Nepal is a multiparty system parliamentary republic.

The federal parliament recognises the

following three political parties: the Janata Samajbadi Party, Nepal (JSPN), the Nepal
Communist Party (NCP), and the Nepali Congress (NC).Though both of the major parties
formally support democratic socialism, the Nepali Congress is viewed as centrist, and the
NCP as leftist.

The Nepali Congress had the majority of seats in parliament during the bulk of the brief
periods of democratic activity between the 1950s and 1990s; in the 1990s, the CPN (UML)
was its rival.The Maoists became the third-largest party after they entered politics in
2006.Following the 2017 elections, which were the first under the new constitution, the
National Conference of Parties (NCP), which was created by the union of the Maoist Centre
and the UML (CPN), emerged as the dominant force in six of the seven provinces and the
federal government.Although it is barely noticeable throughout the rest of the nation, the
Madhesi coalition—which was created by the Samajbadi Party of Nepal and the Rastriya
Janata Party of Nepal, which eventually united to become JSPN—formed the provincial
government in Province No. 2.