MMW Chapter 4 Data Management Reviewer - Virginia
Data Management - pertains to the “practice of
managing data as a valuable resource to unlock its
potential for an organization” (SAS, 2020).
Statistics - The science of Organizing, Collecting ,
Analyzing, Interpreting, and Presenting Data.
Measures of Central Tendency
● A summary statistic that represents the center
point or typical value of a data set.
● These measures indicate where most values in a
distribution fall and are also referred to as the
central location of a distribution.
➔ Mean - The sum of values divided by
the number of values.
➔ Median - The middle value in an
ordered array of data.
➔ Mode - The value in a set of data that
appears most frequently.
Measures of Position - Give a range where a certain
percentage of the data fall.
➔ Percentiles - The values that divide an ordered
array of data into 100 equal parts.
➔ Quartiles - The values that divide an ordered
array of data into 4 equal parts.
Measures of Variability - Refers to the amount of
spread of the scores around the mean of a distribution.
➔ Population Variance - The sum of the squared
differences around the mean divided by the
sample size.
➔ Sample Variance - The sum of the squared
differences around the mean divided by the
sample size minus 1.
➔ Population Standard Deviation - The square
root of the population variance.
➔ Sample Standard Deviation - The square root
of the sample variance.
➔ Mean Absolute Deviation - The sum of the
absolute deviations from the mean divided by
the number of values.
➔ Interquartile Range (IQR) - The difference
between the upper quartile and lower quartile
values in a set of data.
Correlation Analysis - A group of statistical techniques
to measure the association between variables.
Correlation coefficient - degree of association
● A measure of the relative strength of a linear
relationship between two numerical variables.
● Its value ranges from -1, for a perfect negative
correlation to +1, for a perfect positive
correlation.
Correlation coefficient = Pearson’s product moment
correlation coefficient or Pearson’s r
● a measure of the strength of relationship
between two variables that are at least in the
interval scale.
Regression Analysis - carried out to develop a model to
predict the values of a dependent variable (y), based on
the value of the independent variable (x).
➔ Dependent Variable - denoted by y, is the
variable being predicted or estimated.
➔ Independent Variable - denoted by x, provides
the basis for estimation. It is the predictor
variable.
Regression Equation - Y = a + bx
● Y = average predicted value of y for any x.
● a = y-intercept (regression constant) - the
estimated y value when x = 0.
● b = slope (regression coefficient) - the average
change in Y for each change of one unit in x.
Coefficient of Determination (r2)
● The proportion of the total variation in the
dependent variable (y) that is explained or
accounted for by the variation in the independent
variable (x).