DES Questions

Answer of Question 1
DES Encryption Round

X=FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF (Plain Text)

∴ L1 = FF FF FF FF
R1 = FF FF FF FF
K = 00 00 00 00 00 00 (Round 1 Key) (48- bits)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
L2 = R1 = FF FF FF FF
R2 = L1 Xor MF (R1) (MF means Mangler Function)

MF (R1) = R1 Xor K1 = FF FF FF FF FF FF Xor 00 00 00 00 00 00 = FF FF FF FF FF FF

After using S-boxes to shrink to MF output 32 bits = C8AF83B1

∴ R2 = FF FF FF FF Xor C8AF83B1= 37507C4E

∴ L2 = FFFFFFFF
R2 = 37507C4E

1
Answer of Question 2
DES Decryption Round

M= 0000000000000001 (Cipher Text)

∴ R16 = 00000001
L16 = 00000000

K16 = 123456789ABC (Round 16 Key)

-------------------------------------------------
R15 = L16 = 00000000
L15 = R16 Xor FM (R15)
FM (R15) = R15 Xor K16 = 000000000000 Xor 123456789ABC = 123456789ABC

After using S-boxes to shrink the F function output 32 bits = C8259732

∴ L15 = 00000001 Xor C8259732 = C8259733

∴ Output = C825973300000000

To get 2, 30, 33 and 63 bits values convert the output to binary form
∴ bit 2 = 1
bit 30 = 0
bit 33 = 0
bit 63 = 0

2
Answer of Question 3
The correct output = 2

If the output is 15 the possible input strings are:

1. 001010
2. 000011
3. 110000
4. 100001

Answer of Question 4
Because XOR encryption is a symmetric algorithm. This means that the encryption key can
be used as the decryption key.

Example