - 2,108 dia. hole, 6 places above this surface and identified
23,876 equally spaced. All sharp edges as shown. Location with respect to
25,400 to be removed. Radial location any other pin hole optional as long
optional. as radial location is maintained.
Air reference pressure port
1,905 - 2,108 dia. hole. All sharp A 0,254 dia.
edges to be removed. Radial
location optional.
Notes: Dimensions are in millimetres; min. = minimum; dia. = diameter; max. = maximum.
Figure 5A - API standard fuel sense and air reference lines accommodation for regulating type hydrant valves (valve installation), SI measurements
1,695 0,464 basic

1,815
0,444 basic
0,090
0,25 0,13 radius
min 0,328 basic
0,06 radius
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
C B G
15 A 0,902
16 0,820 F 0,770
basic 0,553 A 0,460 basic basic
2,190 basic basic
0,496 dia.

0,494 dia.
max.
15
Not for Resale
0,184 - 0,190 dia. 0.35 deep

When used, product selector pin
0,375 Fuel pressure sense ports 0,124 - 0,129 dia. extending 0,25
0,435 0,075 - 0,083 dia. hole, 6 places above this surface and identified
0,940 equally spaced. All sharp edges as shown. Location with respect to
1,000 to be removed. Radial location any other pin hole optional as long
optional. as radial location is maintained.
Air reference pressure port
0,075 - 0,083 dia. hole. All sharp
edges to be removed. Radial A 0,010 dia.
location optional.
Notes: Dimensions are in inches; min. = minimum; dia. = diameter; max. = maximum.
Figure 5B - API standard fuel sense and air reference lines accommodation for regulating type hydrant valves (valve installation), customary measurements
3.2.9 Operating temperature range valve pilot device, although air-operated pilots are not
excluded.
The hydrant components covered by this publication Upon actuation, the deadman control shall open or
shall meet all the design requirements within the close a valve, either as a part of the hydrant pit valve
temperature range of !40 EC to +70 EC (!40 EF to assembly or hydrant coupler, or both. The deadman
+158 EF). valve performance characteristics shall comply with
3.2.10.1 and 3.2.10.2. If the deadman valve is in the
3.2.10 Pilot-operated valve closing and opening hydrant pit, the deadman valve shall be the pilot-
times operated valve.
A deadman fitted in the hydrant coupler shall open
The requirements for opening and closing times are to full flow in not less than 5 seconds and close to no
those for carrying out acceptance and approval testing flow in not less than 2 seconds nor more than 5
on a test rig. Opening and closing of the pilot-operated seconds. Overshoot shall not exceed 200 litres (53
valve shall be even and progressive. The method of USG) or 5 % of flow in areas where this limit applies.
testing is defined in 4.6.
Note: As the design of the hydrant dispenser Air supply shall meet the following requirements:
control system may influence opening and closing
times, users should ensure that their systems will (a) For an air-operated deadman valve provided in the
hydrant coupler and hydrant pit valve assembly,
achieve these opening and closing times in the field.
with the hydrant pit valve assembly equipped also
with a lanyard, a common air supply may be
3.2.10.1 Closing time
provided.
Pilot-operated valve closure shall be caused by
actuation of the lanyard or air-operated pilot device.
(b) For a hydrant pit valve provided with an air-
The valve shall fully close from rated flow within 2 to
operated deadman but no lanyard and with an air-
5 seconds measured from the time that the closing
operated deadman provided in the hydrant coupler,
mechanism is operated until flow ceases. independent air supplies with no common
components shall be provided.
3.2.10.2 Opening time
The pilot-operated valve assembly shall open from the (c) For an air-operated deadman provided in the
fully closed position in normal operation such that the hydrant pit valve, with no lanyard attachment and
following flow conditions are satisfied. These no deadman in the hydrant coupler, a single air
conditions shall apply for both manual or air pilot- supply is satisfactory.
operated control:
3.2.12 Overshoot
(a) 90 % of rated flow shall be achieved in not less
than 5 seconds and no more than 20 seconds from Overshoot during closing of the pilot-operated valve
the time of activation of the opening mechanism. shall not exceed 200 litres (53 USG) at all flow rates up
(b) Full (100 %) of rated flow shall be achieved in not to rated flow. Under catastrophic excess flow
more than 30 seconds measured as in (a). conditions, as defined in 3.2.16, overshoot shall not
exceed 300 litres (80 USG).
3.2.11 Deadman control Note: In areas where a more stringent overrun limit
is imposed, that condition shall apply.
There is a major difference in the practices observed in
some countries, such as the United States of America 3.2.13 Pressure loss
(USA), and other locations, particularly in European
operations. For example, in the USA it is common 3.2.13.1 Hydrant pit valve assembly
practice to have the deadman function provided by the The pressure loss at rated flow, unless otherwise stated,
air-operated pilot device with an additional, in-line across a non-regulating hydrant pit valve assembly
control valve installed in the vehicle pipework. This without an intermediate strainer but with a stoneguard
valve is outside the scope of this publication. Mainly, in place, and assembled with a 4 in. straight hose unit
European practice is to have the deadman control fitted in accordance with API RP 1004, shall be as follows
in the hydrant pit coupler with a lanyard operated pit from point A to B in Figure 6:
16
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

(a) for 150 mm (6 in.) inlet valve, with 100 mm (4 in.) inlet by 100 mm (4 in.) outlet coupler - 193 kPa
inlet by 100 mm (4 in.) outlet coupler - 135 kPa (28 psi) maximum.
(19,6 psi) maximum. (b) for 100 mm (4 in.) inlet valve, with 100 mm (4 in.)
(b) for 100 mm (4 in.) inlet valve, with 100 mm (4 in.) inlet by 100 mm (4 in.) outlet coupler - 245 kPa
inlet by 100 mm (4 in.) outlet coupler - 165 kPa (35,5 psi) maximum.
(24 psi) maximum. (c) for 150 mm (6 in.) inlet valve, with 100 mm (4 in.)
(c) for 150 mm (6 in.) inlet valve, with 100 mm (4 in.) inlet by 75 mm (3 in.) outlet coupler - 145 kPa (21
inlet by 75 mm (3 in.) outlet coupler - 138 kPa (20
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
psi) maximum at 3 000 lpm (800 USGPM).

