Early Theories of

Motivation
 Motivations Concepts
What is Motivation?
❑ Motivation ( Push, Activate, Reason behind Something)

Definition of Motivation (‫)ﺣﻮﺻﻠہ اﻓﺰاﺋﯽ‬

❑ Motivation refer to the process by which person's efforts are
energize, directed and sustained toward attaining a goals and
objectives.
❑ There are three main elements of motivation in this definition,

1) Energy 2) Direction 3) Persistence (Sustained)

 Motivation Concepts
Early Theories of Motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need Theory.
❑ Psychological theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943.
Motivation theory which states that five categories of human needs
dictate an individual behavior.
❑ These five categories of humans needs are:
i. Physiological Need.
ii. Safety Need
iii. Social or Belongingness Need
iv. Esteem Need
v. Self Actualization
 Motivation Concepts
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need Theory.
 Motivation Concepts
Explanation of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need Theory in OB
Perspective
i. Survival Need: Each employee need proper light, heat/air conditioning,
phone, internet, computer, table and chair to perform his/her job.
ii. Security Needs: Safe place to work is important for employee. Job
security, safe work environment help to motivate the employee.
iii. Social Need: Cutting someone from group or Isolation is a punishment.
Provide opportunity to employee to be a part of team.
iv. Esteem Need: Related to pride and self-worth. Everyone want to be as a
person of value. If possible provide employee with office car etc.
v. Self Actualization: Related to self realization and self growth. Individual
must be given opportunity to go as far as their ability will take them.
 Motivation Concepts
Herzberg’s Two-Factors Theory
❑ Fredrick Herzberg extend Maslow work by using empirical research
(experience or judgmental base) to develop his theory on employee
motivation.

i. He found that people were motivated by recognition, responsibility,

achievement, advancement and work itself. These factors were labeled
“Motivators”.
ii. He found that bad feeling associated with low salary, minimal fringe
benefits, poor working conditions, ill defined organization policies and
close minded supervision. These factors were labeled as “Dissatisfier”.
 Motivation Concepts
Theory X and Theory Y
❑ Douglas McGregor proposed two distinct views of human being one
negative , labeled Theory X and the other positive labeled Theory Y.

i. Theory X: The assumption that employees like dislike work, are

lazy, dislike responsibility and must be directed and persuade to
work.
ii. Theory Y: The assumptions that employees like work, are creative,
seek responsibility and can exercise self-direction.
 Motivation Concepts
McClelland’s Three-Need Theory
❑ According to this theory, there are three acquired (developed) needs
what are major motivators in work.

i. Need for Achievement: Desire to do something better or more

efficiently than its been done before. Set the standards.
ii. Need of Power: A need to make others behave in a way that they
would not have behaved otherwise.
iii. Need of Affiliation: Desire for friendly and close relationship.
The End