SURVEYING REPORT

COURSE: CIVIL ENGINEERING

GROUP 3C MEMBERS

NAME REG NUMBER

1. MOHAMED ABDINASIR ENC211-0210/2022
2. DOMINIC CHERUIYOT ENC211-0045/2022
3. JERVAS JEFF ENC211-0290/2022
4. MARK KIVALI ENC 211-0207/2022
5. EMMANUEL NJIHIA ENC211-275/2022
6. EMMANUEL MBALO ENC211-0257/2023
7. ALLAN KIPKIRUI ENC211-0051/2022
8. JEREMY MACHARIA ENC211-0325/2021
9. HOLDEN MABILI ENC211-0012/2022
Objective of report

The main Objective of the project was:

• To establish horizontal control points of fourth order* in traversing. The sub

objectives of the project are:

• To provide framework for detailing.

• To learn the basics of Traversing.

• To measure horizontal and vertical angle.

• To obtain coordinates of unknown points in project area.

Introduction

Background

Control survey is the art of establishing control point by considering shape and size of earth.

Horizontal control point: The control point which contains (x, y) coordinates i.e., easting and
northing. This control point can be established by traverse, triangulation, trilatreration,
intersection and resection.

Vertical control point: The control point which contain Z coordinate i.e. depth. This control
point can be established by levelling.

Full control point: Both horizontal and vertical control point can be established by DGPS.

Principle

The principle of traversing is that if the direction and length of any line is known then the
coordinates of its head (end point) can be found from the given coordinates of its tail (starting
point).

Figure 1: Principle of traverse

Latitude (∆N) = l cos θ

Departure (∆E) = l sin θ

If coordinate of A is known then coordinate of B can be calculated.

i.e. E2 = E1 + ∆E and N2 = N1 + ∆

Applicability of Traverse

• Traversing is based on the basic principle of surveying i.e. working from whole to
part.

• It forms the framework for tacheometric surveying.

• If coordinate and bearing of one traverse leg is known then other coordinates can be
determined.

• Area of the closed loop can be determined.

Scope of work

We had established 9 control points* by the method of traverse which can be further used for
the densification of the control points. Also it can be used for the different kinds of survey
such as cadastral, topographical, and engineering and many more. It can also be used as a
framework for detailing. It can be used to calculate the area for engineering works.

APPARATUS

1. Theodolite

2. 3 tripod stand

3. 2 Plumb bob

4. Measuring Tape
PROCEDURE

1. Set up the Theodolite. ➢ Tripod is set up. The tripod legs were spread out on the
ground around the survey point.

➢ mounted the instrument. The theodolite is carefully removed from the box and
screwed to the tripod.

➢ Centering. A sight is taken through the optical plummet to view the survey peg.
The foot screws are turned to bring the instrument exactly over the peg. The
theodolite is now centered but, not level.

➢ Leveling. Leveling is accomplished by raising or lowering the legs of the tripod,

using the sliding leg arrangement, until the circular spirit level is centered.

2. Measuring the distances between points. The distance between the points were
measured using the measuring tape

3. The bearing between TM7 -HOS was calculated and oriented in order to read the first
unknown point.

4. This was repeated to all other points and the observed angles and measured distances
were well recorded.
 TRAVERSE BEARING SHEET

PRELIMINAR FINAL
STATION OBSERVED ORIENTATI Y ADJUSTME BEARING
ON BEARING NT
@Hos
TM7 265 49 00 +58 265 49 58
A 356 35 00 + 58’’ 336 36 58 +000 12’ 19’’ 356 25 29

@A
Hos 176 35 00 + 58’’
B 178 39 00 + 58’’ 178 39 58 +000 24’ 38’’ 178 18 59.6

@B
A 358 56 00 + 58’’
C 267 04 00 + 58’’ 267 04 58 +000 36’ 58’’ 266 33 30.4

@C
B 87 04 00 + 58’’
CM9 156 56 00 + 58’’ 156 58 58 +000 49’ 17’’ 156 15 1.2

@CM9
C 336 56 00 + 58’’
CM10 352 00 00 + 58’’ 352 00 58 +001 01’ 36’’ 351 08 32

MISCLOSUR -00 53 26
E
ADJUSTMENT USING BOWDITCH/COMPASS RULE NORTHING EASTING
(-Y) (+X)
DATUM -121 113.547 1257.978
CM9
∆N ∆E
HOS - A
356 25 29 +65.780 -3.800
65.88 M +5.438 +5.247
+71.218 +1.447
A -121 042 .329 1259.425
A- B
178 19 00 +72.271 -1.977
72.30M +5.968 +5.759
+77.186 +3.782
B -120 965.143 1263.207
B-C
266 33 30 -5.730 +95.710
67.3 +5.555 +5.360
-0.175 +101.070
C -120,965.318 1354.953
C-CM9
156 15 01 +105.094 +41.402
112.956M +9.323 +8.997
+114.417 +50.399
CM9 -120,849.849 1363.950
DATUM -120,849.849 1363.950
CM 9

TRAVE -120,876.132 1389.313

RSE
CM 9
MISCL -26.283 -25.363
OSURE
S
ACCUR
ACY
 NORTHING EASTING
(-Y) (+X)
A -121 042.329 1259.425
B -120 965.143 1263.207
C -120 965.138 1354.953
CM 9 -120,849.849 1363.950
CM10 -120,756.150 1349.348

CONLUSION

1. A fully oriented closed link traverse was observed.

2. An accuracy of 1:8.718 was used

3. Compass rule was used in adjustment of the travers