psi) maximum at 3 000 lpm (800 USGPM) flow. (d) for 100 mm (4 in.) inlet valve, with 100 mm (4 in.)
(d) for 100 mm (4 in.) inlet valve, with 100 mm (4 in.) inlet by 75 mm (3 in.) outlet coupler - 162 kPa
inlet by 75 mm (3 in.) outlet coupler - 152 kPa (22 (23,5 psi) maximum at 3 000 lpm (800 USGPM).
psi) maximum at 3 000 lpm (800 USGPM) flow.
3.2.14 Pilot-operated valve leakage
3.2.13.2 Hydrant pit valve assembly with a standard
regulating 90E coupler The allowed leakage downstream of a closed pilot-
The pressure loss at rated flow across the hydrant pit operated valve, under maximum operating pressure,
valve assembly without an intermediate strainer but shall be such that the 'well' (see Figures 4A and 4B,
with a stoneguard in place and assembled with a dimension M) formed on the top of the outlet adapter
regulating 90E hydrant coupler (fully open) shall be as poppet and the upper sealing surface shall not fill in less
follows from point A to B as defined in Figure 6: than one minute with the pressure equalizing valve
depressed.
(a) for 150 mm (6 in.) inlet valve, with 100 mm (4 in.)
Pressure
test point A 100 mm (4 in.)
or 150 mm (6 in.)
pipe
Meter
Pit valve
& coupler
Y under test
Pump
1 m (3 ft) 1 m (3 ft)
min. 100 mm
Z
(4 in.) pipe
Straight pipe 1 m (3 ft)
Pressure
test point B
Test fluid tank
Alternate meter
position
Note: m = metres; in. = inch; min. = minimum
Figure 6 - Schematic of test rig to be used for pressure loss, opening and closing times and overshoot
17

3.2.15 Vacuum testing 3.2.19 Decoupling spillage
During operation and/or maintenance of a hydrant Spillage shall be minimal when the coupler is
system, vacuum conditions may occur. The hydrant pit disconnected from the outlet adapter after aircraft
valve assembly, with and without a hydrant coupler fuelling. The limit for spillage into the pit box is no
attached, shall be designed to withstand a -10 kPa (-1,5 more than 30 ml (1 fluid ounce). See 4.11 for test
psi) vacuum without admitting air or water into the details.
system. See 4.7 for test details.
3.2.20 Stoneguard
3.2.16 Catastrophic excess flow
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A stoneguard of robust construction and with an

The lanyard or deadman control shall be designed to opening equivalent to 6 mm (¼ in.) mesh, shall be
cause the pilot-operated valve to close under all normal located upstream of the hydrant pit valve assembly.
and abnormal system excess flow rates up to and The stoneguard may be a part of, or furnished as a
including 11 000 lpm (2 900 USGPM). See 4.10 for test separate item to, the hydrant pit valve assembly. It shall
details. be designed and proved to withstand a flow rate of
11 000 lpm (2 900 USGPM) without becoming
3.2.17 Materials of construction dislodged or deforming to a point where it would
become ineffective or would interfere with the closing
All materials shall be chemically compatible with all of the pilot-operated valve.
aviation turbine fuels. All metal parts in contact with The stoneguard will not receive maintenance or
the fuel shall be free of zinc, cadmium, copper, and cleaning under normal operating conditions and should
their alloys; however, an aggregate amount of 3 % be designed accordingly.
maximum may be present as alloying elements. All
non-metal gaskets, O-rings, or other seals or elastomers 3.2.21 Wear gauges
in contact with the fuel are to be made of materials
suitable for use with aviation turbine fuels containing Manufacturers shall provide, for their own hydrant
up to 30 % volume aromatics, 5 % volume olefins, and coupler and hydrant pit valve assembly equipment, a
3 % volume naphthalenes. simple wear gauge or gauges. The wear gauge(s) shall
All external surfaces shall be resistant to corrosion be suitable for accurate wear measurement on
caused by atmospheric exposure and water immersion. operationally critical faces. It shall be possible to
Note: this could be achieved by using a corrosion routinely assess wear using the gauge(s) without
resistant material or by applying a suitable coating. requiring equipment disassembly.
Care should be taken in the design of the equipment to The wear gauges shall be permanently and legibly
reduce failures caused by wear from the equipment marked to show to which piece of equipment they
being dragged across the apron surface. Anticipated apply. Manufacturers should define which parts and
vulnerable points should be protected by wear pads, accessories require to be checked with these gauges.
brackets or guards. The results of the wear measurements shall indicate
whether closer inspection of individual components is
3.2.18 Serviceability required. Manufacturers shall provide limits of wear
beyond which repair is required.
Maintenance requirements of the hydrant pit valve
assembly shall be minimal, but the hydrant pit valve 3.2.22 Pilot device override
shall be designed such that all parts of the assembly,
except the pilot-operated valve portion, are removable The hydrant pit valve assembly shall include a manually
from the pit for maintenance or replacement of seals. operated mechanism which, when actuated to the closed
This should be possible without depressurising the position, will cause the pilot-operated valve to close and
hydrant line. In addition, seals and sealing surfaces remain closed until the pilot device override is opened.
should be protected from mechanical damage. The actuation of the pilot device override shall be easily
18

