1/10/2021 Kirchhoff's Laws of Current & Voltage - Application, Advantage, Limitation

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Kirchho ’s Laws of Current & Voltage – Application,

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1/10/2021 Kirchhoff's Laws of Current & Voltage - Application, Advantage, Limitation

Kirchho ’s Laws act as the best tool for circuit analysis techniques. Georg Ohm’s
work (Ohm’s law) formed the foundation to create Kirchho ’s Current Law (KCL)
and Kirchho ’s Voltage Law (KVL) by Gustav Robert Kirchho in 1845. The
objective of this post is to give a better understanding of Kirchho ’s Laws of
Current and Voltage, its applications, advantages and limitation.

Table of Contents [hide]

1 Kirchho ’s Laws
2 Kirchho ’s Laws of Current and Voltage
2.1 Kirchho ’s Current Law (KCL) or First Law:
2.2 Kirchho ’s Voltage Law (KVL) or Second Law:
3 Applications of Kirchho ’s Laws
4 Advantages of Kirchho ’s Laws
5 Limitations of Kirchho ’s Laws

Kirchho ’s Laws
The laws of Kirchho are the two equations that address conservation of energy
and charge with reference to electrical circuits. They are very important in the
analysis of closed and complex electrical circuits such as bridge or T networks in
which calculating voltages or currents circulating within the circuit becomes
di cult using Ohm’s law alone.

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(https://i1.wp.com/electricalfundablog.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/01/Gustav-Robert-Kircho s-Laws.png?ssl=1)

Fig. 1 – Introduction to Kirchho ’s First and Second Laws

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Kirchho ’s Laws of Current and Voltage

Kirchho ’s Laws of Current and Voltage may be divided in two separate laws, i.e.:

Kirchho ’s Current Law (KCL) or First Law

Kirchho ’s Voltage Law (KVL) or Second Law

Kirchho ’s Current Law (KCL) or First Law:

The rst law of Kirchho ’s laws is Kirchho ’s Current Law. It states that “The total
current or charge entering a junction or node is exactly equal to the current
leaving the node, as no charge is lost within the node“. It can also be stated as
the sum of currents in a network of conductors meeting at a node is equal to
zero.

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1/10/2021 Kirchhoff's Laws of Current & Voltage - Application, Advantage, Limitation

(https://i1.wp.com/electricalfundablog.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/01/Kirchho s-Current-Law.png?ssl=1)Fig. 2 – Visual
Representation of Kirchho ’s Current Law

From the above gure,we can infer that the sum of the currents entering and
leaving a node is equal to Zero (0). The current owing towards the junction is
considered positive and the current owing away from the node or junction is
considered negative.

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1/10/2021 Kirchhoff's Laws of Current & Voltage - Application, Advantage, Limitation

In other words, KCL can be de ned as the algebraic sum of all the currents
entering and leaving a node must be equal to zero, i.e. Iin + Iout = 0.

Kirchho ’s Voltage Law (KVL) or Second Law:

The second law of Kirchho ’s laws is Kirchho ’s Voltage Law. It states that in any
closed loop network, the sum of the emf values in any closed loop is equal to the
sum of the potential drops in that loop.

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1/10/2021 Kirchhoff's Laws of Current & Voltage - Application, Advantage, Limitation

(https://i2.wp.com/electricalfundablog.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/01/Kirchho s-Voltage-Law.png?ssl=1)

Fig. 3 – Visual Representation of Kirchho ’s Voltage Law

In another words, it can also be said as “The total voltage around the loop is
equal to the sum of all the voltage drops within the same loop”, which is equal to
zero.

Applications of Kirchho ’s Laws

The applications include:

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1/10/2021 Kirchhoff's Laws of Current & Voltage - Application, Advantage, Limitation

They can be used to analyze any electrical circuit.

Computation of current and voltage of complex circuits.

Advantages of Kirchho ’s Laws

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Calculation of unknown currents and voltages is easy.

Simpli cation and analysis of complex closed loop circuits becomes
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Limitations of Kirchho ’s Laws

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1/10/2021 Kirchhoff's Laws of Current & Voltage - Application, Advantage, Limitation

The limitation of Kirchho ’s both laws is that it works under the assumption that
there is no uctuating magnetic eld in the closed loop. Electric elds and emf
could be induced which causes the Kirchho ’s loop rule to break in presence of a
variable magnetic eld.

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has work experience
in RelQ Software as Test Engineer and HP as Technical support executive. She is an author, editor
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