Physics

Oscillations
Parth Goyal
Periodic Motion
T = 1 = 2π
f w
Any motion which has
T is time period
periodicity is known as f is frequency
Periodic Motion w is angular
frequency
 Question 1
A block is released as shown. Calculate the time period of the motion if surface is
smooth and collisions are elastic.
Solution 1
Question 2

Assume no friction and no transitions. Find T.

Solution 2
 OSCILLATORY MOTION

It is a periodic motion which executes to and fro about a mean

position ( point of stable equilibrium).

F=0 F = max
a=0 a = max
v = max v=0
K.E. = max K.E. = 0
P.E. = min P.E. = max
 Oscillation will not take place
Oscillation will take place
Q) Potential energy varies with position as shown
if total energy is 7J and then find :
1. Max K.E.
2. Min P.E.

2
2
If U = 2x - 3x
Q) Potential energy varies with position as shown
if total energy is 7J and U = 2x - 3x then find :
2

1. Max K.E.
2. Min P.E.
 Simple harmonic motion

It is an oscillatory motion in which restoring oscillation on the particle is

directly proportional on the particle is directly proportional to the
displacement from the mean position.

.
Solutions of SHM
Kinetic energy and potential energy of SHM:
If at mean position, U = UO

(constant all through the motion)

At any position / time ,
 Question 4
A particle executes SHM with amplitude A and time T. Calculate the
ratio of K.E. and P.E. at half of the amplitude from the MP . Assume U = 0
at MP.
Answer 4
Answer 4
Question 5

In the previous problem find the position w.r.t. MP

where U and K are equal .
Answer 4
SHM as UCM ( Uniform circular motion)
Question 6
A particle is executing SHM with time period T and
Amplitude A . Find the time taken by particle to go from
Answer 6
Answer 6
Answer 6
Answer 6
Note :
Question
Find the time period of SHM and amplitude if ,
Answer
Question
Find the time period of SHM and amplitude if ,
Answer
 To find the time period of oscillating
systems :

Steps
1. Analyze equilibrium condition for the system ( point of stable equilibrium)
2. Displace the particle displace the particle slightly from the equilibrium
position and calculate restoring acceleration / force.
3. Apply condition of SHM
 Simple Pendulum

It is only valid for small oscillations.

 Post martem of the formula

L : distance between COM of Bob

and point of suspension.
g (effective) : effective acceleration
w.r.t. frame
Question
A girl swinging by a swing suddenly she stands up on the
swing . How will time period change.
Answer

The swinging motion will be Faster and T will be

reduced.
As COM will move upward do length will decrease as a
result T will also decrease .
Question
Effect on time period on glass sphere containing water ,
after leakage
Answer

Firstly , when water level will go down, COM will also move
down, length will increase.
Firstly , slower

Afterwards , when water level will be very lower then

dominant mass will be of sphere , COM will move up , length
will decrease.
Afterwards , Faster , •
Question
Effect on time period when whole system is immersed in
liquid of density 'p' .
Answer
Question
A container turning towards right as shown in figure ,
Find time period of the pendulum hanged inside?
Answer
Question
Find Time period , lift 1 moving upwards with acceleration
'a' and lift 2 moving down with same acceleration'a' .
Answer

Note : In free fall , a = g ( weightlessness / case of satellites)

Time period ,.
Question
Effect on time period in very large pendulum.
Answer
Time period of a particle along a tunnel
dug through the earth.
Time period of a particle along a tunnel
dug through the earth.
Compound Pendulum
 Postmartem of formula

= Moment of inertia of body about

hinge

= Distance of COM of body from hinge

Question
Find time period ?
Answer
Question
Find time period ?
Answer
Question
Find time period ?
Answer
Question
Find time period ?
Answer
Question
Find time period ?
Answer
Simple Pendulum
Postmartem of formula
T is same in
all cases.
 Combination of springs

Springs in parallel Combination

 Combination of springs

Springs in series Combination

 Question
A spring of force constant 'k' has time period T when connected to
mass 'm' . Find the time period of the springs such that the original
spring is cut into 1 : 2 by length.
Answer
Question
Find Time period
Answer
Question
Find Time period
Answer
Question
Find Time period
Answer
 Damped SHM

All the real oscillations are damped oscillations.

Solution of
equation
 Forced
Oscillation
The conditions of resonance
(maximum apmlitude of
oscillations) takes place when
driving frequency becomes equal to
natural frequency of the system
Thank you !