operable. Whilst the removal of the adapter and/or pilot 4 500 lpm (845 to 1 200 USGPM). The dual position
device when the hydrant is still under pressure is not unit should be adjustable within two flow ranges. When
recommended, manufacturers shall demonstrate that set in low flow position, it shall cover a flow range
removal of these components is possible with hydrant from 2 000 to 2 900 lpm (580 to 765 USGPM). When
inlet pressure up to 1 380 kPa (200 psi). See 4.8 for test set in the high flow position, the flow range shall be
details. from 3 200 to 4 500 lpm (845 to 1 200 USGPM).
Note: The purpose of the pilot device override is to
allow limited servicing of the outlet adapter and pilot 3.3.4 Secondary breakaway features
device sections of the hydrant pit valve assembly,
without the removal of the hydrant pit valve assembly A secondary means to prevent damage to the pilot-
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
from the system or the depressurizing of the upstream operated valve housing, such as a frangible adapter or
hydrant system. a shear section, is permitted. This feature shall not
interfere with the ability of the pilot-operated valve
3.2.23 Dust covers assembly to withstand the steady load force of 40 000
N (9 000 lbf) as required in 4.9.4.
Dust covers shall be provided to protect the outlet of the
hydrant pit valve assembly and the inlet of the hydrant 3.3.5 Product selectivity
coupler from dust, rain, snow, or ice. In the case of the
hydrant coupler, the dust cover may be made a Product selectivity may be achieved either using the
permanent part of the hydrant dispenser. pilot device (if pneumatic), or the hydrant coupler (or
both).
Outlet adapters and hydrant couplers may have
3.3 OPTIONAL ITEMS capability of up to six-product selectivity, via either a
pilot selectivity device of the type, or equivalent, shown
3.3.1 Reverse flow in Figures 3A and 3B and 5A and 5B, or by using
coupler selectivity. Coupler selectivity would involve
Reverse flow through a hydrant pit valve assembly and designing the hydrant coupler and outlet adapter to
hydrant coupler assembly is not recommended. If a mate uniquely for a particular grade of product only,
manufacturer offers an option for reverse flow physically preventing connection of a hydrant coupler
capability, the maximum pressure drop from Point B to which services a different grade of product.
Point A in Figure 6, for a reverse flow of 750 lpm (200
USGPM) shall be 105 kPa (15 psi). 3.3.6 Pressure control (regulation)
3.3.2 Intermediate strainer If a pressure control (regulating) valve is located within

the hydrant coupler or hydrant pit valve assembly, it
It is recommended that an intermediate strainer should shall be capable of being adjusted. For all hydrant
not be included in the hydrant pit valve, as debris supply pressures up to the system design pressure, the
trapped by the strainer may, on termination of flow, fall pressure-regulating valve shall, at any flowrate or inlet
into the pilot-operated valve impairing its performance. pressure, maintain the corresponding control pressure
If a manufacturer offers this option, it should be stable and repeatable within +/- 14 kPa (2 psi).
made of 10 or 20 mesh (2,5 or 1,25 mm) material and
shall be mounted such that it is easily removed for 3.3.7 Other mechanical means of closing the
cleaning. The strainer shall provide coverage of 100 % pilot-operated valve
of the flow path in which it is mounted.
Other mechanical means of causing the closure of the
3.3.3 Automatic excess flow control pilot-operated valve, such as detecting the upward
movement of the outlet adapter poppet valve, may be
If specified by the purchaser, the hydrant pit valve offered. Such a device is considered to be an additional
assembly or hydrant coupler shall have a device, or safety measure if the coupler is separated from the
devices, that provides automatic excess flow control at hydrant pit valve assembly due to impact. Any such
predetermined flow rates. The single position unit device shall not interfere with the normal operation of
should be adjustable over a flow range of from 3 200 to the hydrant pit valve assembly.
19

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20

4
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND

TESTING PROCEDURES
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4.1 MECHANICAL STRENGTH 4.4 PROOF AND BURST PRESSURE
All components of the hydrant pit valve assembly Components shall meet the requirements in 4.4.1 and
(including any adapters, spools and/or associated 4.4.2.
fittings) and hydrant coupler shall be capable of
withstanding severe handling, strain and shocks from 4.4.1 Proof pressure
external sources. Components shall maintain functional
and structural integrity when subjected to the forces (a) The complete hydrant pit valve assembly, (coupler,
specified within this Section. pilot-operated valve, and outlet adapter), all set to
the open position, shall withstand a hydrostatic test
pressure of 2 850 kPa (415 psi). The pressure shall
4.2 TEST FLUID be applied to the inlet of the valve and held for 10
minutes, without causing leakage, distortion, or
The test fluid shall be Jet A, Jet A-1 or hydrocarbons breakage.
with similar density and viscosity properties. Water
may be used for all tests except pressure loss, opening (b) With the outlet adapter poppet open or removed
and closing times, overshoot or pressure regulation/ and the pilot-operated valve set to the closed
deadman testing. Wide-Cut Jet fuel and aviation position, the pilot-operated valve shall withstand a
gasoline shall not be used. hydrostatic test pressure of 2 850 kPa (415 psi),
Note: Manufacturers are encouraged to adopt applied to the hydrant pit valve assembly inlet and
suitable safety procedures when carrying out testing. held for 10 minutes, without leakage, distortion, or
breakage. Following this test, the unit shall be fully
operational and used for other tests required in this
4.3 DIMENSIONAL CHECKS Section.
All dimensions of areas that mate the hydrant coupler, (c) The hydrant coupler shall be individually tested
inlet flange, and other envelope dimensions shall be with the coupler poppet closed. The valve shall
inspected and recorded against the requirements of withstand a full body internal hydrostatic test
Section 3 to ensure full compatibility. pressure of 1 830 kPa (265 psi), applied to the
coupler outlet and held for 10 minutes, without
21

