Let's work on 2 examples through

this explaination

PCls & NOz

.
c Usually halogens like F Cl [etc
, ,

are o the terminal

PCls NO3
↑ ↑
These will be our central

Total i for PCls Se 5xTe 40

-

=
+ =

GCN
↑

Total for NO5 =

367 + + He = Ge
M
because its
anion
 > Be-usually
or filled
shell
This will tell us how much bonds
We need bl a bont shares e-

B -

A
↑
sharing
Let
with As B

>
-
NG =
5(82) + 8 =
482-

·
NO5 <. T = She-
 d
-

> B = 40 --
40 = De
& # of
each

· participating
in each
bont
NO5 > B = 32 24- =
Det

De since
# of bonds =
j
4= >
-

O>
PCl5 -

We need >
-
5
b bonds
We make
Meaning we make B =
18 it a S:

bonds
=

of 4 NO3
# = >
-
From previous
# of bonds for Pls =
5 so B =
2(# off bunds)
=
We
↓
not e
 i We need to

.
·
expand the
Octet

-Pe ↑ is example
an of
...
Cl ·..
breaking
So we use
Octet
an

another
· o
Gund
The for this

·
reason
is 6/ p has ar
empty a oriotal
that can be filled
Elements With
expanded octet : Sulfur
,
Phosphorus, silicon and
Cholvide

. go -N-gi

.. PCls : 40
=
-

30e-
De
NOs== 24e De =

=
bet
 O

AX2

600 -

AXz AX2(LP)1

AX3(LP)1

AX4 AXa(LPla
AXs

AXp AXuCLPlI<pAX3(LPl2 AXaLLPSCLPLs

AxyKP(2
AXL

-
With Angles :

&

↑ H
Dipoles : the overall pull of e- on a molecule
based on atoms
electronegativity
exi

H-Cl O
Ce is more electronegative
I & It
than so the overall

net dipole is towards the le

·
the electronegatuity of

G q 0
= =

Os are I so their pull

cancel out

1 the net dipole is up towards

O since the vector addition
-O -
" -
H H asts to be up
Resondance : Describes the delocilization on
molecule
· arrow moves to not

I break Octet
< >
:
·. N-oo
↑"
/ -
.. O of
· o

A
o

O Arrow describes
movement
of lone
pairs V

·
· e
* All these resundance

structure are the

same molecule
o
·
.
-
Ni
L

· the more resundance

structures a mucule has
the morestable it is 61
it shows the is are more
free to move around
34 What Molecular of each ?
. is the Geometry B
 a) BH
↑
central atom

· V = 3 + 2(1) + He -

= 62-
↑
# of
V e .

· N G .
= + 2(22) =
We
↑ ↑ boron is
# of
an example
of an element that
e needed Goesn It require
to be noble an OC tet it
-
nee
can
have a max
of
6e-in
a
bond

·
B = N G -F
. = 10 Ge-
= Yet

= =*
·
# of bunds on central atom B
 H -

B
# of e-left = T -

B = Ge-He =
↓
Moclecular Geometry Have
to p lale
H -

B -

H => AX2(LP)1 on cential

Hi arting
Cause
Molecular > can't
Bent
-

geometry break
of Octet

B
- -
H H

·
 &

6) NI3
↑
Central
atoms
· v =
5 + 3(7) = 26e-
↑
# of
V e .

& N G
.
= 8 +3(80) 3 he =

↑
# of
- needed
to be noble

·
B = N 6
.
-

F =
32
-

26 = be

=B
·
# of bonds on Central atom

-i e-lett N B 46-6e
· ·
# of =
-
=
-

Goe
↑ Put first on
=

I to fatil) octet

↳ with bond >

-

then
certa el

Molecular geome AX(LP) 1-

> Trigonal
try
>
-

o pyramidial

II
 · V = 62 + 5(72) + 1e = The
↑
# of
V e .

· N O .
=
82
-

+ 5(8e) =
48e
-

this to
·
B = N G
.
-

V = 48 e-- 42e= 6 => 10

·
# of bunds on central atom
== >
-
We need to -5
5bunds so
make
·
# of e-lett N-B =
=
42 -102
32e-

·
· o
I

:..
F- Put first on I to fatil) octet
d0 with bond > then central
-

atum

C .
Molecular Geometry >
-

AXg(LP)1- > Square Gyramdial

o
FF
S
O
· -
-
f
f #