Question:

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Expert answer: 0 0
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Step: 1

To create X- and R-charts, you can follow these steps:

**X-bar Chart (X-chart):**

1. Calculate the average (X-bar) for each subgroup.

2. Calculate the overall average (Grand Mean) of all the subgroup averages.

3. Plot the subgroup averages on the X-bar chart.

**Range Chart (R-chart):**

1. Calculate the range (R) for each subgroup.

2. Calculate the average range (R-bar) of all the subgroup ranges.

3. Plot the subgroup ranges on the R-chart.

Step: 2

Based on the provided data:

1. **X-bar Chart:**

Explanation

The X-bar chart displays subgroup averages, and the R-chart shows subgroup ranges for 20 samples of engine component diameters.
Calculate subgroup averages, overall average (X-bar), subgroup ranges, and average range (R-bar). Plot points on respective charts and
assess if they fall within control limits to determine process stability.

- Calculate X-bar for each subgroup.

- Calculate the Grand Mean.

- Plot the subgroup averages on the X-bar chart.

2. **R-chart:**

- Calculate R for each subgroup.

- Calculate R-bar (average range).

- Plot the subgroup ranges on the R-chart.

These control charts help assess whether the process is in control or exhibits special cause variation. Control limits are typically set at
±3 times the standard deviation. If points fall within these limits, the process is considered in control; otherwise, it may indicate a
special cause variation.

Please provide the calculated values if you need further assistance.

 Final Answer

The data comprises 20 samples of engine component diameters, each with subgroups of size 5. Constructing X-bar and R-charts
involves calculating subgroup averages, overall average (X-bar), subgroup ranges, and average range (R-bar). Plotting these values helps
assess process stability. Control limits, typically set at ±3 times the standard deviation, determine if points are within acceptable
bounds. The X-bar chart monitors subgroup averages, while the R-chart evaluates subgroup ranges. If points fall within control limits,
the process is considered stable; otherwise, it suggests special cause variation, warranting further investigation into potential issues in
the manufacturing process.

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