leakage, distortion or breakage. The coupler shall shall be the same configuration as that used in service,
remain serviceable on completion of the test. (e.g. if a 100 mm (4 in.) valve is used with a spool
assembly to meet the 150 mm (6 in.) valve requirement,
4.4.2 Burst pressure the valve shall be tested in both the 100 mm (4 in.) and
150 mm (6 in.) configurations.)
The requirement of this test is to establish the minimum The pressure loss (difference between test points A
pressure above which structural failure can occur. and B in Figure 6) shall be recorded for flow rates from
375 to 4 500 lpm (100 to 1 200 USGPM) in
(a) This test shall be conducted on the complete approximate increments of 375 lpm (100 USGPM). The
hydrant pit valve/hydrant coupler assembly with results shall be plotted on log-log graph paper to
the poppets set to the open position. The assembly illustrate the characteristics of the unit.
shall be hydrostatically tested to 5 690 kPa (825 The resultant pressure drop shall meet the
psi) minimum for 5 minutes without leakage or requirements of 3.2.13.
breakage. Damage or distortion that makes the
valve non-operational is allowable.
4.6 OPENING AND CLOSING TIMES AND
(b) The hydrant coupler shall be tested, not coupled to OVERSHOOT
the pit valve outlet adapter and without a hose
connected, with the coupler poppet closed. The For the following tests, the unit under test shall be
valve shall withstand a full body internal mounted vertically in the test rig and tested under the
hydrostatic burst test pressure of 2 740 kPa (400 following conditions:
psi) held for 5 minutes without leakage or
breakage. Damage or distortion that makes the (a) 1 200 kPa (175 psi) at no flow and 1 000 kPa (150
coupler non-operational is allowable. psi) minimum at 4 500 lpm (1 200 USGPM); and
(b) 600 kPa (87 psi) at no flow with 500 kPa (72,5 psi)
Components tested to (a) and (b) shall not be delivered minimum at 3 500 lpm (925 USGPM).
to users and should be limited to testing of prototype or
production valves that subsequently will be destroyed. The valve shall be mated with a standard 90E elbow
coupler for these tests. The above flow and pressure
conditions shall be controlled by use of a combination
4.5 PRESSURE LOSS of valves (labelled "X", "Y" or "Z" in Figure 6). The
valve under test shall be opened, either by use of the
The pressure loss tests require a test rig that is capable manual or air-operated pilot valve. The inlet pressure,
of circulating a flow rate of 4 500 lpm (1 200 USGPM) flow rate, pilot actuation point, and opening time shall
through the unit. The test rig shall be in accordance be electronically monitored and recorded. Data shall be
with Figure 6. Pressure pickup points may be of a recorded until full rated flow is achieved for at least 1
multiple point type as recommended in SAE ARP minute. Opening time, which shall be even and
868A. The test specimen shall be mated to a straight progressive, shall be in accordance with 3.2.10.2.
hose unit or to a standard 90º elbow hydrant coupler The pilot device shall be actuated to signal the
with a 100 mm (4 in.) outlet as specified in 3.2.13. The valve to close. This point shall be recorded on a data
test unit and coupler may be placed on its side during chart or data record. The data shall be recorded until the
this test. flow through the valve has stopped. The closing time,
For 100 mm (4 in.) inlet by 75 mm (3 in.) outlet which shall be even and progressive, shall be in
hydrant couplers, the circulating flow rate shall be accordance with 3.2.10.1.
3 000 lpm (800 USGPM) through the unit. Under no flow conditions, with the pilot device in
The density (or specific gravity), viscosity, (in the open position, the pilot-operated valve shall move
centistokes) and the temperature of the test fuel used to the closed position.
shall be reported with the results. The test shall be repeated under conditions as in (b)
During the test, 100 mm (4 in.) hydrant pit valve above.
assemblies shall be tested with 100 mm (4 in.) inlet The overshoot shall be measured during the closure
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pipework, and 150 mm (6 in.) units shall use 150 mm of the pilot-operated valve. The maximum overshoot
(6 in.) inlet pipework. The valve configuration tested shall be 200 litres (53 USG) at both flow rates.
22

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND TESTING PROCEDURES
Legislation or local requirements may limit overshoot (b) Demonstrate that the outlet adapter and pilot
to a maximum of 5 % of flow. See 3.2.12. device can be removed safely from, and replaced
If the coupler used in the test is equipped with a onto, the hydrant pit valve assembly while the
deadman function, the above tests shall also be pilot-operated valve is under test pressure.
conducted using a hydrant pit valve assembly without
a control function. The deadman control shall be used
to start and stop the flow through the valve. This is 4.9 EXTERNAL LOAD RESISTANCE AND
necessary to ensure that the pilot-operated valve cannot FAILURE MODE
influence the amount of overrun.
The hydrant coupler assembly shall withstand the shock
loading typically experienced when falling onto the
4.7 VACUUM TEST concrete apron, and when run over by a vehicle. The pit
valve assembly shall withstand the pulling effect of a
A hydrant coupler shall not be fitted for the first of fuelling vehicle being driven away with the coupler
these tests. With the hydrant pit valve assembly poppet attached and the shock of a vehicle impact of the
valve closed and the pilot operator closed, a vacuum of magnitude defined in 4.9.3.
-10 kPa (-1,5 psi) shall be applied to the inlet of the pit The external load capacity or strength of
valve. The poppet shall remain closed and not permit components and the required mode of assembly failure
leakage of air in the reverse direction. shall be demonstrated by conducting the tests in 4.9.1 to
The test shall be repeated with a coupler fitted to 4.9.4.
the pit valve. The hydrant pit valve and coupler
assembly shall be installed in a vertical position, with 4.9.1 Hydrant coupler shock resistance test
the outlet adapter poppet and coupler poppet open and
the coupler outlet plugged. A vacuum of -10 kPa (-1,5 The hydrant coupler and fuelling hose shall be
psi) shall be applied to the inlet of the valve. The pressurised to 100 kPa (15 psi) during the test. The
assembly integrity shall not allow leakage of air in the coupler shall then be dropped on three different axes
reverse direction. from the test heights specified in (a) and (b) below on
to a concrete surface similar to that found on an airport
apron. During the tests, there shall be no cushioning
4.8 PILOT DEVICE OVERRIDE TEST effect by the hose on the shock applied to the coupler.
The test unit shall be set up with the outlet adapter (a) Drop the coupler from a height of 1 m (3 ft). The
poppet closed and not connected to a hydrant coupler. coupler shall remain fully functional and usable
The pilot-operated valve and the pilot device override following the test.
shall be in the open position. Using test fluid, the (b) Drop the coupler from a height of 2 m (6 ft). The
maximum operating pressure shall be applied to the coupler may be distorted but it shall hold design
inlet side of the hydrant pit valve assembly. Once the pressure following this test.
pressure has stabilized, the pilot device override shall
be set to the closed position. Any residual pressure from 4.9.2 Hydrant coupler run-over resistance test --`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
the outlet adapter section of the hydrant pit valve

assembly shall be released through the equalising valve, When placed on a concrete surface similar to that found
taking care to contain any spillage. After the initial on an airport apron, the hydrant coupler, either attached
surge, the flow through the equalising valve shall not to a hose, or plugged with a test adapter, and with an
exceed that as in 3.2.14. internal pressure of 100 kPa (15 psi), shall be run over
The integrity of the pilot device override shall be twice under the conditions specified below.
demonstrated by performing the following tests:
(a) Minimum loading: Vehicle total axle weight shall
(a) With the test pressure still applied, repeatedly be 2 860 kg (6 300 lbs), equally distributed on
attempt to open the pilot-operated valve by means either side on dual wheels with a minimum rolling
of all available actuators. Confirm quantitatively diameter of 700 mm (28 in.); and
that the pressure downstream of the pilot-operated (b) Maximum vehicle speed; 3,2 kph (2,0 mph).
valve does not change; then
23

The coupler should remain in a serviceable condition to the centreline of the outlet of the coupler. The test
following this test. shall be performed in four 90E opposed directions.
Note: The above weight/force conditions are Tests in fewer than four, but not less than two,
intended to simulate a vehicle driving over the coupler directions may be performed if symmetry can be
on the apron. demonstrated. At least one of the tests shall be carried
out in a direction which, from visual and dimensional
4.9.3 Hydrant coupler breakaway test analysis, would cause the weakest part to be stressed
the most.
During this test, the hydrant pit valve assembly shall No failure shall occur at any applied force up to
not suffer structural damage that will allow leakage. 17 800 N (4 000 lbf). Separation and clean breakaway
Testing shall be conducted to ensure that under impact shall occur at a force greater than 17 800 N (4 000 lbf)
or excessive strain, the hydrant coupler will break away and not greater than 22 240 N (5 000 lbf).
as cleanly as possible from the pit valve outlet adapter. Note: Leakage from the coupler to pit valve adapter
Such breakaway shall occur prior to partial or complete seal may be experienced as the seal is being stressed.
failure of any other system component and without
damaging or interfering with the hydrant pit valve 4.9.3.2 Impact load test
assembly and its fuel shut-down system. The resulting The test shall be conducted with the hydrant pit valve
automatic closure of the outlet adapter poppet shall assembly and the hydrant coupler at a flow rate, using
reduce to a minimum fuel spillage from the hydrant pit water as the test medium, which gives the equivalent
valve assembly under all design pressures and flow amount of energy as that given by using jet fuel at
rates. 4 000 lpm. A flow rate of 3 200 lpm (845 USGPM) is
Note: Zero leakage cannot be guaranteed, as it is suggested.
possible that a small piece of debris may be caught The test shall be carried out on a hydrant coupler
between the poppet and the adapter head. attached to the hydrant pit valve assembly.
The two series of tests, in 4.9.3.1 and 4.9.3.2 shall An impact load sufficient to cause the hydrant
be performed. coupler to separate cleanly from the hydrant adapter
shall be applied. The load shall be applied at the
— Steady load test in which an external load or pull centreline of the outlet of the hydrant coupler in three
imposed via the coupler hose simulates, for directions (excluding the outlet end) or in a minimum of
example, a fuelling vehicle drive-away and causes two directions if symmetry can be shown.
breaking at a defined load range; and One suggested method of conducting this test is to
use a loaded pendulum type test rig (see Figure 8). If
— Impact load test in which an external load or used, the end of the pendulum impacting the coupler
impact imposed directly on the hydrant coupler elbow shall consist of a 75 mm (3 in.) or 100 mm (4 in.)
simulates, for example, impact from a vehicle that horizontal solid carbon steel bar. The test rig pendulum
causes coupler breakaway. arm length, weight and swing angle shall be sufficient
to guarantee breakaway. A suggested test rig set-up is
Note: Users of equipment covered by this to have a pendulum arm length of 1,5 m (60 in.), a
publication should be aware of the potential for damage pendulum mass of 300 kg (660 lbs) with a swing angle
to the hydrant risers following coupler impact. See of 90E. The weight of the arm measured at the end may
Annex C. be incrementally increased (or decreased) to suit, with
repeated pendulum swings until breakaway of the
4.9.3.1 Steady load test coupler assembly is achieved.
The test shall be conducted with the hydrant pit valve The hydrant coupler shall separate cleanly from the
assembly and the hydrant coupler under a pressure of hydrant pit valve outlet adapter which shall close to
1 900 +/-100 kPa (275 +/-15 psi) and set up as in Figure prevent further liquid discharge. The pit valve outlet
7. Both the hydrant pit valve assembly and hydrant adapter and poppet should not suffer damage that will
coupler poppets shall be open, the pilot-operated device allow liquid flow to continue.
set to the open position and air bled from the coupler. Note: For the hydrant coupler to survive this test is
The test shall be carried out with the hydrant not a requirement of this publication: it may suffer
coupler connected to the hydrant pit valve assembly. structural damage.
A gradually increasing horizontal force shall be applied
24
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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND TESTING PROCEDURES
Hydrant Coupler or
Load Test Adapter
(according to test
requirements) Steady load force
100 mm (4 in.)
API outlet adapter
Hydrant pit
valve
assembly
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Fix point
Test rig riser flange
Test pressure
Figure 7 - Steady load test set-up (hydrant couplers and pit valve assemblies)
4.9.4 Hydrant pit valve assembly - Steady load Note: Testing to failure beyond this point is not a
test requirement of this publication.
A hydrant pit valve assembly, fitted with a suitable load The test shall be carried out in four 90E opposed
test assembly, not a hydrant coupler, shall be subjected directions. Tests in less than four but not less than two
to a steady horizontal load. The load test assembly shall directions may be performed if symmetry can be
be connected to the pit valve adapter in such a way that demonstrated. At least one of the tests shall be carried
it will not break away during the test when set up as in out in a direction which, from visual and dimensional
Figure 7. analysis, would cause the weakest part to be stressed
The horizontal load shall be applied via the load the most. At the completion of the load tests, there shall
test assembly that fully reflects a hydrant coupler in the be no damage to, or failure of, any component of the
way that it applies the load to the hydrant pit valve hydrant pit valve and associated fittings.
assembly. The force shall be applied at right angles to
the hydrant pit valve axis so that the maximum bending
moment component around the riser flange fixed point 4.10 CATASTROPHIC EXCESS FLOW
is applied.
Considering the riser flange as a fixed point, the The hydrant pit valve assembly, with the outlet adapter
hydrant pit valve assembly shall be designed to poppet removed and the stoneguard installed, shall be
withstand, without structural failure, a gradually mounted in such a manner as to afford a safe condition
increasing steady horizontal load up to 40 000 N (9 000 when the test is being run. Test fluid may be water and
lbf). the valve may be inverted over a receiving vessel.
25

Devices that may restrict the ability to achieve test flow hydrant pit valve assembly, the coupler poppet cycled
conditions shall be removed. The hydrant pit valve open/close, and the hydrant coupler uncoupled from the
assembly shall be subjected to a flow rate as specified hydrant pit valve assembly no less than ten times. The
in 3.2.16 for a sufficient length of time to show that the valve shall be repressurised before each open/close
pilot-operated valve will close under these conditions. cycle.
Inlet pressures, flow rate, overshoot, and closing times The decoupling spillage shall be collected in a
shall be recorded during the tests. The overshoot shall container that is suitable for measuring the small
not exceed 300 litres (80 USG) or 6,5 % where quantities allowed. The average decoupling spillage for
percentage of flow limits are imposed. each cycle shall be no more than 30 millilitres (1 fluid
For further information see Annex A. ounce).
4.11 DECOUPLING SPILLAGE 4.12 PRESSURE, SURGE AND FLOW

CONTROL
The hydrant pit valve assembly shall be mounted
horizontally and filled with test fluid at 100 kPa (15 Purchasers may require additional tests. These shall be
psi). The hydrant coupler shall be coupled to the agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
75 mm (3 in.) or 100 mm (4 in.) horizontal carbon

steel bar suggested pendulum mass 300 kg (660 lbs.)
Pivot
1,5 m (60 in.)
Rigid, secure mounted 'A' frame

or similar suitable
supporting structure
cL of
Coupler
Nominal ground level

Open coupler
Hydrant pit valveþ

assembly
Fix point
Test rig riser flange

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Figure 8 - Suggested impact load test rig
26

5
TYPE APPROVAL TESTING AND

QUALITY ASSURANCE
5.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE traces of data (copies of which can be reproduced)

taken during opening, closing, and other appropriate
The manufacturer shall be able to demonstrate that the tests.
equipment meets the requirements of the type approval It is recommended that videotape - or other visually
tests in Section 4 and that a satisfactory quality reproducible media - of at least the tests conducted to
assurance and inspection system is followed (e.g. API demonstrate compliance with 4.9 should be made
Q1, ISO 9000, ISO 10012-1). Purchasers, at their available to the purchaser upon request.
discretion, may wish to satisfy themselves that the
manufacturer’s quality system is comparable to the
relevant ISO 9000 standard or equivalent National 5.3 DOCUMENTATION AND INSTRUCTION
standards.
In addition to the data required in 5.2, the manufacturer
shall supply the purchaser with the following
5.2 APPROVAL TESTING information as a minimum:
At the request of the purchaser, the — Installation, servicing and maintenance

manufacturer/vendor shall supply copies of test reports instructions.
showing the results of the tests on a sample of — Any precautions to be observed in using the
equipment meeting the requirements of this publication. equipment to ensure safety to personnel.
All production models shall conform to the — Information regarding modifications that may
requirements of this publication. apply after the user has taken delivery of the
The test reports should include performance data equipment. This may be in the form of bulletins
obtained by suitable instrumentation that will produce and notices issued to known purchasers/users.
27
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28

ANNEX A
CATASTROPHIC EXCESS FLOW
In 1988 doubts were raised about the ability of the then results was published 6.
current type of hydrant pit valve assembly to close at The permitted operating pressure in this third
excessive flow rates. Such flow rates could occur edition of API/IP 1584 has been raised to 1 380 kPa
following damage to the top end of the valve that (200 psi). Flows in excess of 11 000 lpm (2 900
results in complete removal of the outlet poppet valve. USGPM) may therefore be experienced following
The concern was that the velocity and therefore the severe damage to the pit valve assembly. Further testing
pressure at the pick up point for fuel flow via the pilot is not considered necessary as the Delft trials showed
device might inhibit the closing of the main valve. the valves close more quickly as flow increases. It
The IP contracted Delft Hydraulics, Holland, to should suffice for manufacturers to show that this trend
perform high flow testing of the valves manufactured exists rather than to reach a flow rate corresponding
by Avery Hardoll, J C Carter, Thiem-Whittaker and with 1 380 kPa (200 psi) inlet pressure. However, this
Zenith, to determine if they would close under such is only applicable if manufacturers do not radically alter
conditions when the lanyard was pulled. Due to safety their designs. If this does occur, the manufacturer will
considerations it was agreed that the test medium be required to demonstrate that the design change will
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should be water. not affect the ability of the valve to close under these
A full report was issued by Delft Hydraulics in excess flow conditions.
January 1990 5 and an article summarising the test and
5. The closure behaviour of hydrant pit valves (1990).

6. Sanderson, T.A. and Simpson, R.A., Excess flow testing of hydrant pit valves, Petroleum Review, May 1990.
29

30
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ANNEX B
HYDRANT PIT VALVE ASSEMBLIES IN

SMALL PIT BOXES
The preferred arrangement for new works and required. The purchaser shall specify what riser flange
extensions to existing works is to use 150 mm (6 in.) will be used.
riser flanges and a pit box of at least 460 mm (18 in.) When the valve is fitted in these pit boxes, there is
--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
diameter. Older systems may still have pit boxes as little clearance between the valve and the inside of the
small as 300-330 mm (12-13 in.) in diameter, less depth box. It is essential therefore that:
than current models and 100 mm (4 in.), 75 mm (3 in.)
or other special riser flanges. It is recognised that it is (a) All external edges are properly radiused and
not always practical to replace small pit boxes with otherwise prepared to minimise the risk of personal
larger diameter ones. injury when the valve is being installed or
To be installed in the small boxes, the pit valve removed.
assembly has to be fitted with a 100 mm (4 in.) base
flange and be not longer than 305 mm (12 in.). Valves (b) Where necessary, valve manufacturers supply
that meet the performance requirements of this special tools to facilitate installation and
publication can be used in the larger boxes with 150 maintenance of the valve and in particular,
mm (6 in.) riser flanges by using spool pieces. specially designed tools to make the base flange
When valves with a 100 mm (4 in.) base flange are nuts easily accessible.
fitted to 75 mm (3 in.) riser flanges using an adapter,
the assembly should be fitted with steady bars to Flanges used for attaching the valve assembly to
stabilise the valve body against the inside of the box, to existing pit box components shall normally be designed
provide extra support when using equipment heavier with a raised face. The purchaser shall specify
than before, and to withstand impact by a vehicle. machining to flat face if required.
The arrangement of components is intended to In order to maintain the widest application for
ensure safety in operation consistent with equipment installation in existing systems it is recommended that
simplicity within the pit. It is unlikely that devices for the basic valve height (excluding adapters/spool pieces
pressure control and deadman operation can be used) is no more than 305 mm (12 in.) although longer
accommodated in the pit. valves will not be excluded.
The components to be installed within the pit are Adapters and spool pieces may then be used to suit
similar to those for standard pit boxes. individual installations if necessary.
A spool or adapter assembly to mate the pit valve Due to variations in ground levels and settlement,
assembly inlet flange to the hydrant riser flange may be different riser flanges and their eccentricity within the
31

pit and misalignment, the purchaser shall specify

installation details.
If, on the pilot device, an extension cable is used to
which the lanyard is attached, the cable should be of
such a length that the lanyard itself cannot become
snagged on the pit valve components. It shall also be
easily replaceable when in situ.
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32

ANNEX C
HYDRANT RISER STRESS DURING

IMPACT OF THE HYDRANT PIT
VALVE/HYDRANT COUPLER
ASSEMBLY
POST IMPACT RECOMMENDATIONS
During the development of this publication the potential (37 in.) impact produced higher stress than the 76 cm
for damage to hydrant risers during impact to hydrant (30 in.) impact.
couplers was considered. The IP contracted Air BP to Results obtained during testing, and the following
co-ordinate a stress analysis study by Cranfield conclusions, are only valid for risers that are installed
Aerospace Limited, to determine the extent of this and backfilled as in the study.
perceived problem.
The results of the testing and analysis of results are Conclusions
contained in IP Report Fuel hydrant riser pipe stress
analysis due to accidental impact loads.7 — The 22 240 N (5 000 lbf) maximum hydrant
In summary it was shown that for a riser installed coupler break-away load was found to be
and backfilled in the manner as that in the study, the acceptable.
breakaway force specified in this publication is — Foundation support increases with depth to 1,5 m
satisfactory. It was established that the length of the (59 in.).
riser could be critical, and short risers (<0,4 m; 15,7 in.) — 94 cm (37 in.) impact is worse than 76 cm (30 in.)
are more prone to damage. Medium risers (0,4 m - 1,5 — Short risers (<0,4 m; 15,7 in.) are most vulnerable
m; 15,7 in. - 59 in.) length have highest pipe stress; 0,6 to base cracking.
m to 0,8 m (23,6 in. - 31,5 in.) produces peak stress, — Medium risers (0,4 m - 1,5 m; 15,7 in. - 59 in.)
and long risers (>1,5 m; 59 in.) are least likely to be have highest pipe stress. Riser lengths 0,6 m -
damaged. Beyond 1,5 m (59 in.) the backfill support 0,8 m (23,6 in. - 31,5 in.) produce peak stress.
does not change appreciably. The calculated stresses — Long risers (>1,5 m; 59 in.) are least likely to be
were determined for impact at 76 cm (30 in.) and 94 cm damaged.
(37 in.) above the bottom of the hydrant pit valve — Fuel hydrant design specifications should include
flange; i.e. impact at the centreline of a hydrant coupler a minimum depth for risers of 1,5 m (59 in.).
and impact at the top of the hydrant coupler. The 94 cm
33
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Recommended post-impact actions

--`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
— Determine nature/scale of impact and likely

severity.
— Assess damage to hydrant coupler/pit valve/riser 8.
— Determine fuel hydrant and riser construction
details.
— Determine design depth of hydrant main and nature
of riser (direct or spur).
— Carry out Non Destructive Testing if possible,
including a pressure test. If such a system is
installed, carry out a leak detection test.
— Excavate to expose riser to hydrant joint if
considered to be appropriate. If the riser is classed
as short (<0,4 m; 15,7 in.) then damage to the
riser/hydrant main joint is probable if impact was
severe.
7. Available in the IP Library, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR, UK.
8. It is considered to be a mandatory requirement to remove the pit valve involved for thorough examination and test. Inspection
in situ is not sufficient.
34

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ANNEX D
AIR-OPERATED PILOT DEVICES
Air-operated pilot devices have certain advantages over conditions where the fuelling operator is working
those that are manually operated. Some advantages are: from an elevated platform at the aircraft fuel panel
controls.
— The pilot-operated valve will fail close under — Air-operated pilot devices afford a dual closure.
spring pressure in the case of an air line rupture. When the air pressure is released, the pilot-
Air line rupture may be caused for example by fire, operated valve closes, and remains closed, and
or impact from a vehicle on the hydrant coupler removal of the hydrant coupler closes the adapter
assembly. poppet. With a lanyard-operated pilot device,
— The pilot-operated valve will close if the deadman unless the lanyard is pulled before removal of the
device is not kept active. hydrant coupler, the pilot-operated valve is not
— The pilot-operated valve can be more easily prevented from opening, thus a 'hot hydrant'.
opened and closed repeatedly at a remote distance
from the hydrant pit. This feature may be useful in
35

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36

ANNEX E
THE INSPECTION AND TESTING OF

AIRPORT HYDRANT PIT VALVES
E.1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE (e) Condition of jacking screws where fitted;
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(f) Condition of pit lining;
This Annex is intended to give guidance in developing (g) Ensuring valve and components are free from
procedures for the inspection and testing of hydrant pit product leaks.
valves in service. The guidance given in this Annex
supersedes that previously published by the IP in The E.2.2 Four weekly
inspection and testing of airport hydrant pit valves,
which has been withdrawn. Every fourth weekly inspection should include an
The recommended procedures set out in this Annex additional check to ensure that the operating mechanism
cover static inspection and testing and dynamic testing is free, that the main valve is closed and that the main
of hydrant pit valves when in service. In addition seal is not leaking beyond an acceptable level. Again a
normal hydrant pit cleaning should be carried out. procedure to cover all types of valve installed at the
location should be developed by the hydrant operating
company taking into account the manufacturer’s
E.2 STATIC TESTING/INSPECTION - accepted leak rate.
ALL VALVES The only method of determining the integrity of the
main valve seal in situ is to depress the pressure
E.2.1 Weekly equalising valve in the main poppet, or the poppet itself.
This generally results in a fuel spray, even if of small
All valves should be inspected for integrity of the volume. Therefore, for health and safety reasons, it is
operating mechanism. A checklist for each type of recommenced that a device either to contain or deflect
valve installed should be prepared by the hydrant any fuel spray be fitted to the valve when carrying out
operating company at each location, and should the test.
include: As an alternative to the above four weekly test,
some locations may find it beneficial to conduct a test
(a) Visual examination of operating handle, lanyard during refuelling. The test procedure would be to
and air pilot connections; initiate flow to the highest practical level for the
(b) Inspection of hydrant pit box for cleanliness, water aircraft/pit valve and to pull the lanyard. The deadman
and product; control should remain in the operating position and note
(c) Presence and condition of dust cap and tether; taken that flow ceases.
(d) Hydrant pit lid condition, seal, tether, pit number It is important to prevent a vacuum being created
and grade marking where applicable;
37

when carrying out the test in this manner. After flow E.4 TESTING AFTER REPAIR OR
ceases and the test is completed, before re-opening the OVERHAUL
pit valve, the deadman should be closed and all fuelling
valves in use at the time of the test left open. After repair or overhaul, the valve should be fully tested
This alternative method should be used with due to its manufacturing standard, preferably on a test rig,
caution. If excessive hose evacuation leading to surge so that the fullest flow rate to which the valve will
pressures on re-opening is noted, then this type of operate in service may be achieved.
testing should not be used. Not all valves will seal completely and an
In addition, this type of test is not suitable if a acceptable rate of leak, in line with manufacturer’s data,
boost pump is in use on the hydrant dispenser and it should be decided on. This is particularly relevant with
should not be carried out. The static test should be those valves that have a metal to metal seal.
carried out. Note: Valves that do not seal completely may not
meet the requirements of this publication.
At all locations an effective defect reporting and
E.3 DYNAMIC TESTING remedial action procedure should be established and
maintained.
E.3.1 Without deadman control
If the hydrant pit valve is equipped for lanyard closing E.5 SUGGESTED METHODS OF
only, and the inlet coupler used with it is not equipped CONTAINING FUEL SPRAY
with a deadman function, testing should be carried out
QUARTERLY. The test may be carried out during Devices may range from a simple "shoe" which is fitted
refuelling, preferably at the beginning of the operation, with a screw-down device to depress the equalising
or by using a servicing vehicle, at the discretion of local valve and/or the main poppet and which slides on to the
management. The test is limited to closure time only valve adapter, to a "coupler", blanked and fitted with a
and the valve should close between 2 to 5 seconds from pressure gauge and bleed valve. The latter device would
the time that the lanyard is pulled. indicate a leaking valve by a pressure increase within
The precautions regarding the creation of a the coupler whilst the former deflects any fuel flow into
vacuum, noted above in four weekly testing, should be the pit whence it may be recovered.
observed if the test is carried out during refuelling. As stated previously, each hydrant operator should
The results of the test may be recorded in a simple develop their own procedures for conducting the four
manner, e.g. a tick to denote satisfactory, or a cross to weekly test but the following are offered as suggestions.
denote unsatisfactory, operation. Any corrective action
should be documented. If using a shoe:
E.3.2 With deadman control (a) Wipe clean the top of the outlet adapter face and
poppet;
If the hydrant pit valve OR the hydrant coupler used is (b) Fit shoe;
fitted with a deadman control then testing may be (c) Depress equalising valve.
carried out on a SIX MONTHLY schedule. Testing Note: If fuel fills the well in substantially less
may be carried out during refuelling, or by the use of a than 1 minute, this will indicate a failure. If it is
servicing vehicle, at the discretion of local apparent that the well will not fill there is no need
management. The test procedure, recording and to wait the full minute.
reporting requirements are the same as those in E.3.1.
In both cases there is no requirement to measure If using a blanked hydrant coupler:
overrun.
Note: Valves which incorporate a butterfly or (a) Wipe clean the top of the outlet adapter face and
flapper valve should not be tested under flow poppet then connect blank hydrant coupler to pit
conditions, only static testing/inspection should be valve;
carried out. Such valves will not meet the requirements (b) Open coupler poppet to open hydrant valve poppet;
of this Annex. (c) Operate pilot to set the main valve to open;
38
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ANNEX E
(d) Bleed blank coupler to fill it with fuel and expel

air;
(e) Operate pilot to close main valve;
(f) Open bleed valve to release pressure.
Note: Normally, a pass or fail result will be
clearly observable and leak rate does not need to be
measured. For comparison: The allowed maximum
leak rate for a new valve is approximately
15 ml/min.
39
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FOUR-INCH HYDRANT SYSTEM

API/IP SPECIFICATION 1584

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

API/IP SPECIFICATION 1584

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Copyright © 2001 by American Petroleum Institute, and

All rights reserved

ISBN 0 85293 280 4

Published by The Institute of Petroleum

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

1 Introduction, scope and referenced publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 General arrangements and features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4 Performance criteria and testing procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5 Type approval testing and quality assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Annex A - Catastrophic excess flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 SCOPE

The performance requirements and optional 1.2.1 General

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

They are listed as "Mandatory" and "Optional" IP 2

Sanderson, T.A., and Simpson, R.A. 1990, Excess

API 10012-1 Quality assurance requirements for

Specification Q1 Specification for quality SAE 4

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

pressure: 2.2 ABBREVIATIONS

— pressure loss: the difference in static pressures

vacuum test: a negative pressure applied to the hydrant

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

FOUR-INCH HYDRANT SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

3.1 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF HYDRANT travel of 50,8 +1,588/-0,000 mm (2 +0,0625/-0,000 in.)

3.2.2 Outlet adapter actuation

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Hydrant pit box

Pit box seal

Figure 1 - Typical arrangement of hydrant pit equipment

Standard hydrant coupler

Coupler poppet operator Deadman air

Pilot device and override

Hydrant pit valve assembly

Pit box seal

Figure 2 - Typical arrangement of hydrant pit equipment

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

±0,127 ±0,127 ±0,127 ±1,588

GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS AND FEATURES

Figure 3A - API standard hydrant pit outlet adapter, SI measurements

FOUR-INCH HYDRANT SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS

Figure 3B - API standard hydrant pit outlet adapter, customary measurements

D Valve max. Outside of coupler

Figure 4A - Outlet adapter and coupler interface dimensions, SI measurements

D Valve max. Outside of coupler

Figure 4B - Outlet adapter and coupler interface dimensions, customary